murU

UniProt ID: Q88QT2
Organism: Pseudomonas putida (strain ATCC 47054 / DSM 6125 / CFBP 8728 / NCIMB 11950 / KT2440)
Review Status: DRAFT
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Gene Description

murU encodes N-acetylmuramate alpha-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, an enzyme in the P. putida KT2440 peptidoglycan recycling shortcut. It converts MurNAc-alpha-1-phosphate and UTP to UDP-MurNAc, supplying a cell-wall precursor through a recycling route that bypasses de novo UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis and contributes to intrinsic fosfomycin resistance.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0016779 nucleotidyltransferase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MODIFY
Summary: This parent nucleotidyltransferase term is directionally correct but less informative than the retained uridylyltransferase activity.
Reason: GO:0070569 is the specific child term for the MurU reaction. Falcon deep research confirms MurU is specifically a uridylyltransferase that generates UDP-MurNAc, so the generic nucleotidyltransferase parent is less informative.
Proposed replacements: uridylyltransferase activity
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
RecName: Full=N-acetylmuramate alpha-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-deep-research-falcon.md
In the retrieved literature corpus, β€œMurU” is consistently used for the **MurNAc (N-acetylmuramic acid) salvage/recycling uridylyltransferase** that generates UDP-MurNAc downstream of an anomeric MurNAc kinase (AmgK).
GO:0009254 peptidoglycan turnover
IEA
GO_REF:0000041
ACCEPT
Summary: MurU acts in the peptidoglycan recycling shortcut that generates UDP-MurNAc from recycled MurNAc.
Reason: This pathway role is directly supported by the mutant and biochemical evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
PATHWAY: Cell wall biogenesis; peptidoglycan recycling.
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
peptidoglycan recycling as part of a cell wall recycling pathway
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-deep-research-falcon.md
The MurU salvage route is biologically important because it provides an **alternate route to UDP-MurNAc** that can **bypass dependence on the de novo MurA/MurB steps** under conditions where de novo synthesis is impaired (e.g., MurA inhibition by fosfomycin), a point emphasized in the labeling-and-rescue framework.
GO:0000287 magnesium ion binding
IDA
PMID:25767118
Crystal Structure of the N-Acetylmuramic Acid Ξ±-1-Phosphate ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Magnesium is a supported cofactor for the uridylyltransferase reaction, but ion binding is ancillary to the catalytic function.
Reason: Retain as non-core cofactor binding.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420;
GO:0002134 UTP binding
IDA
PMID:25767118
Crystal Structure of the N-Acetylmuramic Acid Ξ±-1-Phosphate ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: UTP binding is expected and experimentally supported for this uridylyltransferase, but the biological function is the transferase reaction.
Reason: Retain as substrate/co-substrate binding, not as a core function summary.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
Cannot accept other nucleotide triphosphates (ATP,
GO:0009254 peptidoglycan turnover
IMP
PMID:23831760
A cell wall recycling shortcut that bypasses peptidoglycan d...
ACCEPT
Summary: MurU acts in the peptidoglycan recycling shortcut that generates UDP-MurNAc from recycled MurNAc.
Reason: This pathway role is directly supported by the mutant and biochemical evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
PATHWAY: Cell wall biogenesis; peptidoglycan recycling.
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
peptidoglycan recycling as part of a cell wall recycling pathway
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-deep-research-falcon.md
The MurU salvage route is biologically important because it provides an **alternate route to UDP-MurNAc** that can **bypass dependence on the de novo MurA/MurB steps** under conditions where de novo synthesis is impaired (e.g., MurA inhibition by fosfomycin), a point emphasized in the labeling-and-rescue framework.
GO:0070569 uridylyltransferase activity
IDA
PMID:23831760
A cell wall recycling shortcut that bypasses peptidoglycan d...
ACCEPT
Summary: MurU directly catalyzes uridylyl transfer from UTP to MurNAc-alpha-1-phosphate, so this is the core molecular function.
Reason: The term captures the experimentally supported EC 2.7.7.99 activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
EC=2.7.7.99
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
Reaction=N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate 1-phosphate + UDP + H(+) = UDP-N-
GO:0070569 uridylyltransferase activity
IDA
PMID:25767118
Crystal Structure of the N-Acetylmuramic Acid Ξ±-1-Phosphate ...
ACCEPT
Summary: MurU directly catalyzes uridylyl transfer from UTP to MurNAc-alpha-1-phosphate, so this is the core molecular function.
Reason: The term captures the experimentally supported EC 2.7.7.99 activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
EC=2.7.7.99
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
Reaction=N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate 1-phosphate + UDP + H(+) = UDP-N-
GO:0097172 N-acetylmuramic acid metabolic process
IMP
PMID:23831760
A cell wall recycling shortcut that bypasses peptidoglycan d...
ACCEPT
Summary: The enzyme directly metabolizes an N-acetylmuramic acid derivative in the recycling route.
Reason: MurU catalyzes conversion of MurNAc-alpha-1-phosphate to UDP-MurNAc.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
Catalyzes the formation of UDP-N-acetylmuramate (UDP-MurNAc),
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
a crucial precursor of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall, from UTP
GO:0097367 carbohydrate derivative binding
IDA
PMID:25767118
Crystal Structure of the N-Acetylmuramic Acid Ξ±-1-Phosphate ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: MurU binds carbohydrate-derived MurNAc-alpha-1-phosphate as substrate; the binding term is valid but less informative than the reaction term.
Reason: Retain as non-core substrate binding.
Supporting Evidence:
file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
MurNAc-alpha-1P (PubMed:23831760, PubMed:25767118).

Core Functions

MurU catalyzes UTP-dependent formation of UDP-MurNAc from MurNAc-alpha-1-phosphate in a peptidoglycan recycling shortcut, supplying a cell-wall precursor and contributing to bypass of de novo UDP-MurNAc biosynthesis.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
    Catalyzes the formation of UDP-N-acetylmuramate (UDP-MurNAc),
  • file:PSEPK/murU/murU-uniprot.txt
    PATHWAY: Cell wall biogenesis; peptidoglycan recycling.
  • PMID:23831760
    The anomeric sugar kinase AmgK and the MurNAc Ξ±-1-phosphate uridylyl
  • file:PSEPK/murU/murU-deep-research-falcon.md
    **murU (Q88QT2; PP_0406) encodes a cytosolic N-acetylmuramate-Ξ±-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (MurU; EC 2.7.7.99) that converts MurNAc-1-phosphate to UDP-MurNAc in the MurNAc salvage (MurU shunt) arm of peptidoglycan recycling, acting downstream of AmgK and upstream of MurC–MurF to regenerate PG precursors; the P. putida AmgK/MurU system shows experimentally demonstrated promiscuity toward several MurNAc analogs enabling metabolic labeling and probe generation.**

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Under which environmental conditions does MurU-dependent MurNAc salvage materially contribute to peptidoglycan precursor supply or fosfomycin tolerance in KT2440?

Suggested experts: Bacterial cell-wall recycling experts

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Compare wild type, murU deletion, and complemented strains for growth on exogenous MurNAc, UDP-MurNAc pool sizes, and fosfomycin sensitivity with and without MurNAc supplementation.

Type: cell-wall precursor metabolomics and antibiotic sensitivity assay

Deep Research

Falcon

(murU-deep-research-falcon.md)

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