| Category | Evidence summary | Experimental basis | Quantitative/statistical notes | Key sources with year/URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identity / domains | OsEIL2 is the rice (Oryza sativa subsp. japonica) EIN3-like transcription factor encoded by LOC_Os07g48630, corresponding to UniProt Q8W3L9; reviews place it in the small rice EIN3/EIL family and identify OsEIL1/OsEIL2 as the closest functional equivalents of Arabidopsis EIN3. OsEIL proteins are nuclear DNA-binding TFs with a conserved EIN3/EIL DNA-binding region and less-conserved C termini that likely confer regulatory specificity. (pqac-00000000, pqac-00000010, pqac-00000012, pqac-00000014) | Primary functional characterization plus pathway reviews/family summaries | Rice family size reported as six OsEILs in reviews; OsEIL1/OsEIL2 highlighted as core ethylene regulators rather than all family members equally. (pqac-00000010, pqac-00000012) | Jin 2020 Plant Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110353; Yang 2015 Molecular Plant, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2015.01.003; Zhao 2021 JIPB, https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13028 |
| Localization | OsEIL2 is nuclear-localized. OsEIL2-GFP/OsEIL2-YFP colocalized with a nuclear marker, and nuclear fluorescence increased after ACC or MG132 treatment, consistent with ethylene-responsive accumulation and proteasome-sensitive turnover. (pqac-00000001, pqac-00000002, pqac-00000025) | Transient/stable GFP or YFP localization; ACC and MG132 treatments in rice/N. benthamiana systems | ACC and MG132 treatments were applied for fluorescence detection; exact effect sizes are figure-based and not numerically reported in the retrieved text. (pqac-00000001, pqac-00000025) | Jin 2020 Plant Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110353 |
| Upstream regulation in ethylene signaling | Canonical rice ethylene signaling places OsEIL2 downstream of receptors/OsCTR2 and OsEIN2. In conserved models, ethylene suppresses CTR activity, enabling EIN2 signaling and reducing EBF-mediated turnover of EIN3/EIL proteins. Rice-specific regulators include MHZ3 (stabilizes OsEIN2), MHZ11 (sterol/lipid-dependent modulation of receptor–OsCTR2), and MHZ9, which binds OsEIN2 and represses translation of OsEBF1/2 mRNAs, permitting OsEIL1 accumulation; MHZ9 likely affects broader EIL outputs indirectly, potentially including OsEIL2. (pqac-00000009, pqac-00000010, pqac-00000013, pqac-00000017, pqac-00000018, pqac-00000019, pqac-00000021) | Genetic mutants/reviews for OsCTR2/OsEIN2/MHZ regulators; MHZ9 study used BiFC, RIP/CLIP-seq, Ribo-seq, polysome profiling, western blot | MHZ9 required for ~90% of ethylene-responsive translational changes; translation efficiency of OsEBF1/2 was strongly reduced in WT but disrupted in mhz9. Direct OsEIL2-specific MHZ9 quantitation was not provided. (pqac-00000017, pqac-00000018, pqac-00000019) | Zhao 2021 JIPB, https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13028; Yang 2015 Molecular Plant, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2015.01.003; Huang 2023 Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40429-0 |
| DNA-binding motif / transcriptional mechanism | OsEIL2 functions as a transcriptional activator. For VTC1-3, OsEIL1/OsEIL2 bind EBS motifs defined in the paper as ATGTA/TACAT. EMSA used N-terminal EIL proteins for binding, while ChIP-qPCR and dual-LUC supported promoter occupancy/activation in vivo. OsEIL2 also directly binds BURP promoters (OsBURP14/16), although the exact motif sequence was not given in the retrieved Jin text. (pqac-00000001, pqac-00000003, pqac-00000024, pqac-00000026) | Yeast transactivation, ChIP-PCR/qPCR, EMSA, dual-LUC | OsEIL2 transactivation domain was mapped to the C-terminal region aa 344–583 in one retrieved summary; EMSA for VTC1-3 used mutated EBS controls for specificity. (pqac-00000000, pqac-00000024) | Jin 2020 Plant Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110353; Qiao 2024 Plant Communications, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100771 |
| Direct target genes | Best-supported direct OsEIL2 targets are OsBURP16 and OsBURP14 (cell-wall/PG-related BURP genes), plus ROS-scavenging genes OsVTC1-3, OsPRX37, OsPRX81, OsPRX82, and OsPRX88. Reviews also note OsEIL2 can directly repress GY1, linking ethylene to jasmonate/lipid-related growth pathways. OsACO2 expression changes in OsEIL2 transgenics, but direct binding evidence was not shown in the retrieved excerpts. (pqac-00000000, pqac-00000001, pqac-00000002, pqac-00000003, pqac-00000009, pqac-00000021, pqac-00000024) | ChIP-qPCR, EMSA, dual-LUC, expression analysis in OX/RNAi/mutant backgrounds | VTC1-3 and multiple PRX genes were significantly downregulated in ein2 and eil1 eil2 mutants; OsACO2 up in OX and down in RNAi was reported without direct-target confirmation. (pqac-00000002, pqac-00000007, pqac-00000008) | Jin 2020 Plant Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110353; Qiao 2024 Plant Communications, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100771; Zhao 2021 JIPB, https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13028 |
| Downstream processes / pathway outputs | OsEIL2 links ethylene signaling to cell-wall remodeling, ROS homeostasis, abiotic stress responses, senescence, and seedling emergence. In the BURP16 module, OsEIL2 increases PG activity and lowers pectin content, reducing cell adhesion and increasing salt/drought sensitivity. In coleoptiles, OsEIL1/OsEIL2 activate ROS-scavenging genes, elevating ascorbate/peroxidase activity and reducing ROS in the coleoptile apex, thereby promoting elongation and emergence from soil. Reviews further connect OsEIL2 to JA crosstalk via repression of GY1. (pqac-00000000, pqac-00000001, pqac-00000003, pqac-00000009, pqac-00000023, pqac-00000024) | PG and pectin assays; ROS/H2O2, ascorbate, peroxidase assays; emergence and coleoptile measurements; pathway review synthesis | Qiao 2024 reports ROS-scavenging genes down in ein2 and eil1 eil2 and rescue of eil1 short-coleoptile phenotype by VTC1-3 overexpression; Jin 2020 reports PG/pectin directionality but retrieved text lacked numerical values. (pqac-00000007, pqac-00000008, pqac-00000024) | Jin 2020 Plant Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110353; Qiao 2024 Plant Communications, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100771; Zhao 2021 JIPB, https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13028 |
| Phenotypes from gain/loss of function | OsEIL2 overexpression causes shorter roots, slightly dwarfed shoots, increased ACC sensitivity, delayed flowering/leaf development, accelerated dark-induced senescence, and reduced salt/drought tolerance; RNAi/knockdown lines show taller shoots, reduced ethylene sensitivity, delayed senescence, and improved salt/drought tolerance. Recent work on eil1 eil2 double mutants shows impaired coleoptile elongation/ethylene response and reduced expression of ROS-scavenging genes, impairing seedling emergence from soil. (pqac-00000000, pqac-00000001, pqac-00000002, pqac-00000003, pqac-00000024, pqac-00000025) | Overexpression and RNAi transgenics; ACC dose-response; dark senescence assays; salt/drought survival assays; mutant phenotyping under ethylene/soil cover | Stress assays in Jin 2020 used 200 mM NaCl, 20% PEG, 10 µM ACC, 100 µM ABA, and dark treatment; exact survival percentages and growth values are figure-based in retrieved text. Qiao 2024 reports measurable changes in cell length/apex thickness and emergence rate, with significance by ANOVA/t-tests. (pqac-00000024, pqac-00000025) | Jin 2020 Plant Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110353; Qiao 2024 Plant Communications, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100771 |
| Quantitative / statistical notes | Available snippets preserve some quantitative details from Qiao 2024: VTC1-3-OX seedlings showed larger ethylene-induced increases in coleoptile cell length (~23%) and decreases in coleoptile apex thickness (~18%) versus WT (~22%/14% in Nip; ~20%/5% in ZH17 depending on comparison shown). RbohH-OX showed smaller changes (~10% increase in cell length and ~6% decrease in apex thickness). Statistical testing included Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test; many assays used three biological replicates, whereas length/cell measurements used ≥20 seedlings or 20–30 cells. (pqac-00000023, pqac-00000024, pqac-00000025, pqac-00000026) | Figure-linked quantitative phenotyping and biochemical assays | Jin 2020 methods state qPCR datasets had three replicates and experiments were repeated twice; ChIP used ~2 g seedlings; PG activity expressed as mmol reducing end groups per 100 mg CWM. (pqac-00000025, pqac-00000026) | Qiao 2024 Plant Communications, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100771; Jin 2020 Plant Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110353 |
| Related immunity context / caution | Strong direct immunity evidence in the retrieved set is for OsEIL1 rather than OsEIL2: OsEIL1 activates OsrbohA/B and OsOPR4 to enhance blast resistance through ROS/JA/phytoalexin pathways. For OsEIL2, retrieved direct evidence supports abiotic stress, senescence, and coleoptile ROS-scavenging functions; reviews note hormone crosstalk and mention GY1 repression and possible defense connections, but OsEIL2-specific immunity claims should be stated cautiously unless the dedicated 2024 immunity paper is consulted directly. (pqac-00000005, pqac-00000009, pqac-00000011) | Primary immunity study plus reviews | Avoid over-attributing OsEIL1 immunity data to OsEIL2 without direct paper access. (pqac-00000005, pqac-00000011) | Yang 2017 The Plant Journal, https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13388; Zhao 2021 JIPB, https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13028 |


*Table: This table condenses the strongest available evidence for the identity, regulation, targets, localization, and phenotypes of rice OsEIL2 (Q8W3L9/LOC_Os07g48630). It is designed to support functional annotation by separating direct experimental findings from broader pathway inferences.*