CDH1

UniProt ID: P12830
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

CDH1 encodes E-cadherin (epithelial cadherin), the prototypical type-I classical cadherin and the principal calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule of epithelia. This single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein has five extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats that bind calcium and mediate homophilic trans-adhesion with E-cadherin on neighbouring cells, while its cytoplasmic tail nucleates the cadherin-catenin complex by binding p120-catenin, beta-catenin and gamma-catenin/plakoglobin; alpha-catenin in turn couples this complex to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Through these interactions E-cadherin builds and maintains adherens junctions, establishes epithelial apicobasal polarity and tissue integrity, and facilitates early desmosome assembly. E-cadherin is a potent invasion and tumour suppressor: loss of function promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and is causative in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast carcinoma. E-cadherin is additionally exploited as a host cell-surface receptor by Listeria monocytogenes internalin A.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0000902 cell morphogenesis
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER classical cadherin family tree (PTHR24027, subfamily SF319 Cadherin-1) via GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin contributes to epithelial cell morphogenesis because cadherin-mediated adhesion shapes epithelial cells and is required to establish and maintain epithelial architecture. However, cell morphogenesis is a broad downstream outcome of the core adhesion and junction-organizing activity rather than a distinct core function. The precise core CDH1 processes (calcium-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion, cadherin-mediated adhesion, adherens junction organization) are captured by other rows in this file.
Reason: Real but general developmental/cellular outcome downstream of the core adhesion function; the precise core processes (GO:0044331 cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin, GO:0034332 adherens junction organization) are ACCEPTed elsewhere in this batch. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
GO:0016477 cell migration
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER cadherin family tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin participates in cell migration processes — it is retained at junctions during collective epithelial migration such as wound healing, and conversely its loss drives the epithelial-mesenchymal transition that licenses single-cell motility and invasion. The bare cell migration term carries no directionality, whereas the best-established directional CDH1 role is suppression of single-cell migration/invasion, separately captured by the IMP GO:0030336 (negative regulation of cell migration) row in this file (PMID:16882694). The generic involved_in cell-migration inference is therefore a real but non-core, context-dependent association.
Reason: Generic non-directional migration term; the core CDH1 activity is cell-cell adhesion rather than migration per se, and the directional regulatory role (suppression of migration/invasion) is captured by GO:0030336 elsewhere in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
GO:0007043 cell-cell junction assembly
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER classical cadherin family tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin nucleates assembly of epithelial cell-cell junctions — homophilic trans-engagement of E-cadherin ectodomains initiates cell-cell contact, and the cytoplasmic tail recruits the catenins that build the adherens junction and template subsequent tight-junction and desmosome formation. This is a core, well-established CDH1 function, consistent with the more specific GO:0034332 (adherens junction organization) row.
Reason: Core CDH1 biological process — E-cadherin is the founding adhesion receptor that initiates epithelial cell-cell junction assembly. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IBA projection (is_active_in) from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin is a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein; its steady-state location is the plasma membrane and adherens junction, with only its ~150-residue C-terminal tail exposed to the cytosol. Annotating the protein as is_active_in the cytoplasm (GO:0005737) is over-broad — it asserts a generic compartment that does not reflect where the protein resides or acts. The accurate localizations (plasma membrane, adherens junction, lateral plasma membrane) are captured by other rows in this file.
Reason: Over-broad CC for a single-pass transmembrane plasma-membrane protein; cytoplasm is not entirely wrong (the cytoplasmic tail faces the cytosol) but does not reflect the protein actual residence or site of action. More precise CC terms (GO:0005886 plasma membrane, GO:0005912 adherens junction, GO:0016328 lateral plasma membrane) are present in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033. The E-cadherin cytoplasmic catenin-binding domain directly binds beta-catenin (CTNNB1); this interaction links the cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton via alpha-catenin and is the molecular basis of the cadherin-catenin complex. Independently supported within this file by IPI/IDA evidence on this same term (PMID:18593713, Smad7 stabilizes beta-catenin binding to the E-cadherin complex; PMID:17620337) and by Reactome TAS rows describing CDH1-CTNNB1 complex formation.
Reason: Canonical core CDH1 molecular function — direct beta-catenin binding by the cadherin cytoplasmic tail is the defining interaction of the cadherin-catenin complex. Corroborated by IPI (PMID:18593713) and IDA (PMID:17620337) evidence on this exact term elsewhere in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
Experimental/biophysical synthesis emphasizes anchoring through **β‑catenin and α‑catenin**, enabling transmission of actomyosin forces across junctions
PMID:7806582
beta-Catenin is involved in the formation of adherens junctions of mammalian epithelia. It interacts with the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin
GO:0044331 cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER classical cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033. Cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is the defining function of E-cadherin — calcium-dependent homophilic trans-interaction of ectodomains between adjacent epithelial cells. This is the central core CDH1 process. Independently supported in this file by IDA evidence on the same term (PMID:18593713) and by the crystallographic adhesion-architecture reference PMID:21300292.
Reason: Defining core biological process of E-cadherin — homophilic cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Corroborated by IDA evidence on this exact term (PMID:18593713) elsewhere in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
E‑cadherin is a **calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion molecule** that organizes epithelial tissue architecture by mediating **homophilic adhesion** and supporting epithelial integrity and polarity
PMID:3498123
E-cadherin is a cell surface glycoprotein responsible for Ca2+-dependent intercellular adhesion between epithelial cells
GO:0016342 catenin complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: IBA projection (part_of) from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin is the transmembrane core of the cadherin-catenin (catenin) complex; its cytoplasmic tail scaffolds beta-catenin and gamma-catenin and, via alpha-catenin, the actin cytoskeleton. Independently supported in this file by IDA evidence on the same GO:0016342 term (PMID:18593713).
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component — E-cadherin is the obligate transmembrane component of the catenin complex. Corroborated by IDA evidence on this exact term (PMID:18593713) elsewhere in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
Broader mechanistic synthesis also highlights interaction with **p120‑catenin**, and how changes in E‑cadherin availability can alter β‑catenin and p120‑catenin signaling states
PMID:2349235
the cytoplasmic region of the cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin associates with three proteins named catenin alpha, beta, and gamma
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin engages in cadherin binding through calcium-dependent homophilic trans- and cis-interactions of its ectodomain (the EC1 strand-swap dimer interface), the mechanistic basis of homophilic cell-cell adhesion. Independently supported in this file by HDA evidence on the same term (PMID:25468996, the E-cadherin interactome) and the crystallographic reference PMID:21300292.
Reason: Core CDH1 molecular function — homophilic cadherin-cadherin binding via the ectodomain is the adhesive activity of E-cadherin. Corroborated by HDA evidence on this exact term (PMID:25468996) elsewhere in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
**homophilic trans-binding** is driven primarily by the **EC1 domain** and proceeds through an **X-dimer intermediate** followed by formation of a stable **strand-swapped dimer**, in which a **tryptophan side chain from one EC1 inserts into a hydrophobic pocket** of the opposing EC1
PMID:20190754
Crystal structures of classical cadherins have revealed two dimeric configurations. In the first, N-terminal beta-strands of EC1 domains 'swap' between partner molecules.
GO:0070097 delta-catenin binding
IPI
PMID:15240885
A role for Galpha12/Galpha13 in p120ctn regulation.
NEW
Summary: NEW annotation. The juxtamembrane domain (JMD) of E-cadherin's cytoplasmic tail directly binds p120-catenin (CTNND1) at a site distinct from the C-terminal beta-catenin-binding domain. UniProt cites Krakstad et al. 2004 (PMID:15240885) as the primary reference for "INTERACTION WITH CTNND1" (CDH1-uniprot.txt line 300); Fig. 5B coimmunoprecipitates E-cadherin with p120-catenin in L cells in the context of Galpha12 overexpression (with Galpha12 increasing the association), and the Discussion explicitly references the established direct binding of p120ctn to the juxtamembrane region of E-cadherin (the citation context UniProt relies on when listing this paper). The CDH1-CTNND1 interaction is independently documented in UniProt (P12830 SUBUNIT: "Interacts with CTNND1"; binding-site feature "Required for binding CTNND1 and PSEN1") and by four IntAct/UniProt-curated IPI records against CTNND1/O60716 in this file's GOA (PMID:10725230, PMID:19604117, PMID:33961781, PMID:34591612). Mariner et al. 2000 (PMID:10725230) provides supporting JMD-localization context by showing that ARVCF competes with p120 for the same JMD site. Mechanistically, p120-catenin binding masks a dileucine endocytic motif in the JMD and stabilizes E-cadherin at the plasma membrane, controlling cadherin surface levels, turnover, and adhesion strength — a direct molecular function distinct from beta-catenin binding (GO:0008013, a core function here). Term-usage note: GO:0070097 "delta-catenin binding" is the only available granular GO term for catenin-δ subfamily binding; there is no separate "p120-catenin binding" term. The term is used here for CTNND1 (p120/δ1-catenin) following the convention already established across all 39 GO:0005515 over-annotation rows in this file (e.g. line 285: "delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)"), and consistent with the GO definition "Binding to the delta subunit of the catenin complex."
Reason: Direct, well-supported molecular function (p120-catenin binding at the juxtamembrane domain) currently captured only as uninformative generic protein binding; promoting it to GO:0070097 implements the partner-specific replacement flagged across the GO:0005515 CTNND1 IPI rows of this file. Reference set was tightened after PR review: original_reference_id updated to UniProt's primary direct reference PMID:15240885 (was PMID:10725230, an ARVCF competition assay that only indirectly implies p120 binding), and PMID:24424122 (a suppressor-tRNA therapy paper) was dropped from the summary, leaving only the four IPI records that clearly target CTNND1/O60716. Alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294) is intentionally NOT proposed, because alpha-catenin associates with E-cadherin indirectly via beta-catenin rather than by direct binding to CDH1.
GO:0034332 adherens junction organization
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER classical cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin is the founding component that organizes the epithelial adherens junction — clustering of trans-engaged cadherins together with recruitment of the catenin-actin module assembles and maintains the zonula adherens. Independently supported in this file by IMP evidence on the same term (PMID:21724833).
Reason: Core CDH1 biological process — E-cadherin organizes the adherens junction. Corroborated by IMP evidence on this exact term (PMID:21724833) elsewhere in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
E‑cadherin-based adhesions transmit **actomyosin-generated pulling forces** through β‑catenin/α‑catenin anchorage, and junction stability can be limited by cytoskeletal anchorage rather than cadherin–cadherin binding strength
PMID:3498123
blocking the action of E-cadherin by monoclonal antibodies causes dispersion of compact cell colonies
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: IBA projection (is_active_in) from the PANTHER classical cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033. The adherens junction (zonula adherens) is the principal site of E-cadherin residence and function in epithelial cells. This is a core CDH1 cellular component, independently supported in this file by multiple IDA rows on the same term (PMID:22294297, PMID:18343367, PMID:27760340, PMID:24046456, PMID:20086044, PMID:16338932).
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component — the adherens junction is the defining site of E-cadherin localization and activity, corroborated by numerous IDA rows on this exact term in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
In epithelia, E‑cadherin is enriched at the **plasma membrane** and concentrates at **adherens junctions** where it contributes to epithelial sheet cohesion and tissue architecture
PMID:7806582
beta-Catenin is involved in the formation of adherens junctions of mammalian epithelia. It interacts with the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin
GO:0007416 synapse assembly
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033, originating from the broad ancestral node PTN000616414. Classical cadherins contribute to synapse assembly and stabilization in the nervous system, and E-cadherin has documented roles at neuronal synapses; however, for the canonical epithelial CDH1 this is a tissue-specific, non-core context rather than a defining function. The core CDH1 role is epithelial cell-cell adhesion at adherens junctions.
Reason: Tissue/cell-type-specific neuronal context (synapse assembly) rather than a core epithelial CDH1 function; projected from a broad ancestral PANTHER node. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
GO:0016339 calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER classical cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin adhesion is strictly calcium-dependent — Ca2+ ions bridge the linker regions between extracellular cadherin (EC) domains, rigidifying the ectodomain into the conformation competent for homophilic trans-binding. GO:0016339 (attachment of one cell to another via adhesion molecules that require calcium) precisely describes the core CDH1 adhesive process. Consistent with the IEA GO:0005509 (calcium ion binding) row in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 biological process — calcium-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion is the defining activity of E-cadherin. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
E‑cadherin is a **calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion molecule** that organizes epithelial tissue architecture by mediating **homophilic adhesion** and supporting epithelial integrity and polarity
PMID:3498123
E-cadherin is a cell surface glycoprotein responsible for Ca2+-dependent intercellular adhesion between epithelial cells
GO:0016600 flotillin complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IBA projection (part_of) from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033, from the broad ancestral node PTN000616414. GO:0016600 (flotillin complex) is defined as a protein complex containing flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 (and possibly associated proteins). E-cadherin is recruited to flotillin-rich membrane microdomains that stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junctions (shown experimentally in PMID:24046456, the separate IDA GO:0016600 row in this file), but it is not a constitutive flotillin subunit. Annotating E-cadherin as part_of the flotillin complex by phylogenetic inference overstates this microdomain association into structural complex membership. (The IDA flotillin row, PMID:24046456, is left PENDING for a later batch.)
Reason: The part_of qualifier overstates a membrane-microdomain association as structural membership of the flotillin-1/-2 complex; E-cadherin is recruited to flotillin microdomains but is not a flotillin-complex subunit. Not entirely wrong (flotillin-microdomain localization is experimentally supported by PMID:24046456) but an over-annotation as an IBA part_of inference. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
GO:0043296 apical junction complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IBA projection (is_active_in) from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033, from the broad ancestral node PTN000616414. The apical junction complex (GO:0043296) is the composite apical unit comprising the tight junction, the zonula adherens and desmosomes. E-cadherin is the core of the zonula adherens, one of the three constituents of the apical junction complex, so the annotation is not wrong; however, the precise and core CDH1 cellular component is the adherens junction itself (GO:0005912, ACCEPTed in this batch), and the broader composite grouping is best treated as non-core.
Reason: Accurate but broader-than-precise CC grouping; the precise core localization is GO:0005912 adherens junction. E-cadherin resides specifically in the zonula adherens sub-compartment of the apical junction complex. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23643492
E-cadherin supports steady-state Rho signaling at the epithelial zonula adherens
GO:0005509 calcium ion binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: IEA from InterPro2GO (GO_REF:0000002): E-cadherin has five extracellular cadherin (EC) domains, each pair bridged by three Ca2+ ions at the domain linker regions. Ca2+ binding rigidifies the extracellular domain into a rod-like conformation required for homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Calcium ion binding is therefore a core molecular activity of CDH1, corroborated by the IBA GO:0016339 (calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion) ACCEPT in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 molecular function — Ca2+ binding via the EC-domain linkers is an obligate step in homophilic cadherin adhesion. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
extracellular portion contains **five cadherin repeats (EC1–EC5)** with **calcium-binding sites**
GO:0005576 extracellular region
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044): CDH1 is a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein with a large N-terminal extracellular segment comprising five EC repeat domains (EC1-EC5). The ectodomain is entirely extracellular and constitutes the adhesion-competent portion of the protein.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component — the large EC1-EC5 ectodomain occupies the extracellular region and is the adhesion-active portion of the protein. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044): CDH1 is a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein whose steady-state localization is the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Only the ~150-residue C-terminal cytoplasmic tail faces the cytosol; the protein does not reside in or act within the cytoplasm as a compartment. More precise CC terms (GO:0005886 plasma membrane, GO:0005912 adherens junction) are accepted elsewhere in this file. Consistent with MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED on the IBA GO:0005737 row.
Reason: Over-broad CC for a single-pass transmembrane plasma-membrane protein; only the cytoplasmic tail faces the cytosol; more precise CC terms (plasma membrane, adherens junction) are accepted elsewhere. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0005768 endosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044): CDH1/E-cadherin undergoes clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is trafficked through early endosomes during junction remodelling and in response to growth factor signalling. Endosomal localisation is real but is a trafficking/turnover context rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion and junction-organising function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC — endosomal localisation reflects CDH1 endocytic turnover/recycling rather than core adhesion function; primary sites of CDH1 activity are plasma membrane and adherens junction. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044): CDH1 is glycosylated and processed in the Golgi apparatus as part of the secretory pathway before reaching the plasma membrane. Golgi localisation is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than a site of CDH1 function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC — Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localisation and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: IEA from UniProt keyword mapping (GO_REF:0000120): The plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1/E-cadherin localization and function. E-cadherin concentrates at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with experimental IDA and TAS evidence on the same term elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component — the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
In epithelia, E‑cadherin is enriched at the **plasma membrane** and concentrates at **adherens junctions** where it contributes to epithelial sheet cohesion and tissue architecture
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044): The adherens junction is the principal and defining site of CDH1/E-cadherin localization and function in epithelial cells. E-cadherin is the core transmembrane component of the cadherin-catenin complex at the adherens junction. Already ACCEPTed for the IBA annotation (GO_REF:0000033) in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component — the adherens junction is the defining site of CDH1 localization and activity; consistent with IBA ACCEPT on this term elsewhere in the file. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0007155 cell adhesion
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: IEA from InterPro2GO (GO_REF:0000002): Cell adhesion is the defining biological process of CDH1/E-cadherin. E-cadherin mediates calcium-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion between epithelial cells and is the founding member of the classical cadherin family.
Reason: Core CDH1 biological process — cell adhesion is the defining function of E-cadherin. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0007156 homophilic cell-cell adhesion
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: IEA from InterPro2GO (GO_REF:0000002): Homophilic cell-cell adhesion is the specific core mechanism of CDH1 — E-cadherin engages in calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation with E-cadherin on adjacent cells, forming the molecular basis of epithelial cell-cell adhesion.
Reason: Core CDH1 biological process — homophilic cell-cell adhesion via the ectodomain strand-swap mechanism is the defining activity of E-cadherin. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
**homophilic trans-binding** is driven primarily by the **EC1 domain** and proceeds through an **X-dimer intermediate** followed by formation of a stable **strand-swapped dimer**, in which a **tryptophan side chain from one EC1 inserts into a hydrophobic pocket** of the opposing EC1
GO:0016020 membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from InterPro2GO (GO_REF:0000002): CDH1 is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein and is associated with membranes. However, GO:0016020 membrane is a broad parent term. The precise CC annotations for CDH1 are GO:0005886 plasma membrane (core, ACCEPTed) and GO:0005912 adherens junction. The generic membrane annotation does not add information beyond the more specific terms.
Reason: GO:0016020 membrane is an uninformative broad parent term — CDH1 is a single-pass transmembrane protein but the informative CC terms are GO:0005886 plasma membrane and GO:0005912 adherens junction (both ACCEPTed elsewhere); the generic membrane term adds no annotation value. Consistent with the MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED treatment of the equally generic GO:0005737 cytoplasm rows. Action reconciled with the IDA GO:0016020 row in this file (#348).
GO:0030054 cell junction
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IEA from HGNC (GO_REF:0000117): CDH1 localizes to cell junctions. However, GO:0030054 cell junction is a broad parent term; the more specific and informative CC annotation is GO:0005912 adherens junction (ACCEPTed in this file), which is the precise junction type where E-cadherin resides and functions.
Reason: Broad parent CC — CDH1 localises to cell junctions but the precise junction type is the adherens junction (GO:0005912, accepted elsewhere); the broad parent term adds no annotation value. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0030057 desmosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044, the UniProtKB Subcellular Location keyword-to-GO mapping — not generic cadherin-family domain mapping): CDH1/E-cadherin localizes to desmosomes. UniProt P12830 curates "Cell junction, desmosome" as an experimentally-supported subcellular location (ECO:0000269|PubMed:25208567, PubMed:29999492, PubMed:33596089), and E-cadherin plays a role in the early stages of desmosome cell-cell junction formation by facilitating recruitment of DSG2 and DSP to desmosome plaques (PubMed:29999492). CDH1 is not itself a desmosomal cadherin (those are the desmogleins/desmocollins), but its desmosome localization and early-assembly role are genuine biology, not an over-annotation. This is peripheral to the core E-cadherin function at the adherens junction (GO:0005912, ACCEPTed in this file). Two IDA annotations on this term (PMID:33596089, PMID:29999492) and an IMP on GO:0002159 desmosome assembly (PMID:29999492) are PENDING for review in a later batch and should be reviewed consistently as KEEP_AS_NON_CORE.
Reason: GO_REF:0000044 propagates UniProt's curated, experimentally-supported "Cell junction, desmosome" subcellular location (ECO:0000269|PubMed:25208567/29999492/33596089) — it is not generic domain mapping, and the desmosome localization plus early-desmosome-assembly role are genuine but peripheral to the core adherens-junction function of E-cadherin. Corrects the prior MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED decision after a UniProt fact-check (see issue #348). IEA batch (batch 3 of #348) follow-up.
GO:0034329 cell junction assembly
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IEA from HGNC (GO_REF:0000117): CDH1 participates in cell junction assembly — E-cadherin nucleates adherens junction assembly and via the catenin complex templates subsequent tight junction assembly. GO:0034329 cell junction assembly is valid but is a broad parent of GO:0007043 cell-cell junction assembly (already ACCEPTed via IBA in this file).
Reason: Valid but broad parent BP — CDH1 participates in cell junction assembly but the precise term GO:0007043 cell-cell junction assembly is already ACCEPTed via IBA; broad parent adds no annotation value. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0098609 cell-cell adhesion
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: IEA from InterPro2GO (GO_REF:0000002): Cell-cell adhesion is the core biological process of CDH1/E-cadherin — the protein mediates calcium-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion between adjacent epithelial cells. Consistent with GO:0007155 cell adhesion (also ACCEPTed) and GO:0044331 cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin (ACCEPTed via IBA in this file).
Reason: Core CDH1 biological process — cell-cell adhesion is the defining function of E-cadherin; consistent with GO:0044331 (IBA ACCEPT) and GO:0007155 (IEA ACCEPT). IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:11401320
FGF-1 and FGF-2 modulate the E-cadherin/catenin system in pa...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:11401320 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12526809
Structure of internalin, a major invasion protein of Listeri...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:12526809 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15695390
E-cadherin phosphorylation by protein kinase D1/protein kina...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:15695390 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:16212417
Biosensor-based micro-affinity purification for the proteomi...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:16212417 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:16983094
The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene product represse...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:16983094 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17220478
Proteomics analysis of the interactome of N-myc downstream r...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:17220478 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17237808
Helicobacter pylori CagA interacts with E-cadherin and dereg...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:17237808 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17274640
A limited screen for protein interactions reveals new roles ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:17274640 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17715295
Thermodynamically reengineering the listerial invasion compl...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:17715295 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18093941
EPLIN mediates linkage of the cadherin catenin complex to F-...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:18093941 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18593713
Smad7 stabilizes beta-catenin binding to E-cadherin complex ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:18593713 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19016843
Molecular basis of actin reorganization promoted by binding ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:19016843 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19604117
CagA associates with c-Met, E-cadherin, and p120-catenin in ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:19604117 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19732724
The Tensin-3 protein, including its SH2 domain, is phosphory...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:19732724 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20802534
Hypoxia and cell cycle regulation of the von Hippel-Lindau t...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:20802534 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20951947
Pharmacologic inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex i...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:20951947 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21685945
Rack1 promotes epithelial cell-cell adhesion by regulating E...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:21685945 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22056988
Nuclear PKM2 regulates β-catenin transactivation upon EGFR a...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:22056988 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22158051
Tumor suppressor Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) associates with ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:22158051 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22252131
Structure of a novel phosphotyrosine-binding domain in Hakai...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:22252131 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22750944
Centralspindlin and α-catenin regulate Rho signalling at the...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:22750944 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24189400
Perturbation of the mutated EGFR interactome identifies vuln...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:24189400 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24424122
Rescue of wild-type E-cadherin expression from nonsense-muta...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:24424122 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24658140
The mammalian-membrane two-hybrid assay (MaMTH) for probing ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:24658140 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25241761
Using an in situ proximity ligation assay to systematically ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:25241761 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25344754
ASPP2 controls epithelial plasticity and inhibits metastasis...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:25344754 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:31980649
Extensive rewiring of the EGFR network in colorectal cancer ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:31980649 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32814053
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:32814053 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:33961781
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:33961781 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:34591612
A protein interaction landscape of breast cancer.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:34591612 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:35271311
OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human ce...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:35271311 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IPI
PMID:19114658
Resolving cadherin interactions and binding cooperativity at...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDH1 homodimerization documented by single-molecule force spectroscopy (Zhang et al. 2009, PNAS). This study directly measured E-cadherin trans-dimerization at the single-molecule level, confirming homophilic binding between CDH1 ectodomains and characterizing binding cooperativity. CDH1 identical protein binding is the molecular basis of homophilic cadherin-mediated cell adhesion.
Reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis of homophilic cadherin adhesion. This is a well-established, specific, and biologically meaningful annotation — unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed in batch 1. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755). ACCEPT.
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IPI
PMID:19646884
Characterizing the initial encounter complex in cadherin adh...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDH1 homodimerization detected by IntAct-curated physical interaction experiment (PMID:19646884). CDH1 identical protein binding reflects the well-established homophilic trans-dimerization mechanism that underlies cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer.
Reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis of homophilic cadherin adhesion. This is a well-established, specific, and biologically meaningful annotation — unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed in batch 1. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755). ACCEPT.
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IPI
PMID:21300292
The extracellular architecture of adherens junctions reveale...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDH1 homodimerization detected by IntAct-curated physical interaction experiment (PMID:21300292). CDH1 identical protein binding reflects the well-established homophilic trans-dimerization mechanism that underlies cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion.
Reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis of homophilic cadherin adhesion. This is a well-established, specific, and biologically meaningful annotation — unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed in batch 1. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755). ACCEPT.
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IPI
PMID:23112161
Ideal, catch, and slip bonds in cadherin adhesion.
ACCEPT
Summary: CDH1 homodimerization detected by IntAct-curated physical interaction experiment (PMID:23112161). CDH1 identical protein binding reflects the well-established homophilic trans-dimerization mechanism that underlies cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion.
Reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis of homophilic cadherin adhesion. This is a well-established, specific, and biologically meaningful annotation — unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed in batch 1. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755). ACCEPT.
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IPI
PMID:24725409
Intestinal brush border assembly driven by protocadherin-bas...
ACCEPT
Summary: This GO:0042802 identical-protein-binding annotation derives from an IntAct-curated interaction in Crawley et al. 2014 (PMID:24725409, Cell), a study primarily about PCDH24/MLPCDH protocadherin-based intermicrovillar adhesion driving intestinal brush border assembly. CDH1/E-cadherin is not a subject of that paper — it appears only as a positive control in a bead aggregation assay (Fig. 4B,C), where E-cadherin ectodomain-coated beads formed large aggregates, demonstrating robust homophilic adhesion. The paper explicitly excludes CDH1 from further study because E-cadherin localizes to the basolateral compartment rather than the brush border. The bead-aggregation control nonetheless confirms CDH1 homophilic (identical protein) binding, consistent with the well-established homophilic trans-dimerization mechanism underlying cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion.
Reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis of homophilic cadherin adhesion — a well-established, specific, and biologically meaningful annotation, unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed in batch 1. PMID:24725409 is not a dedicated CDH1 study (E-cadherin serves only as a bead-aggregation positive control there), but that control is genuine supporting data, and CDH1 homophilic binding is independently established by the other GO:0042802 IPI entries — notably the single-molecule force spectroscopy of PMID:19114658 — and by UniProt, which documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755). ACCEPT.
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IPI
PMID:35922511
A physical wiring diagram for the human immune system.
ACCEPT
Summary: CDH1 homodimerization detected in a physical wiring screen of the human immune system (Shilts et al. 2022, Nature). CDH1 identical protein binding reflects the well-established homophilic trans-dimerization mechanism that underlies cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion; this large-scale screen provides additional proteomics-level support for CDH1 self-interaction.
Reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis of homophilic cadherin adhesion. This is a well-established, specific, and biologically meaningful annotation — unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed in batch 1. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755). ACCEPT.
GO:0007416 synapse assembly
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Synapse assembly is a neural cadherin function attributed to CDH1 by Ensembl electronic propagation from neural cadherin subfamilies. E-cadherin has documented roles at neuronal synapses in neural tissue contexts, but this is a tissue-specific non-core context for canonical epithelial CDH1. Consistent with the IBA annotation on this same term (KEEP_AS_NON_CORE) in this file.
Reason: Tissue/cell-type-specific neuronal context rather than a core epithelial CDH1 function; consistent with IBA KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on this term. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: IEA from UniProt keyword mapping (GO_REF:0000120): Beta-catenin binding by the CDH1 cytoplasmic tail is the canonical molecular mechanism of the cadherin-catenin complex. The E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain directly binds beta-catenin (CTNNB1); this interaction links the cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton via alpha-catenin and is the basis of the adherens junction. Already ACCEPTed for the IBA annotation in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 molecular function — beta-catenin binding by the cytoplasmic domain is the canonical interaction of the cadherin-catenin complex; consistent with IBA ACCEPT on this term. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0009410 response to xenobiotic stimulus
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): There is no established direct role for CDH1/E-cadherin in responding to xenobiotic stimuli. CDH1 expression may change after toxic/xenobiotic exposure in some organisms as a secondary transcriptional effect, but this does not constitute a direct CDH1 molecular function in xenobiotic sensing or response.
Reason: No direct CDH1 role in xenobiotic response; Ensembl IEA likely propagated from toxicology studies where CDH1 expression changed as a secondary effect; not a core CDH1 function. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0009636 response to toxic substance
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Response to toxic substance is not a CDH1 core function. CDH1/E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion molecule; its expression may change under toxic conditions as a secondary effect but this does not constitute a direct CDH1 molecular function. Co-propagated with GO:0009410 from the same Ensembl ortholog source.
Reason: No direct CDH1 role in toxic-substance response; co-propagated with GO:0009410 from Ensembl; secondary CDH1 expression changes under toxic conditions are not a core CDH1 function. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0021983 pituitary gland development
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Pituitary gland development is not a core CDH1 function. CDH1/E-cadherin may be expressed in pituitary cells but pituitary gland development is a tissue-specific, context-dependent association rather than a defining function of E-cadherin. Likely propagated from a pituitary-expressing cadherin ortholog annotation.
Reason: Tissue-specific context not representing a core CDH1 function; CDH1 may be expressed in pituitary but pituitary gland development is not a defining E-cadherin activity; Ensembl electronic propagation. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0030517 negative regulation of axon extension
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Negative regulation of axon extension is a neural cadherin function (N-cadherin/CDH2 and type II cadherins mediate contact-inhibition of axon extension). CDH1/E-cadherin is primarily an epithelial adhesion molecule; this Ensembl IEA annotation was propagated from a neural cadherin subfamily annotation.
Reason: Neural cadherin function attributed to epithelial CDH1 by Ensembl propagation; negative regulation of axon extension is mediated by neural cadherins (CDH2 etc.), not CDH1. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0031175 neuron projection development
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Neuron projection development is a neural cadherin function. CDH1/E-cadherin is an epithelial cell adhesion molecule; neuron projection development is not a core CDH1 function. Propagated from neural cadherin annotations, analogous to the synapse assembly and axon extension IEA annotations in this batch.
Reason: Neural cadherin function attributed to epithelial CDH1 by Ensembl propagation; neuron projection development is not a core E-cadherin function. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0071503 response to heparin
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Response to heparin is not a CDH1 core function. CDH1/E-cadherin adhesion does not depend on heparin and there is no established CDH1-specific role in heparin sensing or response. This Ensembl IEA annotation likely reflects non-specific propagation from another cadherin family member or indirect experimental observation.
Reason: No established CDH1 role in heparin response; Ensembl electronic propagation from a non-CDH1 cadherin or indirect experimental observation. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0098794 postsynapse
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): The postsynapse is a neural compartment at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. CDH1/E-cadherin is not a canonical postsynaptic protein; this GO location is associated with neural cadherins (CDH2) and protocadherins. This Ensembl IEA annotation was propagated from neural cadherin annotations.
Reason: Neural synaptic CC attributed to epithelial CDH1 by Ensembl propagation; CDH1 is not a postsynaptic component; this location is specific to neural/synaptic cadherins. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0098978 glutamatergic synapse
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): The glutamatergic synapse is a specific neural compartment. CDH1/E-cadherin is not a glutamatergic synapse component; this is a neural cadherin function. Propagated from neural cadherin family annotations in the same batch as GO:0098794 postsynapse and GO:0007416 synapse assembly.
Reason: Neural synaptic CC attributed to epithelial CDH1 by Ensembl propagation; CDH1 is not a glutamatergic synapse component. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0099576 regulation of protein catabolic process at postsynapse, modulating synaptic transmission
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Regulation of protein catabolic process at the postsynapse is a highly specific neural synaptic process. CDH1/E-cadherin is not a canonical synaptic protein and does not regulate postsynaptic protein catabolism. This IEA annotation was propagated from neural cadherin annotations.
Reason: Highly specific neural synaptic process attributed to epithelial CDH1 by Ensembl propagation; CDH1 does not regulate postsynaptic protein catabolism. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0140459 response to Gram-positive bacterium
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): While CDH1/E-cadherin is the host receptor for Listeria monocytogenes (a Gram-positive bacterium) via the bacterial internalin InlA, this represents pathogen exploitation of a host cell-surface receptor, not a core CDH1 biological function. Annotating CDH1 as responding to Gram-positive bacteria conflates bacterial hijacking of a host receptor with an intrinsic CDH1 function.
Reason: Pathogen exploitation (Listeria InlA uses CDH1 as an invasion receptor) is not a core CDH1 function; annotating CDH1 as responding to Gram-positive bacteria conflates bacterial hijacking with intrinsic receptor function. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:1990782 protein tyrosine kinase binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): CDH1/E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain interactions with protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are documented — Src family kinases phosphorylate the CDH1 cytoplasmic tail and regulate E-cadherin adhesion, and receptor tyrosine kinases including EGFR/HER2 interact with CDH1. However, protein tyrosine kinase binding is a regulatory modulation of the core adhesion activity, not a core CDH1 molecular function. IEA evidence from Ensembl provides lower confidence than direct experimental evidence.
Reason: CDH1 cytoplasmic tail interacts with Src/EGFR/HER2 PTKs modulating E-cadherin function, but PTK binding is a regulatory modulation rather than a core CDH1 MF; lower-confidence Ensembl IEA. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).
GO:0005576 extracellular region
IDA
PMID:34742300
Identification of Desmoglein-2 as a novel target of Helicoba...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:34742300 (Bernegger et al. 2021): H. pylori HtrA protease cleaves E-cadherin's extracellular ectodomain, directly confirming the extracellular localization of E-cadherin's cadherin repeat domains. The ectodomain's extracellular region is core to E-cadherin's homophilic trans-adhesion mechanism.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:36309486
Desmoglein-2 is important for islet function and β-cell surv...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:36309486 (Myo Min KK et al. 2022): E-cadherin plasma membrane localization confirmed in islet/epithelial context. Plasma membrane is the canonical and core localization for functional E-cadherin mediating cell-cell adhesion.
GO:0030057 desmosome
IDA
PMID:33596089
Regulation of intestinal epithelial intercellular adhesion a...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:33596089 (Raya-Sandino et al. 2021): E-cadherin is detected at desmosomes in intestinal epithelial cells in the context of desmocollin-2 regulation of adhesion. Consistent with the direct evidence in PMID:29999492 that E-cadherin is enriched in nascent desmosomes but diminishes as desmosomes mature; E-cadherin facilitates desmosome assembly but is not a stable resident of mature desmosome structures.
Reason: E-cadherin appears at nascent desmosomal contacts as part of junction initiation (its trans-adhesion recruits desmosomal cadherins), but mature desmosomes are composed primarily of desmoglein/desmocollin — not E-cadherin. Desmosomal localization is a transient non-core CC. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from GO_REF:0000052 (UniProtKB keyword-to-GO mapping): E-cadherin transits through the Golgi apparatus during biosynthesis and post-translational N-glycosylation (critical for correct E-cadherin folding and function). Golgi localization is a real but non-core CC reflecting biosynthetic/trafficking transit.
Reason: Golgi localization is part of the E-cadherin biosynthetic pathway, not its core adhesive function site. Core CC is plasma membrane/adherens junction. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from GO_REF:0000052 (UniProtKB keyword-to-GO mapping): Plasma membrane localization is the canonical site for functional E-cadherin. E-cadherin is a type-I transmembrane protein whose extracellular cadherin domains mediate homophilic trans-adhesion at the plasma membrane — unambiguously core CC.
GO:0030054 cell junction
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from GO_REF:0000052 (UniProtKB keyword-to-GO mapping): E-cadherin is the canonical adhesion receptor at cell-cell junctions. GO:0030054 cell junction is the broad parent of GO:0005912 adherens junction; it is a valid CC annotation but the precise core localization is the adherens junction, ACCEPTed elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Broad parent CC — GO:0030054 cell junction is the direct parent of GO:0005912 adherens junction, the precise core CC for E-cadherin (ACCEPTed in this file). A real but non-core annotation: the informative term is the specific adherens junction. Action reconciled with the IEA and TAS GO:0030054 rows in this file (#348).
GO:0005768 endosome
EXP
PMID:15689490
Rab11 in recycling endosomes regulates the sorting and basol...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: EXP from PMID:15689490 (Lock and Stow 2005): Rab11-positive recycling endosomes are an intermediate compartment for post-Golgi trafficking and exocytic delivery of E-cadherin to the basolateral plasma membrane. Endosomal localization is real and functionally important for E-cadherin surface delivery, but represents trafficking transit rather than the core functional site.
Reason: E-cadherin transits through recycling endosomes during biosynthetic delivery to the basolateral membrane — a real but non-core CC. Core localization is at the plasma membrane/adherens junction. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:19403558
The role of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III and V in the...
ACCEPT
Summary: EXP from PMID:19403558 (Pinho et al. 2009): GnT-III knockdown causes membrane de-localization of E-cadherin leading to cytoplasmic accumulation, confirming that plasma membrane is the normal core localization of E-cadherin. Wild-type E-cadherin is robustly present at the plasma membrane.
GO:0098631 cell adhesion mediator activity
IDA
PMID:11976333
Galpha12 and Galpha13 negatively regulate the adhesive funct...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:11976333 (Meigs et al. 2002): Galpha12/13 negatively regulate the adhesive functions of E-cadherin. The cell-adhesion-mediator-activity annotation is directly supported — E-cadherin functions as a cell adhesion mediator, and Galpha12/13 block cadherin-mediated cell adhesion in K562 and breast cancer cells. Cell adhesion mediator activity is core MF for E-cadherin.
GO:0005765 lysosomal membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9935547
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9935547): Endocytosed, ubiquitinated CDH1/E-cadherin is sorted to lysosomes for degradation as part of junction turnover and downregulation. Lysosomal localization is real but reflects CDH1 degradative turnover rather than the site of its core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- lysosomal localization reflects CDH1 degradative turnover; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005765 lysosomal membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9935552
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9935552): Endocytosed, ubiquitinated CDH1/E-cadherin is sorted to lysosomes for degradation as part of junction turnover and downregulation. Lysosomal localization is real but reflects CDH1 degradative turnover rather than the site of its core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- lysosomal localization reflects CDH1 degradative turnover; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934752
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934752): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934753
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934753): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0031901 early endosome membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934752
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934752): CDH1/E-cadherin undergoes clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is trafficked through early endosomes during junction remodelling, recycling, and degradative sorting (e.g. following CBLL1/Hakai-mediated ubiquitination). Early endosome localization is real but reflects CDH1 trafficking/turnover rather than the site of its core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome annotation in this file.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- early endosome localization reflects CDH1 endocytic trafficking/turnover; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0031901 early endosome membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9935552
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9935552): CDH1/E-cadherin undergoes clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is trafficked through early endosomes during junction remodelling, recycling, and degradative sorting (e.g. following CBLL1/Hakai-mediated ubiquitination). Early endosome localization is real but reflects CDH1 trafficking/turnover rather than the site of its core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome annotation in this file.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- early endosome localization reflects CDH1 endocytic trafficking/turnover; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934751
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934751): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934755
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934755): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9766227
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9766227): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934584
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934584): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0031901 early endosome membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9766223
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9766223): CDH1/E-cadherin undergoes clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is trafficked through early endosomes during junction remodelling, recycling, and degradative sorting (e.g. following CBLL1/Hakai-mediated ubiquitination). Early endosome localization is real but reflects CDH1 trafficking/turnover rather than the site of its core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome annotation in this file.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- early endosome localization reflects CDH1 endocytic trafficking/turnover; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0031901 early endosome membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934584
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934584): CDH1/E-cadherin undergoes clathrin-mediated endocytosis and is trafficked through early endosomes during junction remodelling, recycling, and degradative sorting (e.g. following CBLL1/Hakai-mediated ubiquitination). Early endosome localization is real but reflects CDH1 trafficking/turnover rather than the site of its core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome annotation in this file.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- early endosome localization reflects CDH1 endocytic trafficking/turnover; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9766219
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9766219): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9816278
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816278): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9817325
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9817325): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9817330
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9817330): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934294
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934294): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934410
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934410): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934411
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934411): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934486
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934486): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9816275
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816275): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9816278
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816278): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934330
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934330): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9935209
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9935209): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005796 Golgi lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9816275
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816275): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9816273
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816273): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9816273
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816273): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9933194
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9933194): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9933380
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9933380): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9816277
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816277): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9932352
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932352): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9932913
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932913): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9932988
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932988): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9816276
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816276): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9932344
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932344): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9932162
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932162): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9932162
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932162): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0002159 desmosome assembly
IMP
PMID:29999492
E-cadherin binds to desmoglein to facilitate desmosome assem...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IMP from PMID:29999492 (Shafraz et al. 2018): E-cadherin cis-dimerization site (Leu-175) is required for efficient desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) recruitment and desmosome assembly in keratinocytes. E-cadherin facilitates desmosome assembly by initially recruiting Dsg2 via a direct Ca2+-independent heterophilic interaction, with Ecad levels in desmosomes decreasing as junctions mature.
Reason: E-cadherin's role in desmosome assembly is real but non-core — it facilitates early desmosomal junction initiation as an auxiliary function. E-cadherin's primary role is adherens junction formation and homophilic cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0030057 desmosome
IDA
PMID:29999492
E-cadherin binds to desmoglein to facilitate desmosome assem...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:29999492 (Shafraz et al. 2018): Super-resolution imaging shows E-cadherin is enriched in nascent desmosomes (1 hr after Ca2+ switch), declining 50% as desmosomes mature by 18 hr. E-cadherin transiently localizes to nascent desmosomal sites where it recruits Dsg2, but is displaced from mature desmosomes.
Reason: Desmosomal localization is transient and non-core for E-cadherin — it functions to nucleate early junction formation but is not a permanent resident of mature desmosomes (desmoglein/desmocollin are the stable components). Core CC is plasma membrane/adherens junction. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:1903829 positive regulation of protein localization
IMP
PMID:29999492
E-cadherin binds to desmoglein to facilitate desmosome assem...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IMP from PMID:29999492 (Shafraz et al. 2018): E-cadherin promotes Dsg2 localization to intercellular contacts, supporting positive regulation of protein localization. However, GO:1903829 (positive regulation of protein localization) is too general — this specific function is better captured by the co-annotated GO:0002159 (desmosome assembly) from the same paper and same experiment.
Reason: GO:1903829 is an overly broad parent term; the actual function is promotion of desmosomal cadherin (Dsg2) localization to nascent junctions, captured more specifically by GO:0002159 desmosome assembly. Per CLAUDE.md: prefer informative specific terms. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding
IPI
PMID:18593713
Smad7 stabilizes beta-catenin binding to E-cadherin complex ...
ACCEPT
Summary: IPI from PMID:18593713 (Tang et al. 2008): Smad7 stabilizes the beta-catenin-E-cadherin complex at the plasma membrane. E-cadherin physically binds beta-catenin through its cytoplasmic tail — this is the canonical CDH1-CTNNB1 armadillo repeat interaction that links E-cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton via alpha-catenin. Beta-catenin binding is core MF for E-cadherin.
GO:0044331 cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
IDA
PMID:18593713
Smad7 stabilizes beta-catenin binding to E-cadherin complex ...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:18593713 (Tang et al. 2008): Smad7 promotes cell-cell adhesion by increasing the beta-catenin-E-cadherin complex level at the plasma membrane. Cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin is the defining core BP for E-cadherin, confirmed in this study through perturbation of the cadherin complex.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22294297
Non-junctional human desmoglein 3 acts as an upstream regula...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:22294297 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:22294297
Non-junctional human desmoglein 3 acts as an upstream regula...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IDA from PMID:22294297 (Tsang et al. 2012): The paper studies how non-junctional Dsg3 regulates Src and E-cadherin junction assembly. GO:0005737 (cytoplasm) for E-cadherin is over-annotated — E-cadherin has a cytoplasmic tail engaged at the adherens junction, but annotating the entire cytoplasm as E-cadherin's CC is non-informative and too general. The more informative and specific CC is GO:0005912 (adherens junction), which is also annotated from this paper.
Reason: GO:0005737 cytoplasm is a highly non-specific CC for a transmembrane protein like E-cadherin whose cytoplasmic domain localizes to the adherens junction plaque; the adherens junction annotation from the same study captures the relevant specificity. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:22294297
Non-junctional human desmoglein 3 acts as an upstream regula...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:22294297 (Tsang et al. 2012): Non-junctional Dsg3 regulates Src and E-cadherin adherens junction formation. Adherens junction is the core CC for functional E-cadherin — E-cadherin organizes with beta-catenin, alpha-catenin, and p120-catenin at adherens junctions to mediate epithelial cell-cell adhesion.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:18343367
P120-catenin is a novel desmoglein 3 interacting partner: id...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:18343367: Adherens junction localization of E-cadherin confirmed experimentally. Core CC for E-cadherin — adherens junctions are the primary site of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion in epithelial cells.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:20859650
E-cadherin and plakoglobin recruit plakophilin3 to the cell ...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:20859650: Plasma membrane localization of E-cadherin confirmed. Core CC — E-cadherin is a type-I transmembrane protein that localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells where it mediates homophilic adhesion.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:27760340
Macrophage Epithelial Reprogramming Underlies Mycobacterial ...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:27760340: Adherens junction localization confirmed experimentally. Core CC for E-cadherin.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9768614
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9768614): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9768618
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9768618): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated, and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:11790773
Protein binding and functional characterization of plakophil...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:11790773 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:10725230
ARVCF localizes to the nucleus and adherens junction and is ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:10725230 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0034332 adherens junction organization
IMP
PMID:21724833
Identification of PTPN23 as a novel regulator of cell invasi...
ACCEPT
Summary: IMP from PMID:21724833 (Lin et al. 2011): PTPN23 knockdown increases E-cadherin internalization and impairs adherens junction integrity, identifying E-cadherin as a key regulator/component of adherens junction organization. E-cadherin is the core structural component whose proper trafficking and membrane retention is essential for adherens junction maintenance.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:31473225
Sperm Flagellar 1 Binds Actin in Intestinal Epithelial Cells...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:31473225 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression
IMP
PMID:19403558
The role of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III and V in the...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IMP from PMID:19403558 (Pinho et al. 2009): Wild-type E-cadherin regulates MGAT3 (GnT-III) gene transcription. While E-cadherin can influence downstream gene expression programs (e.g., via beta-catenin sequestration or epithelial differentiation signaling), GO:0010468 (regulation of gene expression) is far too general an annotation for this specific MGAT3-regulatory phenotype. If retained, a more specific term like 'regulation of gene transcription by E-cadherin' would be needed, but no such specific GO term exists; the general parent is non-informative.
Reason: Over-annotated: the specific CDH1 regulatory activity on MGAT3 transcription is a very narrow context-specific function, not a general gene-expression regulatory role of E-cadherin. GO:0010468 is too broad to be informative for curation. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0030336 negative regulation of cell migration
IMP
PMID:16882694
Regulation of epithelial wound closure and intercellular adh...
ACCEPT
Summary: IMP from PMID:16882694: E-cadherin mutant phenotype supports its role as negative regulator of cell migration. E-cadherin is a well-established suppressor of epithelial cell migration and invasion — loss of E-cadherin is a hallmark of EMT and tumor invasion. This is a core BP function of E-cadherin.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
EMT programs repress E‑cadherin and that such loss contributes to invasion and metastasis
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
HDA
PMID:25468996
E-cadherin interactome complexity and robustness resolved by...
ACCEPT
Summary: HDA from PMID:25468996 (Guo et al. 2014): E-cadherin interactome quantitative proteomics using proximity biotinylation (BioID). Cadherin binding is confirmed — E-cadherin mediates homophilic trans-adhesion by binding to E-cadherin on opposing cells (strand-swap dimer) and to other cadherin family members. Cadherin binding is core MF for E-cadherin.
GO:0042307 positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
IDA
PMID:16338932
E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprote...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion controls nuclear abundance of HNF4alpha in Caco-2 enterocytes, linking E-cadherin engagement to increased nuclear import of this transcription factor. This is an indirect downstream signaling consequence of E-cadherin adhesion, not a direct E-cadherin MF.
Reason: Positive regulation of protein import into nucleus is an indirect consequence of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion signaling (via HNF4alpha redistribution), not a core CDH1 function. E-cadherin's primary role is cell-cell adhesion at adherens junctions. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:28301459
Blepharocheilodontic syndrome is a CDH1 pathway-related diso...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:28301459: Plasma membrane localization of E-cadherin confirmed experimentally. Core CC.
GO:0030054 cell junction
IDA
PMID:28169360
Loss of DLG5 promotes breast cancer malignancy by inhibiting...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:28169360: Cell junction localization of E-cadherin confirmed experimentally. GO:0030054 cell junction is the broad parent of GO:0005912 adherens junction; the precise core CC is the adherens junction, ACCEPTed elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Broad parent CC — GO:0030054 cell junction is the direct parent of GO:0005912 adherens junction, the precise core CC for E-cadherin (ACCEPTed in this file). A real but non-core annotation: the informative term is the specific adherens junction. Action reconciled with the IEA and TAS GO:0030054 rows in this file (#348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8876948
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-8876948): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8876993
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-8876993): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8877003
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-8877003): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:24046456
Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junc...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:24046456 (Guillaume et al. 2013): Flotillins stabilize E-cadherin at cell-cell junctions; flotillin and E-cadherin complexes co-localize at CCJs. Adherens junction is confirmed as core CC for E-cadherin.
GO:0016600 flotillin complex
IDA
PMID:24046456
Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junc...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IDA from PMID:24046456 (Guillaume et al. 2013): E-cadherin and flotillin 1/2 are 'constitutively associated at the plasma membrane' and co-localize at cell-cell junctions. E-cadherin associates with flotillin-containing lipid raft microdomains at CCJs; flotillins are required for cadherin stabilization at CCJs.
Reason: E-cadherin is recruited to flotillin-1/-2 membrane microdomains that stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junctions (PMID:24046456), but it is not a structural subunit of the flotillin complex. The part_of GO:0016600 qualifier overstates this microdomain association as constitutive complex membership — not entirely wrong but an over-annotation. Action reconciled with the IBA GO:0016600 row in this file (#348).
GO:0030027 lamellipodium
IDA
PMID:24046456
Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junc...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IDA from PMID:24046456 (Guillaume et al. 2013): The paper describes flotillin 1/2 as new partners of the cadherin complex that stabilize E-cadherin at cell-cell junctions (CCJs). The abstract focuses exclusively on CCJ biology: flotillins co-localize with cadherins at CCJs, are required for cadherin recruitment to CCJs, and mediate cadherin association with GM1-containing plasma membrane microdomains. Lamellipodium (GO:0030027) — an actin-rich protrusion at the leading edge of migrating cells — is mechanistically and spatially distinct from a stable epithelial CCJ. The abstract makes no mention of lamellipodia.
Reason: The paper is entirely about E-cadherin stabilization at CCJs via flotillin microdomains; the abstract contains no evidence for E-cadherin in lamellipodia. CDH1 core CC is the adherens junction/plasma membrane (both ACCEPTed in this file). Lamellipodium is a migrating-cell leading-edge structure mechanistically distinct from the stable epithelial CCJ context studied in this paper. The annotation is not supported by the abstract and is inconsistent with the paper's experimental focus. MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED rather than REMOVE because full text was not accessible, but abstract evidence strongly argues against this localization.
GO:0030864 cortical actin cytoskeleton
IDA
PMID:24046456
Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junc...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:24046456 (Guillaume et al. 2013): Cadherin and flotillin complexes are associated with F-actin bundles at cell-cell junctions via flotillin microdomains. E-cadherin associates with the cortical actin cytoskeleton through catenin-actin linkages (alpha-catenin links the cadherin-catenin complex to F-actin).
Reason: Cortical actin association is mechanistically real for E-cadherin (via alpha-catenin) but represents the actin-anchoring support for adherens junctions, not a core CDH1 CC. Core CC is the adherens junction/plasma membrane. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0050839 cell adhesion molecule binding
IPI
PMID:21724833
Identification of PTPN23 as a novel regulator of cell invasi...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IPI from PMID:21724833 (Lin et al. 2011): E-cadherin identified as a direct substrate of PTPN23, implying physical interaction. GO:0050839 (cell adhesion molecule binding) is too general — E-cadherin's specific binding partners relevant to its adhesion function are more informatively captured by GO:0008013 (beta-catenin binding), GO:0045296 (cadherin binding), and GO:0045295 (gamma-catenin binding) already annotated in this file.
Reason: GO:0050839 cell adhesion molecule binding is uninformative relative to specific partner terms; PTPN23 is a phosphatase, not a canonical cell adhesion molecule. Per CLAUDE.md, prefer specific functional interaction terms over generic binding. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
HDA
PMID:23533145
In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expres...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: HDA from PMID:23533145 (Principe et al. 2013): E-cadherin identified by shotgun proteomics in exosomes from expressed prostatic secretions. E-cadherin as a type-I transmembrane surface glycoprotein can be shed in membrane vesicles/exosomes; exosomal release of E-cadherin (or its ectodomain fragments) is real but represents a minor non-core aspect of E-cadherin biology.
Reason: Extracellular exosome localization is a non-core CC reflecting passive vesicular shedding or secretion of E-cadherin/ectodomain fragments. Core localization is at the plasma membrane/adherens junction in epithelial cells. HDA evidence from large-scale proteomics. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23086448
The CD46-Jagged1 interaction is critical for human TH1 immun...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:23086448 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0072659 protein localization to plasma membrane
IMP
PMID:20859650
E-cadherin and plakoglobin recruit plakophilin3 to the cell ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IMP from PMID:20859650: Mutant phenotype supports E-cadherin's role in protein localization to plasma membrane — loss of E-cadherin or related perturbation affects surface delivery. E-cadherin localization to the plasma membrane is actively regulated by trafficking machinery (Rab11, ankyrin-G, spectrin), and E-cadherin mutant phenotype informs this process.
Reason: Protein localization to plasma membrane is a real function related to E-cadherin trafficking, but it is non-core — the core BP is cell-cell adhesion and adherens junction organization, not the localization machinery itself. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3827958
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-3827958): CDH1/E-cadherin has a large N-terminal ectodomain (EC1-EC5) that occupies the extracellular space, and proteolytic shedding (e.g. by MMP9/KLK7) releases a soluble extracellular ectodomain fragment. Consistent with the extracellular region annotation ACCEPTed on IEA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the EC1-EC5 ectodomain occupies the extracellular region and the shed soluble ectodomain is an extracellular fragment; consistent with extracellular region ACCEPT on IEA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-4224014
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-4224014): CDH1/E-cadherin has a large N-terminal ectodomain (EC1-EC5) that occupies the extracellular space, and proteolytic shedding (e.g. by MMP9/KLK7) releases a soluble extracellular ectodomain fragment. Consistent with the extracellular region annotation ACCEPTed on IEA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the EC1-EC5 ectodomain occupies the extracellular region and the shed soluble ectodomain is an extracellular fragment; consistent with extracellular region ACCEPT on IEA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3827958
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-3827958): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-4224014
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-4224014): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-2534209
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-NUL-2534209): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-202939
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-202939): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-265422
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-265422): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-419001
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-419001): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-419002
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-419002): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5672304
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-5672304): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8876497
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-8876497): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9825774
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9825774): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9926527
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9926527): The plasma membrane is the primary steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19038973
Identification of WNT/beta-CATENIN signaling pathway compone...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:19038973 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005802 trans-Golgi network
IMP
PMID:17620337
Ankyrin-G is a molecular partner of E-cadherin in epithelial...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IMP from PMID:17620337 (Kizhatil et al. 2007): Ankyrin-G and beta-2-spectrin are required for exit of E-cadherin from the trans-Golgi network in a microtubule-dependent pathway. TGN is the staging point for post-Golgi trafficking of newly synthesized E-cadherin to the lateral plasma membrane.
Reason: Trans-Golgi network localization is non-core — reflects biosynthetic trafficking transit of E-cadherin before its delivery to the lateral plasma membrane. Core CC is plasma membrane/adherens junction. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding
IDA
PMID:17620337
Ankyrin-G is a molecular partner of E-cadherin in epithelial...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:17620337 (Kizhatil et al. 2007): Ankyrin-G binds to the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin at a conserved site distinct from beta-catenin; ankyrin-G recruits beta-2-spectrin to E-cadherin-beta-catenin complexes. This study provides independent experimental confirmation that E-cadherin directly binds beta-catenin (IDA from the ankyrin study, co-IP evidence). Beta-catenin binding is core MF for E-cadherin.
GO:0016328 lateral plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:17620337
Ankyrin-G is a molecular partner of E-cadherin in epithelial...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:17620337 (Kizhatil et al. 2007): 'E-cadherin is a ubiquitous component of lateral membranes in epithelial tissues.' Ankyrin-G and beta-2-spectrin are required for accumulation of E-cadherin at the lateral membrane. Lateral plasma membrane is the core CC of E-cadherin in epithelial cells.
GO:0030506 ankyrin binding
IPI
PMID:17620337
Ankyrin-G is a molecular partner of E-cadherin in epithelial...
ACCEPT
Summary: IPI from PMID:17620337 (Kizhatil et al. 2007): Ankyrin-G (ANK3) binds to the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin at a conserved site distinct from beta-catenin; this ankyrin-G interaction is required for lateral membrane accumulation and exit from the TGN. Ankyrin binding (GO:0030506) is a specific and informative MF — distinct from generic protein binding, ankyrin links E-cadherin to the spectrin/actin cytoskeleton.
GO:0072659 protein localization to plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:17620337
Ankyrin-G is a molecular partner of E-cadherin in epithelial...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:17620337 (Kizhatil et al. 2007): Ankyrin-G and beta-2-spectrin regulate E-cadherin's localization to the lateral plasma membrane; their loss causes mistargeting. E-cadherin localization to plasma membrane is real but this BP annotation captures the trafficking/targeting aspect rather than the core adhesion function.
Reason: Protein localization to plasma membrane is a mechanistic support function for E-cadherin trafficking, not its core BP. Core BP is cell-cell adhesion and adherens junction organization. Non-core context: ankyrin/spectrin-dependent lateral membrane targeting. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0032794 GTPase activating protein binding
IPI
PMID:20116244
Armus is a Rac1 effector that inactivates Rab7 and regulates...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IPI from PMID:20116244 (Frasa et al. 2010): Armus is a TBC/RabGAP protein that integrates Arf6, Rac1, and Rab7 signaling during E-cadherin junction disassembly. E-cadherin co-immunoprecipitates with Armus (a GTPase activating protein for Rab7), suggesting physical association. E-cadherin's association with Armus/RabGAP is part of the junction disassembly/degradation pathway.
Reason: GTPase activating protein binding by E-cadherin reflects its participation in junction disassembly/endocytic degradation pathways, not a core MF. Core function is homophilic adhesion at adherens junctions. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0009898 cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:20189993
GATA3 inhibits breast cancer metastasis through the reversal...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:20189993: E-cadherin's cytoplasmic domain localizes to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane where it interacts with beta-catenin, alpha-catenin, and p120-catenin. As a type-I transmembrane protein, E-cadherin's cytoplasmic tail is definitively on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, making this a correct CC annotation.
GO:0030054 cell junction
TAS
PMID:17047063
E-cadherin regulates human Nanos1, which interacts with p120...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TAS from PMID:17047063: CDH1/E-cadherin localizes to cell junctions. GO:0030054 cell junction is a broad parent term; the precise and informative CC annotation is GO:0005912 adherens junction (ACCEPTed in this file), the specific junction type where E-cadherin resides and functions. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA cell junction annotation in this file.
Reason: Real but non-core CC -- CDH1 localizes to cell junctions but the precise junction type is the adherens junction (GO:0005912, accepted elsewhere); consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA cell junction row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).
GO:0022408 negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion
IMP
PMID:19653274
Lef-1 isoforms regulate different target genes and reduce ce...
REMOVE
Summary: IMP from PMID:19653274 (Jesse et al. 2010): This paper studies Lef-1 isoforms that inhibit E-cadherin expression, reducing cellular aggregation. The IMP annotation of GO:0022408 (negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion) to CDH1 is not supported — E-cadherin is a canonical POSITIVE mediator/regulator of cell-cell adhesion. The paper's phenotype reflects Lef-1-mediated repression of CDH1 transcription leading to reduced adhesion; E-cadherin itself does not negatively regulate cell-cell adhesion in this context.
Reason: Annotation inconsistent with CDH1 biology: E-cadherin is a positive mediator of cell-cell adhesion, not a negative regulator. The Lef-1 paper shows that reducing CDH1 expression reduces adhesion — this is the opposite of CDH1 negatively regulating cell-cell adhesion. This annotation appears to be a misinterpretation of the IMP evidence. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0030054 cell junction
IDA
PMID:19038973
Identification of WNT/beta-CATENIN signaling pathway compone...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:19038973: Cell junction localization of E-cadherin confirmed experimentally. GO:0030054 cell junction is the broad parent of GO:0005912 adherens junction; the precise core CC is the adherens junction, ACCEPTed elsewhere in this file.
Reason: Broad parent CC — GO:0030054 cell junction is the direct parent of GO:0005912 adherens junction, the precise core CC for E-cadherin (ACCEPTed in this file). A real but non-core annotation: the informative term is the specific adherens junction. Action reconciled with the IEA and TAS GO:0030054 rows in this file (#348).
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20086044
Vinculin regulates cell-surface E-cadherin expression by bin...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:20086044 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:20086044
Vinculin regulates cell-surface E-cadherin expression by bin...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:20086044: Adherens junction localization confirmed experimentally. Core CC for E-cadherin.
GO:0071681 cellular response to indole-3-methanol
IDA
PMID:10868478
Suppression of breast cancer invasion and migration by indol...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:10868478 (Meng et al. 2000): Indole-3-carbinol (I3C, a dietary phytochemical from cruciferous vegetables) causes dose-dependent upregulation of E-cadherin and catenin expression in breast cancer cells, suppressing invasion and migration. GO:0071681 (cellular response to indole-3-methanol) captures E-cadherin's transcriptional upregulation in response to this specific dietary compound.
Reason: E-cadherin expression response to indole-3-carbinol is a real but highly context-specific, non-core biological response. E-cadherin's primary function is Ca2+-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0045295 gamma-catenin binding
IPI
PMID:1639850
Plakoglobin, or an 83-kD homologue distinct from beta-cateni...
ACCEPT
Summary: IPI from PMID:1639850 (Knudsen and Wheelock 1992): Plakoglobin (gamma-catenin, JUP) co-immunoprecipitates with E-cadherin and N-cadherin. E-cadherin cytoplasmic tail interacts with plakoglobin/gamma-catenin (an 83-kD Drosophila armadillo/plakoglobin-like protein), linking E-cadherin to the cytoskeleton. Gamma-catenin binding is a core MF — plakoglobin is a functional component of the E-cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions and desmosomes.
GO:0043296 apical junction complex
IDA
PMID:10460003
Cadherin and catenin expression in normal human bronchial ep...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:10460003 (Smythe et al. 1999): E-cadherin and catenins detected at apical junction complexes in normal human bronchial epithelium by immunohistochemistry. The apical junction complex (AJC) is the composite apical unit comprising the tight junction, zonula adherens and desmosomes; E-cadherin resides specifically in the zonula adherens sub-compartment, so the annotation is accurate but broader than the precise core CC, GO:0005912 adherens junction.
Reason: Accurate but broader-than-precise CC grouping — the apical junction complex is the composite of tight junction, adherens junction and desmosomes; E-cadherin resides specifically in the zonula adherens, whose precise term GO:0005912 adherens junction is ACCEPTed as core in this file. Action reconciled with the IBA GO:0043296 row in this file (#348).
GO:0071285 cellular response to lithium ion
IDA
PMID:12937339
WNT7a induces E-cadherin in lung cancer cells.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:12937339 (Ohira et al. 2003): WNT7a induces E-cadherin expression in lung cancer cells. Lithium ion (a GSK-3β inhibitor that mimics Wnt/β-catenin signaling) is used in this study to probe WNT pathway effects on CDH1 expression. GO:0071285 (cellular response to lithium ion) captures E-cadherin's transcriptional induction in response to lithium-mediated Wnt pathway activation.
Reason: CDH1 induction by lithium ion reflects a specific pharmacological activation of WNT signaling, not a core CDH1 function. Lithium response is context-specific and non-core. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19822757
Identification of a physiological E2 module for the human an...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:19822757 — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin) terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch. Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
Reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md, replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
GO:0016342 catenin complex
IDA
PMID:18593713
Smad7 stabilizes beta-catenin binding to E-cadherin complex ...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:18593713 (Tang et al. 2008): Smad7 stabilizes the beta-catenin-E-cadherin complex at the plasma membrane. The catenin complex (GO:0016342) — comprising E-cadherin, beta-catenin, alpha-catenin, and p120-catenin — is the core protein complex mediating E-cadherin adhesion and cytoskeletal linkage. E-cadherin is the transmembrane scaffold of this complex.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:16338932
E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprote...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion via adherens junctions studied using chimeric E-cadherin-Fc homophilic surfaces and Caco-2 enterocytes. Adherens junction is the core CC for E-cadherin in intestinal epithelial cells.
GO:0007156 homophilic cell-cell adhesion
NAS
PMID:16338932
E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprote...
ACCEPT
Summary: NAS from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): Homophilic cell-cell adhesion is the foundation for the experimental design (chimeric E-cadherin-Fc surfaces, Caco-2 cell-cell contacts) and is cited as established background knowledge. Homophilic cell-cell adhesion is the definitively core BP for E-cadherin — the basis for all adherens junction-mediated tissue cohesion.
GO:0015629 actin cytoskeleton
IDA
PMID:16338932
E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprote...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): E-cadherin forms complexes with actin ('formation of E-cadherin-actin complexes inducing polarization of Caco-2 enterocytes'). E-cadherin associates with the actin cytoskeleton through alpha-catenin, which links the cadherin-catenin complex to F-actin.
Reason: Actin cytoskeleton localization is real but reflects E-cadherin's indirect connection to actin via alpha-catenin rather than a core CC of E-cadherin itself. Core CC is plasma membrane/adherens junction. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:16338932
E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprote...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): GO:0016020 (membrane) is a non-specific parent term for E-cadherin. E-cadherin is a transmembrane protein, but the relevant and informative CC annotation is plasma membrane (GO:0005886) or adherens junction (GO:0005912), both of which are also annotated from this study. The general 'membrane' term adds no biological information beyond what the specific subterm annotations already convey.
Reason: GO:0016020 membrane is over-annotated — an uninformative parent term when more specific descendant CC terms (plasma membrane, adherens junction, lateral plasma membrane) are already annotated from the same paper and evidence. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0016328 lateral plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:16338932
E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprote...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): E-cadherin complex formation studied in polarized Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells where E-cadherin localizes to the lateral plasma membrane forming adherens junctions. Lateral plasma membrane is the canonical CC for E-cadherin in polarized epithelial cells — consistent with PMID:17620337 which describes E-cadherin as 'a ubiquitous component of lateral membranes in epithelial tissues.'
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IDA
PMID:16338932
E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprote...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion promotes transcriptional activation of the apoA-IV gene via increased nuclear abundance of HNF4alpha. Positive regulation of transcription is an indirect downstream consequence of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion signaling.
Reason: Transcriptional activation of apoA-IV via HNF4alpha is an indirect downstream effect of E-cadherin signaling in intestinal enterocytes — a context-specific non-core function. E-cadherin's core function is homophilic cell-cell adhesion. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:16338932
E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprote...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): The paper demonstrates that E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion in Caco-2 enterocytes controls the nuclear abundance of HNF4alpha (hepatic nuclear factor 4alpha), thereby regulating apoA-IV gene transcription. CDH1/E-cadherin itself is a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein whose canonical localization is the plasma membrane and adherens junction. The paper's experimental finding is about E-cadherin downstream signaling controlling nuclear translocation of HNF4alpha — not about E-cadherin itself localizing to the perinuclear region of cytoplasm. The abstract provides no evidence for E-cadherin perinuclear localization.
Reason: The perinuclear region annotation appears to misattribute the paper's finding about E-cadherin-mediated HNF4alpha nuclear redistribution to a perinuclear localization of E-cadherin itself. HNF4alpha (not CDH1) is the nuclear/perinuclear-region component in this paper. Full-length CDH1 is a plasma-membrane protein; while CTF2/CTF3 cleavage products can translocate to the nucleus in some contexts, this paper does not describe E-cadherin perinuclear localization. MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED: the annotation over-extends the paper's findings about downstream signaling to an unsupported subcellular localization of E-cadherin.
GO:0050839 cell adhesion molecule binding
NAS
PMID:16338932
E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprote...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: NAS from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): Cell adhesion molecule binding as NAS (Not Ascribed to Source) from a background knowledge statement about E-cadherin adhesion. GO:0050839 (cell adhesion molecule binding) is non-informative for E-cadherin — its specific binding partners (other E-cadherins in trans, beta-catenin, gamma-catenin, ankyrin) are better captured by dedicated terms (GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045295 gamma-catenin binding, GO:0030506 ankyrin binding) already annotated in this file.
Reason: GO:0050839 is over-annotated: uninformative parent term when more specific molecular function binding terms for E-cadherin's known partners are separately annotated. Per CLAUDE.md, prefer informative specific terms. Batch 5 of #348.
GO:0098609 cell-cell adhesion
IDA
PMID:16338932
E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprote...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): Cell-cell adhesion confirmed directly — E-cadherin mediates Caco-2 enterocyte cell-cell adhesion; impairing or enhancing E-cadherin-dependent adhesion modulates apoA-IV transcription. Cell-cell adhesion (GO:0098609) is core BP for E-cadherin.
GO:0007156 homophilic cell-cell adhesion
NAS
PMID:8033105
E-cadherin gene mutations provide clues to diffuse type gast...
ACCEPT
Summary: NAS from PMID:8033105: Homophilic cell-cell adhesion is the foundational and defining function of E-cadherin — a classical cadherin mediating Ca2+-dependent homophilic trans-adhesion between cells via strand-swap dimerization of the EC1 domain. This is the core BP and mechanism for E-cadherin's role in epithelial tissue integrity and morphogenesis.

Core Functions

E-cadherin engages in calcium-dependent homophilic trans-interaction with E-cadherin molecules on adjacent epithelial cells through its five extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats. This homophilic binding is the molecular basis of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and the nucleation of adherens junctions.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:human/CDH1/CDH1-uniprot.txt
    They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells
  • file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-manual.md
    EC1 domains of each protomer closely interact and symmetrically exchange their N-terminal β-strands, which contain a conserved tryptophan residue, Trp2; trans interactions are sufficient to mediate aggregation, while cis interactions are further required for assembly of junctions
  • file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
    **homophilic trans-binding** is driven primarily by the **EC1 domain** and proceeds through an **X-dimer intermediate** followed by formation of a stable **strand-swapped dimer**, in which a **tryptophan side chain from one EC1 inserts into a hydrophobic pocket** of the opposing EC1

The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin binds beta-catenin (and gamma-catenin/plakoglobin), forming the cadherin-catenin complex. This complex couples E-cadherin to the cortical actin cytoskeleton via alpha-catenin, mechanically linking cell-cell adhesion to the cytoskeleton and stabilizing adherens junctions.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:human/CDH1/CDH1-uniprot.txt
    beta-catenin/CTNNB1 or gamma-catenin/JUP
  • file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
    Experimental/biophysical synthesis emphasizes anchoring through **β‑catenin and α‑catenin**, enabling transmission of actomyosin forces across junctions

The juxtamembrane domain of E-cadherin's cytoplasmic tail binds p120-catenin (CTNND1/delta-catenin) at a site distinct from the C-terminal beta-catenin-binding domain. p120-catenin binding masks a dileucine endocytic motif and stabilizes E-cadherin at the plasma membrane, thereby controlling cadherin surface levels, turnover, and adhesion strength.

Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:15240885
    The binding of p120 ctn to the juxtamembrane region of E-cadherin has been shown to mediate stronger cell-cell adhesion and to support resistance to detachment of cells
  • file:human/CDH1/CDH1-uniprot.txt
    Interacts with CTNND1
  • file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-manual.md
    the juxtamembrane domain binds CTNND1

Calcium ions bind at the linker regions between E-cadherin's extracellular cadherin repeats, rigidifying the ectodomain into the conformation required for homophilic trans-adhesion; cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is strictly calcium-dependent.

Molecular Function:
calcium ion binding
Directly Involved In:
Cellular Locations:
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:human/CDH1/CDH1-uniprot.txt
    Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins
  • file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
    extracellular portion contains **five cadherin repeats (EC1–EC5)** with **calcium-binding sites**

References

Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Cadherin and catenin expression in normal human bronchial epithelium and non-small cell lung cancer.
ARVCF localizes to the nucleus and adherens junction and is mutually exclusive with p120(ctn) in E-cadherin complexes.
Suppression of breast cancer invasion and migration by indole-3-carbinol: associated with up-regulation of BRCA1 and E-cadherin/catenin complexes.
FGF-1 and FGF-2 modulate the E-cadherin/catenin system in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines.
Protein binding and functional characterization of plakophilin 2. Evidence for its diverse roles in desmosomes and beta -catenin signaling.
Galpha12 and Galpha13 negatively regulate the adhesive functions of cadherin.
Structure of internalin, a major invasion protein of Listeria monocytogenes, in complex with its human receptor E-cadherin.
WNT7a induces E-cadherin in lung cancer cells.
A role for Galpha12/Galpha13 in p120ctn regulation.
Rab11 in recycling endosomes regulates the sorting and basolateral transport of E-cadherin.
E-cadherin phosphorylation by protein kinase D1/protein kinase C{mu} is associated with altered cellular aggregation and motility in prostate cancer.
Biosensor-based micro-affinity purification for the proteomic analysis of protein complexes.
E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprotein A-IV gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells: a role for the hepatic nuclear factor 4.
Plakoglobin, or an 83-kD homologue distinct from beta-catenin, interacts with E-cadherin and N-cadherin.
Regulation of epithelial wound closure and intercellular adhesion by interaction of AF6 with actin cytoskeleton.
The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene product represses oncogenic beta-catenin signaling in renal carcinoma cells.
E-cadherin regulates human Nanos1, which interacts with p120ctn and induces tumor cell migration and invasion.
Proteomics analysis of the interactome of N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 and its interactions with the androgen response program in prostate cancer cells.
Helicobacter pylori CagA interacts with E-cadherin and deregulates the beta-catenin signal that promotes intestinal transdifferentiation in gastric epithelial cells.
A limited screen for protein interactions reveals new roles for protein phosphatase 1 in cell cycle control and apoptosis.
Ankyrin-G is a molecular partner of E-cadherin in epithelial cells and early embryos.
Thermodynamically reengineering the listerial invasion complex InlA/E-cadherin.
EPLIN mediates linkage of the cadherin catenin complex to F-actin and stabilizes the circumferential actin belt.
P120-catenin is a novel desmoglein 3 interacting partner: identification of the p120-catenin association site of desmoglein 3.
Smad7 stabilizes beta-catenin binding to E-cadherin complex and promotes cell-cell adhesion.
Molecular basis of actin reorganization promoted by binding of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli EspB to alpha-catenin.
Identification of WNT/beta-CATENIN signaling pathway components in human cumulus cells.
Resolving cadherin interactions and binding cooperativity at the single-molecule level.
The role of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III and V in the post-transcriptional modifications of E-cadherin.
CagA associates with c-Met, E-cadherin, and p120-catenin in a multiproteic complex that suppresses Helicobacter pylori-induced cell-invasive phenotype.
Characterizing the initial encounter complex in cadherin adhesion.
Lef-1 isoforms regulate different target genes and reduce cellular adhesion.
The Tensin-3 protein, including its SH2 domain, is phosphorylated by Src and contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Identification of a physiological E2 module for the human anaphase-promoting complex.
Vinculin regulates cell-surface E-cadherin expression by binding to beta-catenin.
Armus is a Rac1 effector that inactivates Rab7 and regulates E-cadherin degradation.
GATA3 inhibits breast cancer metastasis through the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Hypoxia and cell cycle regulation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor.
E-cadherin and plakoglobin recruit plakophilin3 to the cell border to initiate desmosome assembly.
Pharmacologic inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex induces a spindle checkpoint-dependent mitotic arrest in the absence of spindle damage.
The extracellular architecture of adherens junctions revealed by crystal structures of type I cadherins.
Rack1 promotes epithelial cell-cell adhesion by regulating E-cadherin endocytosis.
Identification of PTPN23 as a novel regulator of cell invasion in mammary epithelial cells from a loss-of-function screen of the 'PTP-ome'.
Nuclear PKM2 regulates β-catenin transactivation upon EGFR activation.
Tumor suppressor Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) associates with the cadherin/catenin adherens junction and impairs NPC progression-associated properties.
Structure of a novel phosphotyrosine-binding domain in Hakai that targets E-cadherin.
Non-junctional human desmoglein 3 acts as an upstream regulator of Src in E-cadherin adhesion, a pathway possibly involved in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris.
Centralspindlin and α-catenin regulate Rho signalling at the epithelial zonula adherens.
The CD46-Jagged1 interaction is critical for human TH1 immunity.
Ideal, catch, and slip bonds in cadherin adhesion.
In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic secretions in urine.
Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junctions.
Perturbation of the mutated EGFR interactome identifies vulnerabilities and resistance mechanisms.
Rescue of wild-type E-cadherin expression from nonsense-mutated cancer cells by a suppressor-tRNA.
The mammalian-membrane two-hybrid assay (MaMTH) for probing membrane-protein interactions in human cells.
Intestinal brush border assembly driven by protocadherin-based intermicrovillar adhesion.
Using an in situ proximity ligation assay to systematically profile endogenous protein-protein interactions in a pathway network.
ASPP2 controls epithelial plasticity and inhibits metastasis through β-catenin-dependent regulation of ZEB1.
E-cadherin interactome complexity and robustness resolved by quantitative proteomics.
Macrophage Epithelial Reprogramming Underlies Mycobacterial Granuloma Formation and Promotes Infection.
Loss of DLG5 promotes breast cancer malignancy by inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway.
Blepharocheilodontic syndrome is a CDH1 pathway-related disorder due to mutations in CDH1 and CTNND1.
E-cadherin binds to desmoglein to facilitate desmosome assembly.
Sperm Flagellar 1 Binds Actin in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Contributes to Formation of Filopodia and Lamellipodia.
Extensive rewiring of the EGFR network in colorectal cancer cells expressing transforming levels of KRAS(G13D).
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative Disease Proteins and Uncovers Widespread Protein Aggregation in Affected Brains.
Regulation of intestinal epithelial intercellular adhesion and barrier function by desmosomal cadherin desmocollin-2.
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome.
A protein interaction landscape of breast cancer.
Identification of Desmoglein-2 as a novel target of Helicobacter pylori HtrA in epithelial cells.
OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization.
A physical wiring diagram for the human immune system.
Desmoglein-2 is important for islet function and β-cell survival.
E-cadherin gene mutations provide clues to diffuse type gastric carcinomas.
Reactome:R-HSA-202939
Caspase-mediated cleavage of E-Cadherin
Reactome:R-HSA-265422
Interaction of integrin alphaEbeta7 with Cadherin-1
Reactome:R-HSA-3827958
E-cadherin degradation by MMP9, KLK7
Reactome:R-HSA-419001
Connection of adjacent cells through calcium-dependent trans-dimerization of cadherin
Reactome:R-HSA-419002
Interaction of cadherin with Beta/gamma catenin, alpha catenin and p120 catenin
Reactome:R-HSA-4224014
E-cadherin degradation by ADAM10, ADAM15
Reactome:R-HSA-5672304
IQGAP1 binds CDH1:CTTNB1:CTTNA1 and MEN1
Reactome:R-HSA-8876497
InlA binds CDH1
Reactome:R-HSA-8876948
SRC phosphorylates InlA-bound CDH1 and CTNNB1
Reactome:R-HSA-8876993
CBLL1 binds SRC-phosphorylated CDH1 complex
Reactome:R-HSA-8877003
CBLL1 ubiqutinates the InlA-bound CDH1 complex
Reactome:R-HSA-9766219
MDM2 binds CDH1
Reactome:R-HSA-9766223
Proteasome-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated CDH1
Reactome:R-HSA-9766227
MDM2 mediates CDH1 ubiquitination
Reactome:R-HSA-9768614
miR-9 inhibits CDH1 mRNA translation
Reactome:R-HSA-9768618
miR-10b inhibits CDH1 mRNA translation
Reactome:R-HSA-9816273
CDH1 translocates from ER to Golgi
Reactome:R-HSA-9816275
CDH1 is proteolytically cleaved in Golgi
Reactome:R-HSA-9816276
CDH1 is N-glycosylated on asparagine residues in endoplasmic reticulum
Reactome:R-HSA-9816277
CDH1 is O-manosylated
Reactome:R-HSA-9816278
CDH1 translocates to the plasma membrane
Reactome:R-HSA-9817325
CDH1 associates with CTNND1
Reactome:R-HSA-9817330
CDH1:CTNNB1 complex binds CTNNA1
Reactome:R-HSA-9825774
SNAI2 and TBX3 repress CDH1 gene expression during melanocyte development
Reactome:R-HSA-9926527
MITF-M-dependent CDH1 gene expression
Reactome:R-HSA-9932162
Removal of CDH1 signal peptide
Reactome:R-HSA-9932344
MOGS removes terminal glucose from Glu3Man9GlcNAc2-CDH1
Reactome:R-HSA-9932352
Glucosidase II removes glucose residue from Glu2Man9GlucNAc2-CDH1
Reactome:R-HSA-9932913
Glucosidase II removes glucose residue from Glu1Man9GlucNAc2-CDH1
Reactome:R-HSA-9932988
CANX binds Glu1Man9GlcNAc2-CDH1
Reactome:R-HSA-9933194
CTNNB1, JUP bind CDH1
Reactome:R-HSA-9933380
Cytosolic tail of CDH1 is phosphorylated
Reactome:R-HSA-9934294
CDH1-associated CTNNA1 binds VCL
Reactome:R-HSA-9934330
CDH1:CTNNB1,JUP complex binds to ANK3
Reactome:R-HSA-9934410
CDH1 forms homotypic trans-dimers
Reactome:R-HSA-9934411
CDH1 forms cis-clusters
Reactome:R-HSA-9934486
CDH1-associated CTNNA1 binds F-actin
Reactome:R-HSA-9934584
The complex of MDM2 and CDH1 translocates to early endosomes
Reactome:R-HSA-9934751
CDH1 is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues
Reactome:R-HSA-9934752
Ubiquitinated CDH1 is endocytosed
Reactome:R-HSA-9934753
CBLL1 ubiquitinates CDH1
Reactome:R-HSA-9934755
CBLL1 binds p-Y-CDH1
Reactome:R-HSA-9935209
CDH1 binds to PIP5K1C
Reactome:R-HSA-9935547
Lysosomal degradation of ubiquitinated CDH1
Reactome:R-HSA-9935552
Ubiquitinated CDH1 translocates to lysosomes for degradation
Reactome:R-NUL-2534209
E-cadherin strand dimer degradation by PS1
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-uniprot.txt
UniProt record for human CDH1 (P12830)
  • Cadherins, including E-cadherin/CDH1, are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins.
    "Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins"
  • E-cadherin mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion by preferentially interacting with itself.
    "They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells"
  • E-cadherin is a component of an E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complex containing beta-catenin or gamma-catenin, located at adherens junctions.
    "beta-catenin/CTNNB1 or gamma-catenin/JUP"
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-manual.md
Manual deep research summary for human CDH1 (E-cadherin)
  • E-cadherin mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-adhesion via strand-swap dimerization between EC1 domains on apposing cells; trans interactions are sufficient for aggregation while cis interactions are additionally required for junction assembly.
    "EC1 domains of each protomer closely interact and symmetrically exchange their N-terminal β-strands, which contain a conserved tryptophan residue, Trp2; trans interactions are sufficient to mediate aggregation, while cis interactions are further required for assembly of junctions"
  • The cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin nucleates the cadherin-catenin complex by binding beta-catenin/plakoglobin and p120-catenin, coupling homophilic adhesion to the cortical actin cytoskeleton via alpha-catenin and adaptor proteins.
    "Component of an E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complex; the juxtamembrane domain binds CTNND1 (p120-catenin); alpha-catenin links the complex to F-actin via adaptor proteins including EPLIN and AF6/afadin"
file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
Falcon deep research report on CDH1
  • E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule that organizes epithelial tissue architecture via homophilic adhesion, supporting epithelial integrity and polarity.
    "E‑cadherin is a **calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion molecule** that organizes epithelial tissue architecture by mediating **homophilic adhesion** and supporting epithelial integrity and polarity"
  • The E-cadherin ectodomain is composed of five extracellular cadherin repeats (EC1-EC5) containing calcium-binding sites that rigidify the ectodomain for adhesion.
    "extracellular portion contains **five cadherin repeats (EC1–EC5)** with **calcium-binding sites**"
  • Homophilic adhesion proceeds through an EC1-mediated X-dimer intermediate to a stable strand-swapped dimer in which a tryptophan from one EC1 inserts into the hydrophobic pocket of the opposing EC1.
    "**homophilic trans-binding** is driven primarily by the **EC1 domain** and proceeds through an **X-dimer intermediate** followed by formation of a stable **strand-swapped dimer**, in which a **tryptophan side chain from one EC1 inserts into a hydrophobic pocket** of the opposing EC1"
  • In epithelia, E-cadherin is enriched at the plasma membrane and concentrates at adherens junctions, where it maintains epithelial sheet cohesion and tissue architecture.
    "In epithelia, E‑cadherin is enriched at the **plasma membrane** and concentrates at **adherens junctions** where it contributes to epithelial sheet cohesion and tissue architecture"
  • The E-cadherin cytoplasmic tail is anchored to the actin cytoskeleton through beta-catenin and alpha-catenin, enabling transmission of actomyosin forces across junctions.
    "Experimental/biophysical synthesis emphasizes anchoring through **β‑catenin and α‑catenin**, enabling transmission of actomyosin forces across junctions"
  • E-cadherin also interacts with p120-catenin, and changes in E-cadherin availability can alter beta-catenin and p120-catenin signaling states.
    "Broader mechanistic synthesis also highlights interaction with **p120‑catenin**, and how changes in E‑cadherin availability can alter β‑catenin and p120‑catenin signaling states"
  • Adherens junctions formed by E-cadherin act as a mechanosensitive scaffold, transmitting actomyosin-generated pulling forces via beta-catenin/alpha-catenin anchorage rather than functioning as static "glue".
    "E‑cadherin-based adhesions transmit **actomyosin-generated pulling forces** through β‑catenin/α‑catenin anchorage, and junction stability can be limited by cytoskeletal anchorage rather than cadherin–cadherin binding strength"
  • Loss or downregulation of E-cadherin can release beta-catenin to permit nuclear translocation and Wnt pathway activation, and can alter RhoA/Rac1 signaling via redistribution of p120-catenin.
    "a synthesis of cancer-related mechanisms describes that E‑cadherin loss can permit **β‑catenin nuclear translocation** with **Wnt pathway activation** (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 7-8). The same synthesis notes that redistribution of **p120‑catenin** can influence **RhoA/Rac1** signaling"
  • EMT programs repress E-cadherin, and this loss contributes to invasion and metastasis; E-cadherin downregulation is a hallmark of EMT and cancer cell motility changes.
    "EMT programs repress E‑cadherin and that such loss contributes to invasion and metastasis"
  • Germline CDH1 pathogenic variants are a primary cause of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), with clinical management historically including prophylactic total gastrectomy.
    "Germline **CDH1 pathogenic variants** are a primary cause of **HDGC**, and clinical management has historically included **prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG)**"
  • E-cadherin loss is necessary but not sufficient for invasive progression; invasion in HDGC models emerges from the interplay between defective cell-cell junctions, ECM attachment, and 3D tissue architecture.
    "invasion in HDGC models emerges from interplay between **defective cell-cell junctions**, **ECM attachment**, and **3D tissue architecture**, rather than from loss of adhesion alone"
  • E-cadherin can undergo proteolytic cleavage/shedding, generating soluble E-cadherin fragments; cleavage releases junctional restraint and can free beta-catenin.
    "E-cadherin can undergo **proteolytic cleavage/shedding**, generating **soluble E-cadherin fragments**; cleavage releases junctional restraint and can free β-catenin"
E-cadherin and APC compete for the interaction with beta-catenin and the cytoskeleton.
Uvomorulin-catenin complex formation is regulated by a specific domain in the cytoplasmic region of the cell adhesion molecule.
Transformation of cell adhesion properties by exogenously introduced E-cadherin cDNA.
Two-step adhesive binding by classical cadherins.
E-cadherin supports steady-state Rho signaling at the epithelial zonula adherens.

Deep Research

Falcon

(CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md)
Comprehensive Research Report: Human **CDH1** (UniProt **P12830**) — Functional Annotation of **E‑cadherin** Falcon Edison Scientific Literature 16 citations 1 artifacts 2026-05-29T23:25:05.601299

The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.

You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.

We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.

We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.

We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.

Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.

Comprehensive Research Report: Human CDH1 (UniProt P12830) — Functional Annotation of E‑cadherin

1. Target verification (gene/protein identity)

The requested target (UniProt P12830) corresponds to human E‑cadherin, encoded by CDH1 on chromosome 16q22.1, a canonical epithelial classical cadherin and core component of adherens junctions (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19, samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 1-2). The structure described in recent mechanistic work (single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein with five extracellular cadherin domains) is consistent with a classical cadherin family protein and matches the UniProt-provided cadherin domain context (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19).

2. Key concepts, definitions, and current understanding (core function)

2.1 What CDH1/E‑cadherin is

E‑cadherin is a calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion molecule that organizes epithelial tissue architecture by mediating homophilic adhesion and supporting epithelial integrity and polarity (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19, samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 2-3).

2.2 Domain architecture and molecular mechanism of adhesion

Recent mechanistic description emphasizes that E‑cadherin is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein with extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular regions, and that its extracellular portion contains five cadherin repeats (EC1–EC5) with calcium-binding sites (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19).

At the molecular level, homophilic trans-binding is driven primarily by the EC1 domain and proceeds through an X-dimer intermediate followed by formation of a stable strand-swapped dimer, in which a tryptophan side chain from one EC1 inserts into a hydrophobic pocket of the opposing EC1 (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19). This “strand swapping” mechanism is a central concept in current structural understanding of type I classical cadherin adhesion (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19).

2.3 Subcellular localization and adherens junction organization

In epithelia, E‑cadherin is enriched at the plasma membrane and concentrates at adherens junctions where it contributes to epithelial sheet cohesion and tissue architecture (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19, melo2023theecmand pages 9-10).

2.4 Binding partners: the cadherin–catenin complex

A defining functional property of E‑cadherin is that its cytoplasmic region couples adhesive contacts to the actin cytoskeleton via catenins. Experimental/biophysical synthesis emphasizes anchoring through β‑catenin and α‑catenin, enabling transmission of actomyosin forces across junctions (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29). Broader mechanistic synthesis also highlights interaction with p120‑catenin, and how changes in E‑cadherin availability can alter β‑catenin and p120‑catenin signaling states (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 7-8).

3. Pathways and signaling context (functional consequences beyond adhesion)

3.1 Mechanotransduction at cell–cell junctions

Beyond static adhesion, E‑cadherin junctions are described as part of a mechanosensitive scaffold: E‑cadherin-based adhesions transmit actomyosin-generated pulling forces through β‑catenin/α‑catenin anchorage, and junction stability can be limited by cytoskeletal anchorage rather than cadherin–cadherin binding strength (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29). This supports a current view of adherens junctions as force-bearing and force-sensing structures, not merely “glue” (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29).

3.2 Crosstalk with Wnt/β‑catenin and Rho-family GTPases

Loss or cleavage/downregulation of E‑cadherin can release constraints on β‑catenin signaling; a synthesis of cancer-related mechanisms describes that E‑cadherin loss can permit β‑catenin nuclear translocation with Wnt pathway activation (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 7-8). The same synthesis notes that redistribution of p120‑catenin can influence RhoA/Rac1 signaling with downstream cytoskeletal and mechanical consequences (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 7-8).

3.3 EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition)

Reduction of E‑cadherin is repeatedly emphasized as central to EMT-associated loss of epithelial cohesion and increased migratory/invasive behavior. A mechanistic synthesis reports that EMT programs repress E‑cadherin and that such loss contributes to invasion and metastasis (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 7-8, samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 3-4). A 2024 mechanistic work likewise frames E‑cadherin downregulation as a hallmark of EMT and cancer cell motility changes (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29).

4. Recent developments and latest research (prioritizing 2023–2024)

4.1 2023: Tissue architecture/ECM context shapes invasion caused by E‑cadherin dysfunction

A 2023 peer-reviewed study combined in vitro extrusion assays using HDGC-associated E‑cadherin mutants with mathematical/computational modeling and concluded that early invasion is not only driven by weakened cell–cell adhesion but is also strongly determined by ECM attachment and 3D tissue architecture (e.g., gland-like cylindrical geometry), which can increase basal extrusion/invasive ability (Melo et al., 2023-11; https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05482-x) (melo2023theecmand pages 9-10). This line of work represents a shift from viewing CDH1 loss as sufficient for invasion to a multi-factor framework integrating tissue mechanics and geometry (melo2023theecmand pages 9-10).

4.2 2024: Real-time / minimal-system analyses of junction formation emphasize biophysical control

A 2024 mechanistic analysis using a minimal reconstituted framework (as described in the retrieved text) emphasizes the detailed adhesion mechanism (EC1 X-dimer → strand-swap), actin coupling via catenins, and junction expansion constraints due to lateral membrane pressure/crowding effects, reinforcing a view of E‑cadherin junctions as an emergent physical system supporting mechanotransduction (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19, ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29). While the venue metadata in the retrieved text is incomplete, the mechanistic content is consistent with modern junction biophysics and complements the 2023 ECM/architecture invasion emphasis (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19, ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29).

4.3 2024: Clinical genetics—re-estimation of penetrance and management shift toward selective surveillance

A 2024 narrative review in Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice synthesizes newer penetrance estimates and explicitly argues that the risk of advanced diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) in CDH1 pathogenic variant carriers is lower than historically estimated, motivating increased consideration of endoscopic surveillance for selected carriers (van der Sluis et al., 2024-10; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13053-024-00293-5) (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4, sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 1-2).

5. Current applications and real-world implementations

5.1 Genetic testing and risk-reduction decisions in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC)

Germline CDH1 pathogenic variants are a primary cause of HDGC, and clinical management has historically included prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) due to poor detectability and prognosis of invasive DGC (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 6-7, sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 1-2).

However, 2024 synthesis highlights a contemporary management challenge: ~30% (around one third) of CDH1 variant carriers decline PTG, often due to major quality-of-life sequelae (e.g., postoperative complications and chronic symptoms) (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4, sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 1-2). The same review lists common long-term PTG impacts, including substantial mean weight loss (~15–23%) and gastrointestinal/psychosocial effects, which are central to shared decision-making (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4).

5.2 Endoscopic surveillance protocols (implementation details)

For carriers who defer PTG, expert-center surveillance is recommended; IGCLC-style protocols include targeted biopsies plus ~28–30 random biopsies (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4). A key implementation issue is sensitivity: detection of early pT1a signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) by endoscopy is variable (~20–60% reported in the 2024 synthesis), and modeling suggests random biopsy counts needed for high sensitivity may be impractical (e.g., ~1800 biopsies estimated for 90% detection), supporting an emphasis on targeted lesions and improved recognition frameworks (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4).

The 2024 review further reports that, in some analyses, targeted biopsies have substantially higher yield than random biopsies (11% vs 0.9%), reinforcing movement toward targeted sampling plus structured histologic/endoscopic interpretation rather than attempting exhaustive random sampling (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4).

5.3 CDH1/E‑cadherin in oncology practice (biomarker/pathology context)

E‑cadherin loss is widely used in tumor pathology contexts as a marker of altered epithelial differentiation/adhesion and is mechanistically linked to invasive phenotypes (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29, samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 3-4). OpenTargets disease–target associations further reflect extensive disease relevance of CDH1 in cancers (e.g., breast adenocarcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, ovarian cancer) and in “CDH1-related diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancer syndrome” as a disease entity (OpenTargets; accessed via tool output) (OpenTargets Search: -CDH1).

6. Expert synthesis and analysis (authoritative interpretations)

6.1 E‑cadherin loss is necessary but not sufficient for invasive progression

The 2023 Communications Biology work provides explicit evidence that invasion in HDGC models emerges from interplay between defective cell–cell junctions, ECM attachment, and 3D tissue architecture, rather than from loss of adhesion alone (melo2023theecmand pages 9-10). Functionally, this reframes CDH1 as a gatekeeper whose loss creates vulnerability to invasion that is realized under permissive tissue/ECM contexts (melo2023theecmand pages 9-10).

6.2 Clinical penetrance is heterogeneous; management is moving toward risk stratification

The 2024 HDGC management review synthesizes multiple penetrance estimates, describing a shift from historical ~80% lifetime DGC risk to more recent cohort-derived estimates such as 37–42% (men) and 22–33% (women) in some US cohorts, and even 7–10% irrespective of family history in a more recent study; it also notes that risk can be higher (e.g., ~38%) in high-penetrance families (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4). The same review highlights that microscopic SRCC foci are common in PTG specimens, yet many individuals may never develop advanced disease, supporting a move away from uniform PTG recommendations toward more individualized approaches (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 4-5, sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 1-2).

7. Key statistics and data (recent, practice-relevant)

7.1 Penetrance / risk (2024 synthesis)

From the 2024 Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice review (publication: 2024-10; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13053-024-00293-5):
- Advanced DGC lifetime risk estimates have been revised downward and vary by cohort: 37–42% (men) and 22–33% (women) in some datasets; a recent study reported 7–10% irrespective of family history; risk may be ~38% in high-penetrance families (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4).
- Lifetime lobular breast cancer risk in women: 37–55% (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4, sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 1-2).
- PTG refusal/decline: ~30% (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4, sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 1-2).
- Endoscopic SRCC detection variability: ~20–60% in PTG/HDGC surveillance contexts (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4).
- Targeted vs random biopsy yield: 11% vs 0.9% (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4).

7.2 Mechanistic structure/function (2024 mechanistic description)

Key mechanistic facts for functional annotation include: 5 extracellular cadherin repeats (EC1–EC5), EC1-driven homophilic strand-swap dimerization, and intracellular coupling to actin via catenins (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19, ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29).

8. Summary of functional annotation (concise)

CDH1 (UniProt P12830) encodes E‑cadherin, the canonical epithelial classical cadherin that mediates calcium-dependent homophilic cell–cell adhesion at adherens junctions and couples intercellular contacts to the actin cytoskeleton through catenins, enabling epithelial cohesion and mechanotransduction (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19, ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29). Loss or functional impairment of E‑cadherin contributes to EMT-associated invasion and alters signaling (including Wnt/β‑catenin and Rho-family GTPase pathways), and germline CDH1 pathogenic variants underlie HDGC, where contemporary (2024) literature supports more individualized management balancing PTG morbidity against surveillance strategies given revised (often lower) estimates of advanced cancer risk (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 7-8, sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4).


Evidence summary table

Category Evidence-backed summary
Identity/aliases Human CDH1 encodes E-cadherin, a ~120 kDa calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein also known as epithelial cadherin; this matches the canonical epithelial adherens-junction cadherin described for CDH1 at chromosome 16q22.1 (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19, samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 1-2).
Structure/domains E-cadherin is a single-pass transmembrane protein with extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular regions; the ectodomain contains five cadherin repeats (EC1-EC5) with calcium-binding sites, consistent with cadherin-family domain architecture (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19).
Adhesion mechanism Adhesion is mediated by homophilic trans-interactions between EC1 domains, proceeding through an X-dimer intermediate to a stable strand-swapped dimer in which a tryptophan side chain inserts into the partner EC1 hydrophobic pocket; calcium stabilizes the ectodomain for adhesion (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19).
Localization E-cadherin localizes mainly at the plasma membrane of epithelial cells, concentrated at adherens junctions, where it maintains epithelial sheet cohesion, polarity, and barrier/tissue architecture (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19, melo2023theecmand pages 9-10).
Key binding partners Its cytoplasmic tail links to the actin cytoskeleton through catenins, especially β-catenin, α-catenin, and p120-catenin; this coupling is central to junction stability and force transmission (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19, ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29).
Signaling/pathways Beyond adhesion, CDH1/E-cadherin participates in mechanotransduction and constrains oncogenic signaling; loss of E-cadherin can permit β-catenin nuclear translocation/Wnt signaling, alter RhoA/Rac1 activity via p120-catenin, and is tightly linked to EMT and tumor progression (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 7-8, ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29).
Proteolytic processing/soluble fragments E-cadherin can undergo proteolytic cleavage/shedding, generating soluble E-cadherin fragments; cleavage releases junctional restraint and can free β-catenin, with reported detection of soluble E-cadherin in cancer-associated biofluids such as urine (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29).
Disease relevance/clinical Germline CDH1 pathogenic variants cause hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) and increase risk of lobular breast cancer. Recent reviews report lower modern estimates for advanced diffuse gastric cancer risk (~13-19%) than historic estimates, while ~30% to one third of carriers decline prophylactic total gastrectomy because of major long-term consequences, motivating expert-center endoscopic surveillance in selected patients (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4, sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 1-2).

Table: This table summarizes core functional-annotation facts for human CDH1/E-cadherin (UniProt P12830), including structure, mechanism, localization, partners, pathways, and clinical relevance. It is useful as a compact, evidence-backed reference for the final research report.

References

  1. (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19): S Ghosh. Real-time analysis of e-cadherin mediated junction formation in cancer cells using a minimal reconstituted system. Unknown journal, 2024.

  2. (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 1-2): Malik Samardali, Jehad Samardaly, and Ibrahim Shanti. A comprehensive literature review of the cdh1 mutation and its role in gastric cancer. Cureus, May 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.85072, doi:10.7759/cureus.85072. This article has 2 citations.

  3. (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 2-3): Malik Samardali, Jehad Samardaly, and Ibrahim Shanti. A comprehensive literature review of the cdh1 mutation and its role in gastric cancer. Cureus, May 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.85072, doi:10.7759/cureus.85072. This article has 2 citations.

  4. (melo2023theecmand pages 9-10): Soraia Melo, Pilar Guerrero, Maurício Moreira Soares, José Rafael Bordin, Fátima Carneiro, Patrícia Carneiro, Maria Beatriz Dias, João Carvalho, Joana Figueiredo, Raquel Seruca, and Rui D. M. Travasso. The ecm and tissue architecture are major determinants of early invasion mediated by e-cadherin dysfunction. Communications Biology, Nov 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05482-x, doi:10.1038/s42003-023-05482-x. This article has 15 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  5. (ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29): S Ghosh. Real-time analysis of e-cadherin mediated junction formation in cancer cells using a minimal reconstituted system. Unknown journal, 2024.

  6. (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 7-8): Malik Samardali, Jehad Samardaly, and Ibrahim Shanti. A comprehensive literature review of the cdh1 mutation and its role in gastric cancer. Cureus, May 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.85072, doi:10.7759/cureus.85072. This article has 2 citations.

  7. (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 3-4): Malik Samardali, Jehad Samardaly, and Ibrahim Shanti. A comprehensive literature review of the cdh1 mutation and its role in gastric cancer. Cureus, May 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.85072, doi:10.7759/cureus.85072. This article has 2 citations.

  8. (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4): L. van der Sluis, J.M. van Dieren, R.S. van der Post, and T.M. Bisseling. Current advances and challenges in managing hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (hdgc): a narrative review. Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13053-024-00293-5, doi:10.1186/s13053-024-00293-5. This article has 11 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  9. (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 1-2): L. van der Sluis, J.M. van Dieren, R.S. van der Post, and T.M. Bisseling. Current advances and challenges in managing hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (hdgc): a narrative review. Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13053-024-00293-5, doi:10.1186/s13053-024-00293-5. This article has 11 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  10. (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 6-7): Malik Samardali, Jehad Samardaly, and Ibrahim Shanti. A comprehensive literature review of the cdh1 mutation and its role in gastric cancer. Cureus, May 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.85072, doi:10.7759/cureus.85072. This article has 2 citations.

  11. (OpenTargets Search: -CDH1): Open Targets Query (-CDH1, 30 results). Buniello, A. et al. (2025). Open Targets Platform: facilitating therapeutic hypotheses building in drug discovery. Nucleic Acids Research.

  12. (sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 4-5): L. van der Sluis, J.M. van Dieren, R.S. van der Post, and T.M. Bisseling. Current advances and challenges in managing hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (hdgc): a narrative review. Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice, Oct 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13053-024-00293-5, doi:10.1186/s13053-024-00293-5. This article has 11 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

Artifacts

Citations

  1. ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 15-19
  2. ghosh2024realtimeanalysisof pages 27-29
  3. samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 7-8
  4. melo2023theecmand pages 9-10
  5. sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 2-4
  6. samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 1-2
  7. samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 2-3
  8. samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 3-4
  9. sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 1-2
  10. samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 6-7
  11. sluis2024currentadvancesand pages 4-5
  12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05482-x
  13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13053-024-00293-5
  14. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.85072,
  15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05482-x,
  16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13053-024-00293-5,

Manual

(CDH1-deep-research-manual.md)
CDH1 (E-cadherin) — Deep Research (manual) Manual

CDH1 (E-cadherin) — Deep Research (manual)

Provenance note. This is a manually compiled research file. The automated
deep-research providers (Perplexity, OpenAI, Falcon, etc.) were unavailable in
this environment (no API keys; prior runs reported provider timeouts), so per
the repository CLAUDE.md guidance this content is written by hand and named
-deep-research-manual.md rather than -deep-research-{provider}.md.

Every assertion is anchored to a verifiable source: either the UniProt record
(CDH1-uniprot.txt, UniProt P12830) or one of the 73 publications referenced
in CDH1-goa.tsv, all of which are cached locally in publications/. Supporting
text is quoted verbatim from the cached publication abstracts/full text.

Gene summary

  • Gene: CDH1 (HGNC:1748) — Cadherin-1 / E-cadherin / Uvomorulin / CAM 120/80 / CD324
  • UniProt: P12830 (human)
  • Taxon: Homo sapiens, NCBI:txid9606
  • One-line: Calcium-dependent, single-pass type I transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates homophilic cell–cell adhesion at epithelial adherens junctions, organizes the apical junctional complex, and acts as an invasion/tumor suppressor.

CDH1 is the prototypical "classical" (type I) cadherin. UniProt summarizes its
function as: "Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They
preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting
cells... CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility
and proliferation of epithelial cells... Has a potent invasive suppressor role"

[UniProt:P12830 FUNCTION, citing PubMed:11976333].

Protein architecture

  • Ectodomain: five tandem extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats. PMID:21300292
  • Calcium dependence: Ca2+ rigidifies and curves the ectodomain. [UniProt:P12830 DOMAIN, "Three calcium ions are usually bound at the interface of each cadherin domain and strengthen the connections, imparting a strong curvature to the full-length ectodomain"]
  • Single transmembrane segment, then a short cytoplasmic tail carrying the juxtamembrane domain (p120-catenin site) and the C-terminal catenin-binding domain (β-catenin/plakoglobin site).
  • Proteolytic fragments: the precursor is processed; activated/cleaved forms E-Cad/CTF1, CTF2, CTF3 are generated by ADAM10, PS1/γ-secretase and caspase-3. [UniProt:P12830 PTM, citing PubMed:10597309, PubMed:11076937, PubMed:11953314]
  • Glycosylation: N-glycosylation at Asn-637 is essential for folding/trafficking; bisecting GlcNAc addition by MGAT3 (GnT-III) modulates membrane localization. [UniProt:P12830 PTM] PMID:19403558

Core function 1 — Calcium-dependent homophilic cell–cell adhesion

The defining molecular function. Adhesion uses two distinct interfaces:

  • Trans (adhesive) interface — strand-swap dimerization between EC1 domains of cadherins on apposing cells, exchanging the N-terminal β-strand and burying the conserved Trp2. PMID:21300292
  • Cis (lateral) interface — EC1-to-EC2 contacts between cadherins on the same cell, required to assemble ordered junctions but not for adhesion per se. PMID:21300292

Single-molecule work shows adhesion begins from monomers, not pre-formed cis
dimers, and that clustering is cooperative:
PMID:19114658
PMID:19114658.

Dimerization proceeds by an induced-fit, two-step mechanism: a weak Ca2+-dependent
"encounter complex" forms first, then strengthens by strand swap.
PMID:19646884
PMID:19646884.

Mechanotransduction

E-cadherin bonds are force-responsive, which lets junctions resist and tune
to mechanical load:
PMID:23112161
PMID:23112161
PMID:23112161.

Core function 2 — The cadherin–catenin complex and linkage to the actin cytoskeleton

The cytoplasmic tail nucleates the catenin complex that couples adhesion to
the cytoskeleton. UniProt: "Component of an E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complex
composed of at least E-cadherin/CDH1, beta-catenin/CTNNB1 or gamma-catenin/JUP,
and potentially alpha-catenin/CTNNA1"
[UniProt:P12830 SUBUNIT, citing
PubMed:16126725, PubMed:7982500]; the juxtamembrane domain binds CTNND1
(p120-catenin) [UniProt:P12830 SUBUNIT, citing PubMed:15240885].

  • β-catenin / plakoglobin (γ-catenin): plakoglobin is a bona fide catenin distinct from β-catenin. PMID:1639850
  • Actin linkage: α-catenin does not stably bind F-actin within the complex; linkage requires adaptor proteins. EPLIN/LIMA1 is one such link. PMID:18093941 PMID:18093941
  • Spectrin linkage: Ankyrin-G binds the E-cadherin tail at a site distinct from β-catenin and recruits β-2-spectrin. PMID:17620337 PMID:17620337
  • p120-catenin competition: ARVCF and p120ctn compete for the same juxtamembrane site. PMID:10725230
  • Vinculin stabilizes surface E-cadherin via β-catenin. PMID:20086044
  • AF6/afadin links the complex to F-actin. PMID:16882694
  • Junctional Rho/actomyosin: centralspindlin localizes to the zonula adherens by binding α-catenin and recruits the RhoGEF ECT2. PMID:22750944 PMID:22750944

Core function 3 — Adherens junction assembly and desmosome nucleation

Beyond forming adherens junctions, E-cadherin seeds desmosome assembly:

  • Direct cis binding to desmoglein-2. PMID:29999492 PMID:29999492
  • E-cadherin + plakoglobin recruit plakophilin-3 to initiate desmosomes. PMID:20859650
  • UniProt corroborates: "Plays a role in the early stages of desmosome cell-cell junction formation via facilitating the recruitment of DSG2 and DSP to desmosome plaques" [UniProt:P12830 FUNCTION, citing PubMed:29999492], and a CDH1/RAP1A/PKP3 complex is required for CDH1 localization to mature desmosomes [UniProt:P12830 SUBUNIT, citing PubMed:25208567].
  • Non-desmosomal Dsg3 reciprocally tunes E-cadherin adherens-junction assembly through Src. PMID:22294297

Annotation note: desmosome localization (GO:0030057) for CDH1 is a genuine
but organizer/initiator role, not a structural desmosomal-cadherin role — best
treated as a real but non-core (or carefully scoped) annotation.

Trafficking, turnover and stabilization

E-cadherin surface levels are set by a balance of delivery, recycling, endocytosis
and degradation:

  • Biosynthetic delivery: post-Golgi E-cadherin transits a Rab11 recycling endosome before basolateral delivery. PMID:15689490 PMID:15689490. Ankyrin-G/β-2-spectrin are needed for TGN exit. PMID:17620337
  • Endocytic degradation: the Rac1 effector Armus (TBC1D2) inactivates Rab7 to route E-cadherin to lysosomes during junction disassembly. PMID:20116244
  • Ubiquitin-dependent turnover: the E3 ligase CBLL1/Hakai recognizes Tyr-phosphorylated E-cadherin. PMID:22252131. UniProt also notes SCF-SKP2 ubiquitination after CK1 phosphorylation [UniProt:P12830 PTM, citing PubMed:21283129, PubMed:22770219].
  • Stabilizers: Rack1 blocks Src phosphorylation, Hakai ubiquitination and endocytosis. PMID:21685945. Flotillin microdomains recruit/stabilize cadherins and enable p120 binding. PMID:24046456. CRYAB suppresses E-cadherin internalization. PMID:22158051

Regulation of adhesive activity

  • Phosphorylation: PKD1/PKCμ directly phosphorylates E-cadherin, increasing aggregation and reducing motility. PMID:15695390
  • Heterotrimeric G proteins: activated Gα12/Gα13 bind the cadherin tail and disable adhesion, releasing β-catenin. PMID:11976333
  • Smad7 shunts stabilized β-catenin into the membrane E-cadherin complex. PMID:18593713
  • Regulated cleavage: Ca2+ influx / apoptosis triggers ADAM10, PS1/γ-secretase and caspase-3 cleavage, disassembling junctions and releasing β-catenin. [UniProt:P12830 PTM] [UniProt:P12830 SUBUNIT, "Interaction with PSEN1, cleaves CDH1 resulting in the disassociation of cadherin-based adherens junctions"]

EMT/MET and transcriptional control of CDH1

Loss of E-cadherin is a hallmark of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT);
its re-expression drives the reverse (MET). CDH1 itself is a transcriptional
target:

  • GATA3 directly induces CDH1 and reverses EMT. PMID:20189993
  • ASPP2 stabilizes the β-catenin–E-cadherin complex and blocks β-catenin from transactivating the EMT repressor ZEB1. PMID:25344754
  • A Lef-1 Δexon VI isoform represses CDH1 β-catenin-independently, lowering adhesion. PMID:19653274
  • E-cadherin represses Nanos1; its loss elevates Nanos1, which binds p120ctn and promotes invasion. PMID:17047063

Outside-in signaling

Homophilic E-cadherin engagement is not just structural — it transduces signals
that control gene expression and cell state:

  • Engagement controls nuclear HNF4α and enterocyte differentiation genes. PMID:16338932
  • E-cadherin can drive epithelial-like reprogramming of macrophages, required for organized tuberculous granulomas. PMID:27760340

Tumor suppression and disease

  • E-cadherin is a classical invasion/tumor suppressor: somatic CDH1 mutations occur in ~50% of diffuse-type gastric carcinoma, often with LOH. PMID:8033105 PMID:8033105
  • Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC): ~45% of HDGC families carry germline CDH1 alterations. PMID:24424122. UniProt links CDH1 to Diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancer syndrome (DGLBC, MIM:137215) [UniProt:P12830 DISEASE].
  • Blepharocheilodontic syndrome: heterozygous CDH1 missense (and CTNND1 truncating) mutations cause this developmental disorder. PMID:28301459 PMID:28301459
  • The E-cadherin–catenin complex functions broadly as an invasion suppressor. PMID:19604117

Pathogen receptor role (microbial infection)

E-cadherin EC1 is hijacked by pathogens:

This is appropriately a non-core function (host receptor co-opted by pathogens),
not part of CDH1's normal physiology.

Candidate core functions (for the review closeout)

Synthesis for the eventual core_functions block of CDH1-ai-review.yaml:

  1. Calcium-dependent homophilic cell–cell adhesion — trans strand-swap dimerization via EC1; the molecular activity underlying epithelial integrity (GO:0005509 calcium ion binding; GO:0098641 cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion; adherens-junction adhesion BP terms).
  2. Adherens junction organization / apical junctional complex assembly — nucleating the cadherin–catenin complex and the zonula adherens, including coupling to the actin/spectrin cytoskeleton via catenins and adaptors.
  3. Invasion / tumor suppression — restraining cell motility and invasion; loss drives EMT and diffuse gastric / lobular breast cancer.

Likely non-core but genuine: desmosome assembly initiation; outside-in
transcriptional signaling; regulation of cell proliferation; pathogen-receptor
role (microbial infection — should not be a core annotation).

Caveats for annotation review

  • APC/C name collision. Two GOA-referenced PMIDs — PMID:19822757 and
    PMID:20951947 — are about the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), whose
    activator subunit is colloquially called "Cdh1" but is the separate gene
    FZR1, not CDH1/E-cadherin. Any GO term derived from these (e.g. cell-cycle
    / ubiquitin-ligase-activator terms) is an identifier/name-collision error and
    should be flagged for REMOVE.
  • A large fraction of CDH1's GOA references are high-throughput interactome /
    proteomics screens
    (e.g. PMID:33961781 BioPlex, PMID:34591612, PMID:35271311
    OpenCell, PMID:32814053, PMID:35922511). These support GO:0005515 protein
    binding at best and are over-annotation candidates per repository curation
    guidelines ("avoid the term protein binding").
  • Many disease/expression-correlation papers (lung, prostate, pancreatic cancer
    surveys) report E-cadherin as a readout, not as evidence of a specific
    molecular function — they justify, at most, broad BP context, not core MF/CC
    annotations.

Source inventory

  • UniProt P12830 (CDH1-uniprot.txt) — FUNCTION, SUBUNIT, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DOMAIN, PTM, DISEASE sections.
  • All 73 PMIDs in CDH1-goa.tsv are cached in publications/PMID_<n>.md. Core-function papers used above: 1639850, 8033105, 10725230, 11976333, 12526809, 15689490, 15695390, 16338932, 16882694, 17047063, 17237808, 17620337, 17715295, 18093941, 18593713, 19114658, 19403558, 19604117, 19646884, 19653274, 20086044, 20116244, 20189993, 20859650, 21300292, 21685945, 22158051, 22252131, 22294297, 22750944, 23112161, 24046456, 24424122, 25344754, 25468996, 27760340, 28301459, 29999492.

📚 Additional Documentation

Notes

(CDH1-notes.md)

CDH1 (E-cadherin) — curation notes

2026-06-22 — manual PubMed curation of IBA support

Applied the proven manual-PubMed support-finding workflow (asta deprecated, see issue #1599) to the
14 IBA annotations that lacked independent PMID/DOI support. Several already had a supported_by
entry pointing at the falcon deep-research file (file:...), which is why they were flagged
unsupported — I appended foundational primary PMIDs (verified verbatim against the fetched abstract).

Added independent PMID support to 8 of 14 IBA annotations:

Term GO Reference
beta-catenin binding GO:0008013 PMID:7806582 (β-catenin interacts with E-cadherin)
catenin complex GO:0016342 PMID:2349235 (uvomorulin/E-cadherin associates with catenins α/β/γ)
cadherin binding GO:0045296 PMID:20190754 (classical-cadherin strand-swap homophilic binding)
cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin GO:0044331 PMID:3498123 (Nagafuchi/Takeichi 1987)
calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion GO:0016339 PMID:3498123 ("Ca2+-dependent intercellular adhesion between epithelial cells")
adherens junction GO:0005912 PMID:7806582 (E-cadherin in adherens junctions of epithelia)
adherens junction organization GO:0034332 PMID:3498123 (anti-E-cadherin disperses compact cell colonies)
apical junction complex GO:0043296 PMID:23643492 (E-cadherin at the epithelial zonula adherens)

Left unsupported (6) — honest:

  • GO:0007043 cell-cell junction assembly — core E-cadherin function, but I did not locate a clean
    cached primary statement specifically about junction assembly in a quick search (Adams/Vasioukhin
    live-imaging papers would fit; not fetched). Distinct from the organization term above.
  • GO:0016477 cell migration — real but context-dependent (E-cadherin suppresses single-cell
    invasion yet enables collective migration); a single IBA "cell migration" is too coarse to anchor
    cleanly to one primary paper.
  • GO:0000902 cell morphogenesis — broad developmental term; better captured by specific
    morphogenesis processes than a general primary citation.
  • GO:0005737 cytoplasm — E-cadherin is a plasma-membrane protein with a cytoplasmic domain;
    a blanket "cytoplasm" CC is arguably an over-annotation and was not given primary support.
  • GO:0007416 synapse assembly — the synaptic classical cadherin is largely N-cadherin (CDH2);
    this looks like a phylogenetic over-propagation to CDH1 and was not supported.
  • GO:0016600 flotillin complex — obscure CC; no clean primary support surfaced; likely
    over-propagated.

Note: unlike the LGALS3 asta run, CDH1's foundational literature (Nagafuchi/Takeichi 1987, the
Ozawa/Kemler catenin papers, Harrison 2010 structure) was trivially recovered by direct PubMed
search — again reinforcing that targeted manual search beats the retrieval-only provider.

📄 View Raw YAML

id: P12830
gene_symbol: CDH1
product_type: PROTEIN
status: COMPLETE
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:9606
  label: Homo sapiens
description: 'CDH1 encodes E-cadherin (epithelial cadherin), the prototypical type-I
  classical cadherin and the principal calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule
  of epithelia. This single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein has five extracellular
  cadherin (EC) repeats that bind calcium and mediate homophilic trans-adhesion with
  E-cadherin on neighbouring cells, while its cytoplasmic tail nucleates the cadherin-catenin
  complex by binding p120-catenin, beta-catenin and gamma-catenin/plakoglobin; alpha-catenin
  in turn couples this complex to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Through these interactions
  E-cadherin builds and maintains adherens junctions, establishes epithelial apicobasal
  polarity and tissue integrity, and facilitates early desmosome assembly. E-cadherin
  is a potent invasion and tumour suppressor: loss of function promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal
  transition and is causative in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast
  carcinoma. E-cadherin is additionally exploited as a host cell-surface receptor
  by Listeria monocytogenes internalin A.'
alternative_products:
- name: '1'
  id: P12830-1
- name: '2'
  id: P12830-2
  sequence_note: VSP_055586
existing_annotations:
- term:
    id: GO:0000902
    label: cell morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER classical cadherin family tree (PTHR24027,
      subfamily SF319 Cadherin-1) via GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin contributes to epithelial
      cell morphogenesis because cadherin-mediated adhesion shapes epithelial cells
      and is required to establish and maintain epithelial architecture. However,
      cell morphogenesis is a broad downstream outcome of the core adhesion and junction-organizing
      activity rather than a distinct core function. The precise core CDH1 processes
      (calcium-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion, cadherin-mediated adhesion,
      adherens junction organization) are captured by other rows in this file.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: 'Real but general developmental/cellular outcome downstream of the core
      adhesion function; the precise core processes (GO:0044331 cell-cell adhesion
      mediated by cadherin, GO:0034332 adherens junction organization) are ACCEPTed
      elsewhere in this batch. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0016477
    label: cell migration
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER cadherin family tree (PTHR24027) via
      GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin participates in cell migration processes — it is
      retained at junctions during collective epithelial migration such as wound healing,
      and conversely its loss drives the epithelial-mesenchymal transition that licenses
      single-cell motility and invasion. The bare cell migration term carries no directionality,
      whereas the best-established directional CDH1 role is suppression of single-cell
      migration/invasion, separately captured by the IMP GO:0030336 (negative regulation
      of cell migration) row in this file (PMID:16882694). The generic involved_in
      cell-migration inference is therefore a real but non-core, context-dependent
      association.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: 'Generic non-directional migration term; the core CDH1 activity is cell-cell
      adhesion rather than migration per se, and the directional regulatory role (suppression
      of migration/invasion) is captured by GO:0030336 elsewhere in the file. Mechanical
      IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0007043
    label: cell-cell junction assembly
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER classical cadherin family tree (PTHR24027)
      via GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin nucleates assembly of epithelial cell-cell junctions
      — homophilic trans-engagement of E-cadherin ectodomains initiates cell-cell
      contact, and the cytoplasmic tail recruits the catenins that build the adherens
      junction and template subsequent tight-junction and desmosome formation. This
      is a core, well-established CDH1 function, consistent with the more specific
      GO:0034332 (adherens junction organization) row.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: 'Core CDH1 biological process — E-cadherin is the founding adhesion receptor
      that initiates epithelial cell-cell junction assembly. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER
      batch (batch 2 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection (is_active_in) from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027)
      via GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin is a type-I single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein;
      its steady-state location is the plasma membrane and adherens junction, with
      only its ~150-residue C-terminal tail exposed to the cytosol. Annotating the
      protein as is_active_in the cytoplasm (GO:0005737) is over-broad — it asserts
      a generic compartment that does not reflect where the protein resides or acts.
      The accurate localizations (plasma membrane, adherens junction, lateral plasma
      membrane) are captured by other rows in this file.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: 'Over-broad CC for a single-pass transmembrane plasma-membrane protein;
      cytoplasm is not entirely wrong (the cytoplasmic tail faces the cytosol) but
      does not reflect the protein actual residence or site of action. More precise
      CC terms (GO:0005886 plasma membrane, GO:0005912 adherens junction, GO:0016328
      lateral plasma membrane) are present in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch
      (batch 2 of #348).'
  qualifier: is_active_in
- term:
    id: GO:0008013
    label: beta-catenin binding
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033.
      The E-cadherin cytoplasmic catenin-binding domain directly binds beta-catenin
      (CTNNB1); this interaction links the cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton via
      alpha-catenin and is the molecular basis of the cadherin-catenin complex. Independently
      supported within this file by IPI/IDA evidence on this same term (PMID:18593713,
      Smad7 stabilizes beta-catenin binding to the E-cadherin complex; PMID:17620337)
      and by Reactome TAS rows describing CDH1-CTNNB1 complex formation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: 'Canonical core CDH1 molecular function — direct beta-catenin binding
      by the cadherin cytoplasmic tail is the defining interaction of the cadherin-catenin
      complex. Corroborated by IPI (PMID:18593713) and IDA (PMID:17620337) evidence
      on this exact term elsewhere in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch
      2 of #348).'
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: Experimental/biophysical synthesis emphasizes anchoring through
        **β‑catenin and α‑catenin**, enabling transmission of actomyosin forces across
        junctions
    - reference_id: PMID:7806582
      supporting_text: "beta-Catenin is involved in the formation of adherens junctions of mammalian epithelia. It interacts with the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin"
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0044331
    label: cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER classical cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via
      GO_REF:0000033. Cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is the defining function
      of E-cadherin — calcium-dependent homophilic trans-interaction of ectodomains
      between adjacent epithelial cells. This is the central core CDH1 process. Independently
      supported in this file by IDA evidence on the same term (PMID:18593713) and
      by the crystallographic adhesion-architecture reference PMID:21300292.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: 'Defining core biological process of E-cadherin — homophilic cadherin-mediated
      cell-cell adhesion. Corroborated by IDA evidence on this exact term (PMID:18593713)
      elsewhere in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).'
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: E‑cadherin is a **calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion molecule**
        that organizes epithelial tissue architecture by mediating **homophilic adhesion**
        and supporting epithelial integrity and polarity
    - reference_id: PMID:3498123
      supporting_text: "E-cadherin is a cell surface glycoprotein responsible for Ca2+-dependent intercellular adhesion between epithelial cells"
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0016342
    label: catenin complex
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection (part_of) from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via
      GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin is the transmembrane core of the cadherin-catenin
      (catenin) complex; its cytoplasmic tail scaffolds beta-catenin and gamma-catenin
      and, via alpha-catenin, the actin cytoskeleton. Independently supported in this
      file by IDA evidence on the same GO:0016342 term (PMID:18593713).
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component — E-cadherin is the obligate transmembrane
      component of the catenin complex. Corroborated by IDA evidence on this exact
      term (PMID:18593713) elsewhere in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch
      2 of #348).'
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: Broader mechanistic synthesis also highlights interaction with
        **p120‑catenin**, and how changes in E‑cadherin availability can alter β‑catenin
        and p120‑catenin signaling states
    - reference_id: PMID:2349235
      supporting_text: "the cytoplasmic region of the cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin associates with three proteins named catenin alpha, beta, and gamma"
  qualifier: part_of
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033.
      E-cadherin engages in cadherin binding through calcium-dependent homophilic
      trans- and cis-interactions of its ectodomain (the EC1 strand-swap dimer interface),
      the mechanistic basis of homophilic cell-cell adhesion. Independently supported
      in this file by HDA evidence on the same term (PMID:25468996, the E-cadherin
      interactome) and the crystallographic reference PMID:21300292.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: 'Core CDH1 molecular function — homophilic cadherin-cadherin binding via
      the ectodomain is the adhesive activity of E-cadherin. Corroborated by HDA evidence
      on this exact term (PMID:25468996) elsewhere in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER
      batch (batch 2 of #348).'
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: '**homophilic trans-binding** is driven primarily by the **EC1
        domain** and proceeds through an **X-dimer intermediate** followed by formation
        of a stable **strand-swapped dimer**, in which a **tryptophan side chain from
        one EC1 inserts into a hydrophobic pocket** of the opposing EC1'
    - reference_id: PMID:20190754
      supporting_text: "Crystal structures of classical cadherins have revealed two dimeric configurations. In the first, N-terminal beta-strands of EC1 domains 'swap' between partner molecules."
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0070097
    label: delta-catenin binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15240885
  review:
    summary: 'NEW annotation. The juxtamembrane domain (JMD) of E-cadherin''s cytoplasmic tail directly binds p120-catenin (CTNND1) at a site distinct from the C-terminal beta-catenin-binding domain. UniProt cites Krakstad et al. 2004 (PMID:15240885) as the primary reference for "INTERACTION WITH CTNND1" (CDH1-uniprot.txt line 300); Fig. 5B coimmunoprecipitates E-cadherin with p120-catenin in L cells in the context of Galpha12 overexpression (with Galpha12 increasing the association), and the Discussion explicitly references the established direct binding of p120ctn to the juxtamembrane region of E-cadherin (the citation context UniProt relies on when listing this paper). The CDH1-CTNND1 interaction is independently documented in UniProt (P12830 SUBUNIT: "Interacts with CTNND1"; binding-site feature "Required for binding CTNND1 and PSEN1") and by four IntAct/UniProt-curated IPI records against CTNND1/O60716 in this file''s GOA (PMID:10725230, PMID:19604117, PMID:33961781, PMID:34591612). Mariner et al. 2000 (PMID:10725230) provides supporting JMD-localization context by showing that ARVCF competes with p120 for the same JMD site. Mechanistically, p120-catenin binding masks a dileucine endocytic motif in the JMD and stabilizes E-cadherin at the plasma membrane, controlling cadherin surface levels, turnover, and adhesion strength — a direct molecular function distinct from beta-catenin binding (GO:0008013, a core function here). Term-usage note: GO:0070097 "delta-catenin binding" is the only available granular GO term for catenin-δ subfamily binding; there is no separate "p120-catenin binding" term. The term is used here for CTNND1 (p120/δ1-catenin) following the convention already established across all 39 GO:0005515 over-annotation rows in this file (e.g. line 285: "delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)"), and consistent with the GO definition "Binding to the delta subunit of the catenin complex."'
    action: NEW
    reason: 'Direct, well-supported molecular function (p120-catenin binding at the juxtamembrane domain) currently captured only as uninformative generic protein binding; promoting it to GO:0070097 implements the partner-specific replacement flagged across the GO:0005515 CTNND1 IPI rows of this file. Reference set was tightened after PR review: original_reference_id updated to UniProt''s primary direct reference PMID:15240885 (was PMID:10725230, an ARVCF competition assay that only indirectly implies p120 binding), and PMID:24424122 (a suppressor-tRNA therapy paper) was dropped from the summary, leaving only the four IPI records that clearly target CTNND1/O60716. Alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294) is intentionally NOT proposed, because alpha-catenin associates with E-cadherin indirectly via beta-catenin rather than by direct binding to CDH1.'
- term:
    id: GO:0034332
    label: adherens junction organization
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER classical cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via
      GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin is the founding component that organizes the epithelial
      adherens junction — clustering of trans-engaged cadherins together with recruitment
      of the catenin-actin module assembles and maintains the zonula adherens. Independently
      supported in this file by IMP evidence on the same term (PMID:21724833).
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: 'Core CDH1 biological process — E-cadherin organizes the adherens junction.
      Corroborated by IMP evidence on this exact term (PMID:21724833) elsewhere in
      the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).'
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: E‑cadherin-based adhesions transmit **actomyosin-generated
        pulling forces** through β‑catenin/α‑catenin anchorage, and junction stability
        can be limited by cytoskeletal anchorage rather than cadherin–cadherin binding
        strength
    - reference_id: PMID:3498123
      supporting_text: "blocking the action of E-cadherin by monoclonal antibodies causes dispersion of compact cell colonies"
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection (is_active_in) from the PANTHER classical cadherin tree
      (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033. The adherens junction (zonula adherens) is the
      principal site of E-cadherin residence and function in epithelial cells. This
      is a core CDH1 cellular component, independently supported in this file by multiple
      IDA rows on the same term (PMID:22294297, PMID:18343367, PMID:27760340, PMID:24046456,
      PMID:20086044, PMID:16338932).
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component — the adherens junction is the defining
      site of E-cadherin localization and activity, corroborated by numerous IDA rows
      on this exact term in the file. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).'
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: In epithelia, E‑cadherin is enriched at the **plasma membrane**
        and concentrates at **adherens junctions** where it contributes to epithelial
        sheet cohesion and tissue architecture
    - reference_id: PMID:7806582
      supporting_text: "beta-Catenin is involved in the formation of adherens junctions of mammalian epithelia. It interacts with the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin"
  qualifier: is_active_in
- term:
    id: GO:0007416
    label: synapse assembly
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via GO_REF:0000033,
      originating from the broad ancestral node PTN000616414. Classical cadherins
      contribute to synapse assembly and stabilization in the nervous system, and
      E-cadherin has documented roles at neuronal synapses; however, for the canonical
      epithelial CDH1 this is a tissue-specific, non-core context rather than a defining
      function. The core CDH1 role is epithelial cell-cell adhesion at adherens junctions.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: 'Tissue/cell-type-specific neuronal context (synapse assembly) rather
      than a core epithelial CDH1 function; projected from a broad ancestral PANTHER
      node. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch (batch 2 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0016339
    label: calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection from the PANTHER classical cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via
      GO_REF:0000033. E-cadherin adhesion is strictly calcium-dependent — Ca2+ ions
      bridge the linker regions between extracellular cadherin (EC) domains, rigidifying
      the ectodomain into the conformation competent for homophilic trans-binding.
      GO:0016339 (attachment of one cell to another via adhesion molecules that require
      calcium) precisely describes the core CDH1 adhesive process. Consistent with
      the IEA GO:0005509 (calcium ion binding) row in this file.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: 'Core CDH1 biological process — calcium-dependent homophilic cell-cell
      adhesion is the defining activity of E-cadherin. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch
      (batch 2 of #348).'
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: E‑cadherin is a **calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion molecule**
        that organizes epithelial tissue architecture by mediating **homophilic adhesion**
        and supporting epithelial integrity and polarity
    - reference_id: PMID:3498123
      supporting_text: "E-cadherin is a cell surface glycoprotein responsible for Ca2+-dependent intercellular adhesion between epithelial cells"
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0016600
    label: flotillin complex
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: IBA projection (part_of) from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027) via
      GO_REF:0000033, from the broad ancestral node PTN000616414. GO:0016600 (flotillin
      complex) is defined as a protein complex containing flotillin-1 and flotillin-2
      (and possibly associated proteins). E-cadherin is recruited to flotillin-rich
      membrane microdomains that stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junctions (shown
      experimentally in PMID:24046456, the separate IDA GO:0016600 row in this file),
      but it is not a constitutive flotillin subunit. Annotating E-cadherin as part_of
      the flotillin complex by phylogenetic inference overstates this microdomain
      association into structural complex membership. (The IDA flotillin row, PMID:24046456,
      is left PENDING for a later batch.)
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: 'The part_of qualifier overstates a membrane-microdomain association as
      structural membership of the flotillin-1/-2 complex; E-cadherin is recruited
      to flotillin microdomains but is not a flotillin-complex subunit. Not entirely
      wrong (flotillin-microdomain localization is experimentally supported by PMID:24046456)
      but an over-annotation as an IBA part_of inference. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER batch
      (batch 2 of #348).'
  qualifier: part_of
- term:
    id: GO:0043296
    label: apical junction complex
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23643492
      supporting_text: "E-cadherin supports steady-state Rho signaling at the epithelial zonula adherens"
    summary: IBA projection (is_active_in) from the PANTHER cadherin tree (PTHR24027)
      via GO_REF:0000033, from the broad ancestral node PTN000616414. The apical junction
      complex (GO:0043296) is the composite apical unit comprising the tight junction,
      the zonula adherens and desmosomes. E-cadherin is the core of the zonula adherens,
      one of the three constituents of the apical junction complex, so the annotation
      is not wrong; however, the precise and core CDH1 cellular component is the adherens
      junction itself (GO:0005912, ACCEPTed in this batch), and the broader composite
      grouping is best treated as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: 'Accurate but broader-than-precise CC grouping; the precise core localization
      is GO:0005912 adherens junction. E-cadherin resides specifically in the zonula
      adherens sub-compartment of the apical junction complex. Mechanical IBA-PANTHER
      batch (batch 2 of #348).'
  qualifier: is_active_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005509
    label: calcium ion binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IEA from InterPro2GO (GO_REF:0000002): E-cadherin has five extracellular
      cadherin (EC) domains, each pair bridged by three Ca2+ ions at the domain linker
      regions. Ca2+ binding rigidifies the extracellular domain into a rod-like conformation
      required for homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Calcium ion
      binding is therefore a core molecular activity of CDH1, corroborated by the
      IBA GO:0016339 (calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion) ACCEPT in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 molecular function — Ca2+ binding via the EC-domain linkers
      is an obligate step in homophilic cadherin adhesion. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: extracellular portion contains **five cadherin repeats (EC1–EC5)**
        with **calcium-binding sites**
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005576
    label: extracellular region
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044): CDH1 is a type-I single-pass
      transmembrane glycoprotein with a large N-terminal extracellular segment comprising
      five EC repeat domains (EC1-EC5). The ectodomain is entirely extracellular and
      constitutes the adhesion-competent portion of the protein.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component — the large EC1-EC5 ectodomain occupies
      the extracellular region and is the adhesion-active portion of the protein.
      IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044): CDH1 is a type-I single-pass
      transmembrane glycoprotein whose steady-state localization is the plasma membrane
      and adherens junction. Only the ~150-residue C-terminal cytoplasmic tail faces
      the cytosol; the protein does not reside in or act within the cytoplasm as a
      compartment. More precise CC terms (GO:0005886 plasma membrane, GO:0005912 adherens
      junction) are accepted elsewhere in this file. Consistent with MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
      on the IBA GO:0005737 row.'
    reason: 'Over-broad CC for a single-pass transmembrane plasma-membrane protein;
      only the cytoplasmic tail faces the cytosol; more precise CC terms (plasma membrane,
      adherens junction) are accepted elsewhere. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005768
    label: endosome
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044): CDH1/E-cadherin undergoes clathrin-mediated
      endocytosis and is trafficked through early endosomes during junction remodelling
      and in response to growth factor signalling. Endosomal localisation is real
      but is a trafficking/turnover context rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion
      and junction-organising function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC — endosomal localisation reflects CDH1 endocytic
      turnover/recycling rather than core adhesion function; primary sites of CDH1
      activity are plasma membrane and adherens junction. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005794
    label: Golgi apparatus
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044): CDH1 is glycosylated and processed
      in the Golgi apparatus as part of the secretory pathway before reaching the
      plasma membrane. Golgi localisation is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than a site of CDH1 function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC — Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing compartment
      for CDH1 maturation; core localisation and function are at the plasma membrane
      and adherens junction. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IEA from UniProt keyword mapping (GO_REF:0000120): The plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1/E-cadherin localization and function. E-cadherin
      concentrates at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells,
      where it mediates homophilic trans-dimerisation and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent
      with experimental IDA and TAS evidence on the same term elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component — the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity. IEA batch (batch
      3 of #348).'
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: In epithelia, E‑cadherin is enriched at the **plasma membrane**
        and concentrates at **adherens junctions** where it contributes to epithelial
        sheet cohesion and tissue architecture
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044): The adherens junction is the
      principal and defining site of CDH1/E-cadherin localization and function in
      epithelial cells. E-cadherin is the core transmembrane component of the cadherin-catenin
      complex at the adherens junction. Already ACCEPTed for the IBA annotation (GO_REF:0000033)
      in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component — the adherens junction is the defining
      site of CDH1 localization and activity; consistent with IBA ACCEPT on this term
      elsewhere in the file. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0007155
    label: cell adhesion
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IEA from InterPro2GO (GO_REF:0000002): Cell adhesion is the defining
      biological process of CDH1/E-cadherin. E-cadherin mediates calcium-dependent
      homophilic cell-cell adhesion between epithelial cells and is the founding member
      of the classical cadherin family.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 biological process — cell adhesion is the defining function
      of E-cadherin. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0007156
    label: homophilic cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IEA from InterPro2GO (GO_REF:0000002): Homophilic cell-cell adhesion
      is the specific core mechanism of CDH1 — E-cadherin engages in calcium-dependent
      homophilic trans-dimerisation with E-cadherin on adjacent cells, forming the
      molecular basis of epithelial cell-cell adhesion.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 biological process — homophilic cell-cell adhesion via the
      ectodomain strand-swap mechanism is the defining activity of E-cadherin. IEA
      batch (batch 3 of #348).'
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: '**homophilic trans-binding** is driven primarily by the **EC1
        domain** and proceeds through an **X-dimer intermediate** followed by formation
        of a stable **strand-swapped dimer**, in which a **tryptophan side chain from
        one EC1 inserts into a hydrophobic pocket** of the opposing EC1'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from InterPro2GO (GO_REF:0000002): CDH1 is a single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein and is associated with membranes. However, GO:0016020 membrane
      is a broad parent term. The precise CC annotations for CDH1 are GO:0005886 plasma
      membrane (core, ACCEPTed) and GO:0005912 adherens junction. The generic membrane
      annotation does not add information beyond the more specific terms.'
    reason: GO:0016020 membrane is an uninformative broad parent term — CDH1 is a
      single-pass transmembrane protein but the informative CC terms are GO:0005886
      plasma membrane and GO:0005912 adherens junction (both ACCEPTed elsewhere);
      the generic membrane term adds no annotation value. Consistent with the MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
      treatment of the equally generic GO:0005737 cytoplasm rows. Action reconciled
      with the IDA GO:0016020 row in this file (#348).
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030054
    label: cell junction
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IEA from HGNC (GO_REF:0000117): CDH1 localizes to cell junctions. However,
      GO:0030054 cell junction is a broad parent term; the more specific and informative
      CC annotation is GO:0005912 adherens junction (ACCEPTed in this file), which
      is the precise junction type where E-cadherin resides and functions.'
    reason: 'Broad parent CC — CDH1 localises to cell junctions but the precise junction
      type is the adherens junction (GO:0005912, accepted elsewhere); the broad parent
      term adds no annotation value. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030057
    label: desmosome
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IEA from UniProt-GOA (GO_REF:0000044, the UniProtKB Subcellular Location
      keyword-to-GO mapping — not generic cadherin-family domain mapping): CDH1/E-cadherin
      localizes to desmosomes. UniProt P12830 curates "Cell junction, desmosome" as
      an experimentally-supported subcellular location (ECO:0000269|PubMed:25208567,
      PubMed:29999492, PubMed:33596089), and E-cadherin plays a role in the early
      stages of desmosome cell-cell junction formation by facilitating recruitment
      of DSG2 and DSP to desmosome plaques (PubMed:29999492). CDH1 is not itself a
      desmosomal cadherin (those are the desmogleins/desmocollins), but its desmosome
      localization and early-assembly role are genuine biology, not an over-annotation.
      This is peripheral to the core E-cadherin function at the adherens junction
      (GO:0005912, ACCEPTed in this file). Two IDA annotations on this term (PMID:33596089,
      PMID:29999492) and an IMP on GO:0002159 desmosome assembly (PMID:29999492) are
      PENDING for review in a later batch and should be reviewed consistently as KEEP_AS_NON_CORE.'
    reason: 'GO_REF:0000044 propagates UniProt''s curated, experimentally-supported
      "Cell junction, desmosome" subcellular location (ECO:0000269|PubMed:25208567/29999492/33596089)
      — it is not generic domain mapping, and the desmosome localization plus early-desmosome-assembly
      role are genuine but peripheral to the core adherens-junction function of E-cadherin.
      Corrects the prior MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED decision after a UniProt fact-check
      (see issue #348). IEA batch (batch 3 of #348) follow-up.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0034329
    label: cell junction assembly
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IEA from HGNC (GO_REF:0000117): CDH1 participates in cell junction assembly
      — E-cadherin nucleates adherens junction assembly and via the catenin complex
      templates subsequent tight junction assembly. GO:0034329 cell junction assembly
      is valid but is a broad parent of GO:0007043 cell-cell junction assembly (already
      ACCEPTed via IBA in this file).'
    reason: 'Valid but broad parent BP — CDH1 participates in cell junction assembly
      but the precise term GO:0007043 cell-cell junction assembly is already ACCEPTed
      via IBA; broad parent adds no annotation value. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0098609
    label: cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IEA from InterPro2GO (GO_REF:0000002): Cell-cell adhesion is the core
      biological process of CDH1/E-cadherin — the protein mediates calcium-dependent
      homophilic cell-cell adhesion between adjacent epithelial cells. Consistent
      with GO:0007155 cell adhesion (also ACCEPTed) and GO:0044331 cell-cell adhesion
      mediated by cadherin (ACCEPTed via IBA in this file).'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 biological process — cell-cell adhesion is the defining function
      of E-cadherin; consistent with GO:0044331 (IBA ACCEPT) and GO:0007155 (IEA ACCEPT).
      IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11401320
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:11401320
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:12526809
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:12526809
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15695390
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:15695390
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16212417
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:16212417
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16983094
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:16983094
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17220478
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:17220478
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17237808
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:17237808
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17274640
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:17274640
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17715295
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:17715295
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18093941
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:18093941
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18593713
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:18593713
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19016843
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:19016843
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19604117
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:19604117
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19732724
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:19732724
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20802534
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:20802534
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20951947
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:20951947
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21685945
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:21685945
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22056988
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:22056988
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22158051
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:22158051
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22252131
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:22252131
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22750944
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:22750944
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:24189400
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:24189400
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:24424122
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:24424122
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:24658140
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:24658140
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25241761
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:25241761
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25344754
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:25344754
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:31980649
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:31980649
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:32814053
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:32814053
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:33961781
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:33961781
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:34591612
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:34591612
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:35271311
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:35271311
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0042802
    label: identical protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19114658
  review:
    summary: CDH1 homodimerization documented by single-molecule force spectroscopy
      (Zhang et al. 2009, PNAS). This study directly measured E-cadherin trans-dimerization
      at the single-molecule level, confirming homophilic binding between CDH1 ectodomains
      and characterizing binding cooperativity. CDH1 identical protein binding is
      the molecular basis of homophilic cadherin-mediated cell adhesion.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis
      of homophilic cadherin adhesion. This is a well-established, specific, and biologically
      meaningful annotation — unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed
      in batch 1. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755).
      ACCEPT.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0042802
    label: identical protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19646884
  review:
    summary: CDH1 homodimerization detected by IntAct-curated physical interaction
      experiment (PMID:19646884). CDH1 identical protein binding reflects the well-established
      homophilic trans-dimerization mechanism that underlies cadherin-mediated cell-cell
      adhesion. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis
      of homophilic cadherin adhesion. This is a well-established, specific, and biologically
      meaningful annotation — unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed
      in batch 1. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755).
      ACCEPT.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0042802
    label: identical protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21300292
  review:
    summary: CDH1 homodimerization detected by IntAct-curated physical interaction
      experiment (PMID:21300292). CDH1 identical protein binding reflects the well-established
      homophilic trans-dimerization mechanism that underlies cadherin-mediated cell-cell
      adhesion.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis
      of homophilic cadherin adhesion. This is a well-established, specific, and biologically
      meaningful annotation — unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed
      in batch 1. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755).
      ACCEPT.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0042802
    label: identical protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:23112161
  review:
    summary: CDH1 homodimerization detected by IntAct-curated physical interaction
      experiment (PMID:23112161). CDH1 identical protein binding reflects the well-established
      homophilic trans-dimerization mechanism that underlies cadherin-mediated cell-cell
      adhesion.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis
      of homophilic cadherin adhesion. This is a well-established, specific, and biologically
      meaningful annotation — unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed
      in batch 1. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755).
      ACCEPT.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0042802
    label: identical protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:24725409
  review:
    summary: This GO:0042802 identical-protein-binding annotation derives from an
      IntAct-curated interaction in Crawley et al. 2014 (PMID:24725409, Cell), a study
      primarily about PCDH24/MLPCDH protocadherin-based intermicrovillar adhesion
      driving intestinal brush border assembly. CDH1/E-cadherin is not a subject of
      that paper — it appears only as a positive control in a bead aggregation assay
      (Fig. 4B,C), where E-cadherin ectodomain-coated beads formed large aggregates,
      demonstrating robust homophilic adhesion. The paper explicitly excludes CDH1
      from further study because E-cadherin localizes to the basolateral compartment
      rather than the brush border. The bead-aggregation control nonetheless confirms
      CDH1 homophilic (identical protein) binding, consistent with the well-established
      homophilic trans-dimerization mechanism underlying cadherin-mediated cell-cell
      adhesion.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis
      of homophilic cadherin adhesion — a well-established, specific, and biologically
      meaningful annotation, unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed
      in batch 1. PMID:24725409 is not a dedicated CDH1 study (E-cadherin serves only
      as a bead-aggregation positive control there), but that control is genuine supporting
      data, and CDH1 homophilic binding is independently established by the other
      GO:0042802 IPI entries — notably the single-molecule force spectroscopy of PMID:19114658
      — and by UniProt, which documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755).
      ACCEPT.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0042802
    label: identical protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:35922511
  review:
    summary: CDH1 homodimerization detected in a physical wiring screen of the human
      immune system (Shilts et al. 2022, Nature). CDH1 identical protein binding reflects
      the well-established homophilic trans-dimerization mechanism that underlies
      cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion; this large-scale screen provides additional
      proteomics-level support for CDH1 self-interaction.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: CDH1 homodimerization (identical protein binding) is the molecular basis
      of homophilic cadherin adhesion. This is a well-established, specific, and biologically
      meaningful annotation — unlike the generic GO:0005515 protein binding rows removed
      in batch 1. UniProt documents CDH1 as a disulfide-linked homodimer (PubMed:11856755).
      ACCEPT.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0007416
    label: synapse assembly
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Synapse assembly is a neural cadherin
      function attributed to CDH1 by Ensembl electronic propagation from neural cadherin
      subfamilies. E-cadherin has documented roles at neuronal synapses in neural
      tissue contexts, but this is a tissue-specific non-core context for canonical
      epithelial CDH1. Consistent with the IBA annotation on this same term (KEEP_AS_NON_CORE)
      in this file.'
    reason: 'Tissue/cell-type-specific neuronal context rather than a core epithelial
      CDH1 function; consistent with IBA KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on this term. IEA batch
      (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0008013
    label: beta-catenin binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IEA from UniProt keyword mapping (GO_REF:0000120): Beta-catenin binding
      by the CDH1 cytoplasmic tail is the canonical molecular mechanism of the cadherin-catenin
      complex. The E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain directly binds beta-catenin (CTNNB1);
      this interaction links the cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton via alpha-catenin
      and is the basis of the adherens junction. Already ACCEPTed for the IBA annotation
      in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 molecular function — beta-catenin binding by the cytoplasmic
      domain is the canonical interaction of the cadherin-catenin complex; consistent
      with IBA ACCEPT on this term. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0009410
    label: response to xenobiotic stimulus
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): There is no established direct role
      for CDH1/E-cadherin in responding to xenobiotic stimuli. CDH1 expression may
      change after toxic/xenobiotic exposure in some organisms as a secondary transcriptional
      effect, but this does not constitute a direct CDH1 molecular function in xenobiotic
      sensing or response.'
    reason: 'No direct CDH1 role in xenobiotic response; Ensembl IEA likely propagated
      from toxicology studies where CDH1 expression changed as a secondary effect;
      not a core CDH1 function. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0009636
    label: response to toxic substance
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Response to toxic substance is not
      a CDH1 core function. CDH1/E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion molecule; its
      expression may change under toxic conditions as a secondary effect but this
      does not constitute a direct CDH1 molecular function. Co-propagated with GO:0009410
      from the same Ensembl ortholog source.'
    reason: 'No direct CDH1 role in toxic-substance response; co-propagated with GO:0009410
      from Ensembl; secondary CDH1 expression changes under toxic conditions are not
      a core CDH1 function. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0021983
    label: pituitary gland development
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Pituitary gland development is not
      a core CDH1 function. CDH1/E-cadherin may be expressed in pituitary cells but
      pituitary gland development is a tissue-specific, context-dependent association
      rather than a defining function of E-cadherin. Likely propagated from a pituitary-expressing
      cadherin ortholog annotation.'
    reason: 'Tissue-specific context not representing a core CDH1 function; CDH1 may
      be expressed in pituitary but pituitary gland development is not a defining
      E-cadherin activity; Ensembl electronic propagation. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030517
    label: negative regulation of axon extension
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Negative regulation of axon extension
      is a neural cadherin function (N-cadherin/CDH2 and type II cadherins mediate
      contact-inhibition of axon extension). CDH1/E-cadherin is primarily an epithelial
      adhesion molecule; this Ensembl IEA annotation was propagated from a neural
      cadherin subfamily annotation.'
    reason: 'Neural cadherin function attributed to epithelial CDH1 by Ensembl propagation;
      negative regulation of axon extension is mediated by neural cadherins (CDH2
      etc.), not CDH1. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0031175
    label: neuron projection development
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Neuron projection development is
      a neural cadherin function. CDH1/E-cadherin is an epithelial cell adhesion molecule;
      neuron projection development is not a core CDH1 function. Propagated from neural
      cadherin annotations, analogous to the synapse assembly and axon extension IEA
      annotations in this batch.'
    reason: 'Neural cadherin function attributed to epithelial CDH1 by Ensembl propagation;
      neuron projection development is not a core E-cadherin function. IEA batch (batch
      3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0071503
    label: response to heparin
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Response to heparin is not a CDH1
      core function. CDH1/E-cadherin adhesion does not depend on heparin and there
      is no established CDH1-specific role in heparin sensing or response. This Ensembl
      IEA annotation likely reflects non-specific propagation from another cadherin
      family member or indirect experimental observation.'
    reason: 'No established CDH1 role in heparin response; Ensembl electronic propagation
      from a non-CDH1 cadherin or indirect experimental observation. IEA batch (batch
      3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0098794
    label: postsynapse
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): The postsynapse is a neural compartment
      at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. CDH1/E-cadherin is not a canonical postsynaptic
      protein; this GO location is associated with neural cadherins (CDH2) and protocadherins.
      This Ensembl IEA annotation was propagated from neural cadherin annotations.'
    reason: 'Neural synaptic CC attributed to epithelial CDH1 by Ensembl propagation;
      CDH1 is not a postsynaptic component; this location is specific to neural/synaptic
      cadherins. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: is_active_in
- term:
    id: GO:0098978
    label: glutamatergic synapse
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): The glutamatergic synapse is a specific
      neural compartment. CDH1/E-cadherin is not a glutamatergic synapse component;
      this is a neural cadherin function. Propagated from neural cadherin family annotations
      in the same batch as GO:0098794 postsynapse and GO:0007416 synapse assembly.'
    reason: 'Neural synaptic CC attributed to epithelial CDH1 by Ensembl propagation;
      CDH1 is not a glutamatergic synapse component. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: is_active_in
- term:
    id: GO:0099576
    label: regulation of protein catabolic process at postsynapse, modulating synaptic
      transmission
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): Regulation of protein catabolic process
      at the postsynapse is a highly specific neural synaptic process. CDH1/E-cadherin
      is not a canonical synaptic protein and does not regulate postsynaptic protein
      catabolism. This IEA annotation was propagated from neural cadherin annotations.'
    reason: 'Highly specific neural synaptic process attributed to epithelial CDH1
      by Ensembl propagation; CDH1 does not regulate postsynaptic protein catabolism.
      IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0140459
    label: response to Gram-positive bacterium
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): While CDH1/E-cadherin is the host
      receptor for Listeria monocytogenes (a Gram-positive bacterium) via the bacterial
      internalin InlA, this represents pathogen exploitation of a host cell-surface
      receptor, not a core CDH1 biological function. Annotating CDH1 as responding
      to Gram-positive bacteria conflates bacterial hijacking of a host receptor with
      an intrinsic CDH1 function.'
    reason: 'Pathogen exploitation (Listeria InlA uses CDH1 as an invasion receptor)
      is not a core CDH1 function; annotating CDH1 as responding to Gram-positive
      bacteria conflates bacterial hijacking with intrinsic receptor function. IEA
      batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:1990782
    label: protein tyrosine kinase binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IEA from Ensembl (GO_REF:0000107): CDH1/E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain
      interactions with protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are documented — Src family
      kinases phosphorylate the CDH1 cytoplasmic tail and regulate E-cadherin adhesion,
      and receptor tyrosine kinases including EGFR/HER2 interact with CDH1. However,
      protein tyrosine kinase binding is a regulatory modulation of the core adhesion
      activity, not a core CDH1 molecular function. IEA evidence from Ensembl provides
      lower confidence than direct experimental evidence.'
    reason: 'CDH1 cytoplasmic tail interacts with Src/EGFR/HER2 PTKs modulating E-cadherin
      function, but PTK binding is a regulatory modulation rather than a core CDH1
      MF; lower-confidence Ensembl IEA. IEA batch (batch 3 of #348).'
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005576
    label: extracellular region
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:34742300
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:34742300 (Bernegger et al. 2021): H. pylori HtrA protease
      cleaves E-cadherin''s extracellular ectodomain, directly confirming the extracellular
      localization of E-cadherin''s cadherin repeat domains. The ectodomain''s extracellular
      region is core to E-cadherin''s homophilic trans-adhesion mechanism.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:36309486
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:36309486 (Myo Min KK et al. 2022): E-cadherin plasma membrane
      localization confirmed in islet/epithelial context. Plasma membrane is the canonical
      and core localization for functional E-cadherin mediating cell-cell adhesion.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030057
    label: desmosome
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:33596089
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:33596089 (Raya-Sandino et al. 2021): E-cadherin is detected
      at desmosomes in intestinal epithelial cells in the context of desmocollin-2
      regulation of adhesion. Consistent with the direct evidence in PMID:29999492
      that E-cadherin is enriched in nascent desmosomes but diminishes as desmosomes
      mature; E-cadherin facilitates desmosome assembly but is not a stable resident
      of mature desmosome structures.'
    reason: 'E-cadherin appears at nascent desmosomal contacts as part of junction
      initiation (its trans-adhesion recruits desmosomal cadherins), but mature desmosomes
      are composed primarily of desmoglein/desmocollin — not E-cadherin. Desmosomal
      localization is a transient non-core CC. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005794
    label: Golgi apparatus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000052
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from GO_REF:0000052 (UniProtKB keyword-to-GO mapping): E-cadherin
      transits through the Golgi apparatus during biosynthesis and post-translational
      N-glycosylation (critical for correct E-cadherin folding and function). Golgi
      localization is a real but non-core CC reflecting biosynthetic/trafficking transit.'
    reason: 'Golgi localization is part of the E-cadherin biosynthetic pathway, not
      its core adhesive function site. Core CC is plasma membrane/adherens junction.
      Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000052
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from GO_REF:0000052 (UniProtKB keyword-to-GO mapping): Plasma membrane
      localization is the canonical site for functional E-cadherin. E-cadherin is
      a type-I transmembrane protein whose extracellular cadherin domains mediate
      homophilic trans-adhesion at the plasma membrane — unambiguously core CC.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030054
    label: cell junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000052
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from GO_REF:0000052 (UniProtKB keyword-to-GO mapping): E-cadherin
      is the canonical adhesion receptor at cell-cell junctions. GO:0030054 cell junction
      is the broad parent of GO:0005912 adherens junction; it is a valid CC annotation
      but the precise core localization is the adherens junction, ACCEPTed elsewhere
      in this file.'
    reason: 'Broad parent CC — GO:0030054 cell junction is the direct parent of GO:0005912
      adherens junction, the precise core CC for E-cadherin (ACCEPTed in this file).
      A real but non-core annotation: the informative term is the specific adherens
      junction. Action reconciled with the IEA and TAS GO:0030054 rows in this file
      (#348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005768
    label: endosome
  evidence_type: EXP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15689490
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'EXP from PMID:15689490 (Lock and Stow 2005): Rab11-positive recycling
      endosomes are an intermediate compartment for post-Golgi trafficking and exocytic
      delivery of E-cadherin to the basolateral plasma membrane. Endosomal localization
      is real and functionally important for E-cadherin surface delivery, but represents
      trafficking transit rather than the core functional site.'
    reason: 'E-cadherin transits through recycling endosomes during biosynthetic delivery
      to the basolateral membrane — a real but non-core CC. Core localization is at
      the plasma membrane/adherens junction. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: EXP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19403558
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'EXP from PMID:19403558 (Pinho et al. 2009): GnT-III knockdown causes
      membrane de-localization of E-cadherin leading to cytoplasmic accumulation,
      confirming that plasma membrane is the normal core localization of E-cadherin.
      Wild-type E-cadherin is robustly present at the plasma membrane.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0098631
    label: cell adhesion mediator activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:11976333
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:11976333 (Meigs et al. 2002): Galpha12/13 negatively regulate
      the adhesive functions of E-cadherin. The cell-adhesion-mediator-activity annotation
      is directly supported — E-cadherin functions as a cell adhesion mediator, and
      Galpha12/13 block cadherin-mediated cell adhesion in K562 and breast cancer
      cells. Cell adhesion mediator activity is core MF for E-cadherin.'
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005765
    label: lysosomal membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9935547
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9935547): Endocytosed, ubiquitinated CDH1/E-cadherin
      is sorted to lysosomes for degradation as part of junction turnover and downregulation.
      Lysosomal localization is real but reflects CDH1 degradative turnover rather
      than the site of its core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- lysosomal localization reflects CDH1 degradative
      turnover; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens
      junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005765
    label: lysosomal membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9935552
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9935552): Endocytosed, ubiquitinated CDH1/E-cadherin
      is sorted to lysosomes for degradation as part of junction turnover and downregulation.
      Lysosomal localization is real but reflects CDH1 degradative turnover rather
      than the site of its core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- lysosomal localization reflects CDH1 degradative
      turnover; core localization and function are at the plasma membrane and adherens
      junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934752
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934752): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934753
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934753): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0031901
    label: early endosome membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934752
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934752): CDH1/E-cadherin undergoes clathrin-mediated
      endocytosis and is trafficked through early endosomes during junction remodelling,
      recycling, and degradative sorting (e.g. following CBLL1/Hakai-mediated ubiquitination).
      Early endosome localization is real but reflects CDH1 trafficking/turnover rather
      than the site of its core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      on the IEA endosome annotation in this file.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- early endosome localization reflects CDH1 endocytic
      trafficking/turnover; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome row.
      Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0031901
    label: early endosome membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9935552
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9935552): CDH1/E-cadherin undergoes clathrin-mediated
      endocytosis and is trafficked through early endosomes during junction remodelling,
      recycling, and degradative sorting (e.g. following CBLL1/Hakai-mediated ubiquitination).
      Early endosome localization is real but reflects CDH1 trafficking/turnover rather
      than the site of its core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      on the IEA endosome annotation in this file.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- early endosome localization reflects CDH1 endocytic
      trafficking/turnover; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome row.
      Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934751
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934751): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934755
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934755): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766227
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9766227): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934584
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934584): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0031901
    label: early endosome membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766223
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9766223): CDH1/E-cadherin undergoes clathrin-mediated
      endocytosis and is trafficked through early endosomes during junction remodelling,
      recycling, and degradative sorting (e.g. following CBLL1/Hakai-mediated ubiquitination).
      Early endosome localization is real but reflects CDH1 trafficking/turnover rather
      than the site of its core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      on the IEA endosome annotation in this file.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- early endosome localization reflects CDH1 endocytic
      trafficking/turnover; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome row.
      Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0031901
    label: early endosome membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934584
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934584): CDH1/E-cadherin undergoes clathrin-mediated
      endocytosis and is trafficked through early endosomes during junction remodelling,
      recycling, and degradative sorting (e.g. following CBLL1/Hakai-mediated ubiquitination).
      Early endosome localization is real but reflects CDH1 trafficking/turnover rather
      than the site of its core adhesion function. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      on the IEA endosome annotation in this file.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- early endosome localization reflects CDH1 endocytic
      trafficking/turnover; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA endosome row.
      Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766219
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9766219): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816278
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816278): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9817325
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9817325): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9817330
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9817330): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934294
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934294): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934410
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934410): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934411
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934411): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934486
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934486): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0000139
    label: Golgi membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816275
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816275): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further
      processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma
      membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent
      with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA
      Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0000139
    label: Golgi membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816278
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816278): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further
      processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma
      membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent
      with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA
      Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0000139
    label: Golgi membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934330
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9934330): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further
      processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma
      membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent
      with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA
      Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0000139
    label: Golgi membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9935209
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9935209): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further
      processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma
      membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent
      with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA
      Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005796
    label: Golgi lumen
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816275
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816275): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further
      processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma
      membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent
      with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA
      Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0000139
    label: Golgi membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816273
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816273): CDH1/E-cadherin transits and is further
      processed/glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus en route from the ER to the plasma
      membrane. Golgi localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function. Consistent
      with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA Golgi apparatus annotation in this file.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the Golgi is a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA
      Golgi apparatus row. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816273
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816273): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9933194
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9933194): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9933380
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9933380): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816277
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816277): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9932352
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932352): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9932913
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932913): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9932988
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932988): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816276
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9816276): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9932344
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932344): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005788
    label: endoplasmic reticulum lumen
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9932162
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932162): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9932162
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9932162): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0002159
    label: desmosome assembly
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:29999492
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IMP from PMID:29999492 (Shafraz et al. 2018): E-cadherin cis-dimerization
      site (Leu-175) is required for efficient desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) recruitment and
      desmosome assembly in keratinocytes. E-cadherin facilitates desmosome assembly
      by initially recruiting Dsg2 via a direct Ca2+-independent heterophilic interaction,
      with Ecad levels in desmosomes decreasing as junctions mature.'
    reason: 'E-cadherin''s role in desmosome assembly is real but non-core — it facilitates
      early desmosomal junction initiation as an auxiliary function. E-cadherin''s
      primary role is adherens junction formation and homophilic cadherin-mediated
      cell-cell adhesion. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030057
    label: desmosome
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:29999492
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:29999492 (Shafraz et al. 2018): Super-resolution imaging
      shows E-cadherin is enriched in nascent desmosomes (1 hr after Ca2+ switch),
      declining 50% as desmosomes mature by 18 hr. E-cadherin transiently localizes
      to nascent desmosomal sites where it recruits Dsg2, but is displaced from mature
      desmosomes.'
    reason: 'Desmosomal localization is transient and non-core for E-cadherin — it
      functions to nucleate early junction formation but is not a permanent resident
      of mature desmosomes (desmoglein/desmocollin are the stable components). Core
      CC is plasma membrane/adherens junction. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:1903829
    label: positive regulation of protein localization
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:29999492
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IMP from PMID:29999492 (Shafraz et al. 2018): E-cadherin promotes Dsg2
      localization to intercellular contacts, supporting positive regulation of protein
      localization. However, GO:1903829 (positive regulation of protein localization)
      is too general — this specific function is better captured by the co-annotated
      GO:0002159 (desmosome assembly) from the same paper and same experiment.'
    reason: 'GO:1903829 is an overly broad parent term; the actual function is promotion
      of desmosomal cadherin (Dsg2) localization to nascent junctions, captured more
      specifically by GO:0002159 desmosome assembly. Per CLAUDE.md: prefer informative
      specific terms. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0008013
    label: beta-catenin binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18593713
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IPI from PMID:18593713 (Tang et al. 2008): Smad7 stabilizes the beta-catenin-E-cadherin
      complex at the plasma membrane. E-cadherin physically binds beta-catenin through
      its cytoplasmic tail — this is the canonical CDH1-CTNNB1 armadillo repeat interaction
      that links E-cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton via alpha-catenin. Beta-catenin
      binding is core MF for E-cadherin.'
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0044331
    label: cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:18593713
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:18593713 (Tang et al. 2008): Smad7 promotes cell-cell
      adhesion by increasing the beta-catenin-E-cadherin complex level at the plasma
      membrane. Cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin is the defining core BP for
      E-cadherin, confirmed in this study through perturbation of the cadherin complex.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22294297
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:22294297
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22294297
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:22294297 (Tsang et al. 2012): The paper studies how non-junctional
      Dsg3 regulates Src and E-cadherin junction assembly. GO:0005737 (cytoplasm)
      for E-cadherin is over-annotated — E-cadherin has a cytoplasmic tail engaged
      at the adherens junction, but annotating the entire cytoplasm as E-cadherin''s
      CC is non-informative and too general. The more informative and specific CC
      is GO:0005912 (adherens junction), which is also annotated from this paper.'
    reason: 'GO:0005737 cytoplasm is a highly non-specific CC for a transmembrane
      protein like E-cadherin whose cytoplasmic domain localizes to the adherens junction
      plaque; the adherens junction annotation from the same study captures the relevant
      specificity. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22294297
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:22294297 (Tsang et al. 2012): Non-junctional Dsg3 regulates
      Src and E-cadherin adherens junction formation. Adherens junction is the core
      CC for functional E-cadherin — E-cadherin organizes with beta-catenin, alpha-catenin,
      and p120-catenin at adherens junctions to mediate epithelial cell-cell adhesion.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:18343367
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:18343367: Adherens junction localization of E-cadherin
      confirmed experimentally. Core CC for E-cadherin — adherens junctions are the
      primary site of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion in epithelial cells.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20859650
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:20859650: Plasma membrane localization of E-cadherin confirmed.
      Core CC — E-cadherin is a type-I transmembrane protein that localizes to the
      basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells where it mediates homophilic
      adhesion.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27760340
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:27760340: Adherens junction localization confirmed experimentally.
      Core CC for E-cadherin.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9768614
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9768614): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005789
    label: endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9768618
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9768618): As a secretory-pathway transmembrane
      glycoprotein, pro-CDH1/E-cadherin is co-translationally inserted into, N-glycosylated,
      and folded within the endoplasmic reticulum before transport to the Golgi and
      plasma membrane. ER localization is real but represents a transient biosynthetic/processing
      compartment rather than the site of CDH1 core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- the endoplasmic reticulum is a transient biosynthetic/folding
      compartment for CDH1 maturation; core localization and function are at the plasma
      membrane and adherens junction. Reactome TAS localization batch (batch 4 of
      #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11790773
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:11790773
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:10725230
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:10725230
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0034332
    label: adherens junction organization
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:21724833
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IMP from PMID:21724833 (Lin et al. 2011): PTPN23 knockdown increases
      E-cadherin internalization and impairs adherens junction integrity, identifying
      E-cadherin as a key regulator/component of adherens junction organization. E-cadherin
      is the core structural component whose proper trafficking and membrane retention
      is essential for adherens junction maintenance.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:31473225
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:31473225
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0010468
    label: regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19403558
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IMP from PMID:19403558 (Pinho et al. 2009): Wild-type E-cadherin regulates
      MGAT3 (GnT-III) gene transcription. While E-cadherin can influence downstream
      gene expression programs (e.g., via beta-catenin sequestration or epithelial
      differentiation signaling), GO:0010468 (regulation of gene expression) is far
      too general an annotation for this specific MGAT3-regulatory phenotype. If retained,
      a more specific term like ''regulation of gene transcription by E-cadherin''
      would be needed, but no such specific GO term exists; the general parent is
      non-informative.'
    reason: 'Over-annotated: the specific CDH1 regulatory activity on MGAT3 transcription
      is a very narrow context-specific function, not a general gene-expression regulatory
      role of E-cadherin. GO:0010468 is too broad to be informative for curation.
      Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030336
    label: negative regulation of cell migration
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16882694
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IMP from PMID:16882694: E-cadherin mutant phenotype supports its role
      as negative regulator of cell migration. E-cadherin is a well-established suppressor
      of epithelial cell migration and invasion — loss of E-cadherin is a hallmark
      of EMT and tumor invasion. This is a core BP function of E-cadherin.'
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: EMT programs repress E‑cadherin and that such loss contributes
        to invasion and metastasis
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: HDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:25468996
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'HDA from PMID:25468996 (Guo et al. 2014): E-cadherin interactome quantitative
      proteomics using proximity biotinylation (BioID). Cadherin binding is confirmed
      — E-cadherin mediates homophilic trans-adhesion by binding to E-cadherin on
      opposing cells (strand-swap dimer) and to other cadherin family members. Cadherin
      binding is core MF for E-cadherin.'
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0042307
    label: positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16338932
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell
      adhesion controls nuclear abundance of HNF4alpha in Caco-2 enterocytes, linking
      E-cadherin engagement to increased nuclear import of this transcription factor.
      This is an indirect downstream signaling consequence of E-cadherin adhesion,
      not a direct E-cadherin MF.'
    reason: 'Positive regulation of protein import into nucleus is an indirect consequence
      of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion signaling (via HNF4alpha redistribution), not
      a core CDH1 function. E-cadherin''s primary role is cell-cell adhesion at adherens
      junctions. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:28301459
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:28301459: Plasma membrane localization of E-cadherin confirmed
      experimentally. Core CC.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030054
    label: cell junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:28169360
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:28169360: Cell junction localization of E-cadherin confirmed
      experimentally. GO:0030054 cell junction is the broad parent of GO:0005912 adherens
      junction; the precise core CC is the adherens junction, ACCEPTed elsewhere in
      this file.'
    reason: 'Broad parent CC — GO:0030054 cell junction is the direct parent of GO:0005912
      adherens junction, the precise core CC for E-cadherin (ACCEPTed in this file).
      A real but non-core annotation: the informative term is the specific adherens
      junction. Action reconciled with the IEA and TAS GO:0030054 rows in this file
      (#348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-8876948
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-8876948): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-8876993
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-8876993): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-8877003
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-8877003): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24046456
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:24046456 (Guillaume et al. 2013): Flotillins stabilize
      E-cadherin at cell-cell junctions; flotillin and E-cadherin complexes co-localize
      at CCJs. Adherens junction is confirmed as core CC for E-cadherin.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0016600
    label: flotillin complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24046456
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:24046456 (Guillaume et al. 2013): E-cadherin and flotillin
      1/2 are ''constitutively associated at the plasma membrane'' and co-localize
      at cell-cell junctions. E-cadherin associates with flotillin-containing lipid
      raft microdomains at CCJs; flotillins are required for cadherin stabilization
      at CCJs.'
    reason: E-cadherin is recruited to flotillin-1/-2 membrane microdomains that stabilize
      cadherins at cell-cell junctions (PMID:24046456), but it is not a structural
      subunit of the flotillin complex. The part_of GO:0016600 qualifier overstates
      this microdomain association as constitutive complex membership — not entirely
      wrong but an over-annotation. Action reconciled with the IBA GO:0016600 row
      in this file (#348).
  qualifier: part_of
- term:
    id: GO:0030027
    label: lamellipodium
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24046456
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:24046456 (Guillaume et al. 2013): The paper describes
      flotillin 1/2 as new partners of the cadherin complex that stabilize E-cadherin
      at cell-cell junctions (CCJs). The abstract focuses exclusively on CCJ biology:
      flotillins co-localize with cadherins at CCJs, are required for cadherin recruitment
      to CCJs, and mediate cadherin association with GM1-containing plasma membrane
      microdomains. Lamellipodium (GO:0030027) — an actin-rich protrusion at the leading
      edge of migrating cells — is mechanistically and spatially distinct from a stable
      epithelial CCJ. The abstract makes no mention of lamellipodia.'
    reason: The paper is entirely about E-cadherin stabilization at CCJs via flotillin
      microdomains; the abstract contains no evidence for E-cadherin in lamellipodia.
      CDH1 core CC is the adherens junction/plasma membrane (both ACCEPTed in this
      file). Lamellipodium is a migrating-cell leading-edge structure mechanistically
      distinct from the stable epithelial CCJ context studied in this paper. The annotation
      is not supported by the abstract and is inconsistent with the paper's experimental
      focus. MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED rather than REMOVE because full text was not accessible,
      but abstract evidence strongly argues against this localization.
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030864
    label: cortical actin cytoskeleton
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24046456
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:24046456 (Guillaume et al. 2013): Cadherin and flotillin
      complexes are associated with F-actin bundles at cell-cell junctions via flotillin
      microdomains. E-cadherin associates with the cortical actin cytoskeleton through
      catenin-actin linkages (alpha-catenin links the cadherin-catenin complex to
      F-actin).'
    reason: 'Cortical actin association is mechanistically real for E-cadherin (via
      alpha-catenin) but represents the actin-anchoring support for adherens junctions,
      not a core CDH1 CC. Core CC is the adherens junction/plasma membrane. Batch
      5 of #348.'
  qualifier: colocalizes_with
- term:
    id: GO:0050839
    label: cell adhesion molecule binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21724833
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IPI from PMID:21724833 (Lin et al. 2011): E-cadherin identified as a
      direct substrate of PTPN23, implying physical interaction. GO:0050839 (cell
      adhesion molecule binding) is too general — E-cadherin''s specific binding partners
      relevant to its adhesion function are more informatively captured by GO:0008013
      (beta-catenin binding), GO:0045296 (cadherin binding), and GO:0045295 (gamma-catenin
      binding) already annotated in this file.'
    reason: 'GO:0050839 cell adhesion molecule binding is uninformative relative to
      specific partner terms; PTPN23 is a phosphatase, not a canonical cell adhesion
      molecule. Per CLAUDE.md, prefer specific functional interaction terms over generic
      binding. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0070062
    label: extracellular exosome
  evidence_type: HDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23533145
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'HDA from PMID:23533145 (Principe et al. 2013): E-cadherin identified
      by shotgun proteomics in exosomes from expressed prostatic secretions. E-cadherin
      as a type-I transmembrane surface glycoprotein can be shed in membrane vesicles/exosomes;
      exosomal release of E-cadherin (or its ectodomain fragments) is real but represents
      a minor non-core aspect of E-cadherin biology.'
    reason: 'Extracellular exosome localization is a non-core CC reflecting passive
      vesicular shedding or secretion of E-cadherin/ectodomain fragments. Core localization
      is at the plasma membrane/adherens junction in epithelial cells. HDA evidence
      from large-scale proteomics. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:23086448
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:23086448
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0072659
    label: protein localization to plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20859650
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IMP from PMID:20859650: Mutant phenotype supports E-cadherin''s role
      in protein localization to plasma membrane — loss of E-cadherin or related perturbation
      affects surface delivery. E-cadherin localization to the plasma membrane is
      actively regulated by trafficking machinery (Rab11, ankyrin-G, spectrin), and
      E-cadherin mutant phenotype informs this process.'
    reason: 'Protein localization to plasma membrane is a real function related to
      E-cadherin trafficking, but it is non-core — the core BP is cell-cell adhesion
      and adherens junction organization, not the localization machinery itself. Batch
      5 of #348.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005576
    label: extracellular region
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-3827958
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-3827958): CDH1/E-cadherin has a large N-terminal
      ectodomain (EC1-EC5) that occupies the extracellular space, and proteolytic
      shedding (e.g. by MMP9/KLK7) releases a soluble extracellular ectodomain fragment.
      Consistent with the extracellular region annotation ACCEPTed on IEA evidence
      elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the EC1-EC5 ectodomain occupies the extracellular
      region and the shed soluble ectodomain is an extracellular fragment; consistent
      with extracellular region ACCEPT on IEA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005576
    label: extracellular region
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-4224014
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-4224014): CDH1/E-cadherin has a large N-terminal
      ectodomain (EC1-EC5) that occupies the extracellular space, and proteolytic
      shedding (e.g. by MMP9/KLK7) releases a soluble extracellular ectodomain fragment.
      Consistent with the extracellular region annotation ACCEPTed on IEA evidence
      elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the EC1-EC5 ectodomain occupies the extracellular
      region and the shed soluble ectodomain is an extracellular fragment; consistent
      with extracellular region ACCEPT on IEA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-3827958
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-3827958): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-4224014
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-4224014): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-NUL-2534209
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-NUL-2534209): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-202939
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-202939): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-265422
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-265422): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-419001
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-419001): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-419002
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-419002): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-5672304
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-5672304): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-8876497
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-8876497): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9825774
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9825774): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9926527
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'TAS from Reactome (R-HSA-9926527): The plasma membrane is the primary
      steady-state localization of CDH1/E-cadherin. As a type-I single-pass transmembrane
      glycoprotein, mature E-cadherin resides at the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      of epithelial cells, where it mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-dimerisation
      and cell-cell adhesion. Consistent with the plasma membrane annotations ACCEPTed
      on IEA and IDA evidence elsewhere in this file.'
    reason: 'Core CDH1 cellular component -- the lateral/basolateral plasma membrane
      is the primary site of CDH1 localization and adhesive activity; consistent with
      plasma membrane ACCEPT on IEA/IDA evidence elsewhere in this file. Reactome
      TAS localization batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19038973
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:19038973
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005802
    label: trans-Golgi network
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17620337
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IMP from PMID:17620337 (Kizhatil et al. 2007): Ankyrin-G and beta-2-spectrin
      are required for exit of E-cadherin from the trans-Golgi network in a microtubule-dependent
      pathway. TGN is the staging point for post-Golgi trafficking of newly synthesized
      E-cadherin to the lateral plasma membrane.'
    reason: 'Trans-Golgi network localization is non-core — reflects biosynthetic
      trafficking transit of E-cadherin before its delivery to the lateral plasma
      membrane. Core CC is plasma membrane/adherens junction. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0008013
    label: beta-catenin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17620337
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:17620337 (Kizhatil et al. 2007): Ankyrin-G binds to the
      cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin at a conserved site distinct from beta-catenin;
      ankyrin-G recruits beta-2-spectrin to E-cadherin-beta-catenin complexes. This
      study provides independent experimental confirmation that E-cadherin directly
      binds beta-catenin (IDA from the ankyrin study, co-IP evidence). Beta-catenin
      binding is core MF for E-cadherin.'
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0016328
    label: lateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17620337
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:17620337 (Kizhatil et al. 2007): ''E-cadherin is a ubiquitous
      component of lateral membranes in epithelial tissues.'' Ankyrin-G and beta-2-spectrin
      are required for accumulation of E-cadherin at the lateral membrane. Lateral
      plasma membrane is the core CC of E-cadherin in epithelial cells.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030506
    label: ankyrin binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17620337
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IPI from PMID:17620337 (Kizhatil et al. 2007): Ankyrin-G (ANK3) binds
      to the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin at a conserved site distinct from beta-catenin;
      this ankyrin-G interaction is required for lateral membrane accumulation and
      exit from the TGN. Ankyrin binding (GO:0030506) is a specific and informative
      MF — distinct from generic protein binding, ankyrin links E-cadherin to the
      spectrin/actin cytoskeleton.'
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0072659
    label: protein localization to plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17620337
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:17620337 (Kizhatil et al. 2007): Ankyrin-G and beta-2-spectrin
      regulate E-cadherin''s localization to the lateral plasma membrane; their loss
      causes mistargeting. E-cadherin localization to plasma membrane is real but
      this BP annotation captures the trafficking/targeting aspect rather than the
      core adhesion function.'
    reason: 'Protein localization to plasma membrane is a mechanistic support function
      for E-cadherin trafficking, not its core BP. Core BP is cell-cell adhesion and
      adherens junction organization. Non-core context: ankyrin/spectrin-dependent
      lateral membrane targeting. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0032794
    label: GTPase activating protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20116244
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IPI from PMID:20116244 (Frasa et al. 2010): Armus is a TBC/RabGAP protein
      that integrates Arf6, Rac1, and Rab7 signaling during E-cadherin junction disassembly.
      E-cadherin co-immunoprecipitates with Armus (a GTPase activating protein for
      Rab7), suggesting physical association. E-cadherin''s association with Armus/RabGAP
      is part of the junction disassembly/degradation pathway.'
    reason: 'GTPase activating protein binding by E-cadherin reflects its participation
      in junction disassembly/endocytic degradation pathways, not a core MF. Core
      function is homophilic adhesion at adherens junctions. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0009898
    label: cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20189993
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:20189993: E-cadherin''s cytoplasmic domain localizes to
      the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane where it interacts with beta-catenin,
      alpha-catenin, and p120-catenin. As a type-I transmembrane protein, E-cadherin''s
      cytoplasmic tail is definitively on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane,
      making this a correct CC annotation.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030054
    label: cell junction
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:17047063
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'TAS from PMID:17047063: CDH1/E-cadherin localizes to cell junctions.
      GO:0030054 cell junction is a broad parent term; the precise and informative
      CC annotation is GO:0005912 adherens junction (ACCEPTed in this file), the specific
      junction type where E-cadherin resides and functions. Consistent with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      on the IEA cell junction annotation in this file.'
    reason: 'Real but non-core CC -- CDH1 localizes to cell junctions but the precise
      junction type is the adherens junction (GO:0005912, accepted elsewhere); consistent
      with KEEP_AS_NON_CORE on the IEA cell junction row. Reactome TAS localization
      batch (batch 4 of #348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0022408
    label: negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19653274
  review:
    action: REMOVE
    summary: 'IMP from PMID:19653274 (Jesse et al. 2010): This paper studies Lef-1
      isoforms that inhibit E-cadherin expression, reducing cellular aggregation.
      The IMP annotation of GO:0022408 (negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion)
      to CDH1 is not supported — E-cadherin is a canonical POSITIVE mediator/regulator
      of cell-cell adhesion. The paper''s phenotype reflects Lef-1-mediated repression
      of CDH1 transcription leading to reduced adhesion; E-cadherin itself does not
      negatively regulate cell-cell adhesion in this context.'
    reason: 'Annotation inconsistent with CDH1 biology: E-cadherin is a positive mediator
      of cell-cell adhesion, not a negative regulator. The Lef-1 paper shows that
      reducing CDH1 expression reduces adhesion — this is the opposite of CDH1 negatively
      regulating cell-cell adhesion. This annotation appears to be a misinterpretation
      of the IMP evidence. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0030054
    label: cell junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19038973
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:19038973: Cell junction localization of E-cadherin confirmed
      experimentally. GO:0030054 cell junction is the broad parent of GO:0005912 adherens
      junction; the precise core CC is the adherens junction, ACCEPTed elsewhere in
      this file.'
    reason: 'Broad parent CC — GO:0030054 cell junction is the direct parent of GO:0005912
      adherens junction, the precise core CC for E-cadherin (ACCEPTed in this file).
      A real but non-core annotation: the informative term is the specific adherens
      junction. Action reconciled with the IEA and TAS GO:0030054 rows in this file
      (#348).'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20086044
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:20086044
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20086044
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:20086044: Adherens junction localization confirmed experimentally.
      Core CC for E-cadherin.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0071681
    label: cellular response to indole-3-methanol
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:10868478
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:10868478 (Meng et al. 2000): Indole-3-carbinol (I3C, a
      dietary phytochemical from cruciferous vegetables) causes dose-dependent upregulation
      of E-cadherin and catenin expression in breast cancer cells, suppressing invasion
      and migration. GO:0071681 (cellular response to indole-3-methanol) captures
      E-cadherin''s transcriptional upregulation in response to this specific dietary
      compound.'
    reason: 'E-cadherin expression response to indole-3-carbinol is a real but highly
      context-specific, non-core biological response. E-cadherin''s primary function
      is Ca2+-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0045295
    label: gamma-catenin binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:1639850
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IPI from PMID:1639850 (Knudsen and Wheelock 1992): Plakoglobin (gamma-catenin,
      JUP) co-immunoprecipitates with E-cadherin and N-cadherin. E-cadherin cytoplasmic
      tail interacts with plakoglobin/gamma-catenin (an 83-kD Drosophila armadillo/plakoglobin-like
      protein), linking E-cadherin to the cytoskeleton. Gamma-catenin binding is a
      core MF — plakoglobin is a functional component of the E-cadherin-catenin complex
      at adherens junctions and desmosomes.'
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0043296
    label: apical junction complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:10460003
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:10460003 (Smythe et al. 1999): E-cadherin and catenins
      detected at apical junction complexes in normal human bronchial epithelium by
      immunohistochemistry. The apical junction complex (AJC) is the composite apical
      unit comprising the tight junction, zonula adherens and desmosomes; E-cadherin
      resides specifically in the zonula adherens sub-compartment, so the annotation
      is accurate but broader than the precise core CC, GO:0005912 adherens junction.'
    reason: Accurate but broader-than-precise CC grouping — the apical junction complex
      is the composite of tight junction, adherens junction and desmosomes; E-cadherin
      resides specifically in the zonula adherens, whose precise term GO:0005912 adherens
      junction is ACCEPTed as core in this file. Action reconciled with the IBA GO:0043296
      row in this file (#348).
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0071285
    label: cellular response to lithium ion
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12937339
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:12937339 (Ohira et al. 2003): WNT7a induces E-cadherin
      expression in lung cancer cells. Lithium ion (a GSK-3β inhibitor that mimics
      Wnt/β-catenin signaling) is used in this study to probe WNT pathway effects
      on CDH1 expression. GO:0071285 (cellular response to lithium ion) captures E-cadherin''s
      transcriptional induction in response to lithium-mediated Wnt pathway activation.'
    reason: 'CDH1 induction by lithium ion reflects a specific pharmacological activation
      of WNT signaling, not a core CDH1 function. Lithium response is context-specific
      and non-core. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19822757
  review:
    summary: Generic 'protein binding' (GO:0005515) IPI evidence from PMID:19822757
      — non-informative per CLAUDE.md curation guidance. CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partner interactions are already captured in this file by dedicated MF terms
      (GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0042802 identical
      protein binding for the E-cadherin homodimer). Specific alpha-catenin binding
      (GO:0045294, for CTNNA1) and delta-catenin binding (GO:0070097, for CTNND1/p120-catenin)
      terms are not yet seeded in this file and should be added in a subsequent batch.
      Regardless, this generic GO:0005515 IntAct-derived row adds no biological information
      beyond what partner-specific MF terms (existing or to be added) capture.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: Generic 'protein binding' is uninformative; CDH1's beta-catenin and cadherin
      partners are already covered by granular MF terms in this file, and alpha-catenin
      (GO:0045294) and delta-catenin (GO:0070097) binding terms should be added in
      a subsequent batch to cover the CTNNA1 and CTNND1 IPI partners. Per CLAUDE.md,
      replace generic protein binding with informative partner-specific terms.
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0016342
    label: catenin complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:18593713
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:18593713 (Tang et al. 2008): Smad7 stabilizes the beta-catenin-E-cadherin
      complex at the plasma membrane. The catenin complex (GO:0016342) — comprising
      E-cadherin, beta-catenin, alpha-catenin, and p120-catenin — is the core protein
      complex mediating E-cadherin adhesion and cytoskeletal linkage. E-cadherin is
      the transmembrane scaffold of this complex.'
  qualifier: part_of
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16338932
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell
      adhesion via adherens junctions studied using chimeric E-cadherin-Fc homophilic
      surfaces and Caco-2 enterocytes. Adherens junction is the core CC for E-cadherin
      in intestinal epithelial cells.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0007156
    label: homophilic cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:16338932
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'NAS from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): Homophilic cell-cell adhesion
      is the foundation for the experimental design (chimeric E-cadherin-Fc surfaces,
      Caco-2 cell-cell contacts) and is cited as established background knowledge.
      Homophilic cell-cell adhesion is the definitively core BP for E-cadherin — the
      basis for all adherens junction-mediated tissue cohesion.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0015629
    label: actin cytoskeleton
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16338932
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): E-cadherin forms complexes
      with actin (''formation of E-cadherin-actin complexes inducing polarization
      of Caco-2 enterocytes''). E-cadherin associates with the actin cytoskeleton
      through alpha-catenin, which links the cadherin-catenin complex to F-actin.'
    reason: 'Actin cytoskeleton localization is real but reflects E-cadherin''s indirect
      connection to actin via alpha-catenin rather than a core CC of E-cadherin itself.
      Core CC is plasma membrane/adherens junction. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16338932
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): GO:0016020 (membrane)
      is a non-specific parent term for E-cadherin. E-cadherin is a transmembrane
      protein, but the relevant and informative CC annotation is plasma membrane (GO:0005886)
      or adherens junction (GO:0005912), both of which are also annotated from this
      study. The general ''membrane'' term adds no biological information beyond what
      the specific subterm annotations already convey.'
    reason: 'GO:0016020 membrane is over-annotated — an uninformative parent term
      when more specific descendant CC terms (plasma membrane, adherens junction,
      lateral plasma membrane) are already annotated from the same paper and evidence.
      Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0016328
    label: lateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16338932
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): E-cadherin complex formation
      studied in polarized Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells where E-cadherin localizes
      to the lateral plasma membrane forming adherens junctions. Lateral plasma membrane
      is the canonical CC for E-cadherin in polarized epithelial cells — consistent
      with PMID:17620337 which describes E-cadherin as ''a ubiquitous component of
      lateral membranes in epithelial tissues.'''
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16338932
  review:
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell
      adhesion promotes transcriptional activation of the apoA-IV gene via increased
      nuclear abundance of HNF4alpha. Positive regulation of transcription is an indirect
      downstream consequence of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion signaling.'
    reason: 'Transcriptional activation of apoA-IV via HNF4alpha is an indirect downstream
      effect of E-cadherin signaling in intestinal enterocytes — a context-specific
      non-core function. E-cadherin''s core function is homophilic cell-cell adhesion.
      Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0048471
    label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16338932
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): The paper demonstrates
      that E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion in Caco-2 enterocytes controls
      the nuclear abundance of HNF4alpha (hepatic nuclear factor 4alpha), thereby
      regulating apoA-IV gene transcription. CDH1/E-cadherin itself is a type-I single-pass
      transmembrane glycoprotein whose canonical localization is the plasma membrane
      and adherens junction. The paper''s experimental finding is about E-cadherin
      downstream signaling controlling nuclear translocation of HNF4alpha — not about
      E-cadherin itself localizing to the perinuclear region of cytoplasm. The abstract
      provides no evidence for E-cadherin perinuclear localization.'
    reason: 'The perinuclear region annotation appears to misattribute the paper''s
      finding about E-cadherin-mediated HNF4alpha nuclear redistribution to a perinuclear
      localization of E-cadherin itself. HNF4alpha (not CDH1) is the nuclear/perinuclear-region
      component in this paper. Full-length CDH1 is a plasma-membrane protein; while
      CTF2/CTF3 cleavage products can translocate to the nucleus in some contexts,
      this paper does not describe E-cadherin perinuclear localization. MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED:
      the annotation over-extends the paper''s findings about downstream signaling
      to an unsupported subcellular localization of E-cadherin.'
  qualifier: located_in
- term:
    id: GO:0050839
    label: cell adhesion molecule binding
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:16338932
  review:
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    summary: 'NAS from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): Cell adhesion molecule
      binding as NAS (Not Ascribed to Source) from a background knowledge statement
      about E-cadherin adhesion. GO:0050839 (cell adhesion molecule binding) is non-informative
      for E-cadherin — its specific binding partners (other E-cadherins in trans,
      beta-catenin, gamma-catenin, ankyrin) are better captured by dedicated terms
      (GO:0045296 cadherin binding, GO:0008013 beta-catenin binding, GO:0045295 gamma-catenin
      binding, GO:0030506 ankyrin binding) already annotated in this file.'
    reason: 'GO:0050839 is over-annotated: uninformative parent term when more specific
      molecular function binding terms for E-cadherin''s known partners are separately
      annotated. Per CLAUDE.md, prefer informative specific terms. Batch 5 of #348.'
  qualifier: enables
- term:
    id: GO:0098609
    label: cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16338932
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'IDA from PMID:16338932 (Peignon et al. 2006): Cell-cell adhesion confirmed
      directly — E-cadherin mediates Caco-2 enterocyte cell-cell adhesion; impairing
      or enhancing E-cadherin-dependent adhesion modulates apoA-IV transcription.
      Cell-cell adhesion (GO:0098609) is core BP for E-cadherin.'
  qualifier: involved_in
- term:
    id: GO:0007156
    label: homophilic cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:8033105
  review:
    action: ACCEPT
    summary: 'NAS from PMID:8033105: Homophilic cell-cell adhesion is the foundational
      and defining function of E-cadherin — a classical cadherin mediating Ca2+-dependent
      homophilic trans-adhesion between cells via strand-swap dimerization of the
      EC1 domain. This is the core BP and mechanism for E-cadherin''s role in epithelial
      tissue integrity and morphogenesis.'
  qualifier: involved_in
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000002
  title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO
    terms
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
  title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location
    vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by
    UniProt
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000052
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000107
  title: Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to
    orthologs using Ensembl Compara
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000117
  title: Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000120
  title: Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10460003
  title: Cadherin and catenin expression in normal human bronchial epithelium and
    non-small cell lung cancer.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10725230
  title: ARVCF localizes to the nucleus and adherens junction and is mutually exclusive
    with p120(ctn) in E-cadherin complexes.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10868478
  title: 'Suppression of breast cancer invasion and migration by indole-3-carbinol:
    associated with up-regulation of BRCA1 and E-cadherin/catenin complexes.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11401320
  title: FGF-1 and FGF-2 modulate the E-cadherin/catenin system in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
    cell lines.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11790773
  title: Protein binding and functional characterization of plakophilin 2. Evidence
    for its diverse roles in desmosomes and beta -catenin signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11976333
  title: Galpha12 and Galpha13 negatively regulate the adhesive functions of cadherin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12526809
  title: Structure of internalin, a major invasion protein of Listeria monocytogenes,
    in complex with its human receptor E-cadherin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12937339
  title: WNT7a induces E-cadherin in lung cancer cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15240885
  title: A role for Galpha12/Galpha13 in p120ctn regulation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15689490
  title: Rab11 in recycling endosomes regulates the sorting and basolateral transport
    of E-cadherin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15695390
  title: E-cadherin phosphorylation by protein kinase D1/protein kinase C{mu} is associated
    with altered cellular aggregation and motility in prostate cancer.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16212417
  title: Biosensor-based micro-affinity purification for the proteomic analysis of
    protein complexes.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16338932
  title: 'E-cadherin-dependent transcriptional control of apolipoprotein A-IV gene
    expression in intestinal epithelial cells: a role for the hepatic nuclear factor
    4.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:1639850
  title: Plakoglobin, or an 83-kD homologue distinct from beta-catenin, interacts
    with E-cadherin and N-cadherin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16882694
  title: Regulation of epithelial wound closure and intercellular adhesion by interaction
    of AF6 with actin cytoskeleton.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16983094
  title: The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene product represses oncogenic beta-catenin
    signaling in renal carcinoma cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17047063
  title: E-cadherin regulates human Nanos1, which interacts with p120ctn and induces
    tumor cell migration and invasion.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17220478
  title: Proteomics analysis of the interactome of N-myc downstream regulated gene
    1 and its interactions with the androgen response program in prostate cancer cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17237808
  title: Helicobacter pylori CagA interacts with E-cadherin and deregulates the beta-catenin
    signal that promotes intestinal transdifferentiation in gastric epithelial cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17274640
  title: A limited screen for protein interactions reveals new roles for protein phosphatase
    1 in cell cycle control and apoptosis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17620337
  title: Ankyrin-G is a molecular partner of E-cadherin in epithelial cells and early
    embryos.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17715295
  title: Thermodynamically reengineering the listerial invasion complex InlA/E-cadherin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18093941
  title: EPLIN mediates linkage of the cadherin catenin complex to F-actin and stabilizes
    the circumferential actin belt.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18343367
  title: 'P120-catenin is a novel desmoglein 3 interacting partner: identification
    of the p120-catenin association site of desmoglein 3.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18593713
  title: Smad7 stabilizes beta-catenin binding to E-cadherin complex and promotes
    cell-cell adhesion.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19016843
  title: Molecular basis of actin reorganization promoted by binding of enterohaemorrhagic
    Escherichia coli EspB to alpha-catenin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19038973
  title: Identification of WNT/beta-CATENIN signaling pathway components in human
    cumulus cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19114658
  title: Resolving cadherin interactions and binding cooperativity at the single-molecule
    level.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19403558
  title: The role of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III and V in the post-transcriptional
    modifications of E-cadherin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19604117
  title: CagA associates with c-Met, E-cadherin, and p120-catenin in a multiproteic
    complex that suppresses Helicobacter pylori-induced cell-invasive phenotype.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19646884
  title: Characterizing the initial encounter complex in cadherin adhesion.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19653274
  title: Lef-1 isoforms regulate different target genes and reduce cellular adhesion.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19732724
  title: The Tensin-3 protein, including its SH2 domain, is phosphorylated by Src
    and contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19822757
  title: Identification of a physiological E2 module for the human anaphase-promoting
    complex.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20086044
  title: Vinculin regulates cell-surface E-cadherin expression by binding to beta-catenin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20116244
  title: Armus is a Rac1 effector that inactivates Rab7 and regulates E-cadherin degradation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20189993
  title: GATA3 inhibits breast cancer metastasis through the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal
    transition.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20802534
  title: Hypoxia and cell cycle regulation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20859650
  title: E-cadherin and plakoglobin recruit plakophilin3 to the cell border to initiate
    desmosome assembly.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20951947
  title: Pharmacologic inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex induces a spindle
    checkpoint-dependent mitotic arrest in the absence of spindle damage.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21300292
  title: The extracellular architecture of adherens junctions revealed by crystal
    structures of type I cadherins.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21685945
  title: Rack1 promotes epithelial cell-cell adhesion by regulating E-cadherin endocytosis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21724833
  title: Identification of PTPN23 as a novel regulator of cell invasion in mammary
    epithelial cells from a loss-of-function screen of the 'PTP-ome'.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22056988
  title: Nuclear PKM2 regulates β-catenin transactivation upon EGFR activation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22158051
  title: Tumor suppressor Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) associates with the cadherin/catenin
    adherens junction and impairs NPC progression-associated properties.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22252131
  title: Structure of a novel phosphotyrosine-binding domain in Hakai that targets
    E-cadherin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22294297
  title: Non-junctional human desmoglein 3 acts as an upstream regulator of Src in
    E-cadherin adhesion, a pathway possibly involved in the pathogenesis of pemphigus
    vulgaris.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22750944
  title: Centralspindlin and α-catenin regulate Rho signalling at the epithelial zonula
    adherens.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23086448
  title: The CD46-Jagged1 interaction is critical for human TH1 immunity.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23112161
  title: Ideal, catch, and slip bonds in cadherin adhesion.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23533145
  title: In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic
    secretions in urine.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24046456
  title: Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junctions.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24189400
  title: Perturbation of the mutated EGFR interactome identifies vulnerabilities and
    resistance mechanisms.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24424122
  title: Rescue of wild-type E-cadherin expression from nonsense-mutated cancer cells
    by a suppressor-tRNA.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24658140
  title: The mammalian-membrane two-hybrid assay (MaMTH) for probing membrane-protein
    interactions in human cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24725409
  title: Intestinal brush border assembly driven by protocadherin-based intermicrovillar
    adhesion.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25241761
  title: Using an in situ proximity ligation assay to systematically profile endogenous
    protein-protein interactions in a pathway network.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25344754
  title: ASPP2 controls epithelial plasticity and inhibits metastasis through β-catenin-dependent
    regulation of ZEB1.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25468996
  title: E-cadherin interactome complexity and robustness resolved by quantitative
    proteomics.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:27760340
  title: Macrophage Epithelial Reprogramming Underlies Mycobacterial Granuloma Formation
    and Promotes Infection.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:28169360
  title: Loss of DLG5 promotes breast cancer malignancy by inhibiting the Hippo signaling
    pathway.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:28301459
  title: Blepharocheilodontic syndrome is a CDH1 pathway-related disorder due to mutations
    in CDH1 and CTNND1.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:29999492
  title: E-cadherin binds to desmoglein to facilitate desmosome assembly.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:31473225
  title: Sperm Flagellar 1 Binds Actin in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Contributes
    to Formation of Filopodia and Lamellipodia.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:31980649
  title: Extensive rewiring of the EGFR network in colorectal cancer cells expressing
    transforming levels of KRAS(G13D).
  findings: []
- id: PMID:32814053
  title: Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative Disease Proteins
    and Uncovers Widespread Protein Aggregation in Affected Brains.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:33596089
  title: Regulation of intestinal epithelial intercellular adhesion and barrier function
    by desmosomal cadherin desmocollin-2.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:33961781
  title: Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human
    interactome.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:34591612
  title: A protein interaction landscape of breast cancer.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:34742300
  title: Identification of Desmoglein-2 as a novel target of Helicobacter pylori HtrA
    in epithelial cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:35271311
  title: 'OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:35922511
  title: A physical wiring diagram for the human immune system.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:36309486
  title: Desmoglein-2 is important for islet function and β-cell survival.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:8033105
  title: E-cadherin gene mutations provide clues to diffuse type gastric carcinomas.
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-202939
  title: Caspase-mediated cleavage of E-Cadherin
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-265422
  title: Interaction of integrin alphaEbeta7 with Cadherin-1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-3827958
  title: E-cadherin degradation by MMP9, KLK7
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-419001
  title: Connection of adjacent cells through calcium-dependent trans-dimerization
    of cadherin
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-419002
  title: Interaction of cadherin with Beta/gamma catenin, alpha catenin and p120 catenin
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-4224014
  title: E-cadherin degradation by ADAM10, ADAM15
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-5672304
  title: IQGAP1 binds CDH1:CTTNB1:CTTNA1 and MEN1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-8876497
  title: InlA binds CDH1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-8876948
  title: SRC phosphorylates InlA-bound CDH1 and CTNNB1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-8876993
  title: CBLL1 binds SRC-phosphorylated CDH1 complex
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-8877003
  title: CBLL1 ubiqutinates the InlA-bound CDH1 complex
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766219
  title: MDM2 binds CDH1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766223
  title: Proteasome-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated CDH1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766227
  title: MDM2 mediates CDH1 ubiquitination
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9768614
  title: miR-9 inhibits CDH1 mRNA translation
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9768618
  title: miR-10b inhibits CDH1 mRNA translation
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816273
  title: CDH1 translocates from ER to Golgi
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816275
  title: CDH1 is proteolytically cleaved in Golgi
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816276
  title: CDH1 is N-glycosylated on asparagine residues in endoplasmic reticulum
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816277
  title: CDH1 is O-manosylated
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9816278
  title: CDH1 translocates to the plasma membrane
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9817325
  title: CDH1 associates with CTNND1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9817330
  title: CDH1:CTNNB1 complex binds CTNNA1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9825774
  title: SNAI2 and TBX3 repress CDH1 gene expression during melanocyte development
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9926527
  title: MITF-M-dependent CDH1 gene expression
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9932162
  title: Removal of CDH1 signal peptide
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9932344
  title: MOGS removes terminal glucose from Glu3Man9GlcNAc2-CDH1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9932352
  title: Glucosidase II removes glucose residue from Glu2Man9GlucNAc2-CDH1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9932913
  title: Glucosidase II removes glucose residue from Glu1Man9GlucNAc2-CDH1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9932988
  title: CANX binds Glu1Man9GlcNAc2-CDH1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9933194
  title: CTNNB1, JUP bind CDH1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9933380
  title: Cytosolic tail of CDH1 is phosphorylated
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934294
  title: CDH1-associated CTNNA1 binds VCL
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934330
  title: CDH1:CTNNB1,JUP complex binds to ANK3
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934410
  title: CDH1 forms homotypic trans-dimers
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934411
  title: CDH1 forms cis-clusters
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934486
  title: CDH1-associated CTNNA1 binds F-actin
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934584
  title: The complex of MDM2 and CDH1 translocates to early endosomes
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934751
  title: CDH1 is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934752
  title: Ubiquitinated CDH1 is endocytosed
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934753
  title: CBLL1 ubiquitinates CDH1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9934755
  title: CBLL1 binds p-Y-CDH1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9935209
  title: CDH1 binds to PIP5K1C
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9935547
  title: Lysosomal degradation of ubiquitinated CDH1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9935552
  title: Ubiquitinated CDH1 translocates to lysosomes for degradation
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-NUL-2534209
  title: E-cadherin strand dimer degradation by PS1
  findings: []
- id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-uniprot.txt
  title: UniProt record for human CDH1 (P12830)
  findings:
  - statement: Cadherins, including E-cadherin/CDH1, are calcium-dependent cell adhesion
      proteins.
    supporting_text: Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins
  - statement: E-cadherin mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion by preferentially
      interacting with itself.
    supporting_text: They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic
      manner in connecting cells
  - statement: E-cadherin is a component of an E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complex
      containing beta-catenin or gamma-catenin, located at adherens junctions.
    supporting_text: beta-catenin/CTNNB1 or gamma-catenin/JUP
- id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-manual.md
  title: Manual deep research summary for human CDH1 (E-cadherin)
  findings:
  - statement: E-cadherin mediates calcium-dependent homophilic trans-adhesion via
      strand-swap dimerization between EC1 domains on apposing cells; trans interactions
      are sufficient for aggregation while cis interactions are additionally required
      for junction assembly.
    supporting_text: EC1 domains of each protomer closely interact and symmetrically
      exchange their N-terminal β-strands, which contain a conserved tryptophan residue,
      Trp2; trans interactions are sufficient to mediate aggregation, while cis interactions
      are further required for assembly of junctions
  - statement: The cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin nucleates the cadherin-catenin complex
      by binding beta-catenin/plakoglobin and p120-catenin, coupling homophilic adhesion
      to the cortical actin cytoskeleton via alpha-catenin and adaptor proteins.
    supporting_text: Component of an E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complex; the juxtamembrane
      domain binds CTNND1 (p120-catenin); alpha-catenin links the complex to F-actin
      via adaptor proteins including EPLIN and AF6/afadin
- id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
  title: Falcon deep research report on CDH1
  findings:
  - statement: E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule that
      organizes epithelial tissue architecture via homophilic adhesion, supporting
      epithelial integrity and polarity.
    supporting_text: E‑cadherin is a **calcium-dependent cell–cell adhesion molecule**
      that organizes epithelial tissue architecture by mediating **homophilic adhesion**
      and supporting epithelial integrity and polarity
  - statement: The E-cadherin ectodomain is composed of five extracellular cadherin
      repeats (EC1-EC5) containing calcium-binding sites that rigidify the ectodomain
      for adhesion.
    supporting_text: extracellular portion contains **five cadherin repeats (EC1–EC5)**
      with **calcium-binding sites**
  - statement: Homophilic adhesion proceeds through an EC1-mediated X-dimer intermediate
      to a stable strand-swapped dimer in which a tryptophan from one EC1 inserts
      into the hydrophobic pocket of the opposing EC1.
    supporting_text: '**homophilic trans-binding** is driven primarily by the **EC1
      domain** and proceeds through an **X-dimer intermediate** followed by formation
      of a stable **strand-swapped dimer**, in which a **tryptophan side chain from
      one EC1 inserts into a hydrophobic pocket** of the opposing EC1'
  - statement: In epithelia, E-cadherin is enriched at the plasma membrane and concentrates
      at adherens junctions, where it maintains epithelial sheet cohesion and tissue
      architecture.
    supporting_text: In epithelia, E‑cadherin is enriched at the **plasma membrane**
      and concentrates at **adherens junctions** where it contributes to epithelial
      sheet cohesion and tissue architecture
  - statement: The E-cadherin cytoplasmic tail is anchored to the actin cytoskeleton
      through beta-catenin and alpha-catenin, enabling transmission of actomyosin
      forces across junctions.
    supporting_text: Experimental/biophysical synthesis emphasizes anchoring through
      **β‑catenin and α‑catenin**, enabling transmission of actomyosin forces across
      junctions
  - statement: E-cadherin also interacts with p120-catenin, and changes in E-cadherin
      availability can alter beta-catenin and p120-catenin signaling states.
    supporting_text: Broader mechanistic synthesis also highlights interaction with
      **p120‑catenin**, and how changes in E‑cadherin availability can alter β‑catenin
      and p120‑catenin signaling states
  - statement: Adherens junctions formed by E-cadherin act as a mechanosensitive scaffold,
      transmitting actomyosin-generated pulling forces via beta-catenin/alpha-catenin
      anchorage rather than functioning as static "glue".
    supporting_text: E‑cadherin-based adhesions transmit **actomyosin-generated pulling
      forces** through β‑catenin/α‑catenin anchorage, and junction stability can be
      limited by cytoskeletal anchorage rather than cadherin–cadherin binding strength
  - statement: Loss or downregulation of E-cadherin can release beta-catenin to permit
      nuclear translocation and Wnt pathway activation, and can alter RhoA/Rac1 signaling
      via redistribution of p120-catenin.
    supporting_text: a synthesis of cancer-related mechanisms describes that E‑cadherin
      loss can permit **β‑catenin nuclear translocation** with **Wnt pathway activation**
      (samardali2025acomprehensiveliterature pages 7-8). The same synthesis notes
      that redistribution of **p120‑catenin** can influence **RhoA/Rac1** signaling
  - statement: EMT programs repress E-cadherin, and this loss contributes to invasion
      and metastasis; E-cadherin downregulation is a hallmark of EMT and cancer cell
      motility changes.
    supporting_text: EMT programs repress E‑cadherin and that such loss contributes
      to invasion and metastasis
  - statement: Germline CDH1 pathogenic variants are a primary cause of hereditary
      diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), with clinical management historically including
      prophylactic total gastrectomy.
    supporting_text: Germline **CDH1 pathogenic variants** are a primary cause of
      **HDGC**, and clinical management has historically included **prophylactic total
      gastrectomy (PTG)**
  - statement: E-cadherin loss is necessary but not sufficient for invasive progression;
      invasion in HDGC models emerges from the interplay between defective cell-cell
      junctions, ECM attachment, and 3D tissue architecture.
    supporting_text: invasion in HDGC models emerges from interplay between **defective
      cell-cell junctions**, **ECM attachment**, and **3D tissue architecture**, rather
      than from loss of adhesion alone
  - statement: E-cadherin can undergo proteolytic cleavage/shedding, generating soluble
      E-cadherin fragments; cleavage releases junctional restraint and can free beta-catenin.
    supporting_text: E-cadherin can undergo **proteolytic cleavage/shedding**, generating
      **soluble E-cadherin fragments**; cleavage releases junctional restraint and
      can free β-catenin
- id: PMID:7806582
  title: "E-cadherin and APC compete for the interaction with beta-catenin and the cytoskeleton."
  findings: []
- id: PMID:2349235
  title: "Uvomorulin-catenin complex formation is regulated by a specific domain in the cytoplasmic region of the cell adhesion molecule."
  findings: []
- id: PMID:3498123
  title: "Transformation of cell adhesion properties by exogenously introduced E-cadherin cDNA."
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20190754
  title: "Two-step adhesive binding by classical cadherins."
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23643492
  title: "E-cadherin supports steady-state Rho signaling at the epithelial zonula adherens."
  findings: []
core_functions:
- description: E-cadherin engages in calcium-dependent homophilic trans-interaction
    with E-cadherin molecules on adjacent epithelial cells through its five extracellular
    cadherin (EC) repeats. This homophilic binding is the molecular basis of E-cadherin-mediated
    cell-cell adhesion and the nucleation of adherens junctions.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-uniprot.txt
    supporting_text: They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic
      manner in connecting cells
  - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-manual.md
    supporting_text: EC1 domains of each protomer closely interact and symmetrically
      exchange their N-terminal β-strands, which contain a conserved tryptophan residue,
      Trp2; trans interactions are sufficient to mediate aggregation, while cis interactions
      are further required for assembly of junctions
  - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
    supporting_text: '**homophilic trans-binding** is driven primarily by the **EC1
      domain** and proceeds through an **X-dimer intermediate** followed by formation
      of a stable **strand-swapped dimer**, in which a **tryptophan side chain from
      one EC1 inserts into a hydrophobic pocket** of the opposing EC1'
  locations:
  - id: GO:0016328
    label: lateral plasma membrane
  - id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0007156
    label: homophilic cell-cell adhesion
- description: The C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin binds beta-catenin
    (and gamma-catenin/plakoglobin), forming the cadherin-catenin complex. This complex
    couples E-cadherin to the cortical actin cytoskeleton via alpha-catenin, mechanically
    linking cell-cell adhesion to the cytoskeleton and stabilizing adherens junctions.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0008013
    label: beta-catenin binding
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-uniprot.txt
    supporting_text: beta-catenin/CTNNB1 or gamma-catenin/JUP
  - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
    supporting_text: Experimental/biophysical synthesis emphasizes anchoring through
      **β‑catenin and α‑catenin**, enabling transmission of actomyosin forces across
      junctions
  locations:
  - id: GO:0016328
    label: lateral plasma membrane
  - id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0034332
    label: adherens junction organization
- description: The juxtamembrane domain of E-cadherin's cytoplasmic tail binds p120-catenin
    (CTNND1/delta-catenin) at a site distinct from the C-terminal beta-catenin-binding domain.
    p120-catenin binding masks a dileucine endocytic motif and stabilizes E-cadherin at the
    plasma membrane, thereby controlling cadherin surface levels, turnover, and adhesion
    strength.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0070097
    label: delta-catenin binding
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: PMID:15240885
    supporting_text: The binding of p120 ctn to the juxtamembrane region of E-cadherin
      has been shown to mediate stronger cell-cell adhesion and to support resistance
      to detachment of cells
  - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-uniprot.txt
    supporting_text: Interacts with CTNND1
  - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-manual.md
    supporting_text: the juxtamembrane domain binds CTNND1
  locations:
  - id: GO:0016328
    label: lateral plasma membrane
  - id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0034332
    label: adherens junction organization
- description: Calcium ions bind at the linker regions between E-cadherin's extracellular
    cadherin repeats, rigidifying the ectodomain into the conformation required for
    homophilic trans-adhesion; cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion is strictly calcium-dependent.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0005509
    label: calcium ion binding
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-uniprot.txt
    supporting_text: Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins
  - reference_id: file:human/CDH1/CDH1-deep-research-falcon.md
    supporting_text: extracellular portion contains **five cadherin repeats (EC1–EC5)**
      with **calcium-binding sites**
  locations:
  - id: GO:0016328
    label: lateral plasma membrane
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0007156
    label: homophilic cell-cell adhesion