gcvT

id: C5AUG2
gene_symbol: gcvT
product_type: PROTEIN
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:272630
  label: Methylorubrum extorquens AM1
description: 'gcvT encodes aminomethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.10), also known as glycine
  cleavage system T protein, which catalyzes the final step of the glycine cleavage
  system: the transfer of the aminomethyl group from the lipoyl-bound intermediate
  (on gcvH) to tetrahydrofolate (THF), producing 5,10-methylene-THF and releasing
  ammonia. The enzyme belongs to the GcvT family and functions as a component of the
  glycine cleavage complex, working in concert with gcvP (P protein, glycine dehydrogenase),
  gcvH (H protein, lipoyl-carrier), and gcvL (L protein, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase).
  In methylotrophs, the glycine cleavage system connects the serine cycle to the THF
  one-carbon pool: glycine (produced from serine by serA) is oxidatively cleaved by
  the GCV system, generating 5,10-methylene-THF (which feeds into C1 metabolism),
  CO2, and ammonia. GcvT contains two characteristic domains: an aminomethyltransferase
  folate-binding domain (residues 25-274) and a C-terminal domain (residues 305-385).
  The enzyme is essential for glycine catabolism and for connecting amino acid metabolism
  to the THF-dependent one-carbon pool, allowing the organism to recycle one-carbon
  units between different pathways during methylotrophic growth.'
existing_annotations:
- term:
    id: GO:0004047
    label: aminomethyltransferase activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: This is the primary and specific catalytic activity of GcvT - the transfer
      of the aminomethyl group from the lipoyl-bound intermediate (on gcvH) to tetrahydrofolate,
      producing 5,10-methylene-THF and ammonia. [file:METEA/gcvT/gcvT-uniprot.txt,
      "aminomethyltransferase"; "N(6)-[(R)-S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoyl]-L-lysyl-[protein]
      + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate = N(6)-[(R)-dihydrolipoyl]-L-lysyl-[protein]
      + (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NH4(+)"]
    action: ACCEPT
- term:
    id: GO:0005960
    label: glycine cleavage complex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  review:
    summary: GcvT is a component of the glycine cleavage complex, working together
      with gcvP, gcvH, and gcvL to catalyze the oxidative cleavage of glycine. This
      is the primary cellular location for the enzyme. [file:METEA/gcvT/gcvT-uniprot.txt,
      "Glycine cleavage system T protein"]
    action: ACCEPT
- term:
    id: GO:0006546
    label: glycine catabolic process
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  review:
    summary: GcvT catalyzes the final step of glycine catabolism via the glycine cleavage
      system, transferring the aminomethyl group to THF and releasing ammonia. This
      connects glycine degradation to the one-carbon pool. [file:METEA/gcvT/gcvT-uniprot.txt,
      "Glycine cleavage system T protein"]
    action: ACCEPT
- term:
    id: GO:0008483
    label: transaminase activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
  review:
    summary: This is technically correct as GcvT transfers an aminomethyl group, but
      it's a somewhat misleading general term. The more specific term GO:0004047 (aminomethyltransferase
      activity) provides better functional annotation.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
- term:
    id: GO:0016740
    label: transferase activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
  review:
    summary: This is a very general parent term for all enzymes that transfer functional
      groups. While technically correct, the more specific term GO:0004047 provides
      much better functional annotation.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
core_functions:
- description: 'GcvT catalyzes the final step of the glycine cleavage system, transferring
    the aminomethyl group from the lipoyl-bound intermediate (on gcvH carrier protein)
    to tetrahydrofolate (THF), producing 5,10-methylene-THF and releasing ammonia.
    The enzyme functions as a component of the glycine cleavage complex, working in
    concert with gcvP (P protein), gcvH (H protein), and gcvL (L protein) to catalyze
    the oxidative cleavage of glycine. In the context of methylotrophic metabolism,
    the glycine cleavage system connects the serine cycle to the THF one-carbon pool:
    glycine (produced from serine) is oxidatively cleaved, generating 5,10-methylene-THF
    that feeds into C1 metabolism, plus CO2 and ammonia. GcvT contains an aminomethyltransferase
    folate-binding domain and a C-terminal domain, and belongs to the GcvT family.
    The enzyme is essential for glycine catabolism and for recycling one-carbon units
    between amino acid metabolism and the THF-dependent one-carbon pool during methylotrophic
    growth.'
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0004047
    label: aminomethyltransferase activity
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0006546
    label: glycine catabolic process
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005960
    label: glycine cleavage complex
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:METEA/gcvT/gcvT-uniprot.txt
    supporting_text: aminomethyltransferase...Glycine cleavage system T protein...N(6)-[(R)-S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoyl]-L-lysyl-[protein]
      + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate = N(6)-[(R)-dihydrolipoyl]-L-lysyl-[protein]
      + (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NH4(+)
references:
- id: file:METEA/gcvT/gcvT-uniprot.txt
  title: UniProt entry for gcvT aminomethyltransferase
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000002
  title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO
    terms.
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000043
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000120
  title: Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods.
  findings: []
status: COMPLETE