alo1

UniProt ID: Q9HDX8
Organism: Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

alo1 encodes a predicted mitochondrial membrane, FAD-linked aldonolactone oxidoreductase in the ALO/GULO family. Its PCMH-type FAD-binding domains include His61, a residue inferred by homology to form covalent histidyl-FAD, and its conserved fold supports oxygen-dependent oxidation of CH-OH groups in aldonolactone substrates. Characterized budding-yeast ALO can oxidize D-arabinono-, L-gulono-, and L-galactono-1,4-lactones, but the exact native substrate and biological pathway remain unresolved in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005739 mitochondrion
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The PAINT mitochondrion placement is appropriate for the S. pombe fungal ALO1-family protein.
Reason: The PTHR43762 PAINT cache places a mitochondrial IBD on fungal node PTN001015900, seeded by the budding-yeast and Candida ALO1 proteins. S. pombe alo1 descends from this fungal branch, and PomBase also has target-local high-throughput localization evidence for mitochondrion, so the broad mitochondrial component is valid even though the exact fission-yeast enzymatic substrate is not established.
Propagation Review
Root cause: NO FAILURE NON CORE
Sources checked:
PANTHER:PTN001015900 Β· PTN001015900 SUPPORTS TRANSFER
The PAINT IBD for GO:0005739 is placed on the fungal ALO1-family node and is seeded by SGD and CGD ALO1 annotations.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16823372
we determined the localization of 4,431 proteins, corresponding to approximately 90% of the fission yeast proteome
GO:0016020 membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
TOO GENERAL
Summary: The InterPro membrane row is true but very broad.
Reason: The ALO_C domain is found in membrane-associated sugar-lactone oxidases, and S. pombe alo1 is already assigned to mitochondrial membrane and mitochondrial outer membrane by more informative rows. This generic membrane parent can be kept as a non-core location assertion.
GO:0016899 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: The FAD lactone-oxidase InterPro mapping supports the current broad aldonolactone oxidase activity.
Reason: This InterPro row assigns the same molecular-function class that PomBase retained by IGC: an oxidoreductase acting on CH-OH donors with oxygen as acceptor. It is intentionally less specific than D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase activity, which PomBase negates and current PAINT does not propagate to S. pombe alo1.
GO:0031966 mitochondrial membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
TOO GENERAL
Summary: The UniProt SubCell mapping to mitochondrial membrane is consistent with the more specific PomBase outer-membrane assignment.
Reason: Mitochondrial membrane is a true but generic parent of the mitochondrial outer-membrane row transferred by PomBase from the budding-yeast ortholog. Retaining this row as non-core preserves the electronic UniProt location without overstating its precision.
GO:0050660 flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: alo1 carries the conserved FAD-binding domains of covalent flavoprotein oxidases.
Reason: InterPro detects the FAD-binding PCMH-type fold in Q9HDX8, and the UniProt record annotates the corresponding conserved histidyl-FAD site. FAD binding is a correct cofactor-binding assertion but subordinate to the broader oxidoreductase activity.
GO:0071949 FAD binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The PCMH-type domain supports FAD binding by alo1.
Reason: This InterPro mapping recognizes the FAD-binding PCMH domain in the protein. It is less informative than the enzyme-class annotation but is a valid cofactor-binding parent for a FAD-linked oxidoreductase.
GO:0005739 mitochondrion
HDA
PMID:16823372
ORFeome cloning and global analysis of protein localization ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The ORFeome localization screen places alo1 in the mitochondrion.
Reason: The cached abstract describes a fission-yeast ORFeome YFP localization resource covering roughly 90% of proteins but does not list alo1 individually. The row is retained as PomBase curator-extracted high-throughput evidence and as broad support for the ISO mitochondrial outer-membrane assignment.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16823372
we determined the localization of 4,431 proteins, corresponding to approximately 90% of the fission yeast proteome
GO:0005741 mitochondrial outer membrane
ISO
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: PomBase transfers mitochondrial outer-membrane localization from the budding-yeast ortholog.
Reason: The SGD donor is an experimentally characterized ALO1 protein at the mitochondrial outer membrane. This orthology transfer is compatible with the broad S. pombe ORFeome mitochondrion row and with the fungal PAINT mitochondrion placement.
GO:0003885 D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase activity
IGC NOT
GO_REF:0000025
ACCEPT
Summary: PomBase negates the exact budding-yeast D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase activity for S. pombe alo1.
Reason: Accept this NOT row by deference to PomBase's source-specific genomic-context assertion rather than treating absent PAINT propagation as direct evidence of absence. PAINT no longer propagates exact GO:0003885 activity to S. pombe: Q9HDX8 receives only the broad PTN000356408 oxidoreductase IBA, while the exact fungal GO:0003885 assertion is placed on PTN000356435 and no longer appears in the current alo1 GOA file. The UniProt Q9HDX8 record still asserts EC 1.1.3.37 and RHEA:23756 by homology, so the visible sources conflict; the PomBase NOT row is retained as the more conservative MOD curation while the deprecated GO_REF:0000025 IGC basis is flagged for curator follow-up.
GO:0008150 biological_process
ND
GO_REF:0000015
ACCEPT
Summary: PomBase currently has no positive biological-process annotation for alo1.
Reason: The stale positive ISO to dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone biosynthesis has disappeared from the current GOA export, and PomBase now carries a NOT IGC row against that exact process. The ND biological-process root is therefore an appropriate placeholder for the absence of a known S. pombe process.
Supporting Evidence:
file:SCHPO/alo1/alo1-deep-research-falcon.md
no primary experimental paper directly characterizing the S. pombe SPAPB1A10.12c/Q9HDX8 protein
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
TOO GENERAL
Summary: The PAINT oxidoreductase node is valid but intentionally broad for the mixed aldonolactone oxidoreductase family.
Reason: PTN000356408 sits above plant, animal, bacterial, and fungal descendants whose aldonolactone oxidoreductase substrates and products differ. PAINT correctly uses the generic GO:0016491 term at this depth; it is a safe parent activity for S. pombe alo1, but the more informative current positive activity is GO:0016899.
Propagation Review
Root cause: NO FAILURE NON CORE
Sources checked:
PANTHER:PTN000356408 Β· PTN000356408 SUPPORTS TRANSFER
PAINT places only broad oxidoreductase activity on this mixed eukaryotic/bacterial node; exact fungal GO:0003885 activity is not propagated from this node to S. pombe.
GO:0016491 oxidoreductase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
TOO GENERAL
Summary: The ARBA activity assertion is a true but generic parent of the retained aldonolactone oxidoreductase class.
Reason: A broad oxidoreductase activity is correct for the predicted FAD-linked alo1 enzyme, but GO:0016491 is less informative than the positive GO:0016899 assertions and should not be read as evidence for a resolved D-arabinono-1,4-lactone substrate.
GO:0016899 oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
IGC
GO_REF:0000025
ACCEPT
Summary: PomBase's genomic-context assertion captures the supported oxygen-dependent CH-OH oxidoreductase class.
Reason: PomBase retained the oxygen-dependent CH-OH oxidoreductase parent while negating the exact D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase substrate. This is the best current molecular-function assertion for fission-yeast alo1: an aldonolactone oxidase-class FAD enzyme whose precise native substrate is unresolved.
GO:0070485 dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone biosynthetic process
IGC NOT
GO_REF:0000025
ACCEPT
Summary: PomBase negates direct transfer of the budding-yeast D-erythroascorbate biosynthetic process to S. pombe alo1.
Reason: Accept this NOT row by deference to PomBase's source-specific genomic-context assertion rather than treating absent PAINT propagation as direct evidence of absence. The old positive ISO row for this exact D-erythroascorbate process is stale and absent from the current GOA export; the current PAINT file places exact GO:0003885 activity on the narrower PTN000356435 node that S. pombe does not descend from. The PTN001015900 IRD for GO:0019853 only prunes an L-ascorbic-acid process seeded by plant, animal and bacterial donors, so it should not be read as evidence against fungal D-erythroascorbate biosynthesis. The visible GO_REF:0000025 basis for this PomBase IGC row is deprecated and operon-specific, so the negation is retained conservatively while its exact genomic-context evidence is flagged for curator follow-up.

Core Functions

Predicted mitochondrial FAD-linked aldonolactone oxidoreductase activity; the exact native substrate and pathway remain unresolved in fission yeast.

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: What aldonolactone substrate does S. pombe Alo1 oxidize in vivo?

Q: Does S. pombe Alo1 support an ascorbate-like antioxidant pathway distinct from budding-yeast D-erythroascorbate biosynthesis?

Q: What genomic-context evidence underlies the PomBase NOT rows for D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase activity and dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone biosynthesis, and should those IGC rows be remapped away from the deprecated operon-structure GO_REF?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Purify recombinant S. pombe Alo1 and measure FAD-dependent oxidation of D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, L-gulono-1,4-lactone, L-galactono-1,4-lactone, and related aldonolactones by LC-MS product detection.

Experiment: Delete alo1 and quantify intracellular D-erythroascorbate or alternative ascorbate-like metabolites under basal and oxidative-stress conditions.

Experiment: Image endogenously tagged Alo1 with mitochondrial outer-membrane and matrix markers to confirm its submitochondrial localization in S. pombe.

Deep Research

Alt

(alo1-deep-research-alt.md)

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Falcon

(alo1-deep-research-falcon.md)

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Deep Research Report: alo1 (pombe)

(alo1-deep-research.md)

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OpenScientist

(alo1-hypotheses/prediction-gulonolactone-oxidase/openscientist.md)

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πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(alo1-notes.md)

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Bioreason Rl Predictions

(alo1-bioreason-rl-predictions.md)

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Bioreason Rl Review

(alo1-bioreason-rl-review.md)

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πŸ“„ View Raw YAML

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