ARL16 is a 173-residue Arf-family small GTPase, present since the last eukaryotic common ancestor, with an atypical G-3 motif. In its GTP-bound form it binds the C-terminal domain of the viral RNA sensor RIG-I and blocks RNA binding, restraining RIG-I-mediated interferon signalling. It localizes along the ciliary axoneme, in the cytosol and in mitochondria of RPE1 cells, and in the ciliary region and inner segment of human photoreceptors. In mouse cells it is needed for normal ciliogenesis and for export of IFT140 and INPP5E from the Golgi to cilia.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001917 photoreceptor inner segment | EXP PMID:35196065 Phylogenetic profiling and cellular analyses of ARL16 reveal... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Photoreceptor inner segment (EXP). In human retina ARL16 immunostaining labels the photoreceptor ciliary region and inner segment; kept as a non-core tissue-specific location. Reason: [PMID:35196065 "Prominent ARL16 immunofluorescence labeled the ciliary region (CR) and the inner segment of the photoreceptor layer."] Supporting Evidence: PMID:35196065 Prominent ARL16 immunofluorescence labeled the ciliary region (CR) and the inner segment of the photoreceptor layer. |
| GO:0001917 photoreceptor inner segment | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Photoreceptor inner segment (IEA). In human retina ARL16 immunostaining labels the photoreceptor ciliary region and inner segment; kept as a non-core tissue-specific location. Reason: [PMID:35196065 "Prominent ARL16 immunofluorescence labeled the ciliary region (CR) and the inner segment of the photoreceptor layer."] Supporting Evidence: PMID:35196065 Prominent ARL16 immunofluorescence labeled the ciliary region (CR) and the inner segment of the photoreceptor layer. |
| GO:0003924 GTPase activity | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | UNDECIDED | Summary: GTPase activity (IEA, InterPro ARF family). ARL16 has an atypical G-3 motif, and no GTP hydrolysis has been measured; left undecided. Reason: [PMID:38606629 "ARL16 was kept in its wild-type (WT) form as the G-3 motif is atypic"] Supporting Evidence: PMID:38606629 ARL16 was kept in its wild-type (WT) form as the G-3 motif is atypic |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:21233210 ARF-like protein 16 (ARL16) inhibits RIG-I by binding with i... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with RIG-I. GTP-bound ARL16 binds the RIG-I C-terminal domain and blocks RNA binding, inhibiting RIG-I signalling. The functional consequence is captured by the NEW negative regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway row, and no MF term names this binding more informatively, so the generic row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: [PMID:21233210 "ARL16 interacted with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RIG-I to suppress the association between RIG-I and RNA."] Supporting Evidence: PMID:21233210 ARL16 interacted with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RIG-I to suppress the association between RIG-I and RNA. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with PDE6D, from the HI-II-14 binary yeast two-hybrid map. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with AMPH, from the HI-II-14 binary yeast two-hybrid map. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with GOLGA2, from the HI-II-14 binary yeast two-hybrid map. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:31515488 Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with PDE6D, from a yeast two-hybrid study of variant effects. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:31515488 Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with AMPH, from a yeast two-hybrid study of variant effects. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:31515488 Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with GOLGA2, from a yeast two-hybrid study of variant effects. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with PDE6D, from the HuRI binary yeast two-hybrid map. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with TCF4, from the HuRI binary yeast two-hybrid map. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with AMPH, from the HuRI binary yeast two-hybrid map. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with REL, from the HuRI binary yeast two-hybrid map. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with DEUP1, from the HuRI binary yeast two-hybrid map. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with GOLGA2, from the HuRI binary yeast two-hybrid map. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with GLYR1, from the HuRI binary yeast two-hybrid map. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with TCF12, from the HuRI binary yeast two-hybrid map. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with PMP22, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with PRKN, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with VAPB, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with SOD1, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with APP, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with APP, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with SNCA, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with HTT, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with PSEN2, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with ATXN1, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with TARDBP, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with PEX26, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with APBB2, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32814053 Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding (IPI) with OPTN, from a yeast two-hybrid neurodegeneration interactome. Generic protein binding carries no functional information and no specific term captures this interaction, so the row is removed. Removal does not mean the interaction is false. Reason: Removed under the generic protein-binding policy: GO:0005515 is uninformative on its own. |
| GO:0005525 GTP binding | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: GTP binding (IEA, InterPro ARF family). In vitro-expressed ARL16 binds radiolabelled GTP, and the T37N mutant does not. Mutants restricted to the GTP-free form fail to bind RIG-I and lose their inhibitory function; accepted as its core molecular property. Reason: [PMID:21233210 "The results showed that, like ARF1 and ARL1, wild type of ARL16, T61N, and C81L expressed in vitro bound to P 32 -labeled GTP, but T37N did not"] [PMID:21233210 "ARL16 (T37N) and ARL16Ξ45β54, which were restricted to the GTP-disassociated form, did not interact with RIG-I and also lost the inhibitory function."] Supporting Evidence: PMID:21233210 The results showed that, like ARF1 and ARL1, wild type of ARL16, T61N, and C81L expressed in vitro bound to P 32 -labeled GTP, but T37N did not PMID:21233210 ARL16 (T37N) and ARL16Ξ45β54, which were restricted to the GTP-disassociated form, did not interact with RIG-I and also lost the inhibitory function. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | EXP PMID:35196065 Phylogenetic profiling and cellular analyses of ARL16 reveal... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasm (EXP). ARL16 shows diffuse cytosolic staining in RPE1 cells, where it can meet the cytosolic RNA sensor RIG-I; accepted. Reason: [PMID:35196065 "ARL16 also localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondria, as evidenced by its diffuse staining across the cell and colocalization with the mitochondrial protein HSP60, respectively (Supplemental Figure S2A)."] Supporting Evidence: PMID:35196065 ARL16 also localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondria, as evidenced by its diffuse staining across the cell and colocalization with the mitochondrial protein HSP60, respectively (Supplemental Figure S2A). |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IDA PMID:21233210 ARF-like protein 16 (ARL16) inhibits RIG-I by binding with i... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasm (IDA). ARL16 shows diffuse cytosolic staining in RPE1 cells, where it can meet the cytosolic RNA sensor RIG-I; accepted. Reason: [PMID:35196065 "ARL16 also localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondria, as evidenced by its diffuse staining across the cell and colocalization with the mitochondrial protein HSP60, respectively (Supplemental Figure S2A)."] Supporting Evidence: PMID:35196065 ARL16 also localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondria, as evidenced by its diffuse staining across the cell and colocalization with the mitochondrial protein HSP60, respectively (Supplemental Figure S2A). |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasm (IEA). ARL16 shows diffuse cytosolic staining in RPE1 cells, where it can meet the cytosolic RNA sensor RIG-I; accepted. Reason: [PMID:35196065 "ARL16 also localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondria, as evidenced by its diffuse staining across the cell and colocalization with the mitochondrial protein HSP60, respectively (Supplemental Figure S2A)."] Supporting Evidence: PMID:35196065 ARL16 also localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondria, as evidenced by its diffuse staining across the cell and colocalization with the mitochondrial protein HSP60, respectively (Supplemental Figure S2A). |
| GO:0005739 mitochondrion | EXP PMID:35196065 Phylogenetic profiling and cellular analyses of ARL16 reveal... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Mitochondrion (EXP). In RPE1 cells ARL16 co-localizes with the mitochondrial protein HSP60. The authors attribute this to a longer ARL16 variant, so it may be isoform-dependent. Kept as non-core, as its known functions are ciliary and RIG-I-related. Reason: [PMID:35196065 "ARL16 also localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondria, as evidenced by its diffuse staining across the cell and colocalization with the mitochondrial protein HSP60, respectively (Supplemental Figure S2A)."] [PMID:35196065 "Because the endogenous staining of ARL16 in RPE1 cells displays prominent mitochondrial localization, we believe that these cells express at least some of the longer form of ARL16."] Checked for the ORGANELLES project (2026-10-24); a direct row whose assay (endogenous ARL16 co-staining with HSP60, plus the expressed 197-residue long variant) resolves the organelle only, so under rule 2 it stays at the root as non-core. Supporting Evidence: PMID:35196065 ARL16 also localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondria, as evidenced by its diffuse staining across the cell and colocalization with the mitochondrial protein HSP60, respectively (Supplemental Figure S2A). PMID:35196065 Because the endogenous staining of ARL16 in RPE1 cells displays prominent mitochondrial localization, we believe that these cells express at least some of the longer form of ARL16. |
| GO:0005739 mitochondrion | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Mitochondrion (IEA). In RPE1 cells ARL16 co-localizes with the mitochondrial protein HSP60. The authors attribute this to a longer ARL16 variant, so it may be isoform-dependent. Kept as non-core, as its known functions are ciliary and RIG-I-related. Reason: [PMID:35196065 "ARL16 also localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondria, as evidenced by its diffuse staining across the cell and colocalization with the mitochondrial protein HSP60, respectively (Supplemental Figure S2A)."] [PMID:35196065 "Because the endogenous staining of ARL16 in RPE1 cells displays prominent mitochondrial localization, we believe that these cells express at least some of the longer form of ARL16."] Examined as a synthesis row (ORGANELLES, 2026-10-24); GO_REF:0000044 maps UniProt SL-0173, which UniProt records for ARL16 with ECO:0000269 from PMID:35196065, so the feature the mapping assumes is present and the organelle claim stands as non-core. Stays at the root, because there is only one weak line for any sub-compartment. ARL16 is a small soluble Arf-family GTPase with no transmembrane segment, and the canonical 173-residue chain has no presequence; the authors attribute the mitochondrial signal to a 197-residue N-terminally extended variant (whether the extension acts as a presequence is untested), which UniProt lists only as an erroneous-initiation sequence caution. No fractionation or protease-protection data exist. Supporting Evidence: PMID:35196065 ARL16 also localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondria, as evidenced by its diffuse staining across the cell and colocalization with the mitochondrial protein HSP60, respectively (Supplemental Figure S2A). PMID:35196065 Because the endogenous staining of ARL16 in RPE1 cells displays prominent mitochondrial localization, we believe that these cells express at least some of the longer form of ARL16. |
| GO:0005930 axoneme | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Axoneme (IEA). Endogenous ARL16 localizes in puncta along the ciliary axoneme in human RPE1 cells; accepted as its ciliary location. Reason: [PMID:35196065 "revealed that ARL16 localizes along the ciliary axoneme in a punctate manner (Figure 2A)."] Supporting Evidence: PMID:35196065 revealed that ARL16 localizes along the ciliary axoneme in a punctate manner (Figure 2A). |
| GO:0036064 ciliary basal body | IDA PMID:35196065 Phylogenetic profiling and cellular analyses of ARL16 reveal... | NEW | Summary: Ciliary basal body (NEW, IDA). In human photoreceptors ARL16 sits in the periciliary region at the base of the connecting cilium, and co-staining with centrin 3 shows it at the basal body next to the daughter centriole. UniProt records this location from the same paper, but GOA has no row for it. This is the site from which its Golgi-to-cilium cargo role would operate. Reason: [PMID:35196065 "Higher magnification of the ciliary region revealed the localization of ARL16 in the periciliary region at the base of the connecting cilium (stained by antiβcentrin 3) in human photoreceptor cells (Figure 2B, bottom panels)."] [PMID:35196065 "The centrin 3 costaining further showed that ARL16 labeled the basal body next to the daughter centriole."] Supporting Evidence: PMID:35196065 Higher magnification of the ciliary region revealed the localization of ARL16 in the periciliary region at the base of the connecting cilium (stained by antiβcentrin 3) in human photoreceptor cells (Figure 2B, bottom panels). PMID:35196065 The centrin 3 costaining further showed that ARL16 labeled the basal body next to the daughter centriole. |
| GO:0039536 negative regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway | IMP PMID:21233210 ARF-like protein 16 (ARL16) inhibits RIG-I by binding with i... | NEW | Summary: Negative regulation of RIG-I signaling pathway (NEW, IMP). ARL16 overexpression inhibits RIG-I signalling and antiviral activity, its knockdown increases virus-induced IFN-beta, and GTP-bound ARL16 binds the RIG-I CTD to block RNA binding. ARL16 performs the inhibitory step itself. Reason: [PMID:21233210 "Overexpression of ARL16, but not its homologous proteins ARL1 and ARF1, inhibited RIG-I-mediated downstream signaling and antiviral activity."] [PMID:21233210 "Knockdown of endogenous ARL16 by RNAi potentiated Sendai virus-induced IFN-Ξ² expression and vesicular stomatitis virus replication."] [PMID:21233210 "ARL16 interacted with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RIG-I to suppress the association between RIG-I and RNA."] Supporting Evidence: PMID:21233210 Overexpression of ARL16, but not its homologous proteins ARL1 and ARF1, inhibited RIG-I-mediated downstream signaling and antiviral activity. PMID:21233210 Knockdown of endogenous ARL16 by RNAi potentiated Sendai virus-induced IFN-Ξ² expression and vesicular stomatitis virus replication. PMID:21233210 ARL16 interacted with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RIG-I to suppress the association between RIG-I and RNA. |
| GO:0061512 protein localization to cilium | ISO PMID:35196065 Phylogenetic profiling and cellular analyses of ARL16 reveal... | NEW | Summary: Protein localization to cilium (NEW, ISO from mouse Arl16). Arl16 knockout fibroblasts lose ciliary IFT140, INPP5E, ARL13B and ARL3, and IFT140 and INPP5E accumulate at the Golgi, indicating a role in Golgi-to-cilium traffic of specific cargo. Reason: [PMID:35196065 "Instead, both INPP5E and IFT140 accumulate at the Golgi in Arl16 KO lines, while other intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins do not, suggesting a specific defect in traffic from Golgi to cilia."] [PMID:35196065 "Deletion of ARL16 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) results in decreased ciliogenesis yet increased ciliary length."] Supporting Evidence: PMID:35196065 Instead, both INPP5E and IFT140 accumulate at the Golgi in Arl16 KO lines, while other intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins do not, suggesting a specific defect in traffic from Golgi to cilia. PMID:35196065 Deletion of ARL16 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) results in decreased ciliogenesis yet increased ciliary length. |
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Experiment: Measure GTP hydrolysis by purified ARL16, given its atypical G-3 motif, and identify its GEF and GAP.
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