acon-2

UniProt ID: U9W570
Organism: Neurospora crassa (strain ATCC 24698 / 74-OR23-1A / CBS 708.71 / DSM 1257 / FGSC 987)
Review Status: DRAFT
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Gene Description

acon-2 (aconidiate-2, NCU00478) encodes a cyclic-nucleotide (cAMP) phosphodiesterase that hydrolyzes cyclic nucleotides and negatively regulates cAMP/PKA signaling in Neurospora crassa. It acts upstream of the fluffy (FL) master regulator and is required for normal induction of conidiation; acon-2 loss-of-function blocks macroconidiation (aconidiate phenotype), and elevated FL expression can bypass the acon-2 defect. acon-2 links nutrient/cAMP signal transduction to the FL-driven conidiation program.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0004115 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Accept: 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Reason: The family-level catalytic assignment, and the one that explains the biology: hydrolysing cAMP lowers PKA output and permits conidiation. The cAMP-specific term is preferable to the unsigned-substrate parent.
GO:0047555 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Accept: 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity.
Reason: Dual substrate specificity is common in this phosphodiesterase clade, but no cGMP assay for ACON-2 is cited here and cGMP signalling is poorly established in Neurospora. Kept as a phylogenetic inference rather than a demonstrated activity.
GO:0141162 negative regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Accept: negative regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction.
Reason: The signed process term that matches the enzymology: degrading cAMP attenuates PKA signalling. The most informative process statement for ACON-2.
GO:0004114 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: Accept: 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity.
Reason: Unsigned-substrate parent of the cAMP and cGMP terms above; correct, but less specific.
GO:0007165 signal transduction
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: Accept: signal transduction.
Reason: Very general parent. The cAMP/PKA regulation term carries the actual content.
GO:0008081 phosphoric diester hydrolase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: Accept: phosphoric diester hydrolase activity.
Reason: The chemistry-level parent of phosphodiesterase activity; retained as an ancestor term, uninformative on its own.
GO:0046872 metal ion binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000104
ACCEPT
Summary: Accept: metal ion binding.
Reason: Class I phosphodiesterase catalytic domains carry a binuclear metal centre, so metal binding here is a genuine cofactor requirement rather than a spurious keyword match.
GO:0075307 positive regulation of conidium formation
IMP
PMID:15126394
The fluffy gene of Neurospora crassa is necessary and suffic...
NEW
Summary: Proposed new annotation. GOA captures ACON-2's enzymology and its cAMP/PKA signalling role but no term for its control of the conidiation process that signalling gates, which is the reason the gene was isolated.
Reason: acon-2 is an aconidiate mutant that requires an inducing signal to develop - elevated fl expression restores development of the acon-2 mutant only in nitrogen-starved cultures - and acon-2 contributes to the developmental induction of fl, placing it upstream of the master regulator. The existing GO:0141162 row records the signalling mechanism; this term records the process that mechanism serves. The signed term is used rather than the unsigned GO:0048315 because the direction is established - loss of acon-2 blocks macroconidiation and ACON-2 contributes to fl induction, so it is a positive regulator, not an executor of conidium formation. This matches how this review set treats the other upstream regulators (flbB, flbD as GO:0075307; fadA as GO:0075308), and leaves the unsigned GO:0048315 to the master executors fl, brlA and abaA. acon-3 is the deliberate exception to that rule - it also carries the unsigned term, because the one thing established about it is that it acts downstream of fl and is required for later conidiation stages, which does not separate a regulator of the process from a participant in it.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15126394
Two other genes, acon-2 and acon-3, play major roles in controlling development.
PMID:15126394
fl is induced specifically in differentiating tissue during conidiation and acon-2 plays a role in this induction.
PMID:15126394
Elevated expression of fl leads to induction of development of the acon-2 mutant in nitrogen-starved cultures, but does not bypass the conidiation defect of the acon-3 mutant.

Core Functions

Cyclic-nucleotide (cAMP) phosphodiesterase gating conidiation: by hydrolyzing cAMP and dampening cAMP/PKA signaling, ACON-2 acts upstream of the fluffy master regulator to permit macroconidiation.

Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:31172300
    components of signal transduction pathways such as the cAMP phosphodiesterase ACON-2
  • PMID:15126394
    acon-2 plays a role in this induction
  • PMID:15126394
    fl acts downstream of acon-2 and upstream of acon-3 in regulating gene expression during development

References

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Notes

(acon-2-notes.md)

acon-2 (Neurospora crassa) β€” curation notes

UniProt U9W570 (NCU00478). Cyclic-nucleotide (cAMP) phosphodiesterase; aconidiate-2. Neurospora variant, upstream signaling/gating.
- Identity confirmed: cAMP phosphodiesterase. PMID:31172300.
- Acts upstream of fluffy (FL); required for fl induction / conidiation. [PMID:15126394 "fl acts downstream of acon-2 and upstream of acon-3 in regulating gene expression during development"; "acon-2 plays a role in this induction"].
- Core MF GO:0004115 cAMP phosphodiesterase activity; negatively regulates cAMP/PKA signaling (GO:0141162). PANTHER PTHR11347 (Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase); ancestral node PTN001682918.

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