C2CD3

UniProt ID: Q4AC94
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: DRAFT
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Gene Description

C2CD3 is a C2-domain-rich protein that organizes the distal region of centrioles and supports their elongation and maturation into ciliary basal bodies. Its radially arranged molecules link the distal luminal protein network to the machinery that recruits appendages and other ciliogenesis factors. C2CD3 associates with OFD1 and helps coordinate centriole length with distal architecture. Loss of C2CD3 disrupts appendage recruitment and primary-cilium formation, while initial procentriole formation can persist. Pathogenic variants cause an oral-facial-digital ciliopathy with variable brain and skeletal abnormalities.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24997988
The oral-facial-digital syndrome gene C2CD3 encodes a positi...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: C2CD3 associates with OFD1 in a centriole-length regulatory context.
Reason: PMID:24997988 reports endogenous C2CD3–OFD1 co-immunoprecipitation in human RPE cells and OFD1-fragment capture of cell-expressed C2CD3. These support the exact O75665 partner assertion without establishing purified binary affinity or an enzyme activity. Retain the supported generic interaction under the standing task instruction; no finer activity follows from this association alone.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24997988
C2CD3 physically associates with OFD1
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26496610
A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organiz...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The curated C2CD3–OFD1 screen association agrees with independent target-specific evidence.
Reason: The complete PMID:26496610 abstract describes quantitative affinity-purification proteomics of near-endogenous GFP-tagged proteins in HeLa cells; its individual C2CD3–OFD1 record was not inspected. Defer to that curated experimental edge because the same exact partner interaction is independently supported by human-cell experiments in PMID:24997988. This does not claim the source-specific supplementary entry was verified, and generic binding is retained as non-core under the standing task instruction.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0005813 centrosome
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: C2CD3 is a centrosomal protein concentrated at distal centrioles.
Reason: The curated immunofluorescence annotation is consistent with human endogenous and tagged-protein localization in PMID:24997988 and human U2OS epitope mapping in PMID:41364719. Retain the broader centrosome location alongside its more precise centriolar localization. The original individual atlas image was not independently reviewed.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0005813 centrosome
IDA
PMID:21399614
Novel asymmetrically localizing components of human centroso...
ACCEPT
Summary: The centrosome assignment agrees with independently established C2CD3 localization.
Reason: PMID:21399614 combines human centrosomal proteomics and localization, but its exact C2CD3 target image/table was not recovered from the inspected cache. Retain the reliable experimental assertion with curator deference and independent target-specific support from PMID:24997988 and PMID:41364719; a full-text flag is not treated as proof of target-panel inspection.
GO:0005814 centriole
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: C2CD3 has a conserved distal-centriolar localization.
Reason: The PAINT assertion at PTN001082712 is biologically concordant with human localization and mouse C2cd3 experiments in PMID:24997988, and with human epitope mapping in PMID:41364719. The target in WITH/FROM is legitimate descendant evidence, not circularity. This assessment uses convergent biology and does not claim an independent tree/alignment audit.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0005814 centriole
IDA
PMID:23769972
Discovering regulators of centriole biogenesis through siRNA...
ACCEPT
Summary: Human C2CD3 participates in distal centriole formation and localizes to centrioles.
Reason: The complete PMID:23769972 abstract explicitly reports human-cell functional genomics and detailed C2CD3 distal-centriole follow-up. Exact target localization images and the listed erratum content remain uninspected; retain the curated IDA with independent localization support from PMID:24997988 and PMID:41364719. The erratum listing alone does not establish invalidation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23769972
required for distal centriole formation
GO:0005814 centriole
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: The electronic centriole location matches experimental C2CD3 biology.
Reason: The combined ARBA, mouse ortholog and UniProt location sources agree with independently inspected human and mouse C2CD3 localization. No target-specific divergence contradicts the mapping; retain the term without claiming a separate audit of every electronic rule.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: C2CD3 acts at the centrosomal microtubule-organizing center through its centriolar pool.
Reason: This broader PAINT location is consistent with the directly established centriole and basal-body locations. It does not assign microtubule nucleation, polymerase activity or centrosomal kinase activity to C2CD3. PTN001082711 is retained on concordant biology rather than donor counting.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5617816
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cytosol is a broad compartment assignment in the curated ciliogenesis pathway.
Reason: The preserved Reactome-derived GOA assertion assigns the cytosol location. The complete cached event summary supplies reaction context but does not independently resolve a diffuse versus centriolar pool. RAB3IP-mediated nucleotide exchange on RAB8A is the activity of RAB3IP, not C2CD3. Retain this broad location as non-core; the specific structural work of C2CD3 occurs at the distal centriole/basal body, and this location annotation is not an assertion that C2CD3 catalyzes the named reaction.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5617816
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626220
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cytosol is a broad compartment assignment in the curated ciliogenesis pathway.
Reason: The preserved Reactome-derived GOA assertion assigns the cytosol location. The complete cached event summary supplies reaction context but does not independently resolve a diffuse versus centriolar pool. The source describes recruitment of C2CD3 to the mother centriole. Retain this broad location as non-core; the specific structural work of C2CD3 occurs at the distal centriole/basal body, and this location annotation is not an assertion that C2CD3 catalyzes the named reaction.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5626220
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626223
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cytosol is a broad compartment assignment in the curated ciliogenesis pathway.
Reason: The preserved Reactome-derived GOA assertion assigns the cytosol location. The complete cached event summary supplies reaction context but does not independently resolve a diffuse versus centriolar pool. The source describes distal-appendage recruitment in the C2CD3/OFD1 context. Retain this broad location as non-core; the specific structural work of C2CD3 occurs at the distal centriole/basal body, and this location annotation is not an assertion that C2CD3 catalyzes the named reaction.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5626223
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626227
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cytosol is a broad compartment assignment in the curated ciliogenesis pathway.
Reason: The preserved Reactome-derived GOA assertion assigns the cytosol location. The complete cached event summary supplies reaction context but does not independently resolve a diffuse versus centriolar pool. The source describes removal of CP110 and CEP97 during initiation of ciliogenesis. Retain this broad location as non-core; the specific structural work of C2CD3 occurs at the distal centriole/basal body, and this location annotation is not an assertion that C2CD3 catalyzes the named reaction.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5626227
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626228
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cytosol is a broad compartment assignment in the curated ciliogenesis pathway.
Reason: The preserved Reactome-derived GOA assertion assigns the cytosol location. The complete cached event summary supplies reaction context but does not independently resolve a diffuse versus centriolar pool. TTBK2 recruitment and kinase action must not be transferred to C2CD3. Retain this broad location as non-core; the specific structural work of C2CD3 occurs at the distal centriole/basal body, and this location annotation is not an assertion that C2CD3 catalyzes the named reaction.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5626228
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626681
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cytosol is a broad compartment assignment in the curated ciliogenesis pathway.
Reason: The preserved Reactome-derived GOA assertion assigns the cytosol location. The complete cached event summary supplies reaction context but does not independently resolve a diffuse versus centriolar pool. The source describes transition-zone recruitment downstream of distal maturation. Retain this broad location as non-core; the specific structural work of C2CD3 occurs at the distal centriole/basal body, and this location annotation is not an assertion that C2CD3 catalyzes the named reaction.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5626681
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626699
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cytosol is a broad compartment assignment in the curated ciliogenesis pathway.
Reason: The preserved Reactome-derived GOA assertion assigns the cytosol location. The complete cached event summary supplies reaction context but does not independently resolve a diffuse versus centriolar pool. MARK4–ODF2 regulation is a partner reaction, not a C2CD3 kinase activity. Retain this broad location as non-core; the specific structural work of C2CD3 occurs at the distal centriole/basal body, and this location annotation is not an assertion that C2CD3 catalyzes the named reaction.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5626699
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5638009
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cytosol is a broad compartment assignment in the curated ciliogenesis pathway.
Reason: The preserved Reactome-derived GOA assertion assigns the cytosol location. The complete cached event summary supplies reaction context but does not independently resolve a diffuse versus centriolar pool. CEP164-dependent recruitment of RAB3IP-associated vesicles supplies pathway context rather than a C2CD3 transport enzyme activity. Retain this broad location as non-core; the specific structural work of C2CD3 occurs at the distal centriole/basal body, and this location annotation is not an assertion that C2CD3 catalyzes the named reaction.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5638009
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0034451 centriolar satellite
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A centriolar-satellite pool accompanies the principal centriolar C2CD3 pool.
Reason: The PAINT satellite location agrees with localization evidence summarized in PMID:24469809 and the low-level tagged mouse IMCD3 experiments in PMID:24997988. Retain the conserved location as non-core; neither this location nor its inheritance establishes that C2CD3 is required for satellite integrity. No independent PAINT node-placement audit is claimed.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0034451 centriolar satellite
IDA
PMID:24997988
The oral-facial-digital syndrome gene C2CD3 encodes a positi...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: C2cd3 colocalizes with the centriolar-satellite marker PCM1 in the inspected model.
Reason: PMID:24997988 reports low-level GFP-C2cd3 expression in mouse IMCD3 cells and PCM1 colocalization, while C2CD3 depletion/mutation did not disrupt satellite integrity in the tested systems. Retain the curated human localization by curator deference and conserved target biology, explicitly distinguishing the inspected mouse tagged-protein assay from a human target image. The satellite pool is auxiliary to the distal-centriolar structural function.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0034451 centriolar satellite
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Electronic satellite localization is consistent with the experimentally observed C2cd3 pool.
Reason: The mouse-ortholog/ARBA sources agree with the satellite localization in PMID:24997988 and PMID:24469809. The term remains a location claim, not evidence of satellite assembly or integrity activity; no loss/divergence evidence justifies rejecting the propagation.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0036064 ciliary basal body
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: C2CD3 acts at the ciliary basal body during primary-cilium assembly.
Reason: The curated immunofluorescence assignment is consistent with the mother-centriole/basal-body functions reported in PMID:23769972 and PMID:24469809. Retain the location while acknowledging that the original individual atlas image was not inspected; it does not imply localization within the ciliary axoneme.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/C2CD3/C2CD3-uniprot.txt
GO:0036064 ciliary basal body
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: The basal-body location is supported by the conserved ciliogenesis mechanism.
Reason: Mouse ortholog and electronic annotation sources agree with recruitment and appendage-assembly experiments summarized in PMID:24469809, with human distal-centriole localization corroborated by PMID:24997988 and PMID:41364719. A basal-body role does not require assigning C2CD3 to the ciliary lumen.
GO:0060271 cilium assembly
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: C2CD3 contributes structural organization and recruitment needed for cilium assembly.
Reason: The PAINT inference at PTN001082711 agrees with human C2CD3 follow-up in PMID:23769972, mammalian distal-appendage assembly in PMID:24469809 and human architectural evidence in PMID:41364719. C2CD3 performs organizing work at the basal body rather than merely serving as a downstream disease marker. Target self-inclusion is not circular evidence.
GO:0060271 cilium assembly
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: The electronic cilium-assembly annotation agrees with the established target function.
Reason: Independent target experiments support distal maturation, appendage recruitment and primary-cilium assembly. Retain the broader ARBA assertion; no evidence suggests the target has lost this function. This does not transfer motor, kinase or guanine-nucleotide-exchange activity from downstream ciliogenesis proteins.
GO:0061511 centriole elongation
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: C2CD3 participates in conserved centriole elongation.
Reason: The PAINT assertion is corroborated by shortened centrioles in mutant mouse fibroblasts and C2CD3-induced centriole extensions in human cells in PMID:24997988, with further human depletion evidence in PMID:41364719. The evidence supports a structural elongation role without assigning a tubulin-polymerizing enzyme activity. No independent phylogenetic placement audit is claimed.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0061511 centriole elongation
IDA
PMID:24997988
The oral-facial-digital syndrome gene C2CD3 encodes a positi...
ACCEPT
Summary: Loss and gain of C2CD3 perturb centriole length in opposite directions.
Reason: PMID:24997988 combines mutant mouse-cell ultrastructure with human-cell overexpression and correlative microscopy of continuous centriolar extensions. These experiments support participation in centriole elongation; OFD1 antagonism and altered appendages are mechanistic context. The overexpression structures are not treated as proof of a purified microtubule-polymerase activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24997988
C2CD3 directly promotes centriole elongation
GO:0061511 centriole elongation
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Electronic centriole elongation is consistent with direct target experiments.
Reason: The combined mouse-ortholog and ARBA sources agree with the experimentally established C2CD3 length phenotype and its structural role at the distal centriole. Retain the biological assertion while preserving the original electronic provenance.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0071539 protein localization to centrosome
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: C2CD3 supports recruitment or maintenance of distal centrosomal proteins.
Reason: The PAINT protein-localization assertion is consistent with loss of distal components after C2CD3 perturbation in PMID:24997988 and human depletion in PMID:41364719. GO:0071539 includes maintenance at the centrosome as well as transport, so C2CD3 need not be a motor or transport catalyst to perform this organizing role.
GO:0071539 protein localization to centrosome
IDA
PMID:24997988
The oral-facial-digital syndrome gene C2CD3 encodes a positi...
ACCEPT
Summary: C2CD3 supports distal-centriolar retention and recruitment of multiple proteins.
Reason: PMID:24997988 reports loss of centriolar components and appendages in C2cd3-mutant cells. Independent PMID:41364719 human-cell imaging shows disruption of the luminal network, DISCO recruitment and distal microtubule-cap components. Retain the broad localization process; not every affected protein is shown to bind C2CD3 directly, and MNR cellular displacement is distinct from purified binary binding.
Supporting Evidence:
GO:0071539 protein localization to centrosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: The ARBA localization process agrees with C2CD3 architectural and recruitment functions.
Reason: Independent human and mammalian evidence supports recruitment or maintenance of proteins at the centrosome. This process does not imply that C2CD3 itself phosphorylates TTBK2 substrates, activates RAB8 or carries ciliary vesicles.
GO:1905515 non-motile cilium assembly
IMP
PMID:23769972
Discovering regulators of centriole biogenesis through siRNA...
ACCEPT
Summary: C2CD3 distal-centriole function supports primary, non-motile cilium assembly.
Reason: The PMID:23769972 abstract reports target-specific distal-centriole follow-up and primary-cilium templating in human cells. Full target Methods/images and the erratum contents remain unavailable; retain the curated IMP in conjunction with independent ciliogenesis and appendage evidence from PMID:24469809. No exact target follow-up cell line is inferred from general indexing.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23769972
template primary cilia
GO:0005200 structural constituent of cytoskeleton
IDA
PMID:41364719
The luminal ring protein C2CD3 acts as a radial in-to-out or...
NEW
Summary: C2CD3 contributes to the structural organization of the distal-centriolar luminal network.
Reason: PMID:41364719 combines human C2CD3 epitope mapping in a radial arrangement with loss of luminal and appendage-recruitment architecture after depletion. Physical placement within that architecture plus its organizing effect supports a cytoskeletal structural function, beyond a ciliogenesis-necessity phenotype alone. Mouse cryo-electron tomography is complementary structural context; it does not identify every ring node or hook as C2CD3. GO:0005200 specifically concerns structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure; the distal centriole is that structure here. It is a child of structural molecule activity and does not require direct tubulin affinity. This specifies the demonstrated architectural role without asserting a finer protein adapter, catalytic activity or calcium-dependent lipid binding. This is a new molecular-function assertion, not an additional process annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:41364719
destabilizes the luminal ring network

Core Functions

C2CD3 contributes structural organization at the distal centriole, positioning a radial luminal network that supports centriole elongation and recruitment or retention of distal ciliogenesis machinery. This integrates appendage maturation and primary-cilium formation; it does not assign C2CD3 to every ring node or hook, require loss of initial procentriole formation, or infer catalytic activity from recruited partners.

Supporting Evidence:

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Which molecular components form the distal ring nodes and hook, and how does C2CD3 connect them to MNR and other appendage-recruitment factors?

Q: Do C2CD3 C2 domains bind calcium or phospholipids under physiological conditions, and how would that affect its centriolar structural role?

Q: What was corrected by the erratum linked to PMID:23769972, and does it affect any C2CD3-specific localization or ciliogenesis result?

Q: How do the five source-record products differ in expression and centriolar function, beyond the sequence differences recorded by UniProt?

πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(C2CD3-notes.md)

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