sfaD encodes the beta subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein of Aspergillus nidulans. As part of the FadA(alpha)-SfaD(beta)-GpgA(gamma) complex it is required for normal vegetative growth and for repression of asexual sporulation, and it promotes secondary metabolism (sterigmatocystin) and sexual development. SfaD functions as a Gbeta signaling adaptor.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Accept: cytoplasm. Reason: G-beta acts on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane, so the call is compatible but unspecific; the heterotrimer term below is the informative location for SfaD. |
| GO:0007186 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Accept: G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Reason: The pathway in which a G-beta subunit operates: SfaD relays receptor input within the FadA growth-versus-development pathway. |
| GO:0005834 heterotrimeric G-protein complex | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Accept: heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Reason: Complex membership is the core structural statement for SfaD - it is the G-beta partnering FadA and GpgA, both annotated to the same complex. |
| GO:0030159 signaling receptor complex adaptor activity | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Accept: signaling receptor complex adaptor activity. Reason: Captures the G-beta scaffolding role, bridging receptor, G-alpha and G-gamma. More informative than a bare binding term, and the best molecular function available for SfaD. |
| GO:0007165 signal transduction | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: Accept: signal transduction. Reason: General parent of the GPCR-pathway term above; retained, but adds no specificity. |
| GO:0048315 conidium formation | IMP PMID:10523303 The Aspergillus nidulans sfaD gene encodes a G protein beta ... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Direction should be signed. SfaD represses sporulation, so the unsigned formation term is an over-annotation. Reason: Deleting sfaD gives a hyperactive sporulation phenotype, so SfaD restrains rather than drives conidium formation. The signed term GO:0075308, already annotated on this gene, captures the demonstrated direction; the unsigned formation term loses it. Proposed replacements: negative regulation of conidium formation Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523303 Deletion of sfaD suppressed all defects resulting from complete loss-of-flbA function mutations, caused a hyperactive sporulation phenotype and severely reduced vegetative growth. PMID:10523303 We propose that SfaD and FadA are both positive growth regulators with partially overlapping functions and that FlbA has an important role in controlling the activities of both proteins. |
| GO:0010914 positive regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process | IMP PMID:16467480 The phosducin-like protein PhnA is required for Gbetagamma-m... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Non-core role in ST biosynthesis regulation. Reason: Promotes ST via G-protein signaling; non-core. |
| GO:0045461 sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process | IMP PMID:16467480 The phosducin-like protein PhnA is required for Gbetagamma-m... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Over-annotated: SfaD regulates ST, it is not a biosynthetic enzyme. Reason: SfaD is a Gbeta signaling subunit; the ST-biosynthetic-process annotation overstates its role (regulation term is accurate). Proposed replacements: positive regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process |
| GO:1900378 positive regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic process | IMP PMID:16467480 The phosducin-like protein PhnA is required for Gbetagamma-m... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Non-core positive regulation of secondary metabolism. Reason: Regulatory reach; non-core. |
| GO:0075308 negative regulation of conidium formation | IMP PMID:10523303 The Aspergillus nidulans sfaD gene encodes a G protein beta ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core process. SfaD negatively regulates conidium formation. Reason: SfaD (with FadA) represses sporulation to sustain vegetative growth. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10523303 Deletion of sfaD suppressed all defects resulting from complete loss-of-flbA function mutations, caused a hyperactive sporulation phenotype and severely reduced vegetative growth. PMID:10523303 We propose that SfaD and FadA are both positive growth regulators with partially overlapping functions and that FlbA has an important role in controlling the activities of both proteins. |
| GO:0075308 negative regulation of conidium formation | IGI PMID:10523303 The Aspergillus nidulans sfaD gene encodes a G protein beta ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core process. SfaD negatively regulates conidium formation (genetic interaction). Reason: Genetic-interaction evidence for SfaD repression of conidiation. |
| GO:0000909 sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction | IMP PMID:10523303 The Aspergillus nidulans sfaD gene encodes a G protein beta ... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Non-core role in sexual (sporocarp) development. Reason: SfaD signaling also influences sexual development; non-core. |
| GO:0005834 heterotrimeric G-protein complex | ISS PMID:10523303 The Aspergillus nidulans sfaD gene encodes a G protein beta ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Accept: heterotrimeric G-protein complex. Reason: Sequence-similarity assignment from the paper that identified sfaD as encoding a G protein beta subunit required for normal growth and reproduction; concordant with the IBA row. |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)UniProt Q5BH99 (SfaD). G-beta subunit; repressive gating tier.
- Gbeta adaptor required for growth and repression of sporulation. PMID:10523303.
- Core: negative regulation of conidium formation (GO:0075308). GO:0045461 ST biosynthetic process flagged over-annotation → GO:0010914.
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