HSP20A

UniProt ID: B7FXQ8
Organism: Phaeodactylum tricornutum CCAP 1055/1
Review Status: COMPLETE
Aliases:
PHATRDRAFT_35158
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Gene Description

HSP20A (PHATRDRAFT_35158) is a 163-residue small heat shock protein (sHSP) of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. It belongs to the HSP20/alpha-crystallin family (PANTHER PTHR11527) and has the canonical sHSP architecture: an N-terminal region rich in aromatic residues, a complete alpha-crystallin domain (residues 47-155) and a short C-terminal extension carrying the I-X-I oligomerization motif (IAI, residues 150-152). By homology with characterised sHSPs it is expected to form dynamic oligomers and act as an ATP-independent holdase. In this role it would bind non-native proteins during heat and other proteotoxic stress and keep them from aggregating, so that ATP-dependent chaperones can later refold them. It is not expected to refold clients itself. In an alpha-crystallin-domain tree it groups with a Thalassiosira pseudonana sHSP of PANTHER subfamily SF175, inside a diatom lineage that contains no experimentally characterised protein. Its activity, expression, oligomeric state and subcellular location have not been measured. No signal peptide or targeting presequence is annotated, which points to a cytosolic protein, but this has not been tested.

Proposed New Ontology Terms

holdase chaperone activity

Definition: Binding to an unfolded or misfolded protein to prevent its aggregation without actively catalyzing refolding. The holdase maintains the client protein in a soluble, folding-competent state.

Justification: sHSPs, including PTHR11527 members, act as ATP-independent holdases. They bind non-native clients and prevent aggregation but do not refold them. Obsolete GO:0051082 captured binding only. GO:0044183 requires assisting folding. GO:0140309 (relabelled 'unfolded protein holdase activity') keeps a carrier definition requiring escort to an acceptor molecule or location. Same proposal as for Arabidopsis HSP17.7 and yeast HSP26; see go-ontology#30552.

Parent term: molecular_function

Supporting Evidence:

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0009408 response to heat
ISS
file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md
NEW
Summary: Proposed from the PTHR11527 family-root PAINT IBD. B7FXQ8 has no GO annotations because P. tricornutum is not a PANTHER genome.
Reason: PAINT placed response to heat at PTN000163021, the root of PTHR11527 (species LUCA), so every placed family member inherits it. That includes the diatom PTHR11527:SF175 sHSPs that group with B7FXQ8 in the ACD tree. B7FXQ8 is a full-length family member with a complete alpha-crystallin domain. sHSPs take part in the heat response by holding heat-denatured proteins, so the gene product does part of the work rather than only being induced. No heat-induction or heat-protection data exist for B7FXQ8 itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md
The PTHR11527 tree root is PTN000163021 (species LUCA). Its PAINT IBDs are protein folding (GO:0006457), response to heat (GO:0009408), response to salt stress (GO:0009651), response to hydrogen peroxide (GO:0042542) and protein complex oligomerization (GO:0051259).
file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md
In the NJ tree, B7FXQ8 groups with the T. pseudonana SF175 protein B8CD87.
GO:0051259 protein complex oligomerization
ISS
file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md
NEW
Summary: Proposed from the PTHR11527 family-root PAINT IBD and the conserved C-terminal I-X-I assembly motif of B7FXQ8.
Reason: Oligomer assembly is a conserved property of sHSPs. It was placed by PAINT at the PTHR11527 root and is directly demonstrated for archaeal Hsp16.5 (PMID:29983375). B7FXQ8 keeps the I-X-I motif (IAI 150-152) that cross-links neighbouring alpha-crystallin dimers. The protein assembles itself, so it carries out the process.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md
The C-terminal I-X-I motif, which sHSPs use for oligomer assembly, is present in the target as IAI at residues 150-152.
PMID:29983375
Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that bind partially and globally unfolded states of their client proteins.

Core Functions

Predicted ATP-independent holdase chaperone activity. The family-level evidence is that sHSPs bind partially or globally unfolded client proteins and prevent their aggregation. The activity is carried by oligomeric assemblies built from alpha-crystallin-domain dimers that the I-X-I motif cross-links, and B7FXQ8 has both the complete domain and the motif. GO has no suitable term. Obsolete GO:0051082 covered binding only. GO:0044183 protein folding chaperone requires assisting folding. GO:0140309 keeps a carrier definition that requires escort to an acceptor. The activity is therefore recorded as a proposed term, following the repository convention for sHSPs such as Arabidopsis HSP17.7 and yeast HSP26. The only process terms linked here are the ones PAINT placed at the PTHR11527 root node PTN000163021, from which every member descends: response to heat and protein complex oligomerization. No location is asserted because none has been measured.

Molecular Function:
holdase chaperone activity (proposed)
Supporting Evidence:
  • UniProt:B7FXQ8
    Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. {ECO:0000256|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00285, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU003616}.
  • PMID:29983375
    Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that bind partially and globally unfolded states of their client proteins.
  • PMID:11576425
    The chaperone activity of At-HSP17.6A was demonstrated in vitro.
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md
    The PTHR11527 tree root is PTN000163021 (species LUCA). Its PAINT IBDs are protein folding (GO:0006457), response to heat (GO:0009408), response to salt stress (GO:0009651), response to hydrogen peroxide (GO:0042542) and protein complex oligomerization (GO:0051259).
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md
    The C-terminal I-X-I motif, which sHSPs use for oligomer assembly, is present in the target as IAI at residues 150-152.

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Is HSP20A induced by heat or other proteotoxic stress in P. tricornutum, and is its promoter bound by any of the expanded set of P. tricornutum HSF transcription factors?

Q: Is HSP20A cytosolic, or is any fraction targeted to the plastid or mitochondrion despite lacking a recognisable presequence?

Q: Should the PAINT root IBDs for PTHR11527 (response to salt stress, response to hydrogen peroxide) be considered family-wide, given that they rest on plant phenotypes? B7FXQ8 would inherit them if P. tricornutum were added to PANTHER.

Q: What oligomeric state does HSP20A adopt, and does heat shift it toward the smaller species that are typically the active holdase form?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Time-course RT-qPCR and immunoblot (or tagged-line) measurements after a temperature shift (e.g. 20 to 30 degrees C), compared with the other P. tricornutum sHSP paralogs.

Hypothesis: HSP20A transcript and protein levels rise after heat shock in P. tricornutum.

Experiment: Light-scattering aggregation assays with citrate synthase or luciferase. Follow with refolding assays in the presence of HSP70/HSP40 to test holdase-to-foldase handoff. Include an IXI-motif mutant (IAI150-152 to GAG).

Hypothesis: Recombinant HSP20A suppresses thermal aggregation of model clients.

Experiment: Size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering and native mass spectrometry at permissive and heat-shock temperatures.

Hypothesis: HSP20A forms heat-responsive oligomers.

Experiment: CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of HSP20A, alone and combined with its closest paralogs, followed by growth and survival measurements after acute and chronic heat stress.

Hypothesis: Loss of HSP20A reduces thermotolerance.

External Prediction Reviews

These computational predictions are reviewed separately from the GOA annotation set used for this review. The assessments below are from this project and do not constitute official GO annotations or endorsement by GO/UniProt. They are not included in the existing annotation review above.

ProtNLM2 External predictions

View prediction review YAML Β· B7FXQ8-protnlm-predictions-review.yaml Β· Review status: COMPLETE

HSP20A (B7FXQ8) of Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a full-length small heat-shock protein of PANTHER family PTHR11527 with no GOA annotations. Protein complex oligomerization, response to heat and unfolded protein binding (an obsolete term) are supported by transfer from the family-root PAINT node and characterised sHSP biology. Protein folding, response to salt stress and response to hydrogen peroxide remain uncertain.

Source documents: genes/PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-uniprot.txt Β· genes/PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-ai-review.yaml Β· genes/PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md Β· interpro/panther/PTHR11527/PTHR11527-review.yaml Β· genes/PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-goa.tsv Β· publications/PMID_29983375.md Β· genes/PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-hypotheses/prediction-salt-and-peroxide-stress/openscientist.md

Review score: 2 = concordant with evidence; 1 = uncertain; 0 = discordant with evidence. This is an assessment score, not a model probability.

GO:0009651 response to salt stress GO_BP
UNC β€” Uncertain Review score: 1/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: The target is a full-length small heat-shock protein with an alpha-crystallin domain. The PTHR11527 family-root PAINT node PTN000163021 carries response to salt stress, and the closest placed relative of B7FXQ8 is a Thalassiosira pseudonana PTHR11527:SF175 sHSP. The family-root salt IBD rests on stimulus-specific plant phenotypes, and no salt induction, protection or loss-of-function data exist for B7FXQ8 or any characterised protein in its diatom lineage. The gene review treats this IBD as an open question rather than transferring it, and the OpenScientist analysis flags the salt prediction as an outlier relative to the family's InterPro2GO mapping. Characterised sHSP client binding (PMID:29983375) does not establish a salt-triggered response. The term is absent from GOA for this gene, and the prediction can neither be supported nor refuted.
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-uniprot.txt: "ID B7FXQ8_PHATC Unreviewed; 163 AA. ... DR InterPro; IPR002068; A-crystallin/Hsp20_dom. ... DR InterPro; IPR008978; HSP20-like_chaperone. ... DR InterPro; IPR031107; Small_HSP. ... FT DOMAIN 47..155 ... FT /note="SHSP""
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md: "The PTHR11527 tree root is PTN000163021 (species LUCA). Its PAINT IBDs are protein folding (GO:0006457), response to heat (GO:0009408), response to salt stress (GO:0009651), response to hydrogen peroxide (GO:0042542) and protein complex oligomerization (GO:0051259). ... In the NJ tree, B7FXQ8 groups with the T. pseudonana SF175 protein B8CD87."
  • PMID:29983375: "Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that bind partially and globally unfolded states of their client proteins. ... the archaeal Hsp16.5, which forms ordered and symmetric 24-subunit oligomers"
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-hypotheses/prediction-salt-and-peroxide-stress/openscientist.md: "the salt and peroxide predictions are outliers even relative to the family's own conservative InterPro2GO mapping"
GO:0051259 protein complex oligomerization GO_BP
COR β€” Correct novel prediction Review score: 2/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: B7FXQ8 is a full-length sHSP with a complete alpha-crystallin domain and retains the C-terminal I-X-I oligomer-assembly motif (IAI, residues 150-152). Protein complex oligomerization is a PAINT IBD at the PTHR11527 family root PTN000163021, from which the diatom SF175 sHSPs that group with B7FXQ8 descend, and oligomer assembly is demonstrated experimentally for sHSPs such as archaeal Hsp16.5 (PMID:29983375). This is a justified family-level inference, not an observation on the target, and it does not fix an oligomer size. The gene review proposes this process as a new annotation. B7FXQ8 has no GOA annotations, so the prediction is novel.
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-uniprot.txt: "ID B7FXQ8_PHATC Unreviewed; 163 AA. ... DR InterPro; IPR002068; A-crystallin/Hsp20_dom. ... DR InterPro; IPR008978; HSP20-like_chaperone. ... DR InterPro; IPR031107; Small_HSP. ... FT DOMAIN 47..155 ... FT /note="SHSP""
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md: "The PTHR11527 tree root is PTN000163021 (species LUCA). Its PAINT IBDs are protein folding (GO:0006457), response to heat (GO:0009408), response to salt stress (GO:0009651), response to hydrogen peroxide (GO:0042542) and protein complex oligomerization (GO:0051259). ... The C-terminal I-X-I motif, which sHSPs use for oligomer assembly, is present in the target as IAI at residues 150-152."
  • PMID:29983375: "Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that bind partially and globally unfolded states of their client proteins. ... the archaeal Hsp16.5, which forms ordered and symmetric 24-subunit oligomers"
GO:0006457 protein folding GO_BP
UNC β€” Uncertain Review score: 1/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: Protein folding is among the PAINT IBDs at the PTHR11527 family root, and characterised sHSPs bind non-native clients and suppress their aggregation (PMID:29983375), which can feed into ATP-dependent refolding by other chaperones. The re-reviewed gene and its bioinformatic analysis limit transfer to holdase client binding, oligomerization and response to heat, and treat sHSPs as holdases that do not themselves assist folding; the PTHR11527 family review leaves the protein-folding process unresolved. No folding, refolding or aggregation assay exists for B7FXQ8 or any protein in its diatom lineage. The term is absent from GOA for this gene. Whether holdase activity amounts to participation in protein folding for this protein is not settled by the available evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-uniprot.txt: "ID B7FXQ8_PHATC Unreviewed; 163 AA. ... DR InterPro; IPR002068; A-crystallin/Hsp20_dom. ... DR InterPro; IPR008978; HSP20-like_chaperone. ... DR InterPro; IPR031107; Small_HSP. ... FT DOMAIN 47..155 ... FT /note="SHSP""
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md: "Functions that can be transferred are therefore limited to the family-root IBD set: client holdase behaviour of sHSPs, oligomerization and response to heat."
  • PMID:29983375: "Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that bind partially and globally unfolded states of their client proteins. ... the archaeal Hsp16.5, which forms ordered and symmetric 24-subunit oligomers"
GO:0009408 response to heat GO_BP
COR β€” Correct novel prediction Review score: 2/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: Response to heat is a PAINT IBD at the PTHR11527 family root PTN000163021, and in an alpha- crystallin-domain tree B7FXQ8 groups with a Thalassiosira pseudonana PTHR11527:SF175 sHSP that descends from that node. B7FXQ8 is a full-length member with a complete alpha-crystallin domain, and characterised sHSPs bind unfolded clients (PMID:29983375), the mechanism by which they hold heat- denatured proteins. The gene review proposes response to heat as a new annotation on this basis. The support is a phylogenetic transfer; no heat-induction or thermotolerance data exist for B7FXQ8 itself. B7FXQ8 has no GOA annotations, so the prediction is novel.
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-uniprot.txt: "ID B7FXQ8_PHATC Unreviewed; 163 AA. ... DR InterPro; IPR002068; A-crystallin/Hsp20_dom. ... DR InterPro; IPR008978; HSP20-like_chaperone. ... DR InterPro; IPR031107; Small_HSP. ... FT DOMAIN 47..155 ... FT /note="SHSP""
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md: "The PTHR11527 tree root is PTN000163021 (species LUCA). Its PAINT IBDs are protein folding (GO:0006457), response to heat (GO:0009408), response to salt stress (GO:0009651), response to hydrogen peroxide (GO:0042542) and protein complex oligomerization (GO:0051259). ... In the NJ tree, B7FXQ8 groups with the T. pseudonana SF175 protein B8CD87. ... Functions that can be transferred are therefore limited to the family-root IBD set: client holdase behaviour of sHSPs, oligomerization and response to heat."
  • PMID:29983375: "Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that bind partially and globally unfolded states of their client proteins. ... the archaeal Hsp16.5, which forms ordered and symmetric 24-subunit oligomers"
GO:0042542 response to hydrogen peroxide GO_BP
UNC β€” Uncertain Review score: 1/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: The small-HSP architecture supports a holdase chaperone role, and response to hydrogen peroxide is a PAINT IBD at the PTHR11527 family root. That IBD rests on stimulus-specific phenotypes in other branches, and the gene review leaves its family-wide applicability as an open question rather than transferring it. No peroxide induction, protection or perturbation data exist for B7FXQ8 or a characterised protein in its diatom lineage, and the OpenScientist analysis flags the peroxide prediction as an outlier. The term is absent from GOA for this gene and can neither be supported nor refuted.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0051082 unfolded protein binding GO_MF
COR β€” Correct novel prediction Review score: 2/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: B7FXQ8 has the complete alpha-crystallin domain and I-X-I motif of small heat-shock proteins. Client-binding experiments on characterised sHSPs show recognition of partially or globally unfolded proteins (PMID:29983375), and the gene review's core function is an ATP-independent holdase that binds non-native clients. This supports the binding claim as a family-level inference. GO:0051082 is obsolete in the current ontology without a replacement; the gene review records the activity under a proposed holdase chaperone term. The biological claim is correct, but the term is unusable for a live annotation. B7FXQ8 has no GOA annotations, so the claim is novel.
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:PHATC/B7FXQ8/B7FXQ8-uniprot.txt: "ID B7FXQ8_PHATC Unreviewed; 163 AA. ... DR InterPro; IPR002068; A-crystallin/Hsp20_dom. ... DR InterPro; IPR008978; HSP20-like_chaperone. ... DR InterPro; IPR031107; Small_HSP. ... FT DOMAIN 47..155 ... FT /note="SHSP""
  • PMID:29983375: "Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are molecular chaperones that bind partially and globally unfolded states of their client proteins. ... the archaeal Hsp16.5, which forms ordered and symmetric 24-subunit oligomers"

Deep Research

Falcon

(B7FXQ8-deep-research-falcon.md)

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OpenScientist

(B7FXQ8-hypotheses/core-function-1-go-0051082/openscientist.md)

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OpenScientist

(B7FXQ8-hypotheses/prediction-salt-and-peroxide-stress/openscientist.md)

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πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(B7FXQ8-notes.md)

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Bioinformatics Results

(RESULTS.md)

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