gltX

UniProt ID: Q88LF6
Organism: Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

GltX is a cytosolic class-I glutamyl-tRNA synthetase that activates glutamate with ATP and attaches it to tRNA(Glu) for translation. Its conserved catalytic architecture includes the HIGH and KMSKS regions. Its putative zinc-binding region differs at two positions from the characterized E. coli and P. aeruginosa canonical coordination sites.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0000049 tRNA binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: gltX recognizes the tRNA substrate as an integral enzymatic role.
Reason: Curated tRNA substrate recognition and the conserved binding/catalytic architecture support this core capability. Its co-occurrence with ligase activity is not grounds for marking it peripheral.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two- step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu). {ECO:0000255|HAMAP- Rule:MF_00022}.
GO:0000166 nucleotide binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: gltX binds ATP as part of its aminoacylation machinery.
Reason: Nucleotide binding is true but broad. The curated glutamate reaction and relevant subunit architecture support the more specific ATP-binding claim; this is integral substrate recognition, not a peripheral role.
Proposed replacements: ATP binding
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Reaction=tRNA(Glu) + L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + AMP + diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:23540, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9663, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:9680, ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:78442, ChEBI:CHEBI:78520, ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; EC=6.1.1.17; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00022};
GO:0004812 aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
MODIFY
Summary: gltX has a defined role in the substrate-specific catalytic reaction.
Reason: Refine the broad activity to the supported glutamate-tRNA ligase activity. The exact KT2440 curated family/rule assignment supports function by homology, not a purified-target experiment.
Proposed replacements: glutamate-tRNA ligase activity
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Reaction=tRNA(Glu) + L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + AMP + diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:23540, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9663, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:9680, ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:78442, ChEBI:CHEBI:78520, ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; EC=6.1.1.17; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00022};
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 1 subfamily. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP- Rule:MF_00022}.
GO:0004818 glutamate-tRNA ligase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: gltX supports its substrate-specific tRNA-ligase activity.
Reason: The exact native protein has the corresponding curated HAMAP family/domain and reaction assignment. This supports conserved catalytic capability by homology, not direct KT2440 purification.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Reaction=tRNA(Glu) + L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + AMP + diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:23540, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9663, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:9680, ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:78442, ChEBI:CHEBI:78520, ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; EC=6.1.1.17; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00022};
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 1 subfamily. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP- Rule:MF_00022}.
GO:0005524 ATP binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: gltX contributes integral ATP recognition to its enzymatic reaction.
Reason: ATP binding is an integral biochemical property, not a non-core activity merely because it is binding. The curated reaction/architecture supports it by homology for KT2440.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Reaction=tRNA(Glu) + L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + AMP + diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:23540, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9663, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:9680, ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:78442, ChEBI:CHEBI:78520, ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; EC=6.1.1.17; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00022};
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
MODIFY
Summary: gltX acts in the soluble intracellular tRNA-processing system.
Reason: The soluble intracellular synthetase acts on cellular tRNAs; refine cytoplasm to the already retained cytosol term. This is a conserved biochemical/localization inference, not native microscopy.
Proposed replacements: cytosol
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Cytoplasm {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00022}.
GO:0005829 cytosol
IEA
GO_REF:0000118
ACCEPT
Summary: gltX acts in the bacterial cytosol.
Reason: The conserved soluble enzyme architecture and curated intracellular localization support this core location. Direct KT2440 imaging is not claimed; lack of such an experiment does not make the supported core location peripheral.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Cytoplasm {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00022}.
GO:0006418 tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: gltX directly supplies aminoacyl-tRNA for protein translation.
Reason: The curated glutamate–tRNA reaction forms the amino-acid–tRNA ester bond used in translation. This is the current process term, not overannotation merely because a former substrate-specific BP was more detailed.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Reaction=tRNA(Glu) + L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + AMP + diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:23540, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9663, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:9680, ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:78442, ChEBI:CHEBI:78520, ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; EC=6.1.1.17; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00022};
GO:0006424 glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
MODIFY
Summary: gltX contributes to translational tRNA aminoacylation; the old substrate-specific BP is obsolete.
Reason: Current QuickGO marks this substrate-specific process obsolete because it restates a molecular function. Preserve the original GOA term while replacing it with GO:0006418; retain substrate specificity in the supported ligase molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two- step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu). {ECO:0000255|HAMAP- Rule:MF_00022}.
GO:0008270 zinc ion binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
UNDECIDED
Summary: KT2440 GltX loses canonical zinc ligands, but native binding remains unresolved.
Reason: The reproduced three-protein alignment maps E. coli C98/C100/C125/H127 and PAO1 C107/C109/C134/H136 to KT2440 C107/C109/A134/L136. Thus the actual three-cysteine/one-histidine site has lost its last two ligands. This establishes divergence of the canonical site, not a negative native zinc-binding assay. Full PMID:25686371 separates zinc occupancy, transplanted-domain binding and catalytic requirement; alternative coordination motifs exist. No native KT2440 metal-content or affinity measurement was found, so the broader zinc-binding claim remains unresolved rather than categorically excluded.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-bioinformatics/RESULTS.md
The primary E. coli ligands C98/C100/C125/H127 map to KT2440 C107/C109/A134/L136.
GO:0043039 tRNA aminoacylation
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: gltX performs a defined chemical step supplying translation substrates.
Reason: gltX directly participates in ATP-dependent glutamate attachment to tRNA for protein translation. Use the precise translational charging process rather than the broader parent; do not retain obsolete substrate-specific BP terms.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
Reaction=tRNA(Glu) + L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + AMP + diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:23540, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9663, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:9680, ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:78442, ChEBI:CHEBI:78520, ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; EC=6.1.1.17; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00022};

Core Functions

Attaches glutamate to tRNA(Glu) using ATP.

Cellular Locations:
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
    Reaction=tRNA(Glu) + L-glutamate + ATP = L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + AMP + diphosphate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:23540, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:9663, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:9680, ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:78442, ChEBI:CHEBI:78520, ChEBI:CHEBI:456215; EC=6.1.1.17; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00022};
  • file:PSEPK/gltX/gltX-uniprot.txt
    Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 1 subfamily. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP- Rule:MF_00022}.

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Does native KT2440 GltX bind zinc despite divergence of its canonical ligand site?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Measure metal occupancy and binding affinity of purified native GltX with appropriate metal-depletion controls, retaining glutamylation activity measurements to distinguish binding from catalytic requirement.

πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(gltX-notes.md)

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Bioinformatics Results

(RESULTS.md)

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