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Comprehensive Research Report: LOC101732730 (Gastrula Zinc Finger Protein XlCGF17.1-like) in Xenopus tropicalis

Executive Summary

LOC101732730 (UniProt: A0A8J0SCI2) encodes a gastrula zinc finger protein XlCGF17.1-like in Xenopus tropicalis. This protein belongs to the Krueppel C2H2-type zinc finger protein family and contains the conserved C2H2 zinc finger domains (Znf_C2H2_sf, Znf_C2H2_type, zf-C2H2/PF00096). Critical caveat: Direct experimental literature on this specific gene is extremely limited or absent. Therefore, functional characterization must be inferred from (1) domain/family annotation, (2) studies of related Krueppel-like zinc finger proteins in Xenopus embryonic development, and (3) general principles of C2H2 zinc finger protein biology. This report synthesizes current understanding with appropriate confidence levels.

Table: This table summarizes what can be stated with confidence about Xenopus tropicalis LOC101732730 and what must be inferred from its C2H2 zinc-finger family membership and related Xenopus developmental regulators. It is useful because direct literature on this exact protein appears limited, so the evidence strength varies by feature category.

1. Protein Identity and Classification

1.1 Gene/Protein Information

LOC101732730 is annotated in UniProt as Gastrula zinc finger protein XlCGF17.1-like from Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog). The "gastrula zinc finger" designation and the reference to "XlCGF17.1-like" (originally identified in Xenopus laevis) suggest this protein functions during early embryonic gastrulation stages and is evolutionarily related to characterized gastrula-expressed zinc finger regulators.

1.2 Protein Family and Evolutionary Context

LOC101732730 belongs to the Krueppel C2H2-type zinc finger protein family, one of the largest families of sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors in eukaryotes (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3, mackeh2018c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2). C2H2 zinc finger proteins form the largest transcription factor family in vertebrates, with approximately 700 members in mammalian genomes and 1,235 transcription factors identified in the Xenopus tropicalis genome (blitz2017acatalogof pages 1-2, blitz2017acatalogof pages 2-3). The Xenopus transcription factor catalog confirms the presence of multiple C2H2 zinc finger family members with diverse roles in embryonic development (blitz2017acatalogof pages 1-2).

C2H2 zinc finger proteins are characterized by evolutionarily conserved motifs and are featured prominently in developmental gene regulation networks across vertebrates (mackeh2018c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2, alnaama2020c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2). Many C2H2 zinc finger proteins appeared early in vertebrate evolution and have been maintained throughout phylogeny, suggesting conserved roles in fundamental biological processes such as embryonic development and cell differentiation (mackeh2018c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2).

2. Molecular Function and Mechanism

2.1 Primary Molecular Function: Sequence-Specific DNA Binding

Based on domain architecture, LOC101732730 is predicted to function as a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor. The protein contains C2H2 zinc finger domains (PF00096), which are the hallmark of this function (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3).

DNA Recognition Mechanism

C2H2 zinc finger proteins bind DNA through a well-characterized mechanism. Each zinc finger module is stabilized by coordination of a zinc ion (Zn²⁺) by two cysteine residues and two histidine residues, forming a compact finger-like structure (qian2025themultifacetedroles pages 1-2). The α-helix within each finger lies in the major groove of DNA, where specific amino acid residues make base-specific contacts (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3).

Recent structural studies have refined our understanding of the C2H2 "recognition code." In a typical DNA-binding zinc finger module, there are twelve residues between the last zinc-coordinating cysteine and the first zinc-coordinating histidine (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3). The established recognition code indicates that residues at positions -1, -4, -5, -7, and -8 within this region determine DNA base specificity (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3). Specifically:
- Guanine is recognized by arginine, lysine, or histidine
- Adenine is recognized by asparagine or glutamine
- Thymine or 5-methylcytosine is recognized by glutamate
- Unmodified cytosine is recognized by aspartate

This modular recognition system allows C2H2 zinc finger proteins to bind specific DNA sequences with high affinity and specificity (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3).

2.2 Transcriptional Regulation Function

As a transcription factor, LOC101732730 is not an enzyme with catalytic activity nor a transporter with substrate specificity. Instead, its primary function is to regulate gene expression through DNA binding and recruitment of transcriptional co-regulators (mackeh2018c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2, qian2025themultifacetedroles pages 1-2).

C2H2 zinc finger proteins can function as either transcriptional activators or repressors depending on the protein domains they contain and the cellular context (qian2025themultifacetedroles pages 1-2). Related Krueppel-like family members in Xenopus demonstrate this dual functionality, with some acting as activators of developmental genes and others functioning as repressors (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3). The specific regulatory mode of LOC101732730 remains to be experimentally determined.

Many C2H2 zinc finger proteins recruit co-activators (such as p300/CBP, P/CAF) or co-repressors (such as CtBP, Sin3A, NCoR/SMRT) to modulate transcription (satoukobayashi2024zbtb11interactswith pages 1-2, mackeh2018c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2). This recruitment is typically mediated by protein-protein interaction domains outside the zinc finger DNA-binding region.

3. Subcellular Localization

3.1 Nuclear Localization

LOC101732730 is predicted to be a nuclear protein. C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors function by binding to genomic DNA regulatory elements (enhancers, promoters, silencers) and modulating chromatin structure and transcriptional activity (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3, mackeh2018c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2, qian2025themultifacetedroles pages 1-2). This function necessitates nuclear localization.

Nuclear localization is well-established for related zinc finger transcription factors studied in Xenopus. For example, Zbtb11 (another C2H2 zinc finger protein) localizes to the nucleus where it interacts with Otx2 to regulate anterior neuroectoderm patterning (satoukobayashi2024zbtb11interactswith pages 1-2). Similarly, Krueppel-like family members function as nuclear transcriptional regulators during Xenopus embryogenesis (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3).

3.2 Chromatin Interaction Context

Within the nucleus, C2H2 zinc finger proteins interact directly with chromatin-associated DNA sequences. The zinc finger domains bind DNA in the major groove, while the protein may also interact with nucleosome components and chromatin-modifying complexes (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3). Some C2H2 zinc finger proteins are capable of binding to nucleosome-free regions, while others can trigger alterations in chromatin structure to access their target sites (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3).

4. Biological Processes and Developmental Roles

Given the absence of direct functional studies on LOC101732730, its biological roles must be inferred from (1) its annotation as a "gastrula zinc finger protein," (2) studies of related Krueppel-like zinc finger proteins in Xenopus development, and (3) general principles of C2H2 zinc finger protein function.

4.1 Gastrulation and Early Embryonic Patterning

The designation "gastrula zinc finger protein" strongly suggests involvement during gastrulation, a critical phase of early embryonic development when the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) are established and the basic body plan is laid out.

Evidence from Related Xenopus Zinc Finger Proteins

Multiple Krueppel-like family members have been characterized in Xenopus embryogenesis with expression and function during gastrulation:

Klf family expression during gastrulation: A comprehensive study of Krueppel-like factors (Klf2, Klf5, Klf6, Klf7, Klf8, Klf11, Klf15, and Klf17) in Xenopus laevis demonstrated that these genes are transcribed both maternally and zygotically, with many showing specific expression patterns in the animal and equatorial regions of blastula and gastrula embryos where ectoderm and mesoderm are formed (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5). Klf6, notably, was detected in the dorsal blastopore lip during gastrulation, a key organizer region (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5).

Functional roles in germ layer formation: Gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that Klf family members exert different effects on germ layer formation and body axis patterning (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2). These proteins regulate the expression of key developmental genes essential for germ layer induction and dorsoventral patterning, including:
- Organizer genes: dkk1, cer1, chrd, gsc
- Ventral/mesoderm genes: wnt8, nodal5

The results suggest that Klf factors are required for fine-tuning these developmental genes during germ layer formation and body axis patterning (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5).

4.2 Pluripotency Regulation and Exit from Pluripotency

Recent evidence (2025) from Rigney et al. provides important insights into how Krueppel-like zinc finger proteins regulate embryonic stem cell states in Xenopus (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 1-3, rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 3-6).

Klf2 and Klf17 in blastula stem cells: Studies show that Klf2 is the most highly expressed Klf factor in blastula animal pole cells (pluripotent blastula stem cells), while Klf17 expression increases as blastula cells are induced toward neural crest fate (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 1-3, rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 3-6). Both Klf2 and Klf17 are expressed in pluripotent blastula stem cells and subsequently in neural plate border and neural crest cells.

Function in pluripotency exit: Inhibition of either klf2 or klf17 expanded expression of pluripotency factors, neural plate border factors, and neural crest factors in neurula stage embryos, suggesting that Klf factors regulate the exit from pluripotency and proper establishment of the boundary of the neural crest domain (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 1-3). This finding is consistent with roles of Klf2 and Klf4 in mammalian embryonic stem cells, where these factors form part of the core pluripotency regulatory network (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 3-6, qian2025themultifacetedroles pages 1-2).

Evolutionary conservation: The role of Klf17 appears to be deeply conserved across vertebrates. Comparative work in sea lamprey (a jawless vertebrate) demonstrated that lamprey klf17 can phenocopy Xenopus klf17 when ectopically expressed, suggesting that Klf17 may have been the ancestral Klf factor functioning in pluripotency and neural crest gene regulatory networks in stem vertebrates (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 1-3, rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 3-6).

4.3 Neural Plate Border and Neural Crest Formation

Related zinc finger proteins in Xenopus play critical roles in neural patterning:

Anterior neuroectoderm patterning: Zbtb11 (a BTB-containing C2H2 zinc finger protein) is expressed in the anterior neuroectoderm and interacts with the transcription factor Otx2 to pattern this region (satoukobayashi2024zbtb11interactswith pages 1-2). Both overexpression and knockdown of zbtb11 caused expanded expression of the posterior gene gbx2 in the neural plate and later microcephaly with reduced eyes, demonstrating that proper levels of zinc finger protein expression are critical for normal neuroectoderm patterning (satoukobayashi2024zbtb11interactswith pages 1-2).

Neural plate border specification: Klf8 transcript was detected in patterns similar to the preplacodal region marker six1 during neurulation, and was subsequently expressed in various ectodermal and mesodermal derivatives including forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, otic vesicle, eyes, and branchial arches (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5).

4.4 Tissue-Specific Expression During Organogenesis

Related Klf family members show highly specific expression patterns during later stages of Xenopus development, suggesting roles in organ development:

• Klf2: Expressed in developing vasculature including aortic arches, forming plexus, intersomitic vessels, and posterior cardinal vein (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5)
• Klf5: Localized to presumptive olfactory placode, olfactory placode, otic vesicle, branchial arches, facial epibranchial placode, stomach/duodenum primordia, and proctodeum (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5)
• Klf6: Expressed in liver primordium and lung primordium at later stages (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5)
• Klf7: Detected in heart anlage, trigeminal placode, adenohypophysial placode, and otic vesicle (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5)

This tissue-specific expression suggests that Krueppel-like zinc finger proteins continue to function throughout organogenesis, refining developmental gene expression programs in specific tissues and organs.

5. Signaling and Biochemical Pathways

5.1 Integration with Major Developmental Signaling Pathways

While LOC101732730 itself is not a signaling molecule, it likely functions downstream of or in coordination with major embryonic signaling pathways that pattern the early embryo. Related Krueppel-like zinc finger proteins in Xenopus integrate signals from:

BMP signaling: BMP signaling is essential for both pluripotent blastula stem cells and neural crest cells in Xenopus (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 1-3). Klf factors likely regulate genes that respond to or modulate BMP signaling during germ layer specification.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling: Maternal β-catenin is a key driver of mesoderm and endoderm formation in Xenopus (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2). Klf factors regulate organizer genes (dkk1, cer1) that antagonize Wnt signaling, as well as ventral genes (wnt8) that promote it (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5).

Nodal signaling: Nodal signaling drives germ layer differentiation. Klf factors regulate nodal5 expression and other genes involved in mesoderm and endoderm specification (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3).

FGF/MAPK signaling: FGF-mediated MAP kinase signaling is required for both pluripotent blastula cells and neural crest cells in Xenopus (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 1-3).

5.2 Gene Regulatory Networks

C2H2 zinc finger proteins function within highly complex gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that coordinate cellular phenotypes during development (blitz2017acatalogof pages 1-2). In Xenopus:

Core transcriptional regulatory networks: Recent work has shown that neural crest cells share significant gene regulatory architecture with pluripotent blastula stem cells, including a large cohort of transcription factors (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 1-3). This shared GRN architecture suggests that LOC101732730, if functioning during gastrulation, may participate in regulatory networks that are redeployed in multiple developmental contexts.

Combinatorial regulation: Gene regulatory networks involve highly combinatorial interactions between transcription factors and cis-regulatory modules, with individual genes potentially regulated by 15-18 different transcription factors (blitz2017acatalogof pages 1-2). C2H2 zinc finger proteins contribute to this combinatorial control by binding specific DNA motifs in enhancers and promoters.

6. Current Understanding and Knowledge Gaps

6.1 What Can Be Stated with High Confidence

Based on domain annotation and protein family characteristics:

1. LOC101732730 is a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor with sequence-specific DNA-binding capability (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3)
2. The protein localizes to the nucleus where it interacts with genomic DNA (mackeh2018c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2, qian2025themultifacetedroles pages 1-2)
3. It belongs to the Krueppel family, a well-characterized class of developmental regulators (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2, mackeh2018c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2)
4. C2H2 zinc fingers recognize DNA through a modular code involving specific amino acid-base interactions (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3)

6.2 What Must Be Inferred (Moderate Confidence)

Based on related Xenopus zinc finger proteins and the "gastrula zinc finger" annotation:

1. Likely involvement in early embryonic development, particularly during gastrulation (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3)
2. Probable role in regulating embryonic patterning genes involved in germ layer specification and/or axis formation (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5)
3. Potential function in pluripotency regulation or exit from pluripotency, based on related Klf factors (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 1-3, rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 3-6)
4. Integration with BMP, Wnt, and Nodal signaling pathways, consistent with gastrula-stage transcription factors (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2)

6.3 What Remains Unknown (Low Confidence/Speculative)

The following critical questions cannot be answered without direct experimental studies of LOC101732730:

1. Specific DNA sequence motifs bound by LOC101732730 - The exact recognition code and target sequences are unknown
2. Direct transcriptional target genes - Which developmental genes are regulated?
3. Expression pattern - Spatial and temporal expression during Xenopus development
4. Activator vs. repressor function - Does it activate or repress transcription?
5. Interaction partners - Which co-factors, chromatin modifiers, or other transcription factors does it interact with?
6. Loss-of-function phenotype - What happens when the gene is knocked down or knocked out?
7. Evolutionary conservation - Is there a functional ortholog in Xenopus laevis or other species?

7. Recommendations for Future Research

To fully characterize LOC101732730 function, the following experimental approaches would be valuable:

1. Expression analysis: Whole-mount in situ hybridization and/or single-cell RNA-sequencing to determine spatial and temporal expression
2. Loss-of-function studies: CRISPR/Cas9 knockout or morpholino knockdown to assess developmental phenotypes
3. Gain-of-function studies: mRNA overexpression to determine effects on embryonic patterning
4. ChIP-seq: Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing to identify genomic binding sites and direct target genes
5. Protein biochemistry: Co-immunoprecipitation to identify interaction partners
6. DNA-binding specificity: SELEX, protein-binding microarrays, or other methods to determine the DNA recognition code

8. Conclusions

LOC101732730 (Gastrula zinc finger protein XlCGF17.1-like) from Xenopus tropicalis is a member of the Krueppel C2H2-type zinc finger protein family predicted to function as a nuclear, sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor. Based on its protein family membership and the annotation as a "gastrula zinc finger protein," it is inferred to play roles in early embryonic development, likely during gastrulation when germ layers are specified and the body axis is patterned.

The gene functions by: Acting as a transcription factor that binds specific DNA sequences through C2H2 zinc finger domains, recognizing DNA bases through a modular recognition code, and regulating gene expression by recruiting co-activators or co-repressors.

Subcellular localization: Nuclear, where it accesses genomic regulatory DNA.

Inferred biological processes: Germ layer formation, gastrulation patterning, possible roles in pluripotency regulation and neural development, based on related Krueppel-like proteins in Xenopus.

Pathway context: Likely functions downstream of or in coordination with BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, and Nodal signaling pathways; may regulate key developmental genes such as organizer factors (chrd, cer1, dkk1, gsc) and patterning genes (wnt8, nodal5, gbx2), by analogy to related Klf family members.

Important caveat: Direct experimental evidence for LOC101732730 is lacking in the current literature. The functional inferences presented here are based on domain annotation, protein family characteristics, and studies of related Xenopus zinc finger proteins, particularly the Krueppel-like family. Experimental validation is required to confirm these predictions.

References

This report cites evidence from the following key sources:

• Xenopus transcription factor catalog and developmental expression studies (blitz2017acatalogof pages 1-2, blitz2017acatalogof pages 2-3): Blitz et al. 2017, cataloging 1,235 transcription factors in Xenopus tropicalis
• Krueppel-like family function in Xenopus embryogenesis (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3, gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5): Gao et al. 2015, demonstrating Klf protein roles in germ layer formation and body axis patterning
• Recent Klf2/Klf17 studies in pluripotency and neural crest (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 1-3, rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 3-6): Rigney et al. 2025, showing Klf factors regulate exit from pluripotency
• C2H2 zinc finger DNA recognition mechanisms (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3): Zhang et al. 2024, updating the protein-DNA recognition code
• Zbtb11 function in neuroectoderm patterning (satoukobayashi2024zbtb11interactswith pages 1-2): Satou-Kobayashi et al. 2024, demonstrating zinc finger protein roles in neural development
• C2H2 zinc finger protein evolution and function (mackeh2018c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2): Mackeh et al. 2018, reviewing C2H2-ZF as nuclear hormone receptor partners
• Zinc finger proteins in pluripotency (qian2025themultifacetedroles pages 1-2): Qian & Wu 2025, comprehensive review of ZFP roles in stem cells
• C2H2-ZF in brain development (alnaama2020c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2): Al-Naama et al. 2020, systematic analysis of C2H2-ZF in neurodevelopment

The absence of direct literature on LOC101732730 itself highlights the need for future experimental investigation of this uncharacterized developmental regulator in Xenopus tropicalis.

References

1. (blitz2017acatalogof pages 1-2): Ira L. Blitz, Kitt D. Paraiso, Ilya Patrushev, William T.Y. Chiu, Ken W.Y. Cho, and Michael J. Gilchrist. A catalog of xenopus tropicalis transcription factors and their regional expression in the early gastrula stage embryo. Jun 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.002, doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.002. This article has 46 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

2. (blitz2017acatalogof pages 2-3): Ira L. Blitz, Kitt D. Paraiso, Ilya Patrushev, William T.Y. Chiu, Ken W.Y. Cho, and Michael J. Gilchrist. A catalog of xenopus tropicalis transcription factors and their regional expression in the early gastrula stage embryo. Jun 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.002, doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.002. This article has 46 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

3. (zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3): Xing Zhang, Robert M. Blumenthal, and Xiaodong Cheng. Updated understanding of the protein–dna recognition code used by c2h2 zinc finger proteins. Aug 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102836, doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102836. This article has 39 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

4. (mackeh2018c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2): Rafah Mackeh, Alexandra K. Marr, Abeer Fadda, and Tomoshige Kino. C2h2-type zinc finger proteins: evolutionarily old and new partners of the nuclear hormone receptors. Nuclear Receptor Signaling, Oct 2018. URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/1550762918801071, doi:10.1177/1550762918801071. This article has 82 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

5. (alnaama2020c2h2typezincfinger pages 1-2): Njoud Al-Naama, Rafah Mackeh, and Tomoshige Kino. C2h2-type zinc finger proteins in brain development, neurodevelopmental, and other neuropsychiatric disorders: systematic literature-based analysis. Frontiers in Neurology, Feb 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00032, doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00032. This article has 99 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

6. (qian2025themultifacetedroles pages 1-2): Yiwei Qian and Qiang Wu. The multifaceted roles of zinc finger proteins in pluripotency and reprogramming. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26:5106, May 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115106, doi:10.3390/ijms26115106. This article has 5 citations.

7. (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 1-2): Yan Gao, Qing Cao, Lei Lu, Xuena Zhang, Zan Zhang, Xiaohua Dong, Wenshuang Jia, and Ying Cao. Kruppel‐like factor family genes are expressed during xenopus embryogenesis and involved in germ layer formation and body axis patterning. Developmental Dynamics, 244:1328-1346, Oct 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24310, doi:10.1002/dvdy.24310. This article has 28 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

8. (satoukobayashi2024zbtb11interactswith pages 1-2): Yumeko Satou-Kobayashi, Shuji Takahashi, Yoshikazu Haramoto, Makoto Asashima, and Masanori Taira. Zbtb11 interacts with otx2 and patterns the anterior neuroectoderm in xenopus. Jul 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293852, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293852. This article has 1 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

9. (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 2-3): Yan Gao, Qing Cao, Lei Lu, Xuena Zhang, Zan Zhang, Xiaohua Dong, Wenshuang Jia, and Ying Cao. Kruppel‐like factor family genes are expressed during xenopus embryogenesis and involved in germ layer formation and body axis patterning. Developmental Dynamics, 244:1328-1346, Oct 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24310, doi:10.1002/dvdy.24310. This article has 28 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

10. (gao2015kruppel‐likefactorfamily pages 3-5): Yan Gao, Qing Cao, Lei Lu, Xuena Zhang, Zan Zhang, Xiaohua Dong, Wenshuang Jia, and Ying Cao. Kruppel‐like factor family genes are expressed during xenopus embryogenesis and involved in germ layer formation and body axis patterning. Developmental Dynamics, 244:1328-1346, Oct 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24310, doi:10.1002/dvdy.24310. This article has 28 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

11. (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 1-3): Sara Rigney, Joshua R. York, and Carole LaBonne. Krüppel-like factors play essential roles in regulating pluripotency and the formation of neural crest stem cells. Development (Cambridge, England), Apr 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.204634, doi:10.1242/dev.204634. This article has 5 citations.

12. (rigney2025krüppellikefactorsplay pages 3-6): Sara Rigney, Joshua R. York, and Carole LaBonne. Krüppel-like factors play essential roles in regulating pluripotency and the formation of neural crest stem cells. Development (Cambridge, England), Apr 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.204634, doi:10.1242/dev.204634. This article has 5 citations.

Artifacts

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Citations

1. zhang2024updatedunderstandingof pages 1-3
2. blitz2017acatalogof pages 1-2
3. qian2025themultifacetedroles pages 1-2
4. blitz2017acatalogof pages 2-3
5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.002,
6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102836,
7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550762918801071,
8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00032,
9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115106,
10. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24310,
11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293852,
12. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.204634,