PA4332 (SadC) is an integral inner-membrane diguanylate cyclase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with six transmembrane helices and a cytoplasmic C-terminal GGDEF domain that synthesises cyclic di-GMP. With the phosphodiesterase BifA it sets the c-di-GMP level that governs the switch from swarming to surface attachment. SadC promotes stable attachment, exopolysaccharide (Pel) production and biofilm formation, and represses swarming by altering flagellar reversals. Its partners include the c-di-GMP binding methyltransferase WarA, which links SadC signalling to lipopolysaccharide O-antigen modification.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005515 protein binding | EXP PMID:28263305 Cyclic-di-GMP regulates lipopolysaccharide modification and ... | REMOVE | Summary: SadC interacts with the methyltransferase WarA. Reason: Bare protein binding is uninformative (protein-binding policy). The interaction is not in doubt, but no specific binding function of SadC is established. Supporting Evidence: PMID:28263305 Here, we identify an unrecognized SadC partner, WarA |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: IBA from PTN002895351 (E. coli transmembrane DGC seeds). SadC has six TM helices and fractionates with the inner membrane. Reason: Correct for SadC. The node-level PM defect (recorded on wspR) concerns soluble members of the clade, not SadC. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17586642 SadC (PA4332), an inner membrane-localized diguanylate cyclase file:PSEAE/PA4332/PA4332-notes.md We found that SadC-His can be detected in the inner membrane but not the cytoplasmic fraction, in agreement with the computer prediction |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Mapped from the UniProt location "Cell inner membrane". Reason: Consistent with the TM helices and fractionation data. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17586642 SadC (PA4332), an inner membrane-localized diguanylate cyclase |
| GO:0043709 cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | MODIFY | Summary: IBA from PTN002895351 with E. coli DgcZ as sole seed (itself IMP, acts_upstream_of_or_within). For SadC, the deletion fails to attach stably, which shows that SadC promotes adhesion through c-di-GMP rather than carrying it out. Reason: Regulatory role, not adhesion itself. The node-level GO_CENTRAL defect is recorded once, on wspR. Propagation Review Root cause: TERM SCOPING PROBLEM Failure modes: ROLE CONFLATION Sources checked: UniProtKB:P31129 Β· E. coli DgcZ (sole seed) SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED Seed annotation is IMP with qualifier acts_upstream_of_or_within (PMID:19460094). Proposed replacements: positive regulation of cell adhesion involved in single-species biofilm formation Supporting Evidence: file:PSEAE/PA4332/PA4332-notes.md These data indicate that the Ξ sadC mutant is defective in forming a stable association with the substratum compared to its parental strain. |
| GO:0044010 single-species biofilm formation | IMP PMID:17586642 SadC reciprocally influences biofilm formation and swarming ... | MODIFY | Summary: PseudoCAP IMP. The deletion is biofilm-defective and multicopy sadC promotes sessility; SadC acts through c-di-GMP on EPS production and flagellar reversals. Reason: A DGC controls biofilm formation through its second messenger; the regulation term fits the evidence and is already asserted (GO:1900192). Proposed replacements: positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation Supporting Evidence: PMID:17586642 Deletion of the sadC gene results in a strain that is defective in biofilm formation and a hyperswarmer, while multicopy expression of this gene promotes sessility. |
| GO:0052621 diguanylate cyclase activity | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: IBA from the PTN002895344 IBD (19 seeds, including SadC itself, which is expected). The IBD stands on many independent seeds. Reason: Core activity. Supporting Evidence: file:PSEAE/PA4332/PA4332-notes.md In an in vitro DGC assay, we also found that a chimera protein containing the GGDEF domain of SadC is able to generate c-di-GMP |
| GO:0052621 diguanylate cyclase activity | IDA PMID:17586642 SadC reciprocally influences biofilm formation and swarming ... | ACCEPT | Summary: PseudoCAP seed row. Full text read on PMC: a chimera carrying the SadC GGDEF domain makes c-di-GMP in vitro, and overexpression raises cellular c-di-GMP about 10-fold. Seed verdict SOUND. Reason: Direct in vitro activity of the SadC catalytic domain. Supporting Evidence: file:PSEAE/PA4332/PA4332-notes.md In an in vitro DGC assay, we also found that a chimera protein containing the GGDEF domain of SadC is able to generate c-di-GMP |
| GO:0052621 diguanylate cyclase activity | IEA GO_REF:0000003 | ACCEPT | Summary: EC 2.7.7.65 mapping. Reason: Consistent with the IDA row. Supporting Evidence: file:PSEAE/PA4332/PA4332-notes.md In an in vitro DGC assay, we also found that a chimera protein containing the GGDEF domain of SadC is able to generate c-di-GMP |
| GO:0071978 bacterial-type flagellum-dependent swarming motility | IMP PMID:17586642 SadC reciprocally influences biofilm formation and swarming ... | MODIFY | Summary: PseudoCAP IMP. The sadC deletion hyperswarms and multicopy sadC reduces swarming, so SadC represses swarming; it is not part of the swarming machinery. Reason: Sign correction. GO has no negative regulation of swarming motility term, so the replacement is GO:1902201, which the gene already carries by IBA. Proposed replacements: negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility Supporting Evidence: PMID:17586642 Deletion of the sadC gene results in a strain that is defective in biofilm formation and a hyperswarmer, while multicopy expression of this gene promotes sessility. |
| GO:1900192 positive regulation of single-species biofilm formation | IDA PMID:26991003 Synergistic interaction of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehyd... | ACCEPT | Summary: PseudoCAP IDA citing an arsenate-resistance paper (GAPDH and ArsJ) that does not mention SadC. The term itself is correct for SadC (PMID:17586642). Reason: The claim is true and is the gene's main process role, so it is kept; the reference is wrong and a source defect is recorded. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17586642 Deletion of the sadC gene results in a strain that is defective in biofilm formation and a hyperswarmer, while multicopy expression of this gene promotes sessility. |
| GO:1902201 negative regulation of bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: IBA from PTN002895351; gene-level support from the hyperswarming sadC deletion. Reason: SadC c-di-GMP represses swarming via flagellar function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17586642 Deletion of the sadC gene results in a strain that is defective in biofilm formation and a hyperswarmer, while multicopy expression of this gene promotes sessility. |
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