APH1A

UniProt ID: Q96BI3
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

APH1A encodes gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A, a multipass membrane protein and essential non-catalytic component of the gamma-secretase intramembrane protease complex. Together with a presenilin catalytic subunit, nicastrin, and PSENEN/PEN-2, APH1A supports complex assembly, stability, and activity toward membrane substrates including APP and Notch receptors. APH1A is enriched in endoplasmic-reticulum and cis-Golgi membranes and participates in regulated intramembrane proteolysis within membrane and endomembrane compartments.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A is an established non-catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and PSENEN/PEN-2.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0034205 amyloid-beta formation
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0016485 protein processing
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures the core regulated intramembrane processing activity of the APH1A-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0030674 protein-macromolecule adaptor activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A acts as a non-catalytic assembly/adaptor subunit that helps stabilize and organize active gamma-secretase complexes.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0007220 Notch receptor processing
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A supports gamma-secretase-dependent Notch receptor processing and release of Notch intracellular domains.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0007219 Notch signaling pathway
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Notch signaling is a downstream pathway output of gamma-secretase-mediated Notch receptor processing.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0006508 proteolysis
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MODIFY
Summary: Generic proteolysis is too broad for APH1A; the supported process is gamma-secretase-dependent intramembrane processing of membrane substrates.
Reason: Replace the broad proteolysis term with the more specific regulated intramembrane-processing terms supported for gamma-secretase.
GO:0016020 membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0016485 protein processing
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures the core regulated intramembrane processing activity of the APH1A-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0032580 Golgi cisterna membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A is an established non-catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and PSENEN/PEN-2.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12297508
Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with APH1A complex membership, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer complex membership and adaptor/activator terms over a broad protein-binding annotation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18201567
Cellular localization of Nicastrin affects amyloid beta spec...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with APH1A complex membership, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer complex membership and adaptor/activator terms over a broad protein-binding annotation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19376115
An alternative spliced mouse presenilin-2 mRNA encodes a nov...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with APH1A complex membership, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer complex membership and adaptor/activator terms over a broad protein-binding annotation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23864651
The identification of novel proteins that interact with the ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with APH1A complex membership, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer complex membership and adaptor/activator terms over a broad protein-binding annotation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25394380
G206D Mutation of Presenilin-1 Reduces Pen2 Interaction, Inc...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with APH1A complex membership, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer complex membership and adaptor/activator terms over a broad protein-binding annotation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26280335
An atomic structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with APH1A complex membership, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer complex membership and adaptor/activator terms over a broad protein-binding annotation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:30559186
Bax inhibitor 1 is a Ξ³-secretase-independent presenilin-bind...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with APH1A complex membership, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer complex membership and adaptor/activator terms over a broad protein-binding annotation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32296183
A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with APH1A complex membership, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer complex membership and adaptor/activator terms over a broad protein-binding annotation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32814053
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with APH1A complex membership, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer complex membership and adaptor/activator terms over a broad protein-binding annotation.
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Broad enzyme binding is plausible for an APH1A gamma-secretase subunit but is less informative than adaptor/activator and complex-membership annotations.
Reason: Retain as non-core because it may reflect real association with the presenilin protease but does not define APH1A primary molecular role.
GO:0061133 endopeptidase activator activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A is required for normal gamma-secretase assembly and activity, supporting an endopeptidase activator role at the complex level.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
EXP
PMID:12522139
PEN-2 and APH-1 coordinately regulate proteolytic processing...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
NAS
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma-membrane annotations are plausible for gamma-secretase substrate events, but APH1A-specific steady-state localization is strongest for ER and cis-Golgi membranes.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the site is biologically plausible for substrate processing without being the clearest APH1A-defining location.
GO:0007220 Notch receptor processing
NAS
PMID:10206645
A presenilin-1-dependent gamma-secretase-like protease media...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A supports gamma-secretase-dependent Notch receptor processing and release of Notch intracellular domains.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0031293 membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures the core regulated intramembrane processing activity of the APH1A-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IPI
PMID:26280335
An atomic structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A is an established non-catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and PSENEN/PEN-2.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane
NAS
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0007220 Notch receptor processing
IMP
PMID:12297508
Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and ...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A supports gamma-secretase-dependent Notch receptor processing and release of Notch intracellular domains.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0007220 Notch receptor processing
IDA
PMID:27608597
Specific combinations of presenilins and Aph1s affect the su...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A supports gamma-secretase-dependent Notch receptor processing and release of Notch intracellular domains.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0016485 protein processing
IMP
PMID:12297508
Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and ...
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures the core regulated intramembrane processing activity of the APH1A-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0016485 protein processing
IGI
PMID:12763021
APH1, PEN2, and Nicastrin increase Abeta levels and gamma-se...
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures the core regulated intramembrane processing activity of the APH1A-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0016485 protein processing
IDA
PMID:27608597
Specific combinations of presenilins and Aph1s affect the su...
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures the core regulated intramembrane processing activity of the APH1A-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0030674 protein-macromolecule adaptor activity
IMP
PMID:12297508
Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and ...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A acts as a non-catalytic assembly/adaptor subunit that helps stabilize and organize active gamma-secretase complexes.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0034205 amyloid-beta formation
IMP
PMID:12297508
Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and ...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0034205 amyloid-beta formation
IGI
PMID:12763021
APH1, PEN2, and Nicastrin increase Abeta levels and gamma-se...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0034205 amyloid-beta formation
IDA
PMID:27608597
Specific combinations of presenilins and Aph1s affect the su...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
IGI
PMID:12763021
APH1, PEN2, and Nicastrin increase Abeta levels and gamma-se...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:27608597
Specific combinations of presenilins and Aph1s affect the su...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0061133 endopeptidase activator activity
IMP
PMID:12297508
Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and ...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A is required for normal gamma-secretase assembly and activity, supporting an endopeptidase activator role at the complex level.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0061133 endopeptidase activator activity
IGI
PMID:12763021
APH1, PEN2, and Nicastrin increase Abeta levels and gamma-se...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A is required for normal gamma-secretase assembly and activity, supporting an endopeptidase activator role at the complex level.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IDA
PMID:12297508
Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and ...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A is an established non-catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and PSENEN/PEN-2.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0010008 endosome membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9010096
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:25043039
Three-dimensional structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:26280335
An atomic structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0034205 amyloid-beta formation
IMP
PMID:25043039
Three-dimensional structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0034205 amyloid-beta formation
IMP
PMID:26280335
An atomic structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0042982 amyloid precursor protein metabolic process
IDA
PMID:25043039
Three-dimensional structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0042982 amyloid precursor protein metabolic process
IDA
PMID:26280335
An atomic structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IDA
PMID:25043039
Three-dimensional structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A is an established non-catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and PSENEN/PEN-2.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IDA
PMID:26280335
An atomic structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A is an established non-catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and PSENEN/PEN-2.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0016020 membrane
HDA
PMID:19946888
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1251997
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma-membrane annotations are plausible for gamma-secretase substrate events, but APH1A-specific steady-state localization is strongest for ER and cis-Golgi membranes.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the site is biologically plausible for substrate processing without being the clearest APH1A-defining location.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-193682
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma-membrane annotations are plausible for gamma-secretase substrate events, but APH1A-specific steady-state localization is strongest for ER and cis-Golgi membranes.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the site is biologically plausible for substrate processing without being the clearest APH1A-defining location.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-205112
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma-membrane annotations are plausible for gamma-secretase substrate events, but APH1A-specific steady-state localization is strongest for ER and cis-Golgi membranes.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the site is biologically plausible for substrate processing without being the clearest APH1A-defining location.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2220988
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma-membrane annotations are plausible for gamma-secretase substrate events, but APH1A-specific steady-state localization is strongest for ER and cis-Golgi membranes.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the site is biologically plausible for substrate processing without being the clearest APH1A-defining location.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3928656
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma-membrane annotations are plausible for gamma-secretase substrate events, but APH1A-specific steady-state localization is strongest for ER and cis-Golgi membranes.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the site is biologically plausible for substrate processing without being the clearest APH1A-defining location.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9013361
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma-membrane annotations are plausible for gamma-secretase substrate events, but APH1A-specific steady-state localization is strongest for ER and cis-Golgi membranes.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the site is biologically plausible for substrate processing without being the clearest APH1A-defining location.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9017817
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma-membrane annotations are plausible for gamma-secretase substrate events, but APH1A-specific steady-state localization is strongest for ER and cis-Golgi membranes.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the site is biologically plausible for substrate processing without being the clearest APH1A-defining location.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9839376
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma-membrane annotations are plausible for gamma-secretase substrate events, but APH1A-specific steady-state localization is strongest for ER and cis-Golgi membranes.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the site is biologically plausible for substrate processing without being the clearest APH1A-defining location.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-2197556
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma-membrane annotations are plausible for gamma-secretase substrate events, but APH1A-specific steady-state localization is strongest for ER and cis-Golgi membranes.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the site is biologically plausible for substrate processing without being the clearest APH1A-defining location.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-9604300
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma-membrane annotations are plausible for gamma-secretase substrate events, but APH1A-specific steady-state localization is strongest for ER and cis-Golgi membranes.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the site is biologically plausible for substrate processing without being the clearest APH1A-defining location.
GO:0031293 membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis
IMP
PMID:12297508
Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and ...
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures the core regulated intramembrane processing activity of the APH1A-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
IMP
PMID:12297508
Mammalian APH-1 interacts with presenilin and nicastrin and ...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with APH1A as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit, especially its ER/cis-Golgi localization.
Reason: APH1A is a multipass membrane protein in the gamma-secretase complex; ER, Golgi, endosomal, and general membrane localizations are consistent with the curated biology.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
MODIFY
Summary: Gamma-secretase acts after ectodomain shedding and performs intramembrane cleavage; ectodomain proteolysis is not the best APH1A process label.
Reason: Use an intramembrane substrate-processing term rather than ectodomain proteolysis for the APH1A-containing gamma-secretase complex.
GO:0007220 Notch receptor processing
TAS
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A supports gamma-secretase-dependent Notch receptor processing and release of Notch intracellular domains.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0016485 protein processing
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures the core regulated intramembrane processing activity of the APH1A-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
TAS
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: APH1A-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing that generates amyloid-beta-related products.
Reason: The term aligns with APH1A function as a non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that supports complex assembly/activity and APP/Notch intramembrane processing.

Core Functions

APH1A is an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that helps assemble and stabilize the APH1A-containing presenilin/nicastrin/PSENEN complex, enabling presenilin-dependent intramembrane cleavage of APP, Notch receptors, and related membrane substrates.

Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:12297508
    physically associates with nicastrin and the heterodimers of the presenilin
  • PMID:12297508
    mAPH-1 is probably a functional component of the gamma-secretase complex required for the intramembrane proteolysis of APP and Notch
  • PMID:12763021
    APH1a, APH1b, PEN2, and Nicastrin proteins, which are part of the gamma-secretase complex with PS1
  • PMID:12763021
    these components are essential for gamma-secretase activity
  • PMID:25043039
    The Ξ³-secretase complex consists of four components: presenilin, Pen-2, Aph-1, and Nicastrin
  • PMID:25043039
    Cleavage of the substrate APP-C100 was blocked by the specific inhibitor III-31C
  • file:human/APH1A/APH1A-deep-research-falcon.md
    nicastrin (NCT) and APH1A first associate to form the initial subcomplex

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Which APH1A-containing gamma-secretase assemblies operate in ER/cis-Golgi compartments versus later endosomal or cell-surface substrate-processing compartments in human neural and glial cells?

Suggested experts: gamma-secretase complex experts, Notch and APP processing experts

Q: How should GO distinguish APH1A adaptor/assembly activity from APH1A contribution to presenilin catalytic activity within gamma-secretase?

Suggested experts: GO molecular-function curators, gamma-secretase structure-function experts

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Compare endogenous APH1A and APH1B knockout or isoform-rescue human neural cells for APP, Notch, and other gamma-secretase substrate cleavage in ER/Golgi, endosomal, and plasma-membrane-enriched fractions.

Hypothesis: APH1A-containing complexes have compartment- and substrate-specific roles that are not fully captured by generic gamma-secretase annotations.

Type: endogenous isoform-rescue substrate-processing assay

Experiment: Introduce APH1A interface mutations in endogenous cells and quantify presenilin maturation, nicastrin association, complex abundance, and substrate-specific cleavage products.

Hypothesis: APH1A primarily controls gamma-secretase assembly/stability and substrate-processing competence rather than catalysis directly.

Type: complex assembly and activity assay

Deep Research

Falcon

(APH1A-deep-research-falcon.md)

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πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(APH1A-notes.md)

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πŸ“„ View Raw YAML

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