veA (velvet A) is the founding member of the velvet superfamily of fungal regulatory proteins and the central light-responsive coordinator of development and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans. VeA is primarily expressed and nuclear in the dark, where it bridges VelB and the methyltransferase LaeA to form the heterotrimeric VelB-VeA-LaeA (velvet) complex; light and the phytochrome/white-collar system restrict its nuclear import, shifting the balance from sexual toward asexual development and modulating secondary-metabolite gene clusters. VeA thus partitions between cytoplasm and nucleus in a light-dependent manner.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear velvet regulator. Reason: VeA is nuclear (dark) as part of the velvet complex; consistent with extensive EXP nucleus data. |
| GO:0005992 trehalose biosynthetic process | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Trehalose biosynthesis link is phylogenetically propagated; weak for VeA directly. Reason: Trehalose regulation is characterized for VosA/VelB; for VeA this IBA is propagated and not a core role. Kept as non-core. |
| GO:0030435 sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Core process. VeA regulates cellular-spore formation/developmental balance. Reason: VeA governs the sexual/asexual sporulation balance. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization (UniProt mapping). Reason: Consistent with the experimentally determined dark-nuclear localization. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization (UniProt mapping). Reason: VeA is cytoplasmic in the light; consistent with EXP data. |
| GO:0042762 regulation of sulfur metabolic process | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Regulation of sulfur metabolic process (electronic; unconfirmed for VeA). Reason: This ARBA electronic prediction is not experimentally confirmed for VeA; a possible link via SAM/LaeA methylation is speculative. Kept as non-core pending evidence. |
| GO:0043455 regulation of secondary metabolic process | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Core process. VeA regulates secondary metabolism. Reason: VeA, via the velvet complex, is an established regulator of secondary-metabolite production. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18556559 We identified the heterotrimeric velvet complex VelB/VeA/LaeA connecting light-responding developmental regulation and control of secondary metabolism |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | EXP PMID:17163983 Aspergillus nidulans VeA subcellular localization is depende... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization (direct/experimental). Reason: Experimentally demonstrated nuclear localization (dark). Supporting Evidence: PMID:21152013 In the dark, VeA bridges VelB and LaeA to form the VelB-VeA-LaeA (velvet) complex |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | EXP PMID:18556559 VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal d... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization (experimental). Reason: Experimentally demonstrated; velvet-complex study. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18556559 VeA, which is primarily expressed in the dark, physically interacts with VelB, which is expressed during sexual development |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | EXP PMID:19318129 Importin alpha is an essential nuclear import carrier adapto... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization (experimental). Reason: Experimentally demonstrated light-dependent nuclear import. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | EXP PMID:20816830 Cross-talk between light and glucose regulation controls tox... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization (experimental). Reason: The nuclear pool observed under the light and glucose conditions examined here; the counterpart of the cytoplasmic row from the same study, and evidence that the partitioning is condition-dependent rather than fixed. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | EXP PMID:23341778 Secondary metabolism and development is mediated by LlmF con... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization (experimental). Reason: Nuclear VeA scored in the study identifying LlmF as a cytoplasmic retention factor; the nuclear fraction is what increases when that retention is lost. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | EXP PMID:17163983 Aspergillus nidulans VeA subcellular localization is depende... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization (experimental). Reason: VeA is cytoplasmic in the light; experimentally demonstrated. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18556559 VeA, which is primarily expressed in the dark, physically interacts with VelB, which is expressed during sexual development |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | EXP PMID:18556559 VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal d... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization (experimental). Reason: The cytoplasmic pool observed in the study defining the VelB/VeA/LaeA complex. VeA partitions between cytoplasm and nucleus in a light-dependent manner, so this term records one half of a regulated distribution rather than a static assignment. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | EXP PMID:19318129 Importin alpha is an essential nuclear import carrier adapto... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization (experimental). Reason: Cytoplasmic VeA scored where nuclear import is compromised. The row is informative precisely because the cytoplasm is the default location when the importin-alpha route is unavailable. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | EXP PMID:20816830 Cross-talk between light and glucose regulation controls tox... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization (experimental). Reason: Cytoplasmic localisation scored under the light and glucose conditions examined here; the same term supported through a different regulatory input. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | EXP PMID:23341778 Secondary metabolism and development is mediated by LlmF con... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization (experimental). Reason: Cytoplasmic retention under LlmF control - the line of evidence that identifies a factor actively holding VeA outside the nucleus, rather than simply observing it there. |
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