LOC123103357

UniProt ID: F6LAX4
Organism: Triticum aestivum
Review Status: COMPLETE
πŸ“ Provide Detailed Feedback

Gene Description

F6LAX4 is a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) structural/scaffolding A subunit, a member of the PP2A regulatory subunit A (PR65 / PP2AA) family. It is a ~65 kDa, entirely alpha-helical protein built almost entirely of tandem HEAT/ARM-like repeats (~13-15 repeats) that fold into a horseshoe-shaped alpha-solenoid scaffold. The A subunit has no catalytic activity of its own; instead it is the organizing platform of the PP2A heterotrimeric holoenzyme. It binds the catalytic C subunit on one set of HEAT repeats to form the A-C core dimer, and recruits one of many regulatory B subunits (B/B55, B'/B56, B''/PR72 families) on another set of repeats. By assembling these complexes the A subunit determines which holoenzymes form and thereby modulates the activity, substrate specificity, and subcellular targeting of PP2A, a major serine/threonine phosphatase. PP2A holoenzymes act in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. In plants, A-subunit scaffolds (best characterized as Arabidopsis RCN1/PP2AA1 and its paralogs) are required to assemble PP2A complexes that regulate hormone signaling and development, including auxin transport (e.g. PIN proteins), brassinosteroid signaling (e.g. dephosphorylation of BRI1 and BZR1), and abiotic/biotic stress responses. As a hexaploid-wheat gene, F6LAX4 corresponds to a set of homoeologous loci on chromosome group 5 (subgenomes A/B/D; e.g. TraesCS5A02G168400). Its conserved, mechanistically defined core role is as the structural scaffold of the PP2A holoenzyme.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0000159 protein phosphatase type 2A complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: F6LAX4 is a PP2A scaffolding/structural A subunit (PR65/PPP2AA family), a HEAT-repeat solenoid that is a defining, obligate component of the PP2A heterotrimeric holoenzyme. The A subunit binds the catalytic C subunit to form the A-C core and recruits a regulatory B subunit, so part_of the protein phosphatase type 2A complex is the most appropriate cellular component term.
Reason: This is the core localization/complex membership for an A-subunit. The IBA assignment (GO_Central, with experimentally annotated orthologs across yeast, fly, worm, mouse, and Dictyostelium in the WITH/FROM column) is fully consistent with the deeply conserved, unambiguous PP2A-A scaffold architecture (HEAT-repeat solenoid; ~65 kDa) seen in this protein. The A subunit's defining role is to scaffold the PP2A holoenzyme, so membership in the PP2A complex is its core cellular component.
Supporting Evidence:
file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-deep-research-falcon.md
The A subunit binds the **catalytic C subunit** to form the **PP2A core enzyme (A–C dimer)** and provides the platform for **regulatory B-subunit recruitment**. This is the principal function of a PP2AA protein; it is a scaffold, not the catalytic phosphatase itself.
GO:0019888 protein phosphatase regulator activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: The PP2A A/PR65 subunit has no catalytic activity; its molecular function is to act as a protein phosphatase regulator. By scaffolding the catalytic C subunit and recruiting B regulatory subunits, the A subunit is required for holoenzyme assembly and thereby modulates phosphatase activity and substrate specificity. GO:0019888 protein phosphatase regulator activity is the most-specific applicable MF term for an A subunit.
Reason: This is the core molecular function for the A-subunit. The older term GO:0008601 (protein phosphatase type 2A regulator activity) is obsolete and merged into GO:0019888 (verified via QuickGO), so there is no more specific replacement term available. The IBA assignment is appropriate and consistent with the conserved scaffold role. Note this is an informative regulator term, not the uninformative "protein binding".
Supporting Evidence:
file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-deep-research-falcon.md
The **primary function** of a PP2A-A/PR65 protein is **not catalysis**; rather, it is to:
file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-deep-research-falcon.md
enable recruitment of different B subunits, thereby indirectly controlling **substrate specificity**, **localization**, and **activity modulation** of PP2A holoenzymes.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: PP2A holoenzymes, assembled around the A scaffold subunit, act in multiple subcellular compartments including the nucleus, where they dephosphorylate nuclear substrates (e.g. transcription factors such as BZR1 in plant signaling). Nuclear localization is consistent with the diverse compartment distribution of plant A/B subunits.
Reason: Plant PP2A reviews report that A and B subunits show diverse subcellular localizations and that PP2A holoenzymes function in the nucleus (e.g. dephosphorylation of nuclear transcription factors). The ARBA IEA located_in nucleus is a reasonable, family-consistent localization. No contradicting evidence exists, so accept.
Supporting Evidence:
file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-deep-research-falcon.md
Plant PP2A Bβ€²-containing complexes can dephosphorylate BR pathway components (e.g., BRI1 receptor kinase at the membrane and BZR1 transcription factor in the nucleus)
file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-deep-research-falcon.md
Reviews indicate plant A and B subunits show **diverse predicted/observed subcellular localizations**, whereas catalytic C subunits are more predominantly cytosolic.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MODIFY
Summary: PP2A is predominantly a cytoplasmic/cytosolic phosphatase, and its catalytic C subunits are described as predominantly cytosolic. The A scaffold subunit assembles holoenzymes in the cytoplasm (e.g. acting on PIN auxin transporters and membrane-proximal signaling components), so cytoplasmic localization is well supported. GO_Central additionally asserts the more specific term cytosol (GO:0005829) for this protein, so the general cytoplasm term can be refined.
Reason: Cytoplasm (GO:0005737) is correct but more general than warranted. The UniProt entry's GO cross-references for this protein include an explicit GO:0005829 cytosol annotation with IBA:GO_Central evidence (present in the F6LAX4 UniProt record but dropped from the fetched GOA snapshot, which retained only the ARBA IEA cytoplasm term). Cytosol is the appropriate specific compartment for a soluble PP2A scaffold/holoenzyme, and the deep research notes that PP2A catalytic subunits are predominantly cytosolic. Modifying the general cytoplasm IEA to the GO_Central-supported cytosol increases specificity without loss of accuracy.
Proposed replacements: cytosol
Supporting Evidence:
file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-deep-research-falcon.md
Reviews indicate plant A and B subunits show **diverse predicted/observed subcellular localizations**, whereas catalytic C subunits are more predominantly cytosolic.
GO:0032991 protein-containing complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The A subunit is indeed part of a protein-containing complex (the PP2A holoenzyme), so this annotation is not wrong. However, GO:0032991 is a root-level, uninformative term that is fully subsumed by the more specific GO:0000159 (protein phosphatase type 2A complex) already annotated to this protein.
Reason: GO:0032991 protein-containing complex is a high-level grouping term that conveys no specific functional information beyond what GO:0000159 (protein phosphatase type 2A complex) already states. Because the more-specific PP2A complex term is present and accepted, this generic complex annotation is an over-annotation and should be flagged as such.
Supporting Evidence:
file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-deep-research-falcon.md
The A subunit binds the **catalytic C subunit** to form the **PP2A core enzyme (A–C dimer)** and provides the platform for **regulatory B-subunit recruitment**.

Core Functions

Structural/scaffolding A subunit (PR65/PP2AA) of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) heterotrimeric holoenzyme. As a HEAT-repeat alpha-solenoid with no catalytic activity, it binds the PP2A catalytic C subunit to form the A-C core dimer and recruits a regulatory B subunit, thereby acting as a protein phosphatase regulator that organizes holoenzyme assembly and sets the activity, substrate specificity, and localization of PP2A complexes.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-deep-research-falcon.md
    The A subunit binds the **catalytic C subunit** to form the **PP2A core enzyme (A–C dimer)** and provides the platform for **regulatory B-subunit recruitment**. This is the principal function of a PP2AA protein; it is a scaffold, not the catalytic phosphatase itself.
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-deep-research-falcon.md
    enable recruitment of different B subunits, thereby indirectly controlling **substrate specificity**, **localization**, and **activity modulation** of PP2A holoenzymes.

References

Loading supporting content…

Download this section (compressed HTML)

Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Which PP2A catalytic C subunits and regulatory B subunits does the wheat A-subunit F6LAX4 assemble with in vivo, and do the three homoeologs (5A/5B/5D) form distinct or redundant holoenzymes?

Q: In which wheat tissues, developmental stages, and stress conditions is F6LAX4 expressed, and does it contribute to auxin transport, brassinosteroid signaling, or stress responses as seen for the Arabidopsis RCN1/PP2AA scaffolds?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Express epitope-tagged F6LAX4 in wheat (or a heterologous plant system) and identify co-purifying PP2A catalytic C and regulatory B subunits by affinity purification mass spectrometry, validating direct interactions by yeast two-hybrid / BiFC.

Hypothesis: F6LAX4 functions as the structural scaffold of wheat PP2A holoenzymes, physically bridging the catalytic C subunit and diverse regulatory B subunits.

Type: interactome / protein-complex characterization

Experiment: Determine the subcellular localization of fluorescently tagged F6LAX4 in plant cells and test whether it co-localizes with PP2A catalytic subunits in both cytoplasm and nucleus.

Hypothesis: F6LAX4 assembles PP2A holoenzymes in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, consistent with the diverse compartment distribution of plant PP2A A/B subunits.

Type: subcellular localization

External Prediction Reviews

These computational predictions are reviewed separately from the GOA annotation set used for this review. The assessments below are from this project and do not constitute official GO annotations or endorsement by GO/UniProt. They are not included in the existing annotation review above.

ProtNLM2 External predictions

View prediction review YAML Β· F6LAX4-protnlm-predictions-review.yaml Β· Review status: COMPLETE

The PP2A A-subunit scaffold makes heterodimerization less precise than existing PP2A annotations. Neuronal localizations and protein antigen binding are incompatible with wheat biology; chromosome-related roles remain unresolved.

Source documents: genes/WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-uniprot.txt Β· genes/WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-goa.tsv Β· publications/PMID_17174897.md Β· publications/PMID_17608567.md Β· genes/WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-hypotheses/prediction-animal-specific-terms/openscientist.md

Review score: 2 = concordant with evidence; 1 = uncertain; 0 = discordant with evidence. This is an assessment score, not a model probability.

GO:0046982 protein heterodimerization activity GO_MF
LSP β€” Less precise than existing annotation Review score: 2/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: The target has a PP2A regulatory A-subunit family assignment and HEAT-repeat scaffold architecture, consistent with its curated PP2A-complex IBA. Structural work establishes that the A and C subunits form a heterodimeric core enzyme before association with a regulatory B subunit (PMID:17174897). This conserved interaction supports protein heterodimerization at the AC-core level, but a focused report also confirmed that the more informative description is PP2A A-subunit scaffolding for the ABC heterotrimer. The exact term is absent from the cached annotations and is less informative than the existing protein phosphatase regulator and PP2A-complex calls.
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-uniprot.txt: "ID F6LAX4_WHEAT Unreviewed; 587 AA. ... DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0000159; C:protein phosphatase type 2A complex; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0019888; F:protein phosphatase regulator activity; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR InterPro; IPR051023; PP2A_Regulatory_Subunit_A. ... DR PANTHER; PTHR10648:SF4; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2 (FORMERLY 2A), REGULATORY SUBUNIT A, BETA ISOFORM-RELATED; 1. ... FT DOMAIN 276..351 ... FT /note="Phosphatase PP2A regulatory subunit A/Splicing"
  • PMID:17174897: "The PP2A holoenzyme consists of a heterodimeric core enzyme"
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-hypotheses/prediction-animal-specific-terms/openscientist.md: "the informative MF is protein-phosphatase regulator/PP2A-complex scaffolding, already captured by the existing IBA annotations"
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body GO_CC
NPI β€” Nonparalog incorrect Review score: 0/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
TAXON CONSTRAINT VIOLATION
Review rationale: The target is a Triticum aestivum protein, as established by the sequence record and taxon. Neuronal cell body denotes the soma of a neuron, a cell type absent from wheat. This compartment is therefore incompatible with the target organism and is absent from its cached annotations. The prediction alone does not establish which training example or model mechanism produced the error.
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-uniprot.txt: "ID F6LAX4_WHEAT Unreviewed; 587 AA. ... DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0000159; C:protein phosphatase type 2A complex; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0019888; F:protein phosphatase regulator activity; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR InterPro; IPR051023; PP2A_Regulatory_Subunit_A. ... DR PANTHER; PTHR10648:SF4; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2 (FORMERLY 2A), REGULATORY SUBUNIT A, BETA ISOFORM-RELATED; 1. ... FT DOMAIN 276..351 ... FT /note="Phosphatase PP2A regulatory subunit A/Splicing"
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-hypotheses/prediction-animal-specific-terms/openscientist.md: "plants have **no neurons**"
GO:0007059 chromosome segregation GO_BP
UNC β€” Uncertain Review score: 1/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: The target is a PP2A A-subunit scaffold capable of participating in regulatory holoenzymes. The PP2A structure shows how the A subunit associates with catalytic and regulatory subunits (PMID:17174897); the scaffold need not itself catalyze a reaction to participate in a chromosome-related process. Chromosome segregation occurs in plants, but no specific complex or functional experiment connects this wheat product to it in the inspected sources. The process is absent from the cached annotations and remains uncertain.
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-uniprot.txt: "ID F6LAX4_WHEAT Unreviewed; 587 AA. ... DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0000159; C:protein phosphatase type 2A complex; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0019888; F:protein phosphatase regulator activity; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR InterPro; IPR051023; PP2A_Regulatory_Subunit_A. ... DR PANTHER; PTHR10648:SF4; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2 (FORMERLY 2A), REGULATORY SUBUNIT A, BETA ISOFORM-RELATED; 1. ... FT DOMAIN 276..351 ... FT /note="Phosphatase PP2A regulatory subunit A/Splicing"
  • PMID:17174897: "The PP2A holoenzyme consists of a heterodimeric core enzyme"
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-hypotheses/prediction-animal-specific-terms/openscientist.md: "that role is mediated by the **B56 regulatory subunit** binding Shugoshin"
GO:0043005 neuron projection GO_CC
NPI β€” Nonparalog incorrect Review score: 0/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
TAXON CONSTRAINT VIOLATION
Review rationale: The sequence record identifies the target organism as Triticum aestivum. Neuron projections are neuronal structures, and wheat has no neuronal cells. This localization is therefore biologically incompatible with the target taxon and is absent from the cached annotations. No inference about model frequency bias is needed to establish that incompatibility.
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-uniprot.txt: "ID F6LAX4_WHEAT Unreviewed; 587 AA. ... DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0000159; C:protein phosphatase type 2A complex; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0019888; F:protein phosphatase regulator activity; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR InterPro; IPR051023; PP2A_Regulatory_Subunit_A. ... DR PANTHER; PTHR10648:SF4; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2 (FORMERLY 2A), REGULATORY SUBUNIT A, BETA ISOFORM-RELATED; 1. ... FT DOMAIN 276..351 ... FT /note="Phosphatase PP2A regulatory subunit A/Splicing"
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-hypotheses/prediction-animal-specific-terms/openscientist.md: "plants have **no neurons**"
GO:0000775 chromosome, centromeric region GO_CC
UNC β€” Uncertain Review score: 1/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
Review rationale: The target PP2A scaffold can acquire specific localization through the regulatory complexes it assembles. Structural evidence for the PP2A A-B-C complex (PMID:17174897) does not identify a centromere-associated complex containing this wheat product. Plant chromosomes have centromeres, so the localization is biologically possible rather than taxon-inappropriate. It is absent from the cached annotations, and compartment-specific evidence is needed.
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-uniprot.txt: "ID F6LAX4_WHEAT Unreviewed; 587 AA. ... DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0000159; C:protein phosphatase type 2A complex; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0019888; F:protein phosphatase regulator activity; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR InterPro; IPR051023; PP2A_Regulatory_Subunit_A. ... DR PANTHER; PTHR10648:SF4; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2 (FORMERLY 2A), REGULATORY SUBUNIT A, BETA ISOFORM-RELATED; 1. ... FT DOMAIN 276..351 ... FT /note="Phosphatase PP2A regulatory subunit A/Splicing"
  • PMID:17174897: "The PP2A holoenzyme consists of a heterodimeric core enzyme"
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-hypotheses/prediction-animal-specific-terms/openscientist.md: "that role is mediated by the **B56 regulatory subunit** binding Shugoshin"
GO:1990405 protein antigen binding GO_MF
NPI β€” Nonparalog incorrect Review score: 0/2
Prediction method: ProtNLM2 Β· Version: UniProt 2024_06 pilot
TAXON CONSTRAINT VIOLATION
Review rationale: The wheat product is a PP2A A-subunit scaffold. The human PP2A A-small-t structure establishes an inhibitor interaction (PMID:17608567); the viral protein's name small t antigen does not demonstrate immunologic protein-antigen recognition by the scaffold. A focused report likewise found this to be an animal/adaptive-immune text-transfer artifact from mammalian PP2A literature, and the term is absent from the cached wheat annotations. This does not support protein antigen binding for a plant PP2A scaffold.
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-uniprot.txt: "ID F6LAX4_WHEAT Unreviewed; 587 AA. ... DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0000159; C:protein phosphatase type 2A complex; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR GO; GO:0019888; F:protein phosphatase regulator activity; IBA:GO_Central. ... DR InterPro; IPR051023; PP2A_Regulatory_Subunit_A. ... DR PANTHER; PTHR10648:SF4; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2 (FORMERLY 2A), REGULATORY SUBUNIT A, BETA ISOFORM-RELATED; 1. ... FT DOMAIN 276..351 ... FT /note="Phosphatase PP2A regulatory subunit A/Splicing"
  • PMID:17608567: "ST directly interacts with the PP2A scaffolding A subunit"
  • file:WHEAT/F6LAX4/F6LAX4-hypotheses/prediction-animal-specific-terms/openscientist.md: "plants have **no adaptive immune system / antibodies**"

Deep Research

Falcon

(F6LAX4-deep-research-falcon.md)

Loading supporting content…

Download this section (compressed HTML)

OpenScientist

(F6LAX4-hypotheses/prediction-animal-specific-terms/openscientist.md)

Loading supporting content…

Download this section (compressed HTML)

πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(F6LAX4-notes.md)

Loading supporting content…

Download this section (compressed HTML)

πŸ“„ View Raw YAML

Loading supporting content…

Download this section (compressed HTML)