A0A3B6RKV1

UniProt ID: A0A3B6RKV1
Organism: Triticum aestivum
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

A0A3B6RKV1 (LOC123148885, TraesCS7A02G443400, chromosome 7A) encodes a 511-residue F-box/JmjC domain protein of bread wheat. It belongs to PANTHER subfamily PTHR12480:SF21 (the JMJD8-related subfamily of the JMJD4/JMJD6/JMJD8 JmjC oxygenase family), which it shares with Arabidopsis JMJ22 (At5g06550) and animal JMJD8. Its closest characterised relative is Arabidopsis JMJ22, with which it shares the N-terminal F-box (residues 89-135) and C-terminal JmjC domain (residues 285-445; about 77% identity in the JmjC domain) and the Fe(II)-binding His330-Asp332-His413 triad. These features indicate an Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase. JMJ22 is a nuclear histone H4 arginine-3 (H4R3me2) demethylase that, redundantly with JMJ20, promotes light (phytochrome B)-induced seed germination by removing repressive H4R3me2 at gibberellin biosynthesis genes GA3ox1 and GA3ox2. The wheat protein is therefore expected to act in the nucleus as a JmjC demethylase, possibly of methylarginine on histones, but neither its activity, substrate, the role of its F-box, nor any developmental function has been tested experimentally. Homeologous copies are encoded on chromosomes 7B and 7D.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005634 nucleus
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: PAINT node PTN001753861 (PTHR12480 SF21 clade) carries an IBD for nucleus seeded by Arabidopsis JMJ22 (AT5G06550), Trypanosoma Q386V9 and human JMJD8 (Q96S16). The wheat protein is a same-subfamily plant ortholog of JMJ22, whose nuclear localization was shown directly (UniProt Swiss-Prot, ECO:0000269 PubMed:22483719). The human donor JMJD8 is now curated by UniProt as ER-lumenal/cytoplasmic, so the deep node placement may be broader than warranted for animals, but for the plant F-box/JmjC branch, which includes the wheat target, nucleus is well supported.
Reason: Target sits inside the plant JMJ22 branch of the SF21 clade, and the nearest donor (JMJ22) has direct experimental nuclear localization; a chromatin-acting JmjC enzyme is expected to be nuclear.
Supporting Evidence:
file:WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-bioinformatics/Q67XX3-JMJ22-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22483719}.
file:WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-bioinformatics/RESULTS-rereview.md
A0A3B6RKV1, Arabidopsis JMJ22 (Q67XX3, At5g06550) and human JMJD8 (Q96S16) are all
GO:0000987 cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
UNDECIDED
Summary: This IBA rests on a single donor, an IDA by TAIR for Arabidopsis JMJ22 from Cho et al. 2012 (PMID:22483719), placed at the eukaryote-level node PTN001753861. Only the abstract of that paper is cached. The abstract reports that SOMNUS, a zinc-finger protein, directly represses JMJ20/JMJ22, and that JMJ20/JMJ22 remove histone arginine methylation at GA3ox1/GA3ox2. The DNA-binding assay that underlies the TAIR IDA cannot be identified from the abstract, and it could have been the SOMNUS-promoter EMSA. JMJ22 was also recovered as a promoter-binding protein in an Arabidopsis yeast one-hybrid screen (PMID:25533953, GO:0000976 IPI). JmjC demethylases are usually recruited to loci by other factors and have no known sequence-specific DNA-binding domain, and the wheat protein has no recognisable DNA-binding domain apart from the F-box and JmjC domain. The annotation is therefore neither confirmed nor refuted.
Reason: The donor experimental annotation cannot be checked against full text, and the function is atypical for a JmjC/F-box protein without a DNA-binding domain. A curator-made IDA should not be overruled from an abstract, so this is left undecided rather than removed. The eukaryote-wide node placement on a single plant donor is also questionable, because animal JMJD8 is ER-lumenal.
Propagation Review
Root cause: UNRESOLVED
Sources checked:
PANTHER:PTN001753861 Β· PTN001753861 UNRESOLVED
Eukaryote-level SF21 node with a single donor for this term, the JMJ22 IDA from PMID:22483719, which is abstract-only in cache. The wheat target is inside the plant JMJ22 branch, so the open question is whether the donor annotation is sound, not whether the target inherits from it.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22483719
When PHYB is inactive, JMJ20/JMJ22 are directly repressed by the zinc-finger protein SOMNUS.
file:WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-bioinformatics/Q96S16-JMJD8-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: Electronic mapping of the UniProt subcellular-location statement (itself an ARBA prediction). The ARBA prediction is not independent evidence, but the same claim is supported by the IBA above and by direct nuclear localization of the same-subfamily ortholog JMJ22. The two rows agree.
Reason: Consistent with the accepted IBA row for the same term, which is grounded in the experimentally localized ortholog JMJ22.
Supporting Evidence:
file:WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-bioinformatics/Q67XX3-JMJ22-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22483719}.
GO:0046872 metal ion binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000104
MODIFY
Summary: The JmjC domain (PROSITE PS51184) coordinates a catalytic Fe(II) through an HxD...H triad. In the wheat protein all three ligands are conserved (His330, Asp332, His413, mapped by alignment from JMJ22 His324, Asp326, His407). JMJ22 is annotated by UniProt to bind one Fe(2+) per subunit. The term is correct but general, and the supported specific metal is ferrous iron. The earlier review's replacement (histone demethylase activity) changed the claim rather than refining it, and PAINT did not propagate the JMJ22 histone demethylase activity to this clade.
Reason: Correct but less specific than the evidence supports. The JmjC Fe(II) site is fully conserved, so the precise is_a descendant is ferrous iron binding.
Proposed replacements: ferrous iron binding
Supporting Evidence:
file:WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-bioinformatics/RESULTS-rereview.md
AtJMJ22 Fe(II) ligands H324, D326, H407 map to wheat H330, D332, H413 (all conserved).
file:WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-uniprot.txt
DR PROSITE; PS51184; JMJC; 1.
GO:0016706 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity
ISS
file:WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-bioinformatics/RESULTS-rereview.md
NEW
Summary: The protein has a complete JmjC domain with the Fe(II)-binding HxD...H triad (His330, Asp332, His413) conserved with its same-subfamily ortholog JMJ22, whose Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent methylarginine demethylase reaction is experimentally established. The general dioxygenase activity is the level that holds across the PTHR12480 family (JMJD4, JMJD6, JMJD8, JMJ22) without assuming a substrate.
Reason: Catalytic Fe(II)/2OG oxygenase activity is supported by conserved active-site residues and orthology to an enzyme with demonstrated 2OG-dependent activity. The substrate (histone H4R3me2 for JMJ22) is not asserted, because PAINT did not propagate JMJ22's histone demethylase activity and nothing has been tested for the wheat protein.
Supporting Evidence:
file:WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-bioinformatics/RESULTS-rereview.md
AtJMJ22 Fe(II) ligands H324, D326, H407 map to wheat H330, D332, H413 (all conserved).
file:WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-bioinformatics/Q67XX3-JMJ22-uniprot.txt
Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:22483719};

Core Functions

Nuclear Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent JmjC oxygenase of the plant F-box/JmjC (JMJ22-like) branch of PANTHER subfamily PTHR12480:SF21, with a fully conserved HxD...H iron-binding triad. By orthology to Arabidopsis JMJ22, the most likely activity is histone H4R3me2 arginine demethylation. That substrate-specific activity was not propagated by PAINT and has not been tested for the wheat protein, so it is not asserted here.

Cellular Locations:
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-bioinformatics/RESULTS-rereview.md
    AtJMJ22 Fe(II) ligands H324, D326, H407 map to wheat H330, D332, H413 (all conserved).
  • file:WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-bioinformatics/Q67XX3-JMJ22-uniprot.txt
    Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Arg-3' (H4R3me) of histone H4 with a specific activity for H4R3me2 (PubMed:22483719).
  • PMID:22483719
    the histone arginine demethylases, JMJ20 and JMJ22, act redundantly as positive regulators of seed germination

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Does the wheat JMJ22 ortholog demethylate H4R3me2 (or other methylarginine/lysine marks) in vitro, and is the activity shared by the 7A, 7B and 7D homeologs?

Q: What is the evidential basis of the TAIR IDA for GO:0000987 on JMJ22 in PMID:22483719, and is the PAINT placement of that term at eukaryote-level node PTN001753861 (which includes ER-lumenal animal JMJD8) appropriate?

Q: Does the F-box domain of plant JMJ22-like proteins assemble into SCF complexes, or is it a degenerate structural module?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Express recombinant A0A3B6RKV1 (wild type and H330A/H413A Fe-site mutants) and assay demethylation of H4R3me2 peptides and nucleosomes by mass spectrometry, with formaldehyde release as readout.

Experiment: Test whether the wheat gene complements the Arabidopsis jmj20 jmj22 double mutant's red-light seed germination defect.

Experiment: Co-immunoprecipitation with wheat SKP1/ASK homologs to test whether the F-box is functional.

External Prediction Reviews

These computational predictions are reviewed separately from the GOA annotation set used for this review. The assessments below are from this project and do not constitute official GO annotations or endorsement by GO/UniProt. They are not included in the existing annotation review above.

ProtNLM2 External predictions

View prediction review YAML Β· A0A3B6RKV1-protnlm-predictions-review.yaml Β· Review status: COMPLETE

ProtNLM2 emitted five biological-process terms for this wheat F-box/JmjC protein, all transferred from its closest characterised same-subfamily (PTHR12480:SF21) ortholog, Arabidopsis JMJ22. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a justified transfer of JMJ22's experimentally established chromatin role (COR). Gibberellin-mediated signalling is incorrect, because JMJ22 acts upstream of gibberellin biosynthesis rather than in hormone signalling (NPI). Regulation of photomorphogenesis, response to red light and positive regulation of seed germination depend on the Arabidopsis phytochrome B-SOMNUS germination circuit and remain untested in wheat (UNC).

Source documents: genes/WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-uniprot.txt Β· genes/WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-goa.tsv Β· genes/WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-ai-review.yaml Β· genes/ARATH/JMJ22/JMJ22-ai-review.yaml Β· interpro/panther/PTHR12480/PTHR12480-review.yaml Β· publications/PMID_22483719.md Β· publications/PMID_35962471.md Β· genes/WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-prediction-evidence/protnlm.json Β· genes/WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-prediction-evidence/Q67XX3-uniprot.txt Β· genes/WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-bioinformatics/RESULTS-rereview.md Β· genes/WHEAT/A0A3B6RKV1/A0A3B6RKV1-hypotheses/prediction-jmj22-developmental-roles/openscientist.md

Review score: 2 = concordant with evidence; 1 = uncertain; 0 = discordant with evidence. This is an assessment score, not a model probability.

GO:0010099 regulation of photomorphogenesis GO_BP
UNC β€” Uncertain Review score: 1/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: The target is in PANTHER subfamily PTHR12480:SF21 with Arabidopsis JMJ22 (Q67XX3), the reviewed protein named as the phmmer hit in the ProtNLM2 evidence record; the two share an F-box and JmjC domain, 62.6% global identity and the conserved Fe(II)-binding His330/Asp332/His413 triad. In Arabidopsis, the photomorphogenesis-related annotation of JMJ22 comes from the phytochrome B-controlled germination study, in which JMJ22 acts redundantly with the SF6 paralog JMJ20 and is regulated by the SOMNUS repressor (PMID:22483719); the JMJ22 review keeps this term as non-core. The wheat gene review asserts no light-regulated process, and a PubMed search found no functional study of the wheat protein or any cereal JMJ22 ortholog. Orthology supports a conserved nuclear JmjC oxygenase but does not establish that the wheat protein sits in an equivalent light-signalling circuit, so the term can be neither confirmed nor refuted. It is absent from the target's GOA annotations.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0010476 gibberellin mediated signaling pathway GO_BP
NPI β€” Nonparalog incorrect Review score: 0/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
CURATION MISTAKE
Review rationale: The target is in PANTHER subfamily PTHR12480:SF21 with Arabidopsis JMJ22 (Q67XX3), the reviewed protein named as the phmmer hit in the ProtNLM2 evidence record; the two share an F-box and JmjC domain, 62.6% global identity and the conserved Fe(II)-binding His330/Asp332/His413 triad. The only experimental basis for this term in the family is the JMJ22 IMP annotation, and the JMJ22 evidence places the protein upstream of gibberellin biosynthesis: JMJ22 removes H4R3me2 at GA3ox1/GA3ox2 and so raises gibberellin levels (PMID:22483719). That is regulation of hormone synthesis, not participation in gibberellin perception or signal transduction, and the reviewed JMJ22 record describes the role as triggering GA biosynthesis. The Arabidopsis JMJ22 gene review accordingly replaces this term with positive regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process. The prediction therefore transfers a mis-specified process from the ortholog; even if the wheat protein shares the JMJ22 role, gibberellin-mediated signalling is the wrong process. No wheat experiment addresses it, and the term is absent from the target's GOA annotations.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0040029 epigenetic regulation of gene expression GO_BP
COR β€” Correct novel prediction Review score: 2/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: The target is in PANTHER subfamily PTHR12480:SF21 with Arabidopsis JMJ22 (Q67XX3), the reviewed protein named as the phmmer hit in the ProtNLM2 evidence record; the two share an F-box and JmjC domain, 62.6% global identity and the conserved Fe(II)-binding His330/Asp332/His413 triad. JMJ22 is an experimentally characterised H4R3me2 arginine demethylase that activates GA3ox1/GA3ox2 expression by removing a repressive histone mark (PMID:22483719), and the JMJ22 gene review accepts epigenetic regulation of gene expression as its core process. Because the catalytic site and domain architecture are conserved in the closest same-subfamily ortholog, transfer of this broad chromatin-level process is a justified family inference, though not an observation on the wheat protein. The transfer has limits: the histone substrate has not been tested in wheat, the wheat gene review holds back from asserting a histone demethylase activity, and Arabidopsis JMJ22 also affects SAC51-family mRNA stability (PMID:35962471), so not every JMJ22 function is chromatin-based. The term is absent from the target's GOA annotations, which carry only nucleus, DNA binding and metal ion binding.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0010114 response to red light GO_BP
UNC β€” Uncertain Review score: 1/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: The target is in PANTHER subfamily PTHR12480:SF21 with Arabidopsis JMJ22 (Q67XX3), the reviewed protein named as the phmmer hit in the ProtNLM2 evidence record; the two share an F-box and JmjC domain, 62.6% global identity and the conserved Fe(II)-binding His330/Asp332/His413 triad. Arabidopsis JMJ22 is derepressed when phytochrome B is activated by red light (PMID:22483719), and the JMJ22 gene review keeps response to red light as a non-core term describing how JMJ22 is regulated. That regulation depends on the SOMNUS-phyB circuit, which is not shown for the wheat gene; conservation of the catalytic domain does not establish conservation of its transcriptional control, and no wheat expression or genetic study was found by PubMed search. The prediction cannot be confirmed or refuted and is absent from the target's GOA annotations.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0010030 positive regulation of seed germination GO_BP
UNC β€” Uncertain Review score: 1/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: The target is in PANTHER subfamily PTHR12480:SF21 with Arabidopsis JMJ22 (Q67XX3), the reviewed protein named as the phmmer hit in the ProtNLM2 evidence record; the two share an F-box and JmjC domain, 62.6% global identity and the conserved Fe(II)-binding His330/Asp332/His413 triad. Arabidopsis JMJ22 promotes light-induced seed germination redundantly with the SF6 paralog JMJ20, by raising gibberellin synthesis at GA3ox1/GA3ox2 (PMID:22483719), and the JMJ22 gene review accepts this as its best-established biological role. Whether the wheat ortholog has the same role depends on its expression in seed, its target loci and the regulatory context of cereal germination, none of which has been tested; PubMed searches found no functional study of the wheat gene. A related germination role is plausible but not established, and the term is absent from the target's GOA annotations.
Supporting Evidence:

Deep Research

Falcon

(A0A3B6RKV1-deep-research-falcon.md)

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OpenScientist

(A0A3B6RKV1-hypotheses/core-function-1-go-0032452/openscientist.md)

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OpenScientist

(A0A3B6RKV1-hypotheses/prediction-jmj22-developmental-roles/openscientist.md)

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πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(A0A3B6RKV1-notes.md)

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