ADAM10

UniProt ID: O14672
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

ADAM10 encodes a single-pass type I transmembrane zinc metalloprotease of the ADAM family. The mature enzyme acts mainly at the cell surface, Golgi-derived vesicles, synaptic membranes, adherens junctions, and tetraspanin-enriched membrane domains, where it cleaves extracellular juxtamembrane regions of many membrane proteins. Its core roles are membrane-protein ectodomain shedding and alpha-secretase processing, including non-amyloidogenic cleavage of APP, S2 cleavage of Notch receptors, and processing of adhesion molecules, growth-factor and cytokine precursors, immune receptors, and other signaling substrates. ADAM10 localization, maturation, endocytosis, and substrate selectivity are regulated by tetraspanins, clathrin/AP2-dependent trafficking, and substrate-specific adaptor contexts.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0004222 metalloendopeptidase activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.81) that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in substrate ectodomains via its HEXGHXXGXXHD catalytic motif.
Reason: This is ADAM10's core catalytic molecular function; supported by IDA/structure.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0007219 Notch signaling pathway
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 performs the S2 cleavage of Notch receptors, the obligatory ectodomain-shedding step that licenses gamma-secretase and Notch signal transduction.
Reason: Notch S2 cleavage is a canonical, essential ADAM10 function; IBA/ISS-supported.
GO:0097060 synaptic membrane
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is enriched at synaptic membranes where it cleaves APP and synaptic adhesion/cadherin substrates, contributing to synapse structure and plasticity.
Reason: Synaptic membrane localization is a bona fide functional site; IBA/IDA-supported.
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 resides in the Golgi apparatus membrane as it traffics through the secretory pathway toward the cell surface.
Reason: Golgi membrane localization is part of its biosynthetic transit; EXP-supported.
GO:0004222 metalloendopeptidase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.81) that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in substrate ectodomains via its HEXGHXXGXXHD catalytic motif.
Reason: This is ADAM10's core catalytic molecular function; supported by IDA/structure.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A cytoplasmic pool of ADAM10 (largely immature enzyme near fibrillar structures) is reported, but cytoplasm is not where the protease acts.
Reason: Immature/cytoplasmic pool; not the catalytic compartment.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 is clustered at adherens/zonula adherens junctions via AFDN-TSPAN33-PLEKHA7 docking, positioning it to cleave junctional cadherins like E-/VE-cadherin.
Reason: Junctional localization supports specific cadherin shedding; pleiotropic, non-core.
GO:0006508 proteolysis
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 carries out proteolysis of its membrane-protein substrates, the biological process directly enacted by its metalloendopeptidase activity.
Reason: Core process directly reflecting its enzymatic action.
GO:0008237 metallopeptidase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 hydrolyzes peptide bonds as a zinc-requiring metallopeptidase, the activity underlying all of its ectodomain-shedding events.
Reason: Correct parent of its catalytic activity; experimentally supported, core.
GO:0030136 clathrin-coated vesicle
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 localizes to clathrin-coated vesicles, reflecting AP2-dependent endocytosis that internalizes surface enzyme and regulates its availability.
Reason: Clathrin-coated vesicle pool tied to AP2-mediated endocytic regulation.
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 is detected in axons (by similarity to mouse O35598), consistent with neuronal expression but not central to its core sheddase mechanism.
Reason: Secondary neuronal localization inferred by similarity; non-core.
GO:0030425 dendrite
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 is found in dendrites, in line with its synaptic roles, but dendritic localization itself is a secondary distribution rather than a core feature.
Reason: Secondary neuronal compartment inferred by similarity; non-core.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19587294
Tetraspanin12 regulates ADAM10-dependent cleavage of amyloid...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23091066
TspanC8 tetraspanins regulate ADAM10/Kuzbanian trafficking a...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23289620
Tetraspanin protein CD9 interacts with metalloprotease CD10 ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25036101
Identification of SH3 domain proteins interacting with the c...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26686862
TspanC8 tetraspanins differentially regulate the cleavage of...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:30538620
Visualization of Alzheimer's Disease Related Ξ±-/Ξ²-/Ξ³-Secreta...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32814053
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32900848
Cholesterol sensing by CD81 is important for hepatitis C vir...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:33961781
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:40205054
Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and func...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 is essential for embryonic development (largely through Notch and cadherin substrate cleavage); this is a pleiotropic developmental requirement.
Reason: Developmental phenotype downstream of substrate cleavage; non-core.
GO:0004175 endopeptidase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 acts as an endopeptidase, cleaving internal peptide bonds within the ectodomains of transmembrane substrates such as APP and Notch.
Reason: Endopeptidase activity is integral to its sheddase mechanism; IMP/ISS-supported.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0007219 Notch signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 performs the S2 cleavage of Notch receptors, the obligatory ectodomain-shedding step that licenses gamma-secretase and Notch signal transduction.
Reason: Notch S2 cleavage is a canonical, essential ADAM10 function; IBA/ISS-supported.
GO:0008593 regulation of Notch signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: By catalyzing the rate-limiting S2 ectodomain cleavage of Notch, ADAM10 directly regulates the magnitude of Notch pathway activation.
Reason: Regulation arises directly from its catalytic Notch cleavage; core.
GO:0009986 cell surface
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: Mature ADAM10 is displayed at the cell surface where it sheds ectodomains of L1, VE-cadherin, ephrins and other transmembrane substrates.
Reason: Cell-surface display is integral to its sheddase role; IDA-supported.
GO:0014069 postsynaptic density
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is targeted to the postsynaptic density, where DLG1/AP2-regulated trafficking positions it to cleave synaptic substrates during plasticity.
Reason: PSD localization is functionally relevant to its synaptic substrate cleavage.
GO:0034332 adherens junction organization
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: By shedding junctional cadherins (E-/VE-cadherin), ADAM10 remodels adherens junctions, an organizational outcome downstream of substrate cleavage.
Reason: Consequence of cadherin shedding; pleiotropic, non-core.
GO:0038004 epidermal growth factor receptor ligand maturation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 sheds/matures EGFR-family ligands (e.g. HB-EGF, betacellulin), releasing active growth factor from membrane precursors to enable EGFR signaling.
Reason: Ligand-precursor shedding is a direct catalytic role of ADAM10.
GO:0046930 pore complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 is implicated in S.aureus alpha-hemolysin pore complex formation by serving as the toxin receptor, a microbial-infection context distinct from its core proteolysis.
Reason: Host-pathogen pore association; non-core component.
GO:0046931 pore complex assembly
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: By acting as the receptor for S.aureus alpha-hemolysin and clustering it at cell junctions, ADAM10 promotes assembly of cytolytic toxin pores during infection.
Reason: Microbial-infection pore-assembly role; non-core relative to its sheddase function.
GO:0070573 metallodipeptidase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
REMOVE
Summary: ADAM10 is an endopeptidase that cleaves internal bonds of large protein ectodomains, not a dipeptidase that removes C-terminal dipeptides from short peptides.
Reason: IEA-only; biologically contradicted - ADAM10 is an endopeptidase, not a dipeptidase.
GO:0090102 cochlea development
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: During organ of Corti development ADAM10 promotes pillar-cell separation by cleaving E-cadherin in an EPHA4 complex; a tissue-specific developmental role.
Reason: Organ-specific development downstream of cadherin cleavage; non-core.
GO:0097060 synaptic membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is enriched at synaptic membranes where it cleaves APP and synaptic adhesion/cadherin substrates, contributing to synapse structure and plasticity.
Reason: Synaptic membrane localization is a bona fide functional site; IBA/IDA-supported.
GO:0098696 regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Through cleavage of synaptic adhesion substrates, ADAM10 influences neurotransmitter-receptor localization at the postsynaptic membrane during plasticity.
Reason: Synaptic receptor-trafficking effect downstream of shedding; non-core.
GO:0098978 glutamatergic synapse
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 localizes to glutamatergic synapses, where it processes synaptic adhesion molecules and APP and participates in activity-dependent plasticity.
Reason: Glutamatergic synapse is a documented functional locale for ADAM10.
GO:0099173 postsynapse organization
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 shapes postsynaptic organization by cleaving synaptic adhesion molecules and APP, a neuronal structural outcome of its sheddase activity.
Reason: Synaptic structural effect downstream of cleavage; non-core.
GO:0099175 regulation of postsynapse organization
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Activity-dependent ADAM10 trafficking and substrate cleavage regulate postsynaptic organization during plasticity, a downstream neuronal process.
Reason: Plasticity-linked regulatory role downstream of shedding; non-core.
GO:0140249 protein catabolic process at postsynapse
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 contributes to proteolytic turnover of postsynaptic substrate proteins, a localized catabolic outcome of its synaptic sheddase activity.
Reason: Localized synaptic catabolism downstream of cleavage; non-core.
GO:0140448 signaling receptor ligand precursor processing
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 processes membrane-bound signaling-ligand precursors (e.g. ephrins, EGFR ligands, Notch ligands) into active soluble or cleaved forms.
Reason: Precursor processing is a direct catalytic function generalizing ADAM10's shedding.
GO:1901342 regulation of vasculature development
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 contributes to glomerular and coronary vascular development, a pleiotropic developmental outcome of its sheddase activity on vascular substrates.
Reason: Developmental vascular role downstream of shedding; non-core.
GO:0022617 extracellular matrix disassembly
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1474228
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 contributes to ECM remodeling/disassembly (Reactome collagen/ECM degradation), a downstream tissue-level consequence of its sheddase activity.
Reason: Pleiotropic ECM-remodeling role; TAS-supported, non-core.
GO:0004222 metalloendopeptidase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-4224014
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.81) that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in substrate ectodomains via its HEXGHXXGXXHD catalytic motif.
Reason: This is ADAM10's core catalytic molecular function; supported by IDA/structure.
GO:0004222 metalloendopeptidase activity
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.81) that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in substrate ectodomains via its HEXGHXXGXXHD catalytic motif.
Reason: This is ADAM10's core catalytic molecular function; supported by IDA/structure.
GO:1902430 negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation
IDA
PMID:33731436
GDE2-RECK controls ADAM10 Ξ±-secretase-mediated cleavage of a...
ACCEPT
Summary: By cleaving APP within the Abeta sequence (non-amyloidogenic pathway), ADAM10 directly precludes amyloid-beta peptide generation.
Reason: Direct mechanistic consequence of alpha-secretase APP cleavage; IDA-supported, core.
GO:0004222 metalloendopeptidase activity
IDA
PMID:33731436
GDE2-RECK controls ADAM10 Ξ±-secretase-mediated cleavage of a...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.81) that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in substrate ectodomains via its HEXGHXXGXXHD catalytic motif.
Reason: This is ADAM10's core catalytic molecular function; supported by IDA/structure.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:33731436
GDE2-RECK controls ADAM10 Ξ±-secretase-mediated cleavage of a...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0042985 negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
IDA
PMID:33731436
GDE2-RECK controls ADAM10 Ξ±-secretase-mediated cleavage of a...
MODIFY
Summary: The IDA evidence reflects ADAM10 reducing amyloidogenic APP processing/Abeta output via alpha-secretase cleavage, not repression of APP biosynthesis per se.
Reason: Annotation conflates catabolic cleavage with biosynthesis; better captured by Abeta-formation/APP catabolic terms.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0004222 metalloendopeptidase activity
IMP
PMID:28164773
Apolipoprotein E-mediated Modulation of ADAM10 in Alzheimer'...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.81) that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in substrate ectodomains via its HEXGHXXGXXHD catalytic motif.
Reason: This is ADAM10's core catalytic molecular function; supported by IDA/structure.
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane
EXP
PMID:12475894
ADAM10-mediated cleavage of L1 adhesion molecule at the cell...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 resides in the Golgi apparatus membrane as it traffics through the secretory pathway toward the cell surface.
Reason: Golgi membrane localization is part of its biosynthetic transit; EXP-supported.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
EXP
PMID:30463011
A Dock-and-Lock Mechanism Clusters ADAM10 at Cell-Cell Junct...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A cytoplasmic pool of ADAM10 (largely immature enzyme near fibrillar structures) is reported, but cytoplasm is not where the protease acts.
Reason: Immature/cytoplasmic pool; not the catalytic compartment.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:23676497
Endocytosis of synaptic ADAM10 in neuronal plasticity and Al...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:24990881
TREM2 mutations implicated in neurodegeneration impair cell ...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:26686862
TspanC8 tetraspanins differentially regulate the cleavage of...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:29430990
The metalloprotease ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloproteas...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:30463011
A Dock-and-Lock Mechanism Clusters ADAM10 at Cell-Cell Junct...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0004222 metalloendopeptidase activity
IDA
PMID:18355445
Ectodomain shedding of TNF-alpha is enhanced by nardilysin v...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.81) that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in substrate ectodomains via its HEXGHXXGXXHD catalytic motif.
Reason: This is ADAM10's core catalytic molecular function; supported by IDA/structure.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:18355445
Ectodomain shedding of TNF-alpha is enhanced by nardilysin v...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0032760 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
IDA
PMID:18355445
Ectodomain shedding of TNF-alpha is enhanced by nardilysin v...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 was originally identified as a pro-TNF-processing enzyme; its sheddase activity can positively influence TNF production/release.
Reason: Cytokine-output effect of shedding; non-core relative to general sheddase role.
GO:1903265 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:18355445
Ectodomain shedding of TNF-alpha is enhanced by nardilysin v...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: By releasing soluble TNF and TNF-family/receptor ectodomains, ADAM10 can enhance TNF-mediated signaling, a downstream signaling consequence.
Reason: Downstream TNF signaling effect of shedding; non-core.
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity
IEP
PMID:25349418
Membrane-enabled dimerization of the intrinsically disordere...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 can self-associate/homodimerize, which may influence its surface organization, but homodimerization is not its principal molecular function.
Reason: Ancillary oligomerization property; non-core.
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity
IPI
PMID:25349418
Membrane-enabled dimerization of the intrinsically disordere...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 can self-associate/homodimerize, which may influence its surface organization, but homodimerization is not its principal molecular function.
Reason: Ancillary oligomerization property; non-core.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:31792032
TspanC8 tetraspanins differentially regulate ADAM10 endocyto...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:34739841
Crystal structure of the Tspan15 LEL domain reveals a conser...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:31792032
TspanC8 tetraspanins differentially regulate ADAM10 endocyto...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:34739841
Crystal structure of the Tspan15 LEL domain reveals a conser...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0016485 protein processing
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 proteolytically processes diverse substrate proteins, converting transmembrane precursors into cleaved/soluble products.
Reason: General proteolytic-processing role directly reflects its activity; ISS-supported.
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is the principal alpha-secretase, cleaving APP within the amyloid-beta region to drive non-amyloidogenic APP catabolism and preclude Abeta generation.
Reason: Alpha-secretase APP cleavage is a defining ADAM10 function; IMP/ISS-supported.
GO:0004222 metalloendopeptidase activity
IDA
PMID:18676862
Tumor-associated MICA is shed by ADAM proteases.
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.81) that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in substrate ectodomains via its HEXGHXXGXXHD catalytic motif.
Reason: This is ADAM10's core catalytic molecular function; supported by IDA/structure.
GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression
IMP
PMID:24530397
Reciprocal effects between microRNA-140-5p and ADAM10 suppre...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 can indirectly modulate gene expression (e.g. via Notch/signaling substrate processing); a distal transcriptional consequence, not a direct activity.
Reason: Distal transcriptional effect of signaling cleavage; IMP-supported, non-core.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20624979
Role of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 in Staphylococc...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IMP
PMID:20624979
Role of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 in Staphylococc...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0004175 endopeptidase activity
IMP
PMID:29430990
The metalloprotease ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloproteas...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 acts as an endopeptidase, cleaving internal peptide bonds within the ectodomains of transmembrane substrates such as APP and Notch.
Reason: Endopeptidase activity is integral to its sheddase mechanism; IMP/ISS-supported.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23676497
Endocytosis of synaptic ADAM10 in neuronal plasticity and Al...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:30463011
A Dock-and-Lock Mechanism Clusters ADAM10 at Cell-Cell Junct...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IMP
PMID:28164773
Apolipoprotein E-mediated Modulation of ADAM10 in Alzheimer'...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IMP
PMID:28164773
Apolipoprotein E-mediated Modulation of ADAM10 in Alzheimer'...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IMP
PMID:29430990
The metalloprotease ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloproteas...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
IMP
PMID:28164773
Apolipoprotein E-mediated Modulation of ADAM10 in Alzheimer'...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is the principal alpha-secretase, cleaving APP within the amyloid-beta region to drive non-amyloidogenic APP catabolism and preclude Abeta generation.
Reason: Alpha-secretase APP cleavage is a defining ADAM10 function; IMP/ISS-supported.
GO:0046930 pore complex
IMP
PMID:30463011
A Dock-and-Lock Mechanism Clusters ADAM10 at Cell-Cell Junct...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 is implicated in S.aureus alpha-hemolysin pore complex formation by serving as the toxin receptor, a microbial-infection context distinct from its core proteolysis.
Reason: Host-pathogen pore association; non-core component.
GO:0046931 pore complex assembly
IMP
PMID:30463011
A Dock-and-Lock Mechanism Clusters ADAM10 at Cell-Cell Junct...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: By acting as the receptor for S.aureus alpha-hemolysin and clustering it at cell junctions, ADAM10 promotes assembly of cytolytic toxin pores during infection.
Reason: Microbial-infection pore-assembly role; non-core relative to its sheddase function.
GO:0097060 synaptic membrane
IDA
PMID:23676497
Endocytosis of synaptic ADAM10 in neuronal plasticity and Al...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is enriched at synaptic membranes where it cleaves APP and synaptic adhesion/cadherin substrates, contributing to synapse structure and plasticity.
Reason: Synaptic membrane localization is a bona fide functional site; IBA/IDA-supported.
GO:0004175 endopeptidase activity
IMP
PMID:24990881
TREM2 mutations implicated in neurodegeneration impair cell ...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 acts as an endopeptidase, cleaving internal peptide bonds within the ectodomains of transmembrane substrates such as APP and Notch.
Reason: Endopeptidase activity is integral to its sheddase mechanism; IMP/ISS-supported.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IMP
PMID:24990881
TREM2 mutations implicated in neurodegeneration impair cell ...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:30312582
Astroprincin (FAM171A1, C10orf38): A Regulator of Human Cell...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0004175 endopeptidase activity
IMP
PMID:28855301
TREM2 shedding by cleavage at the H157-S158 bond is accelera...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 acts as an endopeptidase, cleaving internal peptide bonds within the ectodomains of transmembrane substrates such as APP and Notch.
Reason: Endopeptidase activity is integral to its sheddase mechanism; IMP/ISS-supported.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IMP
PMID:28855301
TREM2 shedding by cleavage at the H157-S158 bond is accelera...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17301176
Synapse-associated protein-97 mediates alpha-secretase ADAM1...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8952289
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Portions of nascent ADAM10 reside in the ER lumen during folding and maturation, an early secretory-pathway step rather than a site of catalysis.
Reason: Early biosynthetic compartment; non-core.
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9010074
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Portions of nascent ADAM10 reside in the ER lumen during folding and maturation, an early secretory-pathway step rather than a site of catalysis.
Reason: Early biosynthetic compartment; non-core.
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9010113
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Portions of nascent ADAM10 reside in the ER lumen during folding and maturation, an early secretory-pathway step rather than a site of catalysis.
Reason: Early biosynthetic compartment; non-core.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IMP
PMID:20711474
ADAM10 releases a soluble form of the GPNMB/Osteoactivin ext...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0035579 specific granule membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6799350
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 is annotated to neutrophil specific granule membranes (Reactome neutrophil degranulation), a leukocyte-specific compartment peripheral to its core role.
Reason: Granule-membrane pool tied to neutrophil biology; non-core.
GO:0070821 tertiary granule membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6798747
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 is annotated to neutrophil tertiary granule membranes, reflecting its presence in granulocyte degranulation compartments rather than its core sheddase site.
Reason: Leukocyte granule compartment; non-core.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:18355449
Calcium-regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the RAGE rece...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:18419754
The novel sorting nexin SNX33 interferes with cellular PrP f...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0005925 focal adhesion
HDA
PMID:21423176
Analysis of the myosin-II-responsive focal adhesion proteome...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 is detected at focal adhesions (high-throughput data); relevant in the context of S.aureus toxin-induced focal adhesion disruption but not a core site.
Reason: HDA-derived secondary localization; non-core.
GO:0016020 membrane
HDA
PMID:19946888
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is an integral membrane metalloprotease anchored in the lipid bilayer via a single-pass transmembrane segment.
Reason: Membrane localization is intrinsic to the type I membrane protein architecture.
GO:0009986 cell surface
IDA
PMID:23035126
The TspanC8 subgroup of tetraspanins interacts with A disint...
ACCEPT
Summary: Mature ADAM10 is displayed at the cell surface where it sheds ectodomains of L1, VE-cadherin, ephrins and other transmembrane substrates.
Reason: Cell-surface display is integral to its sheddase role; IDA-supported.
GO:0097197 tetraspanin-enriched microdomain
IDA
PMID:23035126
The TspanC8 subgroup of tetraspanins interacts with A disint...
ACCEPT
Summary: Mature ADAM10 partitions into tetraspanin (TspanC8)-enriched microdomains; TspanC8 partners govern its ER exit, surface compartmentalization and substrate selectivity.
Reason: TspanC8 microdomain localization is mechanistically central to ADAM10 regulation; IDA-supported.
GO:0009986 cell surface
IDA
PMID:23091066
TspanC8 tetraspanins regulate ADAM10/Kuzbanian trafficking a...
ACCEPT
Summary: Mature ADAM10 is displayed at the cell surface where it sheds ectodomains of L1, VE-cadherin, ephrins and other transmembrane substrates.
Reason: Cell-surface display is integral to its sheddase role; IDA-supported.
GO:0097038 perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum
IDA
PMID:23091066
TspanC8 tetraspanins regulate ADAM10/Kuzbanian trafficking a...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Immature ADAM10 accumulates in the perinuclear ER prior to TspanC8-regulated exit and maturation, representing a biosynthetic rather than functional site.
Reason: Biosynthetic ER pool; non-core localization.
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
HDA
PMID:20458337
MHC class II-associated proteins in B-cell exosomes and pote...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 is detected in extracellular exosomes/released membrane vesicles, a vesicle-associated pool that can carry sheddase activity but is a peripheral distribution.
Reason: Vesicle-associated extracellular pool; non-core localization.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2220944
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2220976
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2666278
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2730752
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-4224014
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6798747
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6799350
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9010034
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9010074
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9013284
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a single-pass type I membrane protein localized at the plasma membrane, the principal site where it cleaves substrate ectodomains in cis and in trans.
Reason: Cell membrane is the primary catalytic compartment; supported by EXP/IDA and structural work.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IMP
PMID:18355445
Ectodomain shedding of TNF-alpha is enhanced by nardilysin v...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IMP
PMID:18373975
The role of CXCL16 and its processing metalloproteinases ADA...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:18676862
Tumor-associated MICA is shed by ADAM proteases.
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0004222 metalloendopeptidase activity
IMP
PMID:19114711
Substrate requirements for SPPL2b-dependent regulated intram...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.81) that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in substrate ectodomains via its HEXGHXXGXXHD catalytic motif.
Reason: This is ADAM10's core catalytic molecular function; supported by IDA/structure.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:19114711
Substrate requirements for SPPL2b-dependent regulated intram...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:17557115
The Fas ligand intracellular domain is released by ADAM10 an...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IMP
PMID:17965014
Regulated intramembrane proteolysis of Bri2 (Itm2b) by ADAM1...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:10527948
Evidence for an interaction of the metalloprotease-disintegr...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0010820 positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis
IMP
PMID:18373975
The role of CXCL16 and its processing metalloproteinases ADA...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: By shedding endothelial junctional/adhesion molecules (e.g. VE-cadherin, JAM3), ADAM10 promotes T-cell transmigration and chemotaxis.
Reason: Immune migration outcome of substrate cleavage; pleiotropic, non-core.
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation
IMP
PMID:18373975
The role of CXCL16 and its processing metalloproteinases ADA...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Through Notch activation and growth-factor ligand release, ADAM10 can promote cell proliferation, a downstream consequence of its proteolysis.
Reason: Proliferation effect downstream of substrate cleavage; non-core.
GO:0030307 positive regulation of cell growth
IMP
PMID:18373975
The role of CXCL16 and its processing metalloproteinases ADA...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: By releasing growth-factor ligands (e.g. EGFR ligands) ADAM10 can promote cell growth, a downstream signaling consequence of its sheddase activity.
Reason: Growth-promotion downstream of ligand shedding; IMP-supported, non-core.
GO:0030335 positive regulation of cell migration
IMP
PMID:18373975
The role of CXCL16 and its processing metalloproteinases ADA...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10-mediated cleavage of adhesion molecules and release of motogenic ligands can promote cell migration, a pleiotropic downstream effect.
Reason: Migration effect downstream of shedding; non-core.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15280379
ADAM binding protein Eve-1 is required for ectodomain sheddi...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Bare 'protein binding' captures ADAM10's many IPI interactions (tetraspanins, AP2, substrates) but conveys no specific molecular function.
Reason: Uninformative generic MF; specific partner relationships captured elsewhere.
GO:0008237 metallopeptidase activity
IMP
PMID:12535668
Putative function of ADAM9, ADAM10, and ADAM17 as APP alpha-...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 hydrolyzes peptide bonds as a zinc-requiring metallopeptidase, the activity underlying all of its ectodomain-shedding events.
Reason: Correct parent of its catalytic activity; experimentally supported, core.
GO:0034612 response to tumor necrosis factor
IDA
PMID:11831872
Involvement of ADAM9 in multinucleated giant cell formation ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 activity is modulated within TNF responses, a context-specific cellular response rather than a defining feature of the protease.
Reason: Response-to-stimulus annotation; non-core.
GO:0042117 monocyte activation
IMP
PMID:11831872
Involvement of ADAM9 in multinucleated giant cell formation ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 influences monocyte activation, an immune-cell process downstream of its shedding of cytokine receptors and adhesion/signaling substrates.
Reason: Immune-cell process secondary to sheddase activity; IMP-supported, non-core.
GO:0004222 metalloendopeptidase activity
NAS
PMID:8694785
Molecular cloning of MADM: a catalytically active mammalian ...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.81) that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in substrate ectodomains via its HEXGHXXGXXHD catalytic motif.
Reason: This is ADAM10's core catalytic molecular function; supported by IDA/structure.
GO:0005178 integrin binding
NAS
PMID:8694785
Molecular cloning of MADM: a catalytically active mammalian ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10's disintegrin domain can engage integrins, a binding activity relevant to adhesion modulation but ancillary to its core proteolytic function.
Reason: Disintegrin-domain integrin binding is supplementary; NAS-supported, non-core.
GO:0007162 negative regulation of cell adhesion
NAS
PMID:8694785
Molecular cloning of MADM: a catalytically active mammalian ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cleavage of adhesion molecules (L1, cadherins, JAM3) by ADAM10 reduces cell adhesion, a downstream effect of its ectodomain-shedding activity.
Reason: Adhesion modulation is a consequence of shedding; non-core.
GO:0007229 integrin-mediated signaling pathway
NAS
PMID:8694785
Molecular cloning of MADM: a catalytically active mammalian ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Via its disintegrin domain and integrin binding, ADAM10 can engage integrin-mediated signaling, an adhesion-linked process secondary to its core protease role.
Reason: Disintegrin/integrin signaling is ancillary; NAS-supported, non-core.
GO:0016020 membrane
NAS
PMID:8694785
Molecular cloning of MADM: a catalytically active mammalian ...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is an integral membrane metalloprotease anchored in the lipid bilayer via a single-pass transmembrane segment.
Reason: Membrane localization is intrinsic to the type I membrane protein architecture.
GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ADAM10 is essential for embryonic development (largely through Notch and cadherin substrate cleavage); this is a pleiotropic developmental requirement.
Reason: Developmental phenotype downstream of substrate cleavage; non-core.
GO:0007219 Notch signaling pathway
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 performs the S2 cleavage of Notch receptors, the obligatory ectodomain-shedding step that licenses gamma-secretase and Notch signal transduction.
Reason: Notch S2 cleavage is a canonical, essential ADAM10 function; IBA/ISS-supported.
GO:0051089 constitutive protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:12714508
The disintegrin-like metalloproteinase ADAM10 is involved in...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 mediates constitutive (basal, stimulus-independent) ectodomain shedding of substrates such as prion protein and APP, alongside regulated cleavage.
Reason: Constitutive shedding is a documented core mode of ADAM10 action; IDA-supported.
GO:0004175 endopeptidase activity
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 acts as an endopeptidase, cleaving internal peptide bonds within the ectodomains of transmembrane substrates such as APP and Notch.
Reason: Endopeptidase activity is integral to its sheddase mechanism; IMP/ISS-supported.
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
IDA
PMID:12475894
ADAM10-mediated cleavage of L1 adhesion molecule at the cell...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 transits and is detected in the Golgi apparatus, where prodomain processing by furin/PCSK7 contributes to enzyme maturation before surface delivery.
Reason: Golgi localization documented by IDA; part of the maturation/trafficking route.
GO:0005798 Golgi-associated vesicle
IDA
PMID:12475894
ADAM10-mediated cleavage of L1 adhesion molecule at the cell...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 is found in Golgi-derived vesicles, consistent with its trafficking through and budding from the Golgi en route to the plasma membrane.
Reason: Vesicular Golgi pool documented by IDA in PubMed:12475894.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:12714508
The disintegrin-like metalloproteinase ADAM10 is involved in...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10's defining process: proteolytic shedding of the ectodomains of numerous transmembrane proteins (L1, cadherins, ephrins, TREM2, cytokine receptors and more).
Reason: This is the central biological role of ADAM10; strongly supported (IDA/IMP/IBA).
GO:0007162 negative regulation of cell adhesion
IDA
PMID:12714508
The disintegrin-like metalloproteinase ADAM10 is involved in...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cleavage of adhesion molecules (L1, cadherins, JAM3) by ADAM10 reduces cell adhesion, a downstream effect of its ectodomain-shedding activity.
Reason: Adhesion modulation is a consequence of shedding; non-core.
GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling
NAS
PMID:12714508
The disintegrin-like metalloproteinase ADAM10 is involved in...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: By releasing soluble ligands and cleaving receptors, ADAM10 influences cell-cell signaling; this is a broad downstream readout of its proteolysis.
Reason: General signaling consequence; NAS-supported, non-core.
GO:0008237 metallopeptidase activity
IDA
PMID:12475894
ADAM10-mediated cleavage of L1 adhesion molecule at the cell...
ACCEPT
Summary: ADAM10 hydrolyzes peptide bonds as a zinc-requiring metallopeptidase, the activity underlying all of its ectodomain-shedding events.
Reason: Correct parent of its catalytic activity; experimentally supported, core.
GO:0009986 cell surface
IDA
PMID:12475894
ADAM10-mediated cleavage of L1 adhesion molecule at the cell...
ACCEPT
Summary: Mature ADAM10 is displayed at the cell surface where it sheds ectodomains of L1, VE-cadherin, ephrins and other transmembrane substrates.
Reason: Cell-surface display is integral to its sheddase role; IDA-supported.

Core Functions

ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent type I membrane metalloendopeptidase that performs ectodomain shedding and alpha-secretase cleavage of transmembrane substrates at the cell surface and regulated membrane compartments.

Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:26686862
    ADAM10 mediates the ectodomain shedding of more than 40 transmembrane proteins
  • PMID:26686862
    ADAM10-mediated cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) prevents the formation of the amyloid peptide AΞ²
  • PMID:26686862
    ADAM10 is also the main protease for the cleavage of Notch receptors at a site called S2 following ligand binding
  • PMID:33731436
    ADAM10 cleaves APP to generate neuroprotective soluble APPΞ± (sAPPΞ±), which precludes the generation of AΞ²
  • PMID:12475894
    ADAM10 is involved in L1 cleavage, which occurs at the cell surface and in the Golgi apparatus

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: How should ADAM10 substrate selectivity be represented without over-annotating every substrate-specific downstream phenotype as a separate core function?

Suggested experts: ADAM protease experts, GO proteolysis curators

Q: Which ADAM10/tetraspanin complexes determine APP alpha-secretase activity versus Notch, cadherin, immune-receptor, or toxin-related substrate cleavage in vivo?

Suggested experts: tetraspanin biology experts, APP processing experts

Q: Should pathogen-exploitation annotations such as S. aureus alpha-toxin pore formation be segregated from normal evolved ADAM10 sheddase biology in review summaries?

Suggested experts: host-pathogen annotation curators, GO biological process curators

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Use endogenous tagged ADAM10 with substrate-specific reporters for APP, Notch, cadherin, TREM2, CX3CL1, and TNF-family substrates across defined tetraspanin backgrounds.

Hypothesis: Distinct ADAM10/tetraspanin membrane pools tune substrate choice rather than changing the core metalloprotease activity.

Type: substrate-specific sheddase reporter panel

Experiment: Compare ADAM10 Alzheimer-associated variants for maturation, cell-surface localization, APP alpha-cleavage, Notch S2 cleavage, and tetraspanin binding in human neurons.

Hypothesis: ADAM10 variants linked to Alzheimer risk reduce APP alpha-secretase activity through altered maturation or membrane-compartment localization.

Type: endogenous variant knock-in protease trafficking assay

Experiment: Quantify normal substrate shedding separately from S. aureus alpha-toxin pore formation after perturbing junctional ADAM10 docking factors.

Hypothesis: Junctional docking controls pathogen pore formation and some adhesion substrate cleavage without redefining ADAM10 core function.

Type: junctional localization and pathogen-toxin challenge assay

πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(ADAM10-notes.md)

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