CALM3 encodes one of the three human calmodulin genes and produces the same 149 amino acid calmodulin protein encoded by CALM1 and CALM2. The protein is a ubiquitous calcium sensor with four EF-hand motifs that binds calcium and regulates ion channels, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and cell-division machinery. Because CALM1, CALM2, and CALM3 encode identical proteins, core calcium-sensing functions transfer well across the calmodulin family. Direct channel- and sarcoplasmic-reticulum calcium-release regulation can be retained as core even when assayed in cardiac cells, whereas broader cardiac electrophysiology or tissue-context terms reflect downstream physiology or recruitment rather than a CALM3-specific biochemical difference. CALM3 variants contribute to calmodulinopathy, including CPVT and long-QT phenotypes driven by dysregulated calcium-channel signaling.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Primary cytoplasmic localization Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005509 calcium ion binding | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium-binding function through 4 EF-hand domains Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization Supporting Evidence: file:human/CALM3/CALM3-deep-research-falcon.md CaM has two homologous globular domains (N- and C-lobes) connected by a flexible central helix; each lobe contains two canonical EF-hand helix-loop-helix motifs, yielding four Ca2+ binding sites per CaM molecule. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Nuclear localization in some contexts Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0010880 regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Regulates RyR-mediated calcium release from SR Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005513 detection of calcium ion | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium sensing function Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization Supporting Evidence: file:human/CALM3/CALM3-deep-research-falcon.md Calmodulin is a ubiquitously expressed Ca2+ sensor that transduces intracellular Ca2+ changes into functional regulation of diverse target proteins. |
| GO:0097720 calcineurin-mediated signaling | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Activates calcineurin phosphatase for NFAT signaling Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005813 centrosome | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Centrosomal localization for cell division Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0043209 myelin sheath | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Myelin sheath localization Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0000922 spindle pole | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Spindle pole localization during mitosis Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0002027 regulation of heart rate | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Heart rate regulation through ion channel modulation Reason: Retained as core because the annotation reflects direct calmodulin control of cardiac ion-channel and calcium-release machinery; broader downstream electrophysiology terms are kept non-core separately. |
| GO:0005246 calcium channel regulator activity | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Regulates L-type calcium channels and ryanodine receptors Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization Supporting Evidence: file:human/CALM3/CALM3-deep-research-falcon.md CaM is pre-associated with CaV1.2, and C-lobe EF-hand mutations that reduce Ca2+ binding can blunt calcium-dependent inactivation, increasing Ca2+ entry and prolonging action potentials. |
| GO:0005509 calcium ion binding | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium-binding function through 4 EF-hand domains Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005513 detection of calcium ion | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium sensing function Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005813 centrosome | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Centrosomal localization for cell division Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005819 spindle | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Spindle localization for cell division Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005876 spindle microtubule | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Spindle microtubule association Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0010856 adenylate cyclase activator activity | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Activates adenylate cyclase for cAMP signaling Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0010881 regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cardiac calcium-induced calcium release regulation Reason: Retained as core because regulation of sequestered calcium release maps directly to calmodulin-RyR/SR calcium-release control, a core channel-regulatory mechanism despite the cardiac wording. |
| GO:0019901 protein kinase binding | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Binds CaMK family and other protein kinases Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0030017 sarcomere | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Sarcomere localization in muscle Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0031432 titin binding | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Titin binding in muscle Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0032465 regulation of cytokinesis | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytokinesis regulation with CP110 and centrin Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0034704 calcium channel complex | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Component of calcium channel complexes Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0043539 protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Activates CaMKII and other calcium-dependent kinases Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0060291 long-term synaptic potentiation | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Long-term synaptic potentiation reflects specialized neuronal signaling. Reason: Calmodulin is important for synaptic plasticity, but this is a tissue-specific downstream context and should not be used to distinguish CALM3 from CALM1 or CALM2. |
| GO:0072542 protein phosphatase activator activity | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Activates calcineurin (PP2B) phosphatase Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0097720 calcineurin-mediated signaling | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Activates calcineurin phosphatase for NFAT signaling Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:1901844 regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Cardiac electrical coupling regulation Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:35271311 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human ce... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Too general - more specific terms available Reason: Too general - more specific terms are available |
| GO:0000785 chromatin | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Chromatin association Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0001975 response to amphetamine | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Amphetamine response in neurons Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Nuclear localization in some contexts Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0008076 voltage-gated potassium channel complex | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: KCNQ channel complex component Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0016020 membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000107 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: General membrane localization is plausible but not a core assignment. Reason: Calmodulin is recruited to membrane-associated channels and receptors, but broad membrane localization is secondary to its core soluble calcium-sensor role. |
| GO:0019904 protein domain specific binding | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: IQ motif and calmodulin-binding domain recognition Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0030235 nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Regulates NOS enzymes Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0030426 growth cone | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Neuronal growth cone localization Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0030672 synaptic vesicle membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Synaptic vesicle localization Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0031800 type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor binding | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: mGluR3 binding in neurons Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0031966 mitochondrial membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Mitochondrial membrane association Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0031982 vesicle | IEA GO_REF:0000107 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Vesicle association is observed in specialized trafficking or exosome contexts. Reason: Vesicle localization reflects specific cell-type and trafficking contexts rather than a defining family-wide localization for the identical calmodulin protein. |
| GO:0043209 myelin sheath | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Myelin sheath localization Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0043548 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: PI3K binding for signaling Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0044305 calyx of Held | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Calyx of Held synapse localization Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0044325 transmembrane transporter binding | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Binds ion channels and transporters Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0048306 calcium-dependent protein binding | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Calcium-dependent target protein binding Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0050998 nitric-oxide synthase binding | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Binds NOS for activation Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0051412 response to corticosterone | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Corticosterone response Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0097225 sperm midpiece | IEA GO_REF:0000107 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Sperm midpiece localization Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0098685 Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Hippocampal synapse localization Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0099523 presynaptic cytosol | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Presynaptic localization Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0099524 postsynaptic cytosol | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Postsynaptic localization Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0140238 presynaptic endocytosis | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Presynaptic vesicle endocytosis Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0141110 transporter inhibitor activity | IEA GO_REF:0000107 | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: This term is too specific for the available transfer evidence. Reason: Calmodulin modulates multiple transporters and channels, but a generic transporter inhibitor term overstates a context-dependent regulatory effect. |
| GO:1900242 regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Synaptic vesicle endocytosis regulation Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:1905913 negative regulation of calcium ion export across plasma membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000107 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Negative regulation of calcium export is plausible in channel-regulatory contexts but not a core assignment. Reason: This term reflects a specific downstream physiological setting of calmodulin-dependent channel regulation rather than a defining family-wide process. |
| GO:2000300 regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Synaptic vesicle exocytosis regulation Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-9956602 | ACCEPT | Summary: Soluble cytosolic protein Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-9956624 | ACCEPT | Summary: Soluble cytosolic protein Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-9956667 | ACCEPT | Summary: Soluble cytosolic protein Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0010881 regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion | IDA PMID:23040497 Mutations in calmodulin cause ventricular tachycardia and su... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cardiac calcium-induced calcium release regulation Reason: Retained as core because PMID:23040497 directly supports calmodulin regulation of RyR-mediated sarcoplasmic-reticulum calcium release; broader cardiac electrophysiology phenotypes are treated as non-core. |
| GO:1901844 regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction | IDA PMID:23040497 Mutations in calmodulin cause ventricular tachycardia and su... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Cardiac electrical coupling regulation Reason: Kept non-core because cardiac electrical coupling is a downstream tissue-level conduction phenotype rather than the direct calmodulin biochemical mechanism, which is captured by calcium/channel regulatory terms. |
| GO:0005246 calcium channel regulator activity | IDA PMID:20226167 Defective calmodulin binding to the cardiac ryanodine recept... | ACCEPT | Summary: Regulates L-type calcium channels and ryanodine receptors Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0010881 regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion | IDA PMID:20226167 Defective calmodulin binding to the cardiac ryanodine recept... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cardiac calcium-induced calcium release regulation Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0060291 long-term synaptic potentiation | TAS PMID:20668654 Structure of the CaMKIIdelta/calmodulin complex reveals the ... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Long-term synaptic potentiation reflects specialized neuronal signaling. Reason: Calmodulin is important for synaptic plasticity, but this is a tissue-specific downstream context and should not be used to distinguish CALM3 from CALM1 or CALM2. |
| GO:0097720 calcineurin-mediated signaling | IDA PMID:8631777 Blocking the Ca2+-induced conformational transitions in calm... | ACCEPT | Summary: Activates calcineurin phosphatase for NFAT signaling Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:11984006 The Chediak-Higashi protein interacts with SNARE complex and... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Too general - more specific terms available Reason: Too general - more specific terms are available |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:19855925 Structural analysis of the complex between calmodulin and fu... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Too general - more specific terms available Reason: Too general - more specific terms are available |
| GO:0005509 calcium ion binding | IDA PMID:35568036 A family of conserved bacterial virulence factors dampens in... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium-binding function through 4 EF-hand domains Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0043539 protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity | IDA PMID:35568036 A family of conserved bacterial virulence factors dampens in... | ACCEPT | Summary: Activates CaMKII and other calcium-dependent kinases Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005509 calcium ion binding | IDA PMID:31454269 Genetic Mosaicism in Calmodulinopathy. | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium-binding function through 4 EF-hand domains Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0098901 regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential | IMP PMID:31454269 Genetic Mosaicism in Calmodulinopathy. | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Cardiac action potential regulation Reason: Kept non-core because action-potential regulation is a cardiac electrophysiology endpoint downstream of calmodulin control of CaV/RyR channels, not a distinct core molecular function. |
| GO:1901842 negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity | IMP PMID:31454269 Genetic Mosaicism in Calmodulinopathy. | ACCEPT | Summary: Calcium channel activity regulation Reason: Accepted as direct channel regulation because PMID:31454269 supports impaired calcium-dependent inactivation of L-type calcium channels by calmodulin variants; this is closer to the core mechanism than the downstream action-potential phenotype. |
| GO:0010856 adenylate cyclase activator activity | IDA PMID:11807546 Structural basis for the activation of anthrax adenylyl cycl... | ACCEPT | Summary: Activates adenylate cyclase for cAMP signaling Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0034704 calcium channel complex | IDA PMID:23040497 Mutations in calmodulin cause ventricular tachycardia and su... | ACCEPT | Summary: Component of calcium channel complexes Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0000922 spindle pole | IDA PMID:16760425 CP110 cooperates with two calcium-binding proteins to regula... | ACCEPT | Summary: Spindle pole localization during mitosis Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:10692436 Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent calmodulin binding s... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Too general - more specific terms available Reason: Too general - more specific terms are available |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:15140941 Ca2+-binding protein-1 facilitates and forms a postsynaptic ... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Too general - more specific terms available Reason: Too general - more specific terms are available |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:15632291 Myristoyl moiety of HIV Nef is involved in regulation of the... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Too general - more specific terms available Reason: Too general - more specific terms are available |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:16760425 CP110 cooperates with two calcium-binding proteins to regula... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Too general - more specific terms available Reason: Too general - more specific terms are available |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:21299499 IQ-motif selectivity in human IQGAP2 and IQGAP3: binding of ... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Too general - more specific terms available Reason: Too general - more specific terms are available |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:3111527 Comparison of S100b protein with calmodulin: interactions wi... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Too general - more specific terms available Reason: Too general - more specific terms are available |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | HDA PMID:21630459 Proteomic characterization of the human sperm nucleus. | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Nuclear localization in some contexts Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | TAS PMID:10899953 Calmodulin regulation of basal and agonist-stimulated G prot... | ACCEPT | Summary: Primary cytoplasmic localization Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005813 centrosome | IDA PMID:16760425 CP110 cooperates with two calcium-binding proteins to regula... | ACCEPT | Summary: Centrosomal localization for cell division Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005876 spindle microtubule | IDA PMID:16760425 CP110 cooperates with two calcium-binding proteins to regula... | ACCEPT | Summary: Spindle microtubule association Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | TAS PMID:10899953 Calmodulin regulation of basal and agonist-stimulated G prot... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Plasma membrane association occurs in specific signaling contexts. Reason: Calmodulin can associate with membrane-proximal receptor and channel complexes, but plasma membrane residence is context dependent rather than a defining family-wide localization. |
| GO:0007186 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | TAS PMID:10899953 Calmodulin regulation of basal and agonist-stimulated G prot... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Calmodulin modulates selected GPCR signaling pathways in specialized contexts. Reason: This captures a real signaling interaction, but the evidence is receptor- and context-specific and should not be treated as a defining CALM3 function relative to the other calmodulin paralogs. |
| GO:0021762 substantia nigra development | HEP PMID:22926577 Quantitative proteomic analysis of human substantia nigra in... | REMOVE | Summary: Proteomic detection in substantia nigra does not justify a developmental annotation. Reason: The cited evidence is expression/proteomics in diseased tissue, not functional evidence for substantia nigra development. |
| GO:0031982 vesicle | HDA PMID:19190083 Characterization of exosome-like vesicles released from huma... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Vesicle association is observed in specialized trafficking or exosome contexts. Reason: Vesicle localization reflects specific cell-type and trafficking contexts rather than a defining family-wide localization for the identical calmodulin protein. |
| GO:0032465 regulation of cytokinesis | IMP PMID:16760425 CP110 cooperates with two calcium-binding proteins to regula... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytokinesis regulation with CP110 and centrin Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005509 calcium ion binding | IDA PMID:11807546 Structural basis for the activation of anthrax adenylyl cycl... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium-binding function through 4 EF-hand domains Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0008179 adenylate cyclase binding | IPI PMID:11807546 Structural basis for the activation of anthrax adenylyl cycl... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Direct adenylate cyclase binding is supported, but mainly in host-pathogen interaction studies. Reason: The interaction is real biochemistry for calmodulin, but the cited evidence centers on bacterial edema-factor activation rather than a defining endogenous CALM3 role. |
| GO:0032991 protein-containing complex | IDA PMID:19855925 Structural analysis of the complex between calmodulin and fu... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Too general - more specific terms available Reason: Too general - more specific terms are available |
| GO:1902494 catalytic complex | IDA PMID:11807546 Structural basis for the activation of anthrax adenylyl cycl... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Part of enzyme complexes Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0002027 regulation of heart rate | IMP PMID:23040497 Mutations in calmodulin cause ventricular tachycardia and su... | ACCEPT | Summary: Heart rate regulation through ion channel modulation Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005509 calcium ion binding | IDA PMID:23040497 Mutations in calmodulin cause ventricular tachycardia and su... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium-binding function through 4 EF-hand domains Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005509 calcium ion binding | IDA PMID:7607248 A calmodulin-binding sequence in the C-terminus of human car... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium-binding function through 4 EF-hand domains Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005509 calcium ion binding | IDA PMID:8631777 Blocking the Ca2+-induced conformational transitions in calm... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium-binding function through 4 EF-hand domains Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005513 detection of calcium ion | IMP PMID:23040497 Mutations in calmodulin cause ventricular tachycardia and su... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium sensing function Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0010880 regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum | IDA PMID:20226167 Defective calmodulin binding to the cardiac ryanodine recept... | ACCEPT | Summary: Regulates RyR-mediated calcium release from SR Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0019901 protein kinase binding | IPI PMID:20668654 Structure of the CaMKIIdelta/calmodulin complex reveals the ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Binds CaMK family and other protein kinases Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0030017 sarcomere | IDA PMID:20226167 Defective calmodulin binding to the cardiac ryanodine recept... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Sarcomere localization in muscle Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0031432 titin binding | IPI PMID:7607248 A calmodulin-binding sequence in the C-terminus of human car... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Titin binding in muscle Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0043539 protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity | TAS PMID:20668654 Structure of the CaMKIIdelta/calmodulin complex reveals the ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Activates CaMKII and other calcium-dependent kinases Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0044325 transmembrane transporter binding | IPI PMID:21167176 Solution NMR structure of Apo-calmodulin in complex with the... | ACCEPT | Summary: Binds ion channels and transporters Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0044325 transmembrane transporter binding | IPI PMID:23040497 Mutations in calmodulin cause ventricular tachycardia and su... | ACCEPT | Summary: Binds ion channels and transporters Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0051592 response to calcium ion | IDA PMID:7607248 A calmodulin-binding sequence in the C-terminus of human car... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Response to calcium ion Reason: Tissue-specific or specialized function |
| GO:0055117 regulation of cardiac muscle contraction | IMP PMID:23040497 Mutations in calmodulin cause ventricular tachycardia and su... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cardiac contraction through calcium channel regulation Reason: Retained as core because the evidence links calmodulin to cardiac contraction through direct RyR/calcium-channel regulation; broader tissue-level electrical-conduction phenotypes remain non-core. |
| GO:0072542 protein phosphatase activator activity | IDA PMID:8631777 Blocking the Ca2+-induced conformational transitions in calm... | ACCEPT | Summary: Activates calcineurin (PP2B) phosphatase Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
| GO:0005509 calcium ion binding | IDA PMID:27516456 Novel CPVT-Associated Calmodulin Mutation in CALM3 (CALM3-A1... | ACCEPT | Summary: Core calcium-binding function through 4 EF-hand domains Reason: Core calmodulin function or localization |
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