betC

UniProt ID: Q88RQ2
Organism: Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

BetC is a choline sulfatase that hydrolyzes choline-O-sulfate to choline, sulfate, and a proton. In Pseudomonas putida KT2440 it supports use of choline-O-sulfate as a carbon or nitrogen source; unlike BetA/BetB-mediated glycine-betaine production, its principal role is choline-O-sulfate metabolism rather than osmoprotection.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000118
UNDECIDED
Summary: Intact COS accumulation supports uptake before BetC-dependent metabolism, but does not resolve the enzyme compartment.
Reason: The existing TreeGrafter cytoplasm inference is plausible and is not contradicted. KT2440 provides stronger target physiology than the other BetC comparators: the betC mutant still accumulates intact COS while failing to use it as carbon or nitrogen source (PMID:17116241). This favors uptake before BetC-dependent hydrolysis, but the accessible abstract does not identify a compartment-resolving assay or locate the enzyme. Accumulation alone does not discriminate cytoplasmic enzyme activity from another cell compartment. Choline-sulfatase family membership supports the chemistry, not the side of the membrane where it occurs. With full experimental localization evidence unavailable, retain this original row as UNDECIDED and omit a core location; the supported molecular function is unchanged.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17116241
This mutant still accumulated intact COS but failed to use this compound as carbon or nitrogen source.
file:PSEPK/betC/betC-uniprot.txt
InterPro; IPR017785; Choline-sulfatase.
GO:0008484 sulfuric ester hydrolase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000118
MODIFY
Summary: Correct but general parent of the choline-sulfatase activity this gene already carries.
Reason: BetC hydrolyzes a sulfate ester, so the TreeGrafter term is true, but the choline-sulfatase family signatures, the KT2440 betC phenotype and the direct biochemistry of the Sinorhizobium ortholog support the specific child term choline-sulfatase activity (GO:0047753), already accepted on this gene. Treated the same way as the S. meliloti ortholog O69787.
Proposed replacements: choline-sulfatase activity
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/betC/betC-uniprot.txt
InterPro; IPR000917; Sulfatase_N.
PMID:9736747
a new gene (betC) was identified as encoding a choline sulfatase catalyzing the conversion of choline-O-sulfate and, at a lower rate, phosphorylcholine, into choline.
GO:0047753 choline-sulfatase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000003
ACCEPT
Summary: Accept exact choline-sulfatase activity as the core molecular function.
Reason: KT2440 betC loss prevents use of accumulated choline-O-sulfate as carbon or nitrogen source, and Q88RQ2 carries specific choline-sulfatase family signatures. Recombinant 1021/O69787 biochemistry supplies comparative evidence for this reaction. Together these support the target activity without claiming isolated Q88RQ2 kinetics, transferring phosphorylcholine activity, or identifying the COS importer.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/betC/betC-uniprot.txt
InterPro; IPR017785; Choline-sulfatase.
PMID:17116241
This mutant still accumulated intact COS but failed to use this compound as carbon or nitrogen source.
PMID:9736747
a new gene (betC) was identified as encoding a choline sulfatase catalyzing the conversion of choline-O-sulfate and, at a lower rate, phosphorylcholine, into choline.
PMID:29458126
Sinorhizobium meliloti choline sulfatase (SmCS) efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of alkyl sulfate choline-O-sulfate

Core Functions

Choline sulfatase that hydrolyzes choline-O-sulfate to choline, sulfate, and a proton, enabling metabolic utilization of choline-O-sulfate.

Molecular Function:
choline-sulfatase activity
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:PSEPK/betC/betC-uniprot.txt
    InterPro; IPR017785; Choline-sulfatase.
  • PMID:17116241
    This mutant still accumulated intact COS but failed to use this compound as carbon or nitrogen source.
  • PMID:9736747
    a new gene (betC) was identified as encoding a choline sulfatase catalyzing the conversion of choline-O-sulfate and, at a lower rate, phosphorylcholine, into choline.
  • PMID:29458126
    Sinorhizobium meliloti choline sulfatase (SmCS) efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of alkyl sulfate choline-O-sulfate

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: What are the kinetic parameters and in vivo contributions of KT2440 BetC for choline-O-sulfate versus phosphorylcholine?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Purify Q88RQ2 and quantify choline-O-sulfate and phosphorylcholine hydrolysis, then compare metabolite flux and growth in clean betC deletion and complementation strains under carbon-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-source conditions.

Deep Research

OpenScientist

(betC-deep-research-openscientist.md)

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πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(betC-notes.md)

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