velB (velvet-like protein B) is a velvet-family regulatory protein and a hub of the fungal developmental regulatory network in Aspergillus nidulans. It participates in two light-regulated complexes: the VelB-VeA-LaeA (velvet) complex formed in the dark, which promotes sexual development and secondary metabolism, and the VosA-VelB complex that controls spore maturation, trehalose biogenesis and repression of cell-wall genes. As an NF-kB-like DNA-binding regulator, VelB positively regulates sexual sporulation and sterigmatocystin biosynthesis while restraining asexual conidiation, and shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear velvet regulator. Reason: VelB is a nuclear DNA-binding regulatory protein (also cytoplasmic); consistent with IDA data. |
| GO:0005992 trehalose biosynthetic process | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: VelB regulates trehalose biogenesis (with VosA). Reason: Regulatory role via the VosA-VelB complex; non-core, non-enzymatic. |
| GO:0030435 sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Core process. VelB functions in cellular-spore formation. Reason: VelB is required for proper spore formation/maturation. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization (UniProt mapping). Reason: Consistent with experimental nuclear localization. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization (UniProt mapping). Reason: VelB shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus; consistent with IDA cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:24391470 The velvet family of fungal regulators contains a DNA-bindin... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Protein binding (uninformative MF) reflecting velvet-complex interactions. Reason: IPI captures VelB's interactions within the velvet and VosA-VelB complexes; 'protein binding' is uninformative, kept non-core. |
| GO:0048315 conidium formation | IMP PMID:18556559 VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal d... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core process. VelB regulates conidium formation. Reason: VelB affects conidiation as part of the velvet regulatory network. |
| GO:0043935 sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore | IMP PMID:18556559 VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal d... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core process. VelB promotes sexual sporulation. Reason: VelB (in the velvet complex) promotes sexual development/ascospore formation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18556559 We identified the heterotrimeric velvet complex VelB/VeA/LaeA connecting light-responding developmental regulation and control of secondary metabolism |
| GO:0045461 sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process | IMP PMID:18556559 VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal d... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Over-annotated: VelB regulates ST biosynthesis, it is not part of the biosynthetic pathway. Reason: VelB influences sterigmatocystin only as a regulator (velvet complex); the precise relationship is captured by GO:0010914 (positive regulation of ST biosynthesis). Proposed replacements: positive regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process |
| GO:0071482 cellular response to light stimulus | IMP PMID:18556559 VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal d... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: VelB participates in the light response (velvet complex is light-regulated). Reason: The velvet complex couples light signalling to development; VelB's role in cellular response to light is real but non-core. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:21152013 LaeA control of velvet family regulatory proteins for light-... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization (direct). Reason: Direct assay; consistent with velvet-complex nuclear function. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IDA PMID:21152013 LaeA control of velvet family regulatory proteins for light-... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization (direct). Reason: Direct assay; VelB is partly cytoplasmic. |
| GO:0005992 trehalose biosynthetic process | IMP PMID:21152013 LaeA control of velvet family regulatory proteins for light-... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: VelB regulates trehalose biosynthesis (direct, regulatory). Reason: Regulatory role via VosA-VelB; non-core. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IDA PMID:18556559 VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal d... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nuclear localization (direct). Reason: Direct assay from the velvet-complex study. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IDA PMID:18556559 VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal d... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasmic localization (direct). Reason: Direct assay; consistent with nucleocytoplasmic distribution. |
| GO:0010914 positive regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process | IMP PMID:18556559 VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal d... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: VelB positively regulates ST biosynthesis (real, non-core SM role). Reason: As part of the velvet complex VelB promotes sterigmatocystin biosynthesis; a genuine but pleiotropic non-core role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18556559 We identified the heterotrimeric velvet complex VelB/VeA/LaeA connecting light-responding developmental regulation and control of secondary metabolism |
| GO:0043941 positive regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore | IMP PMID:18556559 VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal d... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core process. VelB positively regulates sexual sporulation. Reason: VelB promotes sexual sporulation (ascospore formation) via the velvet complex. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18556559 VeA, which is primarily expressed in the dark, physically interacts with VelB, which is expressed during sexual development |
| GO:0075308 negative regulation of conidium formation | IMP PMID:18556559 VelB/VeA/LaeA complex coordinates light signal with fungal d... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core process. VelB negatively regulates conidium formation. Reason: VelB restrains asexual conidiation while promoting sexual development, balancing developmental fate. |
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