ARL8B is a conserved Arf-like small GTPase that associates with lysosomal and endolysosomal membranes in its active GTP-bound state. Through effector interactions with BORC, PLEKHM2/SKIP-kinesin, PLEKHM1/HOPS, VPS41, and RUFY proteins, it coordinates lysosome positioning, endolysosomal cargo delivery, and lysosome fusion or exocytosis in contexts including autophagic cargo degradation, phagosome maturation, antigen presentation, cytolytic granule polarization, plasma membrane repair, and beta-coronavirus egress.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
|
GO:0005765
lysosomal membrane
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0008089
anterograde axonal transport
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: anterograde axonal transport is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology and automated/by-similarity transfer.
Reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0003924
GTPase activity
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTPase activity annotation is consistent with direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
Reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct subfamily of the small GTPases
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
|
|
GO:0003925
G protein activity
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000003 |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: ARL8B is a monomeric Arf-like small GTPase, so the heterotrimeric G protein activity term is not the best molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The cited evidence supports small-GTPase biology captured by GO:0003924 GTPase activity, which is already present and accepted; GO:0003925 is over-broad or semantically imprecise for ARL8B.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct subfamily of the small GTPases
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
|
|
GO:0005525
GTP binding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTP binding annotation is consistent with direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
Reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct subfamily of the small GTPases
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
|
|
GO:0005765
lysosomal membrane
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0005819
spindle
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: spindle comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
Reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal small-GTPase role established by later work.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
|
|
GO:0005829
cytosol
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: Cytosol is a generic automated localization and is less informative than ARL8B lysosomal membrane/endolysosomal localization.
Reason: ARL8B cycles between soluble and membrane-associated states, but the curated functional signal is the active lysosomal/endolysosomal membrane pool; generic cytosol is over-annotated for this review.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes
|
|
GO:0015031
protein transport
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The broad protein transport IEA captures the general trafficking theme but is too nonspecific for ARL8B.
Reason: ARL8B evidence supports lysosome positioning and specific late-endosome/phagosome/autophagosome-to-lysosome traffic rather than generic protein transport; the more specific lysosome localization and late endosome-to-lysosome transport annotations are already present and accepted.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21802320
Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran, receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
PMID:22172677
Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
PMID:28325809
Arl8b, along with its effectors, orchestrates lysosomal transport and fusion.
|
|
GO:0030424
axon
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: axon is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology and automated/by-similarity transfer.
Reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0031901
early endosome membrane
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: early endosome membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:36282215
Arl8b determines RUFY1 endosomal localization through regulating its interaction with Rab14.
PMID:36282215
RUFY1 depletion led to a delay in CI-M6PR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN, resulting in impaired delivery of newly synthesized hydrolases to lysosomes.
|
|
GO:0031902
late endosome membrane
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: late endosome membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0045202
synapse
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: synapse is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology and automated/by-similarity transfer.
Reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0051233
spindle midzone
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: spindle midzone comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
Reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal small-GTPase role established by later work.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
|
|
GO:0101004
cytolytic granule membrane
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: cytolytic granule membrane is supported for NK cells, where ARL8B localizes to lytic granules and promotes polarization toward the immune synapse.
Reason: This is a well-supported lysosome-related organelle function in a specialized immune-cell context, not the general core function of ARL8B.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24088571
Arl8b colocalizes with perforin, granzyme B, and LAMP-1, markers of lytic granules.
|
|
GO:1904115
axon cytoplasm
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000108 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: axon cytoplasm is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology and automated/by-similarity transfer.
Reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:28325809 The Rab7 effector PLEKHM1 binds Arl8b to promote cargo traff... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: PLEKHM1 binding is real and biologically important for HOPS-linked lysosomal fusion, but generic protein binding is not an informative GO molecular function for ARL8B.
Reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology and is therefore over-annotated.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28325809
Arl8b mediates recruitment of HOPS complex to PLEKHM1-positive vesicle contact sites.
PMID:28325809
Arl8b binding is crucial for PLEKHM1 to promote lysosomal degradation of endocytic and autophagic cargo.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The HuRI protein interaction is a broad interactome finding and does not define a specific ARL8B molecular function beyond generic binding.
Reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology and is therefore over-annotated.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32296183
A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
|
|
GO:0002505
antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II is supported by immune-cell lysosomal trafficking studies but is context-specific.
Reason: ARL8B controls delivery of antigen-containing cargo to lysosomal compartments; antigen presentation is a downstream immune-cell outcome rather than the core molecular role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21802320
Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran, receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
|
|
GO:0005764
lysosome
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosome is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0008089
anterograde axonal transport
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: anterograde axonal transport is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology and automated/by-similarity transfer.
Reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0046754
viral exocytosis
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: ARL8B-dependent lysosomal exocytosis is exploited by beta-coronaviruses for viral egress.
Reason: The process annotation is supported for infection biology, but it represents pathogen exploitation of ARL8B-dependent lysosomal exocytosis rather than a core host function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:33157038
these viruses use a lysosomal, Arl8b-dependent exocytic pathway for release into the extracellular environment.
|
|
GO:1902774
late endosome to lysosome transport
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: late endosome to lysosome transport is supported by ARL8B loss-of-function cargo-delivery assays and HOPS recruitment evidence.
Reason: This captures ARL8B-dependent delivery of endocytic cargo to lysosomes, a core part of its endolysosomal trafficking role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21802320
Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran, receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
PMID:21802320
Arl8b was found to bind and recruit the VPS41 subunit of the HOPS (homotypic fusion and protein sorting) complex to lysosomes.
PMID:28325809
Arl8b, along with its effectors, orchestrates lysosomal transport and fusion.
|
|
GO:0005765
lysosomal membrane
|
EXP
PMID:16650381 The Arf-family protein, Arl8b, is involved in the spatial di... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0005765
lysosomal membrane
|
EXP
PMID:21802320 Lysosomal trafficking, antigen presentation, and microbial k... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0005765
lysosomal membrane
|
EXP
PMID:28325809 The Rab7 effector PLEKHM1 binds Arl8b to promote cargo traff... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0005765
lysosomal membrane
|
EXP
PMID:29592961 Lysosome-Mediated Plasma Membrane Repair Is Dependent on the... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0031902
late endosome membrane
|
EXP
PMID:16537643 An N-terminally acetylated Arf-like GTPase is localised to l... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: late endosome membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0045202
synapse
|
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: synapse is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology and automated/by-similarity transfer.
Reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:35314674 RUFY3 and RUFY4 are ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of ... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: RUFY3/RUFY4 interactions support ARL8B-dependent endolysosome motor coupling, but generic protein binding does not capture the specific small-GTPase effector relationship.
Reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology and is therefore over-annotated.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:35314674
RUFY3 and RUFY4 are ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin
PMID:35314674
ARL8 can thus regulate both anterograde and retrograde endolysosome transport through interactions with kinesin and dynein-dynactin motors
|
|
GO:0003924
GTPase activity
|
IDA
PMID:16537643 An N-terminally acetylated Arf-like GTPase is localised to l... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTPase activity annotation is consistent with direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
Reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct subfamily of the small GTPases
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
|
|
GO:0031901
early endosome membrane
|
IDA
PMID:36282215 RUFY1 binds Arl8b and mediates endosome-to-TGN CI-M6PR retri... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: early endosome membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:36282215
Arl8b determines RUFY1 endosomal localization through regulating its interaction with Rab14.
PMID:36282215
RUFY1 depletion led to a delay in CI-M6PR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN, resulting in impaired delivery of newly synthesized hydrolases to lysosomes.
|
|
GO:0034498
early endosome to Golgi transport
|
IDA
PMID:36282215 RUFY1 binds Arl8b and mediates endosome-to-TGN CI-M6PR retri... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: early endosome to Golgi transport is supported by RUFY1-dependent CI-M6PR retrieval work.
Reason: This is a specific cargo-sorting branch of ARL8B biology and supports lysosomal hydrolase delivery, but it is secondary to the major lysosome positioning/fusion role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:36282215
RUFY1 depletion led to a delay in CI-M6PR retrieval from endosomes to the TGN, resulting in impaired delivery of newly synthesized hydrolases to lysosomes.
|
|
GO:1902946
protein localization to early endosome
|
IDA
PMID:36282215 RUFY1 binds Arl8b and mediates endosome-to-TGN CI-M6PR retri... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: protein localization to early endosome is supported by RUFY1-dependent CI-M6PR retrieval work.
Reason: This is a specific cargo-sorting branch of ARL8B biology and supports lysosomal hydrolase delivery, but it is secondary to the major lysosome positioning/fusion role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:36282215
Arl8b determines RUFY1 endosomal localization through regulating its interaction with Rab14.
|
|
GO:0046754
viral exocytosis
|
IMP
PMID:33157038 β-Coronaviruses Use Lysosomes for Egress Instead of the Bios... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: ARL8B-dependent lysosomal exocytosis is exploited by beta-coronaviruses for viral egress.
Reason: The process annotation is supported for infection biology, but it represents pathogen exploitation of ARL8B-dependent lysosomal exocytosis rather than a core host function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:33157038
these viruses use a lysosomal, Arl8b-dependent exocytic pathway for release into the extracellular environment.
|
|
GO:0003925
G protein activity
|
IDA
PMID:16537643 An N-terminally acetylated Arf-like GTPase is localised to l... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: ARL8B is a monomeric Arf-like small GTPase, so the heterotrimeric G protein activity term is not the best molecular-function annotation.
Reason: The cited evidence supports small-GTPase biology captured by GO:0003924 GTPase activity, which is already present and accepted; GO:0003925 is over-broad or semantically imprecise for ARL8B.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct subfamily of the small GTPases
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
|
|
GO:0005765
lysosomal membrane
|
IDA
PMID:27808481 RNF167 targets Arl8B for degradation to regulate lysosome po... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0032418
lysosome localization
|
IDA
PMID:16537643 An N-terminally acetylated Arf-like GTPase is localised to l... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
Reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
PMID:22172677
Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
PMID:25898167
BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
|
|
GO:0032418
lysosome localization
|
IDA
PMID:27808481 RNF167 targets Arl8B for degradation to regulate lysosome po... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
Reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
PMID:22172677
Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
PMID:25898167
BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
|
|
GO:0042267
natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
|
IMP
PMID:24088571 Arf-like GTPase Arl8b regulates lytic granule polarization a... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity is supported for NK cells, where ARL8B localizes to lytic granules and promotes polarization toward the immune synapse.
Reason: This is a well-supported lysosome-related organelle function in a specialized immune-cell context, not the general core function of ARL8B.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24088571
Arl8b drives the polarization of lytic granules and microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) toward the immune synapse
|
|
GO:0101004
cytolytic granule membrane
|
IDA
PMID:24088571 Arf-like GTPase Arl8b regulates lytic granule polarization a... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: cytolytic granule membrane is supported for NK cells, where ARL8B localizes to lytic granules and promotes polarization toward the immune synapse.
Reason: This is a well-supported lysosome-related organelle function in a specialized immune-cell context, not the general core function of ARL8B.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24088571
Arl8b colocalizes with perforin, granzyme B, and LAMP-1, markers of lytic granules.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:22172677 Arl8 and SKIP act together to link lysosomes to kinesin-1. |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: PLEKHM2/SKIP binding is central to ARL8B-dependent kinesin recruitment, but protein binding is too generic relative to the lysosome localization process annotation.
Reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology and is therefore over-annotated.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22172677
Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
PMID:22172677
Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
|
|
GO:0005765
lysosomal membrane
|
IDA
PMID:22172677 Arl8 and SKIP act together to link lysosomes to kinesin-1. |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0032418
lysosome localization
|
IMP
PMID:22172677 Arl8 and SKIP act together to link lysosomes to kinesin-1. |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
Reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
PMID:22172677
Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
PMID:25898167
BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
|
|
GO:0005764
lysosome
|
IDA
PMID:28325809 The Rab7 effector PLEKHM1 binds Arl8b to promote cargo traff... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosome is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0032418
lysosome localization
|
IDA
PMID:28325809 The Rab7 effector PLEKHM1 binds Arl8b to promote cargo traff... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
Reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
PMID:22172677
Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
PMID:25898167
BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
|
|
GO:0061909
autophagosome-lysosome fusion
|
IMP
PMID:28325809 The Rab7 effector PLEKHM1 binds Arl8b to promote cargo traff... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ARL8B contributes to autophagosome-lysosome fusion through PLEKHM1/HOPS-linked lysosomal contact sites.
Reason: The evidence is stronger for lysosomal tethering/fusion with autophagic cargo than for a separate autophagosome-positioning role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28325809
Arl8b mediates recruitment of HOPS complex to PLEKHM1-positive vesicle contact sites.
PMID:28325809
Arl8b binding is crucial for PLEKHM1 to promote lysosomal degradation of endocytic and autophagic cargo.
|
|
GO:1902774
late endosome to lysosome transport
|
IMP
PMID:28325809 The Rab7 effector PLEKHM1 binds Arl8b to promote cargo traff... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: late endosome to lysosome transport is supported by ARL8B loss-of-function cargo-delivery assays and HOPS recruitment evidence.
Reason: This captures ARL8B-dependent delivery of endocytic cargo to lysosomes, a core part of its endolysosomal trafficking role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21802320
Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran, receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
PMID:21802320
Arl8b was found to bind and recruit the VPS41 subunit of the HOPS (homotypic fusion and protein sorting) complex to lysosomes.
PMID:28325809
Arl8b, along with its effectors, orchestrates lysosomal transport and fusion.
|
|
GO:0001778
plasma membrane repair
|
IMP
PMID:29592961 Lysosome-Mediated Plasma Membrane Repair Is Dependent on the... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: plasma membrane repair is supported in membrane injury and Mycobacterium infection models.
Reason: ARL8B-dependent lysosome exocytosis is real but context-dependent, so it should be retained as non-core rather than used to define the main gene function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29592961
Arl8b is required for the process of plasma membrane repair in controlling the Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of lysosomes
PMID:29592961
Arl8b-depleted MDMs become necrotic after infection with H37Ra instead of apoptotic.
|
|
GO:0005764
lysosome
|
IDA
PMID:29592961 Lysosome-Mediated Plasma Membrane Repair Is Dependent on the... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosome is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0032418
lysosome localization
|
IMP
PMID:29592961 Lysosome-Mediated Plasma Membrane Repair Is Dependent on the... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
Reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
PMID:22172677
Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
PMID:25898167
BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
|
|
GO:1990927
calcium ion regulated lysosome exocytosis
|
IMP
PMID:29592961 Lysosome-Mediated Plasma Membrane Repair Is Dependent on the... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: calcium ion regulated lysosome exocytosis is supported in membrane injury and Mycobacterium infection models.
Reason: ARL8B-dependent lysosome exocytosis is real but context-dependent, so it should be retained as non-core rather than used to define the main gene function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29592961
Arl8b is required for the process of plasma membrane repair in controlling the Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of lysosomes
|
|
GO:0002747
antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis
|
IMP
PMID:21802320 Lysosomal trafficking, antigen presentation, and microbial k... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis is supported by immune-cell lysosomal trafficking studies but is context-specific.
Reason: ARL8B controls delivery of antigen-containing cargo to lysosomal compartments; antigen presentation is a downstream immune-cell outcome rather than the core molecular role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21802320
phagosome to lysosome delivery and fusion were delayed by Arl8b silencing resulting in a defect in microbial killing.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:21802320 Lysosomal trafficking, antigen presentation, and microbial k... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: VPS41/HOPS binding supports ARL8B-mediated lysosomal cargo delivery, but protein binding is too broad and should not be treated as a useful molecular function term.
Reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology and is therefore over-annotated.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21802320
Arl8b was found to bind and recruit the VPS41 subunit of the HOPS (homotypic fusion and protein sorting) complex to lysosomes.
PMID:21802320
Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran, receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
|
|
GO:0005525
GTP binding
|
IMP
PMID:16650381 The Arf-family protein, Arl8b, is involved in the spatial di... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTP binding annotation is consistent with direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
Reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct subfamily of the small GTPases
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
|
|
GO:0005764
lysosome
|
IMP
PMID:16650381 The Arf-family protein, Arl8b, is involved in the spatial di... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosome is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0005764
lysosome
|
IDA
PMID:21802320 Lysosomal trafficking, antigen presentation, and microbial k... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosome is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0019003
GDP binding
|
IMP
PMID:16650381 The Arf-family protein, Arl8b, is involved in the spatial di... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GDP binding annotation is consistent with direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
Reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct subfamily of the small GTPases
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
|
|
GO:0032418
lysosome localization
|
IMP
PMID:16650381 The Arf-family protein, Arl8b, is involved in the spatial di... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
Reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
PMID:22172677
Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
PMID:25898167
BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
|
|
GO:0032418
lysosome localization
|
IMP
PMID:21802320 Lysosomal trafficking, antigen presentation, and microbial k... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
Reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
PMID:22172677
Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
PMID:25898167
BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
|
|
GO:0090117
endosome to lysosome transport of low-density lipoprotein particle
|
IMP
PMID:21802320 Lysosomal trafficking, antigen presentation, and microbial k... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: endosome to lysosome transport of low-density lipoprotein particle is supported by ARL8B loss-of-function cargo-delivery assays and HOPS recruitment evidence.
Reason: This captures ARL8B-dependent delivery of endocytic cargo to lysosomes, a core part of its endolysosomal trafficking role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21802320
Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran, receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
|
|
GO:0090385
phagosome-lysosome fusion
|
IMP
PMID:21802320 Lysosomal trafficking, antigen presentation, and microbial k... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Phagosome-lysosome fusion is directly supported in host-defense assays, but it is a context-specific branch of ARL8B lysosomal trafficking.
Reason: The annotation is biologically sound, but phagocytic killing is not the broad core role of ARL8B across cell types.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21802320
phagosome to lysosome delivery and fusion were delayed by Arl8b silencing resulting in a defect in microbial killing.
|
|
GO:0002505
antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
|
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II is supported by immune-cell lysosomal trafficking studies but is context-specific.
Reason: ARL8B controls delivery of antigen-containing cargo to lysosomal compartments; antigen presentation is a downstream immune-cell outcome rather than the core molecular role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21802320
Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran, receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
|
|
GO:1902774
late endosome to lysosome transport
|
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: late endosome to lysosome transport is supported by ARL8B loss-of-function cargo-delivery assays and HOPS recruitment evidence.
Reason: This captures ARL8B-dependent delivery of endocytic cargo to lysosomes, a core part of its endolysosomal trafficking role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21802320
Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran, receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
PMID:21802320
Arl8b was found to bind and recruit the VPS41 subunit of the HOPS (homotypic fusion and protein sorting) complex to lysosomes.
PMID:28325809
Arl8b, along with its effectors, orchestrates lysosomal transport and fusion.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:25898167 BORC, a multisubunit complex that regulates lysosome positio... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: BORCS5/BORC interaction supports ARL8B lysosomal recruitment and positioning, but generic protein binding is not curator-informative.
Reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology and is therefore over-annotated.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25898167
BORC functions to recruit Arl8 to lysosomes, thereby initiating a chain of interactions that promotes microtubule-guided transport of lysosomes toward the cell periphery.
PMID:25898167
BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
|
|
GO:0005765
lysosomal membrane
|
IDA
PMID:25898167 BORC, a multisubunit complex that regulates lysosome positio... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies and UniProt synthesis.
Reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0032418
lysosome localization
|
IMP
PMID:25898167 BORC, a multisubunit complex that regulates lysosome positio... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
Reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16537643
Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
PMID:22172677
Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
PMID:25898167
BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
|
|
GO:0016020
membrane
|
HDA
PMID:19946888 Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells. |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: Generic membrane localization from high-throughput NK-cell membrane proteomics is much less informative than lysosomal membrane localization.
Reason: The more specific lysosomal/cytolytic-granule membrane annotations should carry this biology; generic membrane is over-annotated.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19946888
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0070062
extracellular exosome
|
HDA
PMID:19056867 Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exos... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: Extracellular exosome comes from broad high-throughput proteomics and is not a defining ARL8B localization or function.
Reason: This does not fit the strong mechanistic consensus that ARL8B functions on endolysosomal/lysosomal membranes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19056867
Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde lysosomal motility
|
|
GO:0003924
GTPase activity
|
NAS
PMID:15331635 Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tub... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTPase activity annotation is consistent with direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
Reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct subfamily of the small GTPases
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
|
|
GO:0005525
GTP binding
|
IDA
PMID:15331635 Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tub... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTP binding annotation is consistent with direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
Reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct subfamily of the small GTPases
PMID:16537643
Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes in
|
|
GO:0005737
cytoplasm
|
IDA
PMID:15331635 Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tub... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: cytoplasm comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
Reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal small-GTPase role established by later work.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
|
|
GO:0007059
chromosome segregation
|
IMP
PMID:14871887 Drosophila Topors is a RING finger-containing protein that f... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: The term is supported by the ARL8/GIE chromosome-segregation study, but the seeded GOA original PMID points to an unrelated Drosophila Topors paper.
Reason: Keep as non-core because PMID:15331635 supports a mitotic phenotype for GIE/ARL8 proteins. The original_reference_id is retained as fetched GOA provenance, while the corrected supporting ARL8B reference is recorded in additional_reference_ids and the upstream source should be checked.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14871887
Drosophila Topors is a RING finger-containing protein that functions as a ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase for the hairy basic helix-loop-helix repressor protein.
PMID:15331635
Expression of dominant-negative Gie mutants in mammalian cells or knockdown of Gie transcripts using RNA interference in Drosophila S2 cells induced abnormal morphology in the chromosome segregation.
|
|
GO:0019003
GDP binding
|
IDA
PMID:15331635 Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tub... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GDP binding annotation is consistent with direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
Reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct subfamily of the small GTPases
PMID:16650381
GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
|
|
GO:0030496
midbody
|
IDA
PMID:15331635 Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tub... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: midbody comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
Reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal small-GTPase role established by later work.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
|
|
GO:0043014
alpha-tubulin binding
|
IDA
PMID:15331635 Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tub... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: alpha-tubulin binding comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
Reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal small-GTPase role established by later work.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
|
|
GO:0048487
beta-tubulin binding
|
IDA
PMID:15331635 Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tub... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: beta-tubulin binding comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
Reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal small-GTPase role established by later work.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
|
|
GO:0051233
spindle midzone
|
IDA
PMID:15331635 Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tub... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: spindle midzone comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
Reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal small-GTPase role established by later work.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15331635
Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
|
Q: Should ARL8B be annotated directly to GO:0061906 autophagosome localization from the PN HOPS-BORC bridging projection, or is the current direct evidence better captured by lysosome localization and autophagosome-lysosome fusion?
Q: Can the upstream reference for the GO:0007059 chromosome segregation annotation be corrected from PMID:14871887 to the ARL8B/GIE study PMID:15331635?
Q: Which ARL8B effector branch should be considered core for general gene-product curation versus cell-type-specific extensions such as NK-cell granule polarization, Mtb membrane repair, or beta-coronavirus egress?
Q: Should ARL8B be annotated to retrograde lysosome transport given that it now has two distinct retrograde effector branches (DENND6A/Rab34/RILP/dynein and RUFY3/RUFY4/dynein-dynactin), and how should these be distinguished from the better-established anterograde SKIP/kinesin role?
Experiment: Separate ARL8B lysosome-positioning effects from autophagosome-positioning effects by live imaging of autophagosomes and lysosomes after ARL8B depletion or effector-selective rescue.
Hypothesis: The PN autophagosome-localization signal is mainly an indirect consequence of ARL8B-dependent lysosome positioning and HOPS-mediated fusion rather than direct autophagosome positioning.
Experiment: Use effector-binding mutants of ARL8B to compare PLEKHM2/SKIP, PLEKHM1/HOPS, VPS41, RUFY1, RUFY3/4, and DENND6A outputs in the same cellular background.
Hypothesis: Distinct ARL8B effector interfaces partition lysosome positioning, cargo delivery, and lysosome exocytosis functions.
Experiment: Test whether ARL8B-dependent retrograde lysosome transport requires the DENND6A/Rab34/RILP/dynein cascade by measuring nutrient-dependent juxtanuclear lysosome repositioning and autophagic flux after depletion of DENND6A, Rab34, or RILP versus RUFY3/4.
Hypothesis: ARL8B initiates retrograde lysosome transport through at least two parallel dynein-recruiting branches (DENND6A/Rab34/RILP and RUFY3/4), and these jointly regulate nutrient-responsive lysosome positioning and autophagy.
The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.
You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.
We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.
We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.
We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.
Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.
The evidence assembled here consistently refers to human/mammalian ARL8B (Arl8b) as an Arf-family small GTPase that localizes to the cytosolic face of lysosomes and regulates lysosome positioning/motility and lysosome fusion via defined effectors including SKIP/PLEKHM2, the BORC complex, and HOPS (e.g., VPS41) (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 1-5, khatter2015thesmallgtpase pages 1-2, khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 5-8). This matches the UniProt Q9NVJ2 description of an Arf-family small G protein (small GTPase superfamily) and its lysosome-centric biology.
ARL8B is understood as a GDP/GTP-cycling small GTPase that acts as a molecular switch on lysosomal membranes, recruiting distinct effector proteins preferentially in its GTP-bound state to control lysosomal behavior (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 1-5, khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 8-10).
Structural/biochemical context. A key structural feature highlighted in the ARL8 literature is a conserved N‑terminal amphipathic helix that helps membrane association of the active form; ARL8 also has canonical switch regions that change conformation upon GTP binding. A structure is referenced in the review (PDB 1ZD9) (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 5-8).
Lysosomes exist in perinuclear “cloud” and peripheral pools; their spatial distribution influences multiple outputs including endocytic degradation and autophagy. ARL8B is presented as a major regulatory GTPase on lysosomes controlling this spatial distribution (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 8-10, khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 1-5).
A foundational mechanism is that Arl8b-GTP binds the adaptor SKIP/PLEKHM2, which in turn binds kinesin-1 (via kinesin light chain), thereby coupling lysosomes to a plus-end-directed motor for outward transport on microtubules (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 8-10, rosaferreira2011arl8andskip pages 5-6).
Key primary evidence (Dev Cell 2011).
* SKIP binds kinesin light chain through conserved WD motifs; mutation of these residues (W207A, D208A, W236A, E237A; “WDx2→A”) abolished KIF5B recruitment to lysosomes while SKIP still localized to lysosomes (rosaferreira2011arl8andskip pages 5-6, rosaferreira2011arl8andskip media 3d0503b0).
* KIF5B knockdown >85% phenocopied Arl8/SKIP depletion with central lysosome clustering (rosaferreira2011arl8andskip pages 5-6).
* Quantification of acidification-dependent outward lysosome movement shows dependence on Arl8b and SKIP (rosaferreira2011arl8andskip media 19e53c37).
Interpretation / expert analysis. This establishes ARL8B as a motor-coupling determinant: it does not “move” lysosomes itself but controls motor engagement by recruiting SKIP, which recruits kinesin-1.
ARL8B’s lysosomal localization is controlled upstream by the multiprotein complex BORC (BLOC-one-related complex). Disrupting BORC (e.g., CRISPR knockout of a BORC subunit such as myrlysin, or depletion of other BORC components) causes loss of Arl8b from lysosomes and perinuclear clustering of lysosomes, phenocopying Arl8b depletion (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 5-8, khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 22-22).
Interpretation. The BORC→ARL8→SKIP/kinesin-1 axis is a canonical pathway for lysosome dispersion toward the cell periphery.
Beyond motility, ARL8B supports late endosome–lysosome fusion by promoting recruitment/assembly of the HOPS tethering complex on lysosomes.
Key primary evidence (J Cell Sci 2015). Arl8b (but not Rab7) is required for lysosomal membrane localization of the HOPS subunit hVps41; EGFR degradation defects after hVps41 depletion could be rescued by wild-type hVps41 but not by an Arl8b-binding-defective mutant, indicating functional dependence on Arl8b–hVps41 binding (khatter2015thesmallgtpase pages 1-2).
The Rab7 effector PLEKHM1 can bind both Rab7 and Arl8b, supporting clustering/fusion of late endosomes and lysosomes; its N-terminal RUN domain is necessary/sufficient for Arl8b binding and lysosomal localization. PLEKHM1 competes with SKIP for Arl8b binding, providing a conceptual basis for how ARL8B can coordinate (or trade off) positioning vs fusion functions via effector selection (marwaha2017therab7effector pages 1-2).
Across primary and review sources, ARL8B is described as a lysosome-associated small GTPase, enriched on mature lysosomes. Manipulating ARL8B (knockdown vs overexpression) shifts lysosomes between perinuclear/MTOC clustering and peripheral dispersion, visualized by microscopy (scale bar 10 µm noted in one example) (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 22-22).
A major 2024 advance is the discovery that ARL8B is not only an anterograde driver but can also initiate retrograde lysosome transport via a defined cascade.
Nature Communications (Jan 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1). Kumar et al. identify DENND6A as an Arl8b effector recruited to peripheral lysosomes, where DENND6A acts as a GEF for Rab34. Activated Rab34 recruits a RILP/dynein complex to promote retrograde transport and nutrient-dependent juxtanuclear repositioning; loss of DENND6A impairs autophagic flux (kumar2024dennd6alinksarl8b pages 1-2).
Quantitative/statistical details from the 2024 study (available in retrieved excerpts).
* DENND6A screening implicated 20 Rab candidates (including Rab34) as potential substrates (kumar2024dennd6alinksarl8b pages 1-2).
* A BioID interactome referenced >4,000 unique proteins, and DENND6A overexpression in one context was ~1.8× endogenous (kumar2024dennd6alinksarl8b pages 1-2).
* Lysosome distribution quantifications used cell counts such as n=27–30 cells per condition (from 3 replicates) in cumulative LAMP1 distribution analyses; several statistical tests and p-values were reported (e.g., p ≤ 0.0025, p ≤ 0.0005) (kumar2024dennd6alinksarl8b pages 6-9).
Expert analysis. Conceptually, this extends ARL8B from a “plus-end lysosome disperser” into a bidirectional transport coordinator, capable of recruiting either kinesin-based machinery (via SKIP) or dynein-based machinery (via DENND6A/Rab34/RILP).
Brain (Dec 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad427). De Pace et al. reported biallelic BORCS8 variants causing a severe infantile-onset neurodegenerative syndrome. BORC normally recruits ARL8 and then kinesin motors to promote anterograde lysosome transport in non-neuronal cells and in axons.
Variants included missense p.Ser29Pro, p.Ser42Pro, p.Thr66Pro, and frameshift p.Asn26Trpfs*51. Functional assays showed missense variants had reduced BORC assembly and reduced ability to drive peripheral lysosome distribution, while the frameshift variant had lower expression and was completely incapable of assembling with BORC or promoting peripheral lysosome distribution (pace2024biallelicborcs8variants pages 1-2).
Expert analysis. Although this is not an ARL8B coding mutation, it is direct human evidence that perturbing the upstream recruiter of ARL8 leads to clinically severe outcomes, underscoring the physiological importance of ARL8B-centered lysosome dynamics.
A Current Opinion in Cell Biology review (Aug 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102382) positions Arl8b together with BORC and SKIP in the anterograde arm of axonal lysosome transport schematics, discussing how disruptions in lysosome transport contribute to neurological disease mechanisms (paumier2024disruptionsinaxonal pages 1-2).
The 2024 DENND6A pathway specifically links ARL8B-directed lysosome repositioning to autophagic flux regulation via dynein-based retrograde trafficking (kumar2024dennd6alinksarl8b pages 1-2, kumar2024dennd6alinksarl8b pages 6-9). This creates a mechanistically grounded entry point for interventions aimed at restoring lysosome positioning in settings of impaired autophagy.
OpenTargets lists disease associations for ARL8B, including broad categories such as neoplasm (and others), supported by multiple literature links in the OpenTargets evidence graph (OpenTargets Search: -ARL8B). These should be interpreted as association evidence (often heterogeneous: genetic, expression, functional screens) rather than direct proof of ARL8B as a therapeutic target in a specific indication.
BORC → ARL8B(GTP) → SKIP/PLEKHM2 → kinesin-1 (KIF5B/KLC) → plus-end lysosome dispersion (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 5-8, rosaferreira2011arl8andskip pages 5-6).
Direct figure evidence for the SKIP WD-motif requirement for KIF5B recruitment and quantification of outward movement is available from the Dev Cell 2011 figures retrieved here (rosaferreira2011arl8andskip media 3d0503b0, rosaferreira2011arl8andskip media 19e53c37).
ARL8B → VPS41/HOPS assembly on lysosomes → endosome–lysosome fusion and cargo degradation (e.g., EGFR) (khatter2015thesmallgtpase pages 1-2).
ARL8B ↔ PLEKHM1 (Rab7 effector) provides a molecular bridge between Rab7 and Arl8b and introduces competition with SKIP, linking positioning decisions to fusion outcomes (marwaha2017therab7effector pages 1-2).
ARL8B → DENND6A (effector) → Rab34 activation → RILP recruitment → dynein-based retrograde transport → juxtanuclear lysosome repositioning; impacts autophagic flux (kumar2024dennd6alinksarl8b pages 1-2).
Some potentially relevant 2023–2024 ARL8B structural-mechanistic papers (e.g., detailed structural interface between ARL8B and RUN domains) were listed as unobtainable by the search system in this session and therefore could not be cited directly here. Consequently, the most detailed ARL8B–effector structural interface claims are restricted to what is available in the retrieved review-level structural context (e.g., N-terminal amphipathic helix; PDB reference) and mechanistic cell biology papers (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 5-8, rosaferreira2011arl8andskip pages 5-6).
The following table provides a compact mapping from ARL8B functions to partners and evidence types.
| Functional role / biological process | Subcellular localization | Key molecular partners / effectors | Experimental evidence type | Notes / quantitative details | Key citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lysosome identity and positioning; major lysosomal small GTPase that drives lysosome dispersion to the cell periphery when active, while loss causes perinuclear/MTOC clustering | Cytosolic face of mature lysosomes; lysosome membrane; perinuclear vs peripheral lysosome pools | BORC (upstream recruiter), SKIP/PLEKHM2, kinesin machinery | RNAi/knockdown, overexpression, fluorescence microscopy, schematic/model synthesis | Microscopy scale bar 10 µm; Arl8a and Arl8b share ~91% identity; Arl8b overexpression disperses lysosomes whereas depletion clusters them near the MTOC (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 22-22, khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 5-8) | Khatter et al. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21592799.2015.1086501 |
| BORC-dependent recruitment of ARL8B to lysosomes upstream of anterograde transport | Lysosomal surface | BORC / BLOC-one-related complex; myrlysin/BORCS5 and other BORC subunits | CRISPR knockout, siRNA depletion, localization assays | BORC loss detaches Arl8b from lysosomes and phenocopies Arl8b depletion; BORC itself showed no detectable GEF activity toward Arl8b in the cited review summary (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 5-8) | Khatter et al. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21592799.2015.1086501 |
| Coupling lysosomes to kinesin-1 for plus-end-directed anterograde motility | Peripheral lysosomes on microtubules | SKIP/PLEKHM2; kinesin-1 KIF5B/KLC | Affinity purification/binding, RNAi, overexpression, live/fixed-cell microscopy | SKIP binds kinesin light chain via WD motifs; KIF5B knockdown was >85% and caused central lysosome clustering similar to Arl8/SKIP depletion; mutation of SKIP WD residues (W207A/D208A/W236A/E237A) abolished KIF5B recruitment while preserving lysosome localization (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 8-10, rosaferreira2011arl8andskip pages 5-6, rosaferreira2011arl8andskip media 3d0503b0, rosaferreira2011arl8andskip media 19e53c37) | Rosa-Ferreira & Munro 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2011.10.007 |
| Activation mechanism of lysosome–kinesin coupling through SKIP | Lysosome membrane, ARL8-positive lysosomes | SKIP/PLEKHM2, kinesin-1 | Mechanistic cell biology / conformational model summarized in review evidence | ARL8 relieves SKIP autoinhibition to enable coupling of lysosomes to kinesin-1; establishes ARL8 as an active molecular switch rather than a passive lysosome marker (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 8-10, kumar2023dennd6acouplesarl8b pages 25-27) | Keren-Kaplan & Bonifacino 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.071 |
| Recruitment and assembly of HOPS tethering complex for endosome–lysosome fusion and degradative trafficking | Lysosomal membranes; Arl8b- and hVps41-positive lysosomes | HOPS complex, VPS41 (hVps41), VPS39, SKIP/PLEKHM2 | RNAi depletion, rescue with WT vs binding-defective mutant, affinity purification, microscopy | Arl8b, but not Rab7, was required for hVps41 membrane localization; HOPS is hexameric and shares 4 of 6 core subunits with CORVET; EGFR degradation defect was rescued by WT hVps41 but not an Arl8b-binding-defective mutant (khatter2015thesmallgtpase pages 1-2) | Khatter et al. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.162651 |
| Coordination of lysosome motility and fusion through competitive effector binding | Late endosome–lysosome contact sites; lysosomes | PLEKHM1, Rab7, Arl8b, HOPS, SKIP/PLEKHM2 | Interaction mapping, domain analysis, cargo degradation assays, microscopy | PLEKHM1 simultaneously binds Rab7 and Arl8b; N-terminal RUN domain is necessary and sufficient for Arl8b interaction and lysosomal localization; PLEKHM1 RUN domain shares ~40% similarity with SKIP RUN domain and competes with SKIP for Arl8b binding, influencing lysosome positioning; Arl8a/b are ~91% identical (marwaha2017therab7effector pages 1-2) | Marwaha et al. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201607085 |
| Retrograde lysosome trafficking and nutrient-dependent juxtanuclear repositioning | Peripheral lysosomes transitioning toward juxtanuclear lysosome pool | DENND6A, Rab34, RILP, dynein, Arl8b | GEF screening, BioID/proximity interactome, imaging, loss-of-function assays | DENND6A was identified as a potential GEF for ~20 Rabs including Rab34; Arl8b recruits DENND6A to peripheral lysosomes, DENND6A activates Rab34, and Rab34 recruits RILP/dynein to drive retrograde transport; DENND6A overexpression in assays was ~1.8× endogenous (mcpherson2023dennd6acouplesarl8b pages 1-5, kumar2024dennd6alinksarl8b pages 1-2) | Kumar et al. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1 |
| Autophagy regulation through lysosome positioning and transport state | Lysosomes under nutrient-dependent spatial rearrangement | Arl8b, SKIP/PLEKHM2, HOPS, DENND6A-Rab34-RILP-dynein, mTORC1-linked lysosome positioning machinery | Knockdown/loss-of-function, trafficking assays, autophagic flux assays | Loss of DENND6A impaired autophagic flux; nutrient deprivation or altered lysosomal pH reduced lysosomal Arl8b/KIF2 and promoted perinuclear clustering with mTORC1 inactivation in review evidence; ARL8B thus integrates lysosome position with degradative signaling outputs (khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 8-10, kumar2024dennd6alinksarl8b pages 1-2) | Kumar et al. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1 |
| Neuronal/axonal lysosome transport relevance | Distal axon and peripheral neuronal lysosome compartments | BORC, Arl8b, SKIP, kinesins | Review synthesis of neuronal transport studies | ARL8/BORC pathway is placed on the anterograde/kinesin arm of axonal lysosome transport; disruptions in this pathway are linked broadly to neurological disease mechanisms (paumier2024disruptionsinaxonal pages 1-2) | Paumier & Gowrishankar 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102382 |
| Human disease relevance through upstream BORC defects affecting ARL8-dependent lysosome dynamics | Lysosomes in human cells; distal axon / neuronal systems | BORCS8 (BORC subunit), ARL8, kinesin-1/-3 | Human genetics, cellular reconstitution, zebrafish knockout | Biallelic BORCS8 variants (p.Ser29Pro, p.Ser42Pro, p.Thr66Pro, p.Asn26Trpfs*51) reduced BORC assembly and impaired peripheral lysosome distribution; the frameshift allele was completely incapable of assembling with BORC or promoting peripheral lysosome distribution, linking BORC→ARL8 pathway failure to infantile-onset neurodegeneration (pace2024biallelicborcs8variants pages 1-2) | De Pace et al. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad427 |
Table: This table summarizes experimentally supported functions, localization, effectors, evidence types, and quantitative notes for human ARL8B (UniProt Q9NVJ2). It is useful as a compact evidence map for lysosome positioning, motility, fusion, autophagy, and disease relevance.
References
(khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 1-5): Divya Khatter, Aastha Sindhwani, and Mahak Sharma. Arf-like gtpase arl8: moving from the periphery to the center of lysosomal biology. Cellular Logistics, 5:e1086501, Jul 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21592799.2015.1086501, doi:10.1080/21592799.2015.1086501. This article has 111 citations.
(khatter2015thesmallgtpase pages 1-2): Divya Khatter, Vivek B. Raina, Devashish Dwivedi, Aastha Sindhwani, Surbhi Bahl, and Mahak Sharma. The small gtpase arl8b regulates assembly of the mammalian hops complex on lysosomes. Journal of Cell Science, 128:1746-1761, May 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.162651, doi:10.1242/jcs.162651. This article has 180 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 5-8): Divya Khatter, Aastha Sindhwani, and Mahak Sharma. Arf-like gtpase arl8: moving from the periphery to the center of lysosomal biology. Cellular Logistics, 5:e1086501, Jul 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21592799.2015.1086501, doi:10.1080/21592799.2015.1086501. This article has 111 citations.
(khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 8-10): Divya Khatter, Aastha Sindhwani, and Mahak Sharma. Arf-like gtpase arl8: moving from the periphery to the center of lysosomal biology. Cellular Logistics, 5:e1086501, Jul 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21592799.2015.1086501, doi:10.1080/21592799.2015.1086501. This article has 111 citations.
(rosaferreira2011arl8andskip pages 5-6): Cláudia Rosa-Ferreira and Sean Munro. Arl8 and skip act together to link lysosomes to kinesin-1. Developmental Cell, 21:1171-1178, Dec 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2011.10.007, doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2011.10.007. This article has 408 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(rosaferreira2011arl8andskip media 3d0503b0): Cláudia Rosa-Ferreira and Sean Munro. Arl8 and skip act together to link lysosomes to kinesin-1. Developmental Cell, 21:1171-1178, Dec 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2011.10.007, doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2011.10.007. This article has 408 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(rosaferreira2011arl8andskip media 19e53c37): Cláudia Rosa-Ferreira and Sean Munro. Arl8 and skip act together to link lysosomes to kinesin-1. Developmental Cell, 21:1171-1178, Dec 2011. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2011.10.007, doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2011.10.007. This article has 408 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(khatter2015arflikegtpasearl8 pages 22-22): Divya Khatter, Aastha Sindhwani, and Mahak Sharma. Arf-like gtpase arl8: moving from the periphery to the center of lysosomal biology. Cellular Logistics, 5:e1086501, Jul 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21592799.2015.1086501, doi:10.1080/21592799.2015.1086501. This article has 111 citations.
(marwaha2017therab7effector pages 1-2): Rituraj Marwaha, Subhash B. Arya, Divya Jagga, Harmeet Kaur, Amit Tuli, and Mahak Sharma. The rab7 effector plekhm1 binds arl8b to promote cargo traffic to lysosomes. The Journal of Cell Biology, 216:1051-1070, Apr 2017. URL: https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201607085, doi:10.1083/jcb.201607085. This article has 176 citations.
(kumar2024dennd6alinksarl8b pages 1-2): Rahul Kumar, Maleeha Khan, Vincent Francis, Adriana Aguila, Gopinath Kulasekaran, Emily Banks, and Peter S. McPherson. Dennd6a links arl8b to a rab34/rilp/dynein complex, regulating lysosomal positioning and autophagy. Nature Communications, Jan 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1. This article has 27 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(kumar2024dennd6alinksarl8b pages 6-9): Rahul Kumar, Maleeha Khan, Vincent Francis, Adriana Aguila, Gopinath Kulasekaran, Emily Banks, and Peter S. McPherson. Dennd6a links arl8b to a rab34/rilp/dynein complex, regulating lysosomal positioning and autophagy. Nature Communications, Jan 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1. This article has 27 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(pace2024biallelicborcs8variants pages 1-2): Raffaella De Pace, Reza Maroofian, Adeline Paimboeuf, Mina Zamani, Maha S Zaki, Saeid Sadeghian, Reza Azizimalamiri, Hamid Galehdari, Jawaher Zeighami, Chad D Williamson, Emily Fleming, Dihong Zhou, Jennifer L Gannon, Isabelle Thiffault, Emmanuel Roze, Mohnish Suri, Giovanni Zifarelli, Peter Bauer, Henry Houlden, Mariasavina Severino, Shunmoogum A Patten, Emily Farrow, and Juan S Bonifacino. Biallelic borcs8 variants cause an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder with altered lysosome dynamics. Brain : a journal of neurology, 147:1751-1767, Dec 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad427, doi:10.1093/brain/awad427. This article has 24 citations.
(paumier2024disruptionsinaxonal pages 1-2): Jean-Michel Paumier and Swetha Gowrishankar. Disruptions in axonal lysosome transport and its contribution to neurological disease. Aug 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102382, doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102382. This article has 15 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(OpenTargets Search: -ARL8B): Open Targets Query (-ARL8B, 5 results). Buniello, A. et al. (2025). Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery. Nucleic Acids Research.
(kumar2023dennd6acouplesarl8b pages 25-27): Rahul Kumar, Vincent Francis, Maleeha Khan, Adriana Aguila, Gopinath Kulasekaran, and Peter S. McPherson. Dennd6a couples arl8b to a rab34/rilp/dynein complex regulating retrograde lysosomal trafficking and autophagy. bioRxiv, Aug 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.21.554162, doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.554162. This article has 0 citations.
(mcpherson2023dennd6acouplesarl8b pages 1-5): Peter McPherson, Rahul Kumar, Vincent Francis, Maleeha Khan, Adriana Aguila, and Gopinath Kulasekaran. Dennd6a couples arl8b to a rab34/rilp/dynein complex regulating retrograde lysosomal trafficking and autophagy. Unknown journal, Sep 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3283181/v1, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3283181/v1.
just deep-research-falcon human ARL8B --fallback perplexity-lite was run on 2026-06-03. Falcon timed out after 600 seconds, and the perplexity-lite fallback failed with an API quota/401 error, so no ARL8B-deep-research-falcon.md or fallback provider report was produced. I proceeded using the fetched UniProt record, cached GOA-derived PMIDs, cached publication text, and the Proteostasis PN projection reports.
Fetched human ARL8B on 2026-06-03 and reviewed it in the Proteostasis PN batch. The PN projection proposes GO:0061906 autophagosome localization from the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway node "HOPS-BORC complex bridging" [file:projects/PROTEOSTASIS/reports/pn_projection/pn_projected_candidate_additions.tsv "ARL8B\t\tGO:0061906\tautophagosome localization\tnew_to_goa"].
I treated that projection conservatively. The direct ARL8B literature strongly supports lysosomal/endolysosomal membrane localization, lysosome positioning, HOPS-linked cargo delivery to lysosomes, and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. It does not clearly show that ARL8B directly localizes autophagosomes as the transported organelle. The strongest autophagy-related ARL8B evidence is that PLEKHM1 connects ARL8B with HOPS at lysosomal contact/fusion sites and that ARL8B binding is needed for lysosomal degradation of autophagic cargo [PMID:28325809 "Arl8b mediates recruitment of HOPS complex to PLEKHM1-positive vesicle contact sites"; PMID:28325809 "Arl8b binding is crucial for PLEKHM1 to promote lysosomal degradation of endocytic and autophagic cargo"].
Core synthesis: ARL8B is best curated as a small GTPase on lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes that recruits effectors for lysosome positioning and cargo-delivery/fusion. BORC recruits ARL8B to lysosomes and enables peripheral lysosome movement PMID:25898167, SKIP/PLEKHM2 links ARL8 to kinesin-1 for plus-end-directed lysosome motility PMID:22172677, and VPS41/HOPS recruitment supports endosome/phagosome/autophagosome delivery to lysosomes PMID:21802320.
The seeded GO:0007059 chromosome segregation annotation points to PMID:14871887, which is a Drosophila Topors/Hairy ubiquitin ligase paper and appears unrelated to ARL8B PMID:14871887. The term itself has support from the ARL8B/GIE paper PMID:15331635, so I retained it as non-core and flagged the PMID mismatch in the review.
The Falcon report (Edison Scientific) was successfully generated (the earlier 2026-06-03 attempt had timed out). Most content CONFIRMS the existing review; one finding is genuinely NEW vs the existing annotations. Provenance below; PMIDs resolved via PubMed ID converter from DOIs.
NEW (primary, directly ARL8B-relevant): DENND6A is a direct ARL8B effector that drives the retrograde arm of lysosome transport via a DENND6A→Rab34→RILP/dynein cascade, with nutrient-dependent juxtanuclear repositioning, and DENND6A loss impairs autophagic flux [PMID:38296963 (Kumar et al. 2024, Nat Commun) "Arl8b recruits DENND6A to peripheral lysosomes to activate Rab34 and initiate retrograde transport"; DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-44957-1]. This is distinct from the RUFY3/RUFY4 dynein-dynactin retrograde coupling already in the review (PMID:35314674); it adds a second, GEF-cascade-based retrograde mechanism downstream of ARL8B. Conceptually positions ARL8B as a bidirectional transport coordinator (kinesin via SKIP; dynein via DENND6A/Rab34/RILP and via RUFY3/4). I added PMID:38296963 to references.
NEW (human disease, upstream of ARL8B, not an ARL8B coding mutation): biallelic BORCS8 (BORC subunit) variants cause an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder with altered lysosome dynamics; loss-of-function alleles reduce BORC assembly and peripheral lysosome distribution [PMID:38128568 (De Pace et al. 2024, Brain) "BORC associates with the cytosolic face of lysosomes, where it sequentially recruits the small GTPase ARL8 and kinesin-1 and -3 microtubule motors"; DOI:10.1093/brain/awad427]. Direct human evidence that perturbing the upstream ARL8B recruiter is clinically severe; underscores physiological importance of the BORC→ARL8B axis. Added as a reference (statement-only). Did NOT use to change any ARL8B annotation since it concerns BORCS8, not ARL8B itself.
CONFIRMS: anterograde axis BORC→ARL8B-GTP→SKIP/PLEKHM2→kinesin-1 (KIF5B/KLC); SKIP WD motifs (W207A/D208A/W236A/E237A) required for KIF5B recruitment; KIF5B knockdown >85% phenocopies ARL8/SKIP depletion [Rosa-Ferreira & Munro 2011, DOI:10.1016/j.devcel.2011.10.007]. Already captured via PMID:22172677 and lysosome-localization annotations.
CONFIRMS: HOPS/VPS41 tethering for endosome-lysosome fusion and EGFR degradation; ARL8B (not Rab7) required for hVps41 lysosomal localization [Khatter et al. 2015 J Cell Sci, DOI:10.1242/jcs.162651]. Already captured via PMID:21802320/PMID:28325809.
CONFIRMS / context: PLEKHM1 (RUN domain) competes with SKIP for ARL8B, balancing positioning vs fusion; ARL8A/ARL8B ~91% identical [Marwaha et al. 2017, DOI:10.1083/jcb.201607085]. Already captured (PMID:28325809). The ~91% paralog identity supports careful attribution: SKIP/kinesin, HOPS/VPS41, BORC, RUFY, and DENND6A studies are largely on ARL8B specifically.
PROVISIONAL / low-confidence (NOT used to change annotations): two preprint versions of the DENND6A work (bioRxiv 2023.08.21.554162; Research Square rs.3.rs-3283181/v1) predate the published PMID:38296963 and are superseded by it. OpenTargets disease associations (e.g., "neoplasm") are heterogeneous association-level evidence only. The report's structural claims (N-terminal amphipathic helix; PDB 1ZD9) are review-level context, not new primary data; not added.
…Localization of the autophagosome|Movement of autophagosomes along microtubules|HOPS-BORC complex bridging; (2) …Autophagosome-lysosome docking|HOPS-BORC interaction mediator. PN-node mapping: localization group + movement/bridging leaves=mapped→GO:0061906 autophagosome localization (new_to_goa); docking nodes=context_only→GO:0061909; class=context_only→GO:0016236.manual_gene_level_review_required; gene-level review declines GO:0061906 projection. Right process family, wrong cargo organelle; shared target should remain lysosome localization (GO:0032418) / existing fusion term.This file is generated from the current PROTEOSTASIS phase-1 dossier and local gene-review artifacts. Edit the source review, PN mapping, or dossier rather than this generated note when correcting the underlying curation.
id: Q9NVJ2
gene_symbol: ARL8B
product_type: PROTEIN
status: COMPLETE
taxon:
id: NCBITaxon:9606
label: Homo sapiens
description: ARL8B is a conserved Arf-like small GTPase that associates with lysosomal and
endolysosomal membranes in its active GTP-bound state. Through effector interactions with
BORC, PLEKHM2/SKIP-kinesin, PLEKHM1/HOPS, VPS41, and RUFY proteins, it coordinates lysosome
positioning, endolysosomal cargo delivery, and lysosome fusion or exocytosis in contexts
including autophagic cargo degradation, phagosome maturation, antigen presentation, cytolytic
granule polarization, plasma membrane repair, and beta-coronavirus egress.
alternative_products:
- name: '1'
id: Q9NVJ2-1
- name: '2'
id: Q9NVJ2-2
sequence_note: VSP_056238
existing_annotations:
- term:
id: GO:0005765
label: lysosomal membrane
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
qualifier: is_active_in
review:
summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0008089
label: anterograde axonal transport
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: anterograde axonal transport is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology
and automated/by-similarity transfer.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle
trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general
lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0003924
label: GTPase activity
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTPase activity annotation is consistent
with direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features
of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct
subfamily of the small GTPases
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- term:
id: GO:0003925
label: G protein activity
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000003
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ARL8B is a monomeric Arf-like small GTPase, so the heterotrimeric
G protein activity term is not the best molecular-function annotation.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: The cited evidence supports small-GTPase biology captured by GO:0003924
GTPase activity, which is already present and accepted; GO:0003925 is over-broad
or semantically imprecise for ARL8B.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct
subfamily of the small GTPases
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- term:
id: GO:0005525
label: GTP binding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTP binding annotation is consistent with
direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features
of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct
subfamily of the small GTPases
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- term:
id: GO:0005765
label: lysosomal membrane
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0005819
label: spindle
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: spindle comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal
small-GTPase role established by later work.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules
on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
- term:
id: GO:0005829
label: cytosol
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Cytosol is a generic automated localization and is less informative than ARL8B
lysosomal membrane/endolysosomal localization.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: ARL8B cycles between soluble and membrane-associated states, but the curated functional
signal is the active lysosomal/endolysosomal membrane pool; generic cytosol is over-annotated
for this review.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound
states
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes
- term:
id: GO:0015031
label: protein transport
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: The broad protein transport IEA captures the general trafficking theme but is
too nonspecific for ARL8B.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: ARL8B evidence supports lysosome positioning and specific late-endosome/phagosome/autophagosome-to-lysosome
traffic rather than generic protein transport; the more specific lysosome
localization and late endosome-to-lysosome transport annotations are already
present and accepted.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran,
receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
- reference_id: PMID:28325809
supporting_text: Arl8b, along with its effectors, orchestrates lysosomal transport and
fusion.
- term:
id: GO:0030424
label: axon
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: axon is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology and automated/by-similarity
transfer.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle
trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general
lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0031901
label: early endosome membrane
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: early endosome membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:36282215
supporting_text: Arl8b determines RUFY1 endosomal localization through regulating its
interaction with Rab14.
- reference_id: PMID:36282215
supporting_text: RUFY1 depletion led to a delay in CI-M6PR retrieval from endosomes
to the TGN, resulting in impaired delivery of newly synthesized hydrolases to lysosomes.
- term:
id: GO:0031902
label: late endosome membrane
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: late endosome membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0045202
label: synapse
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: synapse is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology and automated/by-similarity
transfer.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle
trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general
lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0051233
label: spindle midzone
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: spindle midzone comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal
small-GTPase role established by later work.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules
on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
- term:
id: GO:0101004
label: cytolytic granule membrane
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: cytolytic granule membrane is supported for NK cells, where ARL8B localizes to
lytic granules and promotes polarization toward the immune synapse.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This is a well-supported lysosome-related organelle function in a specialized
immune-cell context, not the general core function of ARL8B.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:24088571
supporting_text: Arl8b colocalizes with perforin, granzyme B, and LAMP-1, markers of
lytic granules.
- term:
id: GO:1904115
label: axon cytoplasm
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000108
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: axon cytoplasm is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology and automated/by-similarity
transfer.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle
trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general
lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:28325809
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: PLEKHM1 binding is real and biologically important for HOPS-linked lysosomal
fusion, but generic protein binding is not an informative GO molecular function for
ARL8B.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to
endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology
and is therefore over-annotated.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:28325809
supporting_text: Arl8b mediates recruitment of HOPS complex to PLEKHM1-positive vesicle
contact sites.
- reference_id: PMID:28325809
supporting_text: Arl8b binding is crucial for PLEKHM1 to promote lysosomal degradation
of endocytic and autophagic cargo.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:32296183
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: The HuRI protein interaction is a broad interactome finding and does not define
a specific ARL8B molecular function beyond generic binding.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to
endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology
and is therefore over-annotated.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:32296183
supporting_text: A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
- term:
id: GO:0002505
label: antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
is supported by immune-cell lysosomal trafficking studies but is context-specific.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: ARL8B controls delivery of antigen-containing cargo to lysosomal compartments;
antigen presentation is a downstream immune-cell outcome rather than the core molecular
role.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran,
receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
- term:
id: GO:0005764
label: lysosome
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: lysosome is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies
and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0008089
label: anterograde axonal transport
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: anterograde axonal transport is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology
and automated/by-similarity transfer.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle
trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general
lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0046754
label: viral exocytosis
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: ARL8B-dependent lysosomal exocytosis is exploited by beta-coronaviruses for viral
egress.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The process annotation is supported for infection biology, but it represents pathogen
exploitation of ARL8B-dependent lysosomal exocytosis rather than a core host function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:33157038
supporting_text: these viruses use a lysosomal, Arl8b-dependent exocytic pathway for
release into the extracellular environment.
- term:
id: GO:1902774
label: late endosome to lysosome transport
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: late endosome to lysosome transport is supported by ARL8B loss-of-function cargo-delivery
assays and HOPS recruitment evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: This captures ARL8B-dependent delivery of endocytic cargo to lysosomes, a core
part of its endolysosomal trafficking role.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran,
receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b was found to bind and recruit the VPS41 subunit of the HOPS (homotypic
fusion and protein sorting) complex to lysosomes.
- reference_id: PMID:28325809
supporting_text: Arl8b, along with its effectors, orchestrates lysosomal transport and
fusion.
- term:
id: GO:0005765
label: lysosomal membrane
evidence_type: EXP
original_reference_id: PMID:16650381
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0005765
label: lysosomal membrane
evidence_type: EXP
original_reference_id: PMID:21802320
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0005765
label: lysosomal membrane
evidence_type: EXP
original_reference_id: PMID:28325809
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0005765
label: lysosomal membrane
evidence_type: EXP
original_reference_id: PMID:29592961
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0031902
label: late endosome membrane
evidence_type: EXP
original_reference_id: PMID:16537643
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: late endosome membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0045202
label: synapse
evidence_type: ISS
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: synapse is supported mainly by conserved neuronal ARL8 biology and automated/by-similarity
transfer.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation is plausible for neuronal endolysosomal or presynaptic-vesicle
trafficking, but human ARL8B direct evidence in this review is stronger for general
lysosome positioning and cargo delivery.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:35314674
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: RUFY3/RUFY4 interactions support ARL8B-dependent endolysosome motor coupling,
but generic protein binding does not capture the specific small-GTPase effector relationship.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to
endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology
and is therefore over-annotated.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:35314674
supporting_text: RUFY3 and RUFY4 are ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes
to dynein-dynactin
- reference_id: PMID:35314674
supporting_text: ARL8 can thus regulate both anterograde and retrograde endolysosome
transport through interactions with kinesin and dynein-dynactin motors
- term:
id: GO:0003924
label: GTPase activity
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:16537643
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTPase activity annotation is consistent
with direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features
of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct
subfamily of the small GTPases
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- term:
id: GO:0031901
label: early endosome membrane
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:36282215
qualifier: is_active_in
review:
summary: early endosome membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:36282215
supporting_text: Arl8b determines RUFY1 endosomal localization through regulating its
interaction with Rab14.
- reference_id: PMID:36282215
supporting_text: RUFY1 depletion led to a delay in CI-M6PR retrieval from endosomes
to the TGN, resulting in impaired delivery of newly synthesized hydrolases to lysosomes.
- term:
id: GO:0034498
label: early endosome to Golgi transport
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:36282215
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: early endosome to Golgi transport is supported by RUFY1-dependent CI-M6PR retrieval
work.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This is a specific cargo-sorting branch of ARL8B biology and supports lysosomal
hydrolase delivery, but it is secondary to the major lysosome positioning/fusion role.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:36282215
supporting_text: RUFY1 depletion led to a delay in CI-M6PR retrieval from endosomes
to the TGN, resulting in impaired delivery of newly synthesized hydrolases to lysosomes.
- term:
id: GO:1902946
label: protein localization to early endosome
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:36282215
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: protein localization to early endosome is supported by RUFY1-dependent CI-M6PR
retrieval work.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This is a specific cargo-sorting branch of ARL8B biology and supports lysosomal
hydrolase delivery, but it is secondary to the major lysosome positioning/fusion role.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:36282215
supporting_text: Arl8b determines RUFY1 endosomal localization through regulating its
interaction with Rab14.
- term:
id: GO:0046754
label: viral exocytosis
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:33157038
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: ARL8B-dependent lysosomal exocytosis is exploited by beta-coronaviruses for viral
egress.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The process annotation is supported for infection biology, but it represents pathogen
exploitation of ARL8B-dependent lysosomal exocytosis rather than a core host function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:33157038
supporting_text: these viruses use a lysosomal, Arl8b-dependent exocytic pathway for
release into the extracellular environment.
- term:
id: GO:0003925
label: G protein activity
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:16537643
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ARL8B is a monomeric Arf-like small GTPase, so the heterotrimeric
G protein activity term is not the best molecular-function annotation.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: The cited evidence supports small-GTPase biology captured by GO:0003924
GTPase activity, which is already present and accepted; GO:0003925 is over-broad
or semantically imprecise for ARL8B.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct
subfamily of the small GTPases
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- term:
id: GO:0005765
label: lysosomal membrane
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:27808481
qualifier: is_active_in
review:
summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0032418
label: lysosome localization
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:16537643
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome
positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent
redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
- reference_id: PMID:25898167
supporting_text: BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane
and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
- term:
id: GO:0032418
label: lysosome localization
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:27808481
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome
positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent
redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
- reference_id: PMID:25898167
supporting_text: BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane
and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
- term:
id: GO:0042267
label: natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:24088571
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity is supported for NK cells, where ARL8B
localizes to lytic granules and promotes polarization toward the immune synapse.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This is a well-supported lysosome-related organelle function in a specialized
immune-cell context, not the general core function of ARL8B.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:24088571
supporting_text: Arl8b drives the polarization of lytic granules and microtubule-organizing
centers (MTOCs) toward the immune synapse
- term:
id: GO:0101004
label: cytolytic granule membrane
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:24088571
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: cytolytic granule membrane is supported for NK cells, where ARL8B localizes to
lytic granules and promotes polarization toward the immune synapse.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This is a well-supported lysosome-related organelle function in a specialized
immune-cell context, not the general core function of ARL8B.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:24088571
supporting_text: Arl8b colocalizes with perforin, granzyme B, and LAMP-1, markers of
lytic granules.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:22172677
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: PLEKHM2/SKIP binding is central to ARL8B-dependent kinesin recruitment, but protein
binding is too generic relative to the lysosome localization process annotation.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to
endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology
and is therefore over-annotated.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed
motility.
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
- term:
id: GO:0005765
label: lysosomal membrane
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:22172677
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0032418
label: lysosome localization
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:22172677
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome
positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent
redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
- reference_id: PMID:25898167
supporting_text: BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane
and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
- term:
id: GO:0005764
label: lysosome
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:28325809
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: lysosome is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies
and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0032418
label: lysosome localization
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:28325809
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome
positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent
redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
- reference_id: PMID:25898167
supporting_text: BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane
and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
- term:
id: GO:0061909
label: autophagosome-lysosome fusion
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:28325809
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: ARL8B contributes to autophagosome-lysosome fusion through PLEKHM1/HOPS-linked
lysosomal contact sites.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The evidence is stronger for lysosomal tethering/fusion with autophagic cargo
than for a separate autophagosome-positioning role.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:28325809
supporting_text: Arl8b mediates recruitment of HOPS complex to PLEKHM1-positive vesicle
contact sites.
- reference_id: PMID:28325809
supporting_text: Arl8b binding is crucial for PLEKHM1 to promote lysosomal degradation
of endocytic and autophagic cargo.
- term:
id: GO:1902774
label: late endosome to lysosome transport
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:28325809
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: late endosome to lysosome transport is supported by ARL8B loss-of-function cargo-delivery
assays and HOPS recruitment evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: This captures ARL8B-dependent delivery of endocytic cargo to lysosomes, a core
part of its endolysosomal trafficking role.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran,
receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b was found to bind and recruit the VPS41 subunit of the HOPS (homotypic
fusion and protein sorting) complex to lysosomes.
- reference_id: PMID:28325809
supporting_text: Arl8b, along with its effectors, orchestrates lysosomal transport and
fusion.
- term:
id: GO:0001778
label: plasma membrane repair
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:29592961
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: plasma membrane repair is supported in membrane injury and Mycobacterium infection
models.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: ARL8B-dependent lysosome exocytosis is real but context-dependent, so it should
be retained as non-core rather than used to define the main gene function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29592961
supporting_text: Arl8b is required for the process of plasma membrane repair in controlling
the Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of lysosomes
- reference_id: PMID:29592961
supporting_text: Arl8b-depleted MDMs become necrotic after infection with H37Ra instead
of apoptotic.
- term:
id: GO:0005764
label: lysosome
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:29592961
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: lysosome is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies
and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0032418
label: lysosome localization
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:29592961
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome
positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent
redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
- reference_id: PMID:25898167
supporting_text: BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane
and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
- term:
id: GO:1990927
label: calcium ion regulated lysosome exocytosis
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:29592961
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: calcium ion regulated lysosome exocytosis is supported in membrane injury and
Mycobacterium infection models.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: ARL8B-dependent lysosome exocytosis is real but context-dependent, so it should
be retained as non-core rather than used to define the main gene function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:29592961
supporting_text: Arl8b is required for the process of plasma membrane repair in controlling
the Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of lysosomes
- term:
id: GO:0002747
label: antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:21802320
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis is supported by immune-cell
lysosomal trafficking studies but is context-specific.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: ARL8B controls delivery of antigen-containing cargo to lysosomal compartments;
antigen presentation is a downstream immune-cell outcome rather than the core molecular
role.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: phagosome to lysosome delivery and fusion were delayed by Arl8b silencing
resulting in a defect in microbial killing.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:21802320
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: VPS41/HOPS binding supports ARL8B-mediated lysosomal cargo delivery, but protein
binding is too broad and should not be treated as a useful molecular function term.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to
endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology
and is therefore over-annotated.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b was found to bind and recruit the VPS41 subunit of the HOPS (homotypic
fusion and protein sorting) complex to lysosomes.
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran,
receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
- term:
id: GO:0005525
label: GTP binding
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:16650381
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTP binding annotation is consistent with
direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features
of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct
subfamily of the small GTPases
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- term:
id: GO:0005764
label: lysosome
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:16650381
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: lysosome is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies
and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0005764
label: lysosome
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:21802320
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: lysosome is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization studies
and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0019003
label: GDP binding
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:16650381
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GDP binding annotation is consistent with
direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features
of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct
subfamily of the small GTPases
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- term:
id: GO:0032418
label: lysosome localization
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:16650381
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome
positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent
redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
- reference_id: PMID:25898167
supporting_text: BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane
and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
- term:
id: GO:0032418
label: lysosome localization
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:21802320
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome
positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent
redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
- reference_id: PMID:25898167
supporting_text: BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane
and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
- term:
id: GO:0090117
label: endosome to lysosome transport of low-density lipoprotein particle
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:21802320
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: endosome to lysosome transport of low-density lipoprotein particle is supported
by ARL8B loss-of-function cargo-delivery assays and HOPS recruitment evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: This captures ARL8B-dependent delivery of endocytic cargo to lysosomes, a core
part of its endolysosomal trafficking role.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran,
receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
- term:
id: GO:0090385
label: phagosome-lysosome fusion
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:21802320
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Phagosome-lysosome fusion is directly supported in host-defense assays, but it
is a context-specific branch of ARL8B lysosomal trafficking.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation is biologically sound, but phagocytic killing is not the broad
core role of ARL8B across cell types.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: phagosome to lysosome delivery and fusion were delayed by Arl8b silencing
resulting in a defect in microbial killing.
- term:
id: GO:0002505
label: antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
evidence_type: ISS
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
is supported by immune-cell lysosomal trafficking studies but is context-specific.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: ARL8B controls delivery of antigen-containing cargo to lysosomal compartments;
antigen presentation is a downstream immune-cell outcome rather than the core molecular
role.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran,
receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
- term:
id: GO:1902774
label: late endosome to lysosome transport
evidence_type: ISS
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: late endosome to lysosome transport is supported by ARL8B loss-of-function cargo-delivery
assays and HOPS recruitment evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: This captures ARL8B-dependent delivery of endocytic cargo to lysosomes, a core
part of its endolysosomal trafficking role.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran,
receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b was found to bind and recruit the VPS41 subunit of the HOPS (homotypic
fusion and protein sorting) complex to lysosomes.
- reference_id: PMID:28325809
supporting_text: Arl8b, along with its effectors, orchestrates lysosomal transport and
fusion.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:25898167
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: BORCS5/BORC interaction supports ARL8B lysosomal recruitment and positioning,
but generic protein binding is not curator-informative.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: ARL8B functions as a regulated small GTPase that recruits specific effectors to
endolysosomal membranes; a generic protein binding annotation obscures that biology
and is therefore over-annotated.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:25898167
supporting_text: BORC functions to recruit Arl8 to lysosomes, thereby initiating a chain
of interactions that promotes microtubule-guided transport of lysosomes toward the
cell periphery.
- reference_id: PMID:25898167
supporting_text: BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane
and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
- term:
id: GO:0005765
label: lysosomal membrane
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:25898167
qualifier: colocalizes_with
review:
summary: lysosomal membrane is a core localization for ARL8B based on direct localization
studies and UniProt synthesis.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ARL8B acts from lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes to recruit effectors controlling
motility, tethering, fusion, and cargo sorting.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0032418
label: lysosome localization
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:25898167
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: Lysosome localization is the best-supported core biological process for ARL8B.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Multiple independent studies show ARL8B-dependent peripheral/anterograde lysosome
positioning through BORC, SKIP/kinesin, and regulation by RNF167.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent
redistribution of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
- reference_id: PMID:25898167
supporting_text: BORC acts at an early stage, recruiting Arl8b to the lysosomal membrane
and therefore enabling coupling to the SKIP-Kinesin-1 complex
- term:
id: GO:0016020
label: membrane
evidence_type: HDA
original_reference_id: PMID:19946888
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Generic membrane localization from high-throughput NK-cell membrane proteomics
is much less informative than lysosomal membrane localization.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: The more specific lysosomal/cytolytic-granule membrane annotations should carry
this biology; generic membrane is over-annotated.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:19946888
supporting_text: Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0070062
label: extracellular exosome
evidence_type: HDA
original_reference_id: PMID:19056867
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: Extracellular exosome comes from broad high-throughput proteomics and is not
a defining ARL8B localization or function.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: This does not fit the strong mechanistic consensus that ARL8B functions on endolysosomal/lysosomal
membranes.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:19056867
supporting_text: Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
- reference_id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- term:
id: GO:0003924
label: GTPase activity
evidence_type: NAS
original_reference_id: PMID:15331635
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTPase activity annotation is consistent
with direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features
of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct
subfamily of the small GTPases
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- term:
id: GO:0005525
label: GTP binding
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:15331635
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GTP binding annotation is consistent with
direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features
of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct
subfamily of the small GTPases
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Arl8a and Arl8b (also known as Arl10b/c and Gie1/2), localise to lysosomes
in
- term:
id: GO:0005737
label: cytoplasm
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:15331635
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: cytoplasm comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal
small-GTPase role established by later work.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules
on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
- term:
id: GO:0007059
label: chromosome segregation
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:14871887
qualifier: involved_in
review:
summary: The term is supported by the ARL8/GIE chromosome-segregation study, but the seeded
GOA original PMID points to an unrelated Drosophila Topors paper.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: Keep as non-core because PMID:15331635 supports a mitotic phenotype for GIE/ARL8
proteins. The original_reference_id is retained as fetched GOA provenance, while
the corrected supporting ARL8B reference is recorded in additional_reference_ids
and the upstream source should be checked.
additional_reference_ids:
- PMID:15331635
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:14871887
supporting_text: Drosophila Topors is a RING finger-containing protein that functions
as a ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase for the hairy basic helix-loop-helix repressor
protein.
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Expression of dominant-negative Gie mutants in mammalian cells or knockdown
of Gie transcripts using RNA interference in Drosophila S2 cells induced abnormal
morphology in the chromosome segregation.
- term:
id: GO:0019003
label: GDP binding
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:15331635
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: ARL8B is a small Arf-like GTPase; the GDP binding annotation is consistent with
direct biochemical and sequence evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: GTP binding/hydrolysis and small G-protein switching are core molecular features
of ARL8B that underlie effector recruitment on endolysosomal membranes.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Here, we identify novel GTPases (human Gie1 and Gie2) that form a distinct
subfamily of the small GTPases
- reference_id: PMID:16650381
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution to the periphery of the cell and into membrane projections.
- term:
id: GO:0030496
label: midbody
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:15331635
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: midbody comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal
small-GTPase role established by later work.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules
on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
- term:
id: GO:0043014
label: alpha-tubulin binding
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:15331635
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: alpha-tubulin binding comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis
study.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal
small-GTPase role established by later work.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules
on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
- term:
id: GO:0048487
label: beta-tubulin binding
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:15331635
qualifier: enables
review:
summary: beta-tubulin binding comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal
small-GTPase role established by later work.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules
on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
- term:
id: GO:0051233
label: spindle midzone
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:15331635
qualifier: located_in
review:
summary: spindle midzone comes from the early GIE/ARL8B microtubule and mitosis study.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: This appears experimentally supported but peripheral to the dominant lysosomal
small-GTPase role established by later work.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15331635
supporting_text: Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules
on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000002
title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000003
title: Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000024
title: Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs
by curator judgment of sequence similarity
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary
mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000107
title: Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs
using Ensembl Compara
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000108
title: Automatic assignment of GO terms using logical inference, based on on inter-ontology
links
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000117
title: Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000120
title: Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
findings: []
- id: PMID:14871887
title: Drosophila Topors is a RING finger-containing protein that functions as a ubiquitin-protein
isopeptide ligase for the hairy basic helix-loop-helix repressor protein.
findings:
- statement: This PMID appears unrelated to ARL8B chromosome segregation and should be checked
as a possible upstream GOA/UniProt reference error.
supporting_text: Drosophila Topors is a RING finger-containing protein that functions
as a ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase for the hairy basic helix-loop-helix repressor
protein.
- id: PMID:15331635
title: Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tubulin is required for
chromosome segregation.
findings:
- statement: ARL8B/GIE is a small GTPase with tubulin binding and mitotic spindle-midzone
localization.
supporting_text: Gie protein has ability to bind to tubulin and localizes with microtubules
on the spindle mid-zone in late mitosis.
- id: PMID:16537643
title: An N-terminally acetylated Arf-like GTPase is localised to lysosomes and affects
their motility.
findings:
- statement: ARL8A and ARL8B localize to lysosomes and affect lysosome motility.
supporting_text: Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent redistribution
of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
- id: PMID:16650381
title: The Arf-family protein, Arl8b, is involved in the spatial distribution of lysosomes.
findings:
- statement: GTP-locked ARL8B localizes to lysosomes and redistributes lysosomes toward
the cell periphery.
supporting_text: GTP-restricted mutant Arl8b localizes to lysosomes and causes their redistribution
toward the cell periphery.
- id: PMID:19056867
title: Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
findings: []
- id: PMID:19946888
title: Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
findings: []
- id: PMID:21802320
title: Lysosomal trafficking, antigen presentation, and microbial killing are controlled
by the Arf-like GTPase Arl8b.
findings:
- statement: ARL8B is required for lysosomal cargo delivery, CD1 antigen presentation, and
phagosome-lysosome fusion through VPS41/HOPS recruitment.
supporting_text: Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran,
receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
- id: PMID:22172677
title: Arl8 and SKIP act together to link lysosomes to kinesin-1.
findings:
- statement: ARL8 recruits SKIP/PLEKHM2 to link lysosomes to kinesin-1 for plus-end-directed
movement.
supporting_text: Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed
motility.
- id: PMID:24088571
title: Arf-like GTPase Arl8b regulates lytic granule polarization and natural killer cell-mediated
cytotoxicity.
findings:
- statement: ARL8B promotes lytic granule and MTOC polarization required for NK-cell cytotoxicity.
supporting_text: Arl8b drives the polarization of lytic granules and microtubule-organizing
centers (MTOCs) toward the immune synapse
- id: PMID:25898167
title: BORC, a multisubunit complex that regulates lysosome positioning.
findings:
- statement: BORC recruits ARL8B to lysosomes to promote microtubule-guided peripheral lysosome
transport.
supporting_text: BORC functions to recruit Arl8 to lysosomes, thereby initiating a chain
of interactions that promotes microtubule-guided transport of lysosomes toward the cell
periphery.
- id: PMID:27808481
title: RNF167 targets Arl8B for degradation to regulate lysosome positioning and endocytic
trafficking.
findings:
- statement: RNF167 ubiquitinates ARL8B and thereby regulates ARL8B-dependent lysosome positioning.
supporting_text: RNF167 ubiquitinates Arl8B at the lysine residue K141 and reduces the
level of the Arl8B protein.
- id: PMID:28325809
title: The Rab7 effector PLEKHM1 binds Arl8b to promote cargo traffic to lysosomes.
findings:
- statement: PLEKHM1 connects Rab7 and ARL8B to recruit HOPS and promote lysosomal degradation
of endocytic and autophagic cargo.
supporting_text: Arl8b binding is crucial for PLEKHM1 to promote lysosomal degradation
of endocytic and autophagic cargo.
- id: PMID:29592961
title: Lysosome-Mediated Plasma Membrane Repair Is Dependent on the Small GTPase Arl8b and
Determines Cell Death Type in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.
findings:
- statement: ARL8B-dependent lysosome exocytosis supports plasma membrane repair during
Mycobacterium infection.
supporting_text: Arl8b is required for the process of plasma membrane repair in controlling
the Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of lysosomes
- id: PMID:32296183
title: A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
findings: []
- id: PMID:33157038
title: β-Coronaviruses Use Lysosomes for Egress Instead of the Biosynthetic Secretory Pathway.
findings:
- statement: Beta-coronaviruses use an ARL8B-dependent lysosomal exocytic egress pathway.
supporting_text: these viruses use a lysosomal, Arl8b-dependent exocytic pathway for release
into the extracellular environment.
- id: PMID:35314674
title: RUFY3 and RUFY4 are ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin.
findings:
- statement: RUFY3 and RUFY4 are ARL8 effectors that couple endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin
for retrograde transport.
supporting_text: RUFY3 and RUFY4 are ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes
to dynein-dynactin
- id: PMID:36282215
title: RUFY1 binds Arl8b and mediates endosome-to-TGN CI-M6PR retrieval for cargo sorting
to lysosomes.
findings:
- statement: ARL8B regulates RUFY1 endosomal localization and CI-M6PR retrieval from endosomes
to the TGN.
supporting_text: RUFY1 depletion led to a delay in CI-M6PR retrieval from endosomes to
the TGN, resulting in impaired delivery of newly synthesized hydrolases to lysosomes.
- id: PMID:38296963
title: DENND6A links Arl8b to a Rab34/RILP/dynein complex, regulating lysosomal positioning
and autophagy.
full_text_unavailable: true
findings:
- statement: DENND6A is a direct ARL8B effector recruited to peripheral lysosomes, where
it acts as a GEF for Rab34; activated Rab34 recruits a RILP/dynein complex to drive
retrograde lysosome transport and nutrient-dependent juxtanuclear repositioning, and
loss of DENND6A impairs autophagic flux. This positions ARL8B as a bidirectional
transport coordinator, distinct from the RUFY3/RUFY4 dynein-dynactin coupling.
- id: PMID:38128568
title: Biallelic BORCS8 variants cause an infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder with
altered lysosome dynamics.
full_text_unavailable: true
findings:
- statement: Biallelic loss-of-function variants in the BORC subunit BORCS8 cause an
infantile-onset neurodegenerative disorder; BORC sequentially recruits ARL8 and
kinesin motors to lysosomes, and variant alleles reduce BORC assembly and peripheral
lysosome distribution. This is human disease evidence for the upstream BORC-to-ARL8B
anterograde axis, but concerns BORCS8 rather than an ARL8B coding mutation.
- id: file:human/ARL8B/ARL8B-uniprot.txt
title: UniProtKB reviewed entry for human ARL8B (Q9NVJ2)
findings:
- statement: Reviewed UniProt synthesis places ARL8B on lysosomal/endolysosomal membranes
as a small GTPase controlling lysosomal positioning, transport, fusion, and exocytosis.
supporting_text: Localizes specifically to lysosomal membranes and mediates anterograde
lysosomal motility
- id: file:projects/PROTEOSTASIS/reports/pn_projection/pn_projected_candidate_additions.tsv
title: Proteostasis PN projected candidate additions for ARL8B
findings:
- statement: The PN projection suggests ARL8B to GO:0061906 autophagosome localization,
but the gene-specific review treats this conservatively because direct evidence is stronger
for lysosome localization and autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
supporting_text: "ARL8B\t\tGO:0061906\tautophagosome localization\tnew_to_goa"
core_functions:
- description: ARL8B is an endolysosomal small GTPase that uses GTP-dependent effector recruitment
to control lysosome positioning and lysosome-centered cargo delivery. Its best-supported
core role is coordinating lysosome movement and contact/fusion machinery, including BORC/SKIP-kinesin
positioning and PLEKHM1/HOPS-dependent delivery of endocytic, phagocytic, and autophagic
cargo to lysosomes.
molecular_function:
id: GO:0003924
label: GTPase activity
directly_involved_in:
- id: GO:0032418
label: lysosome localization
- id: GO:1902774
label: late endosome to lysosome transport
- id: GO:0061909
label: autophagosome-lysosome fusion
locations:
- id: GO:0005765
label: lysosomal membrane
- id: GO:0031902
label: late endosome membrane
- id: GO:0031901
label: early endosome membrane
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16537643
supporting_text: Overexpression of Arl8a or Arl8b results in a microtubule-dependent redistribution
of lysosomes towards the cell periphery.
- reference_id: PMID:22172677
supporting_text: Thus, Arl8 binding to SKIP provides a link from lysosomal membranes to plus-end-directed motility.
- reference_id: PMID:21802320
supporting_text: Arl8b silencing resulted in a delay in delivery of fluid phase dextran,
receptor-internalized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and CD1 cargo to lysosomes.
- reference_id: PMID:28325809
supporting_text: Arl8b binding is crucial for PLEKHM1 to promote lysosomal degradation
of endocytic and autophagic cargo.
- reference_id: PMID:25898167
supporting_text: BORC functions to recruit Arl8 to lysosomes, thereby initiating a chain
of interactions that promotes microtubule-guided transport of lysosomes toward the cell
periphery.
proposed_new_terms: []
suggested_questions:
- question: Should ARL8B be annotated directly to GO:0061906 autophagosome localization from
the PN HOPS-BORC bridging projection, or is the current direct evidence better captured
by lysosome localization and autophagosome-lysosome fusion?
- question: Can the upstream reference for the GO:0007059 chromosome segregation annotation
be corrected from PMID:14871887 to the ARL8B/GIE study PMID:15331635?
- question: Which ARL8B effector branch should be considered core for general gene-product
curation versus cell-type-specific extensions such as NK-cell granule polarization, Mtb
membrane repair, or beta-coronavirus egress?
- question: Should ARL8B be annotated to retrograde lysosome transport given that it now has
two distinct retrograde effector branches (DENND6A/Rab34/RILP/dynein and RUFY3/RUFY4/dynein-dynactin),
and how should these be distinguished from the better-established anterograde SKIP/kinesin role?
suggested_experiments:
- description: Separate ARL8B lysosome-positioning effects from autophagosome-positioning
effects by live imaging of autophagosomes and lysosomes after ARL8B depletion or effector-selective
rescue.
hypothesis: The PN autophagosome-localization signal is mainly an indirect consequence of
ARL8B-dependent lysosome positioning and HOPS-mediated fusion rather than direct autophagosome
positioning.
- description: Use effector-binding mutants of ARL8B to compare PLEKHM2/SKIP, PLEKHM1/HOPS,
VPS41, RUFY1, RUFY3/4, and DENND6A outputs in the same cellular background.
hypothesis: Distinct ARL8B effector interfaces partition lysosome positioning, cargo delivery,
and lysosome exocytosis functions.
- description: Test whether ARL8B-dependent retrograde lysosome transport requires the
DENND6A/Rab34/RILP/dynein cascade by measuring nutrient-dependent juxtanuclear lysosome
repositioning and autophagic flux after depletion of DENND6A, Rab34, or RILP versus RUFY3/4.
hypothesis: ARL8B initiates retrograde lysosome transport through at least two parallel
dynein-recruiting branches (DENND6A/Rab34/RILP and RUFY3/4), and these jointly regulate
nutrient-responsive lysosome positioning and autophagy.
tags:
- proteostasis
- autophagy-lysosome-pathway
- lysosome-positioning
- pn-projection-reviewed