CDK1

UniProt ID: P06493
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1, also known as CDC2/p34cdc2) is the essential and universally conserved serine/threonine kinase that drives the G2/M transition and mitotic progression in all eukaryotes. CDK1 is unique among CDKs in being absolutely required for cell division in mammals. The active holoenzyme consists of CDK1 bound to cyclin B1 (principally) or cyclin A, with CKS1/2 serving as phospho-adaptors that promote multisite substrate phosphorylation. CDK1 activity is tightly regulated through activating phosphorylation at Thr161 by CAK (CDK7-cyclin H) and inhibitory phosphorylation at Thr14 and Tyr15 by WEE1 and PKMYT1, which is reversed by CDC25 phosphatases at mitotic entry. CDK1 phosphorylates substrates on S/T-P motifs and has over 1000 documented substrates, including lamins (nuclear envelope breakdown), condensins (chromosome condensation), and numerous mitotic machinery proteins. As a master regulator of cell division, CDK1 has been documented to phosphorylate many proteins involved in diverse processes beyond mitosis (transcription, metabolism, organelle dynamics), but its core evolved function is as the essential mitotic kinase

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005634 nucleus
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleus during G2 and at mitotic entry. CDK1-cyclin B complexes shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus, with activation detected at centrosomes and then across nuclear compartments at nuclear envelope breakdown.
Reason: Nuclear localization is well-established and essential for CDK1 function in regulating nuclear substrates including lamins. The IBA annotation is phylogenetically supported across diverse eukaryotes.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CDK1/CDK1-deep-research-falcon.md
model: Edison Scientific Literature
GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is THE essential kinase for G2/M transition - the defining core function of this protein. CDK1 drives the bistable switch into mitosis through phosphorylation of numerous mitotic substrates.
Reason: This is the canonical, essential function of CDK1. CDK1 is uniquely essential among CDKs for mammalian cell cycle progression and specifically drives G2/M transition. The IBA annotation reflects deeply conserved function across all eukaryotes.
GO:0000307 cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 functions as part of a holoenzyme complex with cyclin partners (principally cyclin B1, also cyclin A) and CKS subunits (CKS1/2) that act as phospho-adaptors.
Reason: CDK1 requires cyclin binding for activity - this is fundamental to its function. The holoenzyme complex is the active form of the kinase.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a prototypical cyclin-dependent kinase with serine/threonine kinase activity (EC 2.7.11.22/23). It requires cyclin binding for catalytic activity and phosphorylates S/T-P motifs.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1. The enzyme activity is well-characterized biochemically with defined substrate specificity for S/T-P motifs.
GO:0007095 mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 activity is the target of the G2 DNA damage checkpoint. The checkpoint operates through inhibition of CDC25 phosphatases and activation of WEE1/PKMYT1, which maintain CDK1 in an inactive, phosphorylated state.
Reason: CDK1 is central to G2 checkpoint signaling as its activity is the regulated output of the checkpoint pathway. DNA damage prevents CDC25-mediated activation of CDK1.
GO:0006338 chromatin remodeling
IEA
GO_REF:0000108
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates chromatin-associated proteins during mitosis as part of chromosome condensation. However, CDK1 is not a dedicated chromatin remodeler - this is a downstream consequence of its mitotic role.
Reason: While CDK1 does phosphorylate chromatin-associated substrates, this is part of its broader role in mitotic progression rather than a core chromatin remodeling function.
GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IEA
GO_REF:0000108
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 can phosphorylate the RNA Pol II CTD, but this is not its core function. CDK1's transcriptional regulation role is largely through mitotic transcriptional shutdown.
Reason: CDK1 phosphorylation of RNA Pol II CTD and transcriptional regulators occurs but is peripheral to its core cell cycle function.
GO:0046718 symbiont entry into host cell
IEA
GO_REF:0000108
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This appears to be derived from CDK1 role in viral infection processes. CDK1 may be exploited by viruses but this is not an evolved function.
Reason: Viral exploitation of host cell cycle machinery does not represent an evolved function of CDK1. This annotation conflates pathogen hijacking with host protein function.
GO:0000166 nucleotide binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 binds ATP as a substrate for its kinase activity. This is a generic annotation that follows from having kinase activity.
Reason: While true, this is a very general annotation implied by the kinase activity. The more specific ATP binding term is more informative.
GO:0001618 virus receptor activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
REMOVE
Summary: This annotation appears to be based on UniProt keywords. CDK1 is not a virus receptor in the canonical sense - viruses may exploit CDK1 function but it is not a cell surface receptor for viral entry.
Reason: CDK1 is an intracellular kinase, not a virus receptor. This annotation is misleading and likely results from misinterpretation of CDK1's role in viral replication cycles.
GO:0004672 protein kinase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 has protein kinase activity. This is a parent term of the more specific cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Reason: True but generic. The more specific cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity terms are more informative.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0005524 ATP binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 binds ATP as a phosphate donor for its kinase activity. The ATP binding pocket is well-characterized structurally.
Reason: ATP binding is essential for CDK1 kinase activity. Structural data confirms the ATP binding site.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleus at G2 and during nuclear envelope breakdown.
Reason: Nuclear localization is well-established for CDK1-cyclin B complexes.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1-cyclin complexes are present in the cytoplasm and shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus.
Reason: Cytoplasmic localization is well-documented, particularly for CDK1-cyclin B complexes which are retained in cytoplasm until mitotic entry.
GO:0005739 mitochondrion
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1-cyclin B1 localizes to mitochondria and phosphorylates mitochondrial substrates including Complex I subunits to boost ATP synthesis at G2/M.
Reason: Mitochondrial localization of CDK1-cyclin B1 has been documented with functional roles in regulating mitochondrial respiration at cell cycle transitions.
GO:0005813 centrosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to centrosomes where it is first activated at mitotic entry and regulates centrosome maturation and separation.
Reason: Centrosomal localization is well-established and functionally important for CDK1 activation and mitotic spindle organization.
GO:0005819 spindle
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the mitotic spindle where it phosphorylates spindle-associated substrates to regulate spindle assembly and function.
Reason: Spindle localization is well-documented and functional for mitotic regulation.
GO:0006915 apoptotic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates apoptosis-related proteins including survivin (Thr34), caspase-9, and Bcl-2 family members as part of its extensive substratome. However, apoptosis is NOT a core function of CDK1. CDK1 phosphorylates survivin to maintain its anti-apoptotic activity during mitosis, preventing inappropriate cell death during cell division. This represents phosphorylation of apoptotic regulators during normal cell cycle, not an evolved apoptotic function.
Reason: This is the quintessential OVER-ANNOTATION. CDK1's core function is cell cycle control. The fact that CDK1 phosphorylates survivin and other apoptosis-related proteins among its 1000+ substrates does not make apoptosis its function. This is analogous to annotating a transcription factor to all processes involving its target genes. The 2023 Massacci review explicitly notes CDK1's apoptosis-related substrates as part of the expanded CDK1 substratome but this represents downstream effects of cell cycle kinase activity, not an evolved apoptotic function.
GO:0008353 RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat kinase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 can phosphorylate the RNA Pol II CTD. This activity has been demonstrated biochemically.
Reason: This is a documented enzymatic activity of CDK1, though not its primary function.
GO:0016301 kinase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a kinase. This is a very general parent term.
Reason: True but generic. More specific kinase activity terms are more informative.
GO:0016740 transferase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 has transferase activity (transfers phosphate groups). Very generic term.
Reason: True but very generic. Implied by kinase activity.
GO:0048511 rhythmic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 activity cycles with the cell cycle, which is a rhythmic process. CDK1 also has connections to circadian rhythm.
Reason: The cell cycle is rhythmic, and CDK1 has been implicated in circadian regulation, but rhythmic process is not the core function.
GO:0051301 cell division
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is essential for cell division. This is its core biological process.
Reason: Cell division is the core function of CDK1. It is the only CDK essential for mammalian cell division.
GO:0106310 protein serine kinase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000116
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates serine residues. More specifically it has cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Reason: True, CDK1 phosphorylates serine residues in S-P motifs.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:10373560
Overproduction of human Myt1 kinase induces a G2 cell cycle ...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10373560
Overproduction of human Myt1 kinase induces a G2 cell cycle delay by interfering with the intracellular trafficking of Cdc2-cyclin B1 complexes.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12612082
A novel RING finger protein, human enhancer of invasion 10, ...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12612082
A novel RING finger protein, human enhancer of invasion 10, alters mitotic progression through regulation of cyclin B levels.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15657067
Phosphotyrosine signaling networks in epidermal growth facto...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15657067
Epub 2005 Jan 17. Phosphotyrosine signaling networks in epidermal growth factor receptor overexpressing squamous carcinoma cells.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17283331
Death-effector domain-containing protein DEDD is an inhibito...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17283331
Death-effector domain-containing protein DEDD is an inhibitor of mitotic Cdk1/cyclin B1.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17349584
Fez1/Lzts1 absence impairs Cdk1/Cdc25C interaction during mi...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17349584
Fez1/Lzts1 absence impairs Cdk1/Cdc25C interaction during mitosis and predisposes mice to cancer development.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17681274
Cell death in leukemia: passenger protein regulation by topo...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17681274
Cell death in leukemia: passenger protein regulation by topoisomerase inhibitors.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18337751
cdc2-cyclin B regulates eEF2 kinase activity in a cell cycle...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18337751
cdc2-cyclin B regulates eEF2 kinase activity in a cell cycle- and amino acid-dependent manner.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18408765
CDK1 promotes cell proliferation and survival via phosphoryl...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18408765
CDK1 promotes cell proliferation and survival via phosphorylation and inhibition of FOXO1 transcription factor.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19879842
Regulation of MBK-2/DYRK by CDK-1 and the pseudophosphatases...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19879842
Regulation of MBK-2/DYRK by CDK-1 and the pseudophosphatases EGG-4 and EGG-5 during the oocyte-to-embryo transition.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20395957
New Cdc2 Tyr 4 phosphorylation by dsRNA-activated protein ki...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20395957
New Cdc2 Tyr 4 phosphorylation by dsRNA-activated protein kinase triggers Cdc2 polyubiquitination and G2 arrest under genotoxic stresses.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21041660
Cell division cycle 6, a mitotic substrate of polo-like kina...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21041660
Cell division cycle 6, a mitotic substrate of polo-like kinase 1, regulates chromosomal segregation mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and separase.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23543736
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) acts as a novel p...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23543736
2013 Mar 29. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) acts as a novel potentiator of cyclin-dependent kinases to enhance cell proliferation independently of its hydrolase activity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23602568
The protein interaction landscape of the human CMGC kinase g...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23602568
2013 Apr 18. The protein interaction landscape of the human CMGC kinase group.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23799914
Sulforaphane induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase via...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23799914
Sulforaphane induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase via the blockade of cyclin B1/CDC2 in human ovarian cancer cells.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24218572
CDK10/cyclin M is a protein kinase that controls ETS2 degrad...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24218572
CDK10/cyclin M is a protein kinase that controls ETS2 degradation and is deficient in STAR syndrome.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24358021
Polycomb protein SCML2 regulates the cell cycle by binding a...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24358021
2013 Dec 17. Polycomb protein SCML2 regulates the cell cycle by binding and modulating CDK/CYCLIN/p21 complexes.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24658140
The mammalian-membrane two-hybrid assay (MaMTH) for probing ...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24658140
The mammalian-membrane two-hybrid assay (MaMTH) for probing membrane-protein interactions in human cells.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25218637
RASSF1A-LATS1 signalling stabilizes replication forks by res...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25218637
Sep 14. RASSF1A-LATS1 signalling stabilizes replication forks by restricting CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of BRCA2.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25416956
A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network.
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25416956
A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25852190
Integrative analysis of kinase networks in TRAIL-induced apo...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25852190
Integrative analysis of kinase networks in TRAIL-induced apoptosis provides a source of potential targets for combination therapy.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26496610
A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organiz...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26496610
Oct 22. A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organized by stoichiometries and abundances.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:27626412
Sulforaphane, a Dietary Isothiocyanate, Induces Gβ‚‚/M Arrest ...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27626412
Sulforaphane, a Dietary Isothiocyanate, Induces Gβ‚‚/M Arrest in Cervical Cancer Cells through CyclinB1 Downregulation and GADD45Ξ²/CDC2 Association.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:27880917
Phenotypic and Interaction Profiling of the Human Phosphatas...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27880917
Phenotypic and Interaction Profiling of the Human Phosphatases Identifies Diverse Mitotic Regulators.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:28514442
Architecture of the human interactome defines protein commun...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28514442
Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:29128334
A Map of Human Mitochondrial Protein Interactions Linked to ...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29128334
2017 Nov 8. A Map of Human Mitochondrial Protein Interactions Linked to Neurodegeneration Reveals New Mechanisms of Redox Homeostasis and NF-ΞΊB Signaling.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:30833792
A protein-interaction network of interferon-stimulated genes...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30833792
Mar 4. A protein-interaction network of interferon-stimulated genes extends the innate immune system landscape.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:31980649
Extensive rewiring of the EGFR network in colorectal cancer ...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:31980649
Extensive rewiring of the EGFR network in colorectal cancer cells expressing transforming levels of KRAS(G13D).
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32707033
Kinase Interaction Network Expands Functional and Disease Ro...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32707033
2020 Jul 23. Kinase Interaction Network Expands Functional and Disease Roles of Human Kinases.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32814053
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32814053
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative Disease Proteins and Uncovers Widespread Protein Aggregation in Affected Brains.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:33037310
The sequence at Spike S1/S2 site enables cleavage by furin a...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:33037310
The sequence at Spike S1/S2 site enables cleavage by furin and phospho-regulation in SARS-CoV2 but not in SARS-CoV1 or MERS-CoV.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:33961781
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:33961781
2021 May 6. Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:34591612
A protein interaction landscape of breast cancer.
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:34591612
Oct 1. A protein interaction landscape of breast cancer.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:35271311
OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human ce...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:35271311
2022 Mar 11. OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:7815540
Simian virus 40 large T antigen affects the Saccharomyces ce...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:7815540
Simian virus 40 large T antigen affects the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle and interacts with p34CDC28.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:9001210
The human Myt1 kinase preferentially phosphorylates Cdc2 on ...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9001210
The human Myt1 kinase preferentially phosphorylates Cdc2 on threonine 14 and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:9988268
Human homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster lats tumour s...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9988268
Human homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster lats tumour suppressor modulates CDC2 activity.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 binds to chromatin during mitosis. This is consistent with its role in chromosome condensation and nuclear envelope breakdown.
Reason: Chromatin binding is documented and functionally relevant for CDK1's mitotic role.
GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1-cyclin B1 localization to mitochondrial matrix has been documented with roles in regulating ATP synthesis at G2/M.
Reason: Mitochondrial matrix localization has experimental support.
GO:0005829 cytosol
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0009636 response to toxic substance
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 expression/activity may change in response to toxic substances, but this is not a core function.
Reason: Responding to toxic substances is not a core evolved function of CDK1. This likely reflects cell cycle perturbation under stress conditions.
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 can regulate gene expression through phosphorylation of transcription factors and RNA Pol II CTD.
Reason: While CDK1 affects gene expression, this is not its core function.
GO:0014075 response to amine
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 involvement in response to amine is not a core function.
Reason: This is likely a downstream or indirect effect, not a core evolved function.
GO:0014823 response to activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Not a core function of CDK1.
Reason: This is not a core evolved function of CDK1.
GO:0030261 chromosome condensation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates condensin subunits to promote chromosome condensation during mitosis. This is part of its core mitotic function.
Reason: Chromosome condensation is a direct consequence of CDK1 activity on mitotic substrates including condensins.
GO:0030544 Hsp70 protein binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 may bind Hsp70 chaperones but this is not a core function.
Reason: Chaperone interactions are common for kinases but not a primary function.
GO:0035173 histone kinase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates histones including H1 and H3. This is part of mitotic chromatin regulation.
Reason: Histone phosphorylation by CDK1 is documented and functionally relevant for mitotic chromatin dynamics.
GO:0042307 positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates substrates that affect nuclear import, but this is not a core function.
Reason: Nuclear transport effects are downstream of CDK1's mitotic activity.
GO:0042542 response to hydrogen peroxide
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 involvement in oxidative stress response is not a core function.
Reason: This is not a core evolved function of CDK1.
GO:0045471 response to ethanol
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 involvement in ethanol response is not a core function.
Reason: This is not a core evolved function of CDK1.
GO:0045740 positive regulation of DNA replication
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 regulates replication origin licensing and S-phase entry, though CDK2 is more traditionally associated with S-phase.
Reason: DNA replication regulation is a secondary function; CDK1's primary role is G2/M transition.
GO:0046686 response to cadmium ion
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 involvement in cadmium response is not a core function.
Reason: This is not a core evolved function of CDK1.
GO:0046688 response to copper ion
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 involvement in copper response is not a core function.
Reason: This is not a core evolved function of CDK1.
GO:0048678 response to axon injury
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 involvement in axon injury response is not a core function.
Reason: This is not a core evolved function of CDK1.
GO:0055015 ventricular cardiac muscle cell development
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 is required for cell division during cardiac development, but cardiac muscle cell development per se is not a core function.
Reason: CDK1 is required for cell division in all tissues including heart, but cardiac development is not its core function.
GO:0060045 positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 drives cell division, including in cardiac muscle cells. However, this is not cardiac-specific function.
Reason: CDK1 drives cell division universally; annotating to specific tissue types represents over-annotation.
GO:0065003 protein-containing complex assembly
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 forms complexes with cyclins and CKS subunits, and phosphorylation of substrates can affect complex assembly.
Reason: CDK1 is part of complexes but general complex assembly is not its core function.
GO:0070301 cellular response to hydrogen peroxide
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 involvement in oxidative stress response is not a core function.
Reason: This is not a core evolved function of CDK1.
GO:0090166 Golgi disassembly
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates GRASP65/GM130 and other Golgi proteins to promote Golgi fragmentation during mitosis.
Reason: Golgi disassembly is a documented mitotic function mediated by CDK1 phosphorylation of Golgi structural proteins.
GO:0097472 cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 has cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity. This is its core molecular function.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:31279575
Phosphorylation of Ci/Gli by Fused Family Kinases Promotes H...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:31279575
2019 Jul 3. Phosphorylation of Ci/Gli by Fused Family Kinases Promotes Hedgehog Signaling.
GO:0045880 positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:31279575
Phosphorylation of Ci/Gli by Fused Family Kinases Promotes H...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylation of Ci/Gli promotes Hedgehog signaling. This is a documented substrate effect but not a core function.
Reason: While CDK1 can phosphorylate Hedgehog pathway components, this is not its core evolved function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:31279575
2019 Jul 3. Phosphorylation of Ci/Gli by Fused Family Kinases Promotes Hedgehog Signaling.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005829 cytosol
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-69275
ACCEPT
Summary: G2/M transition is THE core function of CDK1. It is uniquely required among all CDKs for mammalian cell division.
Reason: This is the canonical, essential function of CDK1.
GO:0016579 protein deubiquitination
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5688426
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 is not a deubiquitinase. This annotation likely reflects CDK1's role in a pathway involving deubiquitination, not direct activity.
Reason: CDK1 does not catalyze deubiquitination. This is an example of pathway annotation being misattributed to a participant.
GO:0070371 ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-110056
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 can phosphorylate MAP2K1 (MEK1) contributing to ERK cascade regulation, but this is not its core function.
Reason: While CDK1 can affect ERK signaling, this is not its primary evolved function.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-112342
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8940100
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-4088024
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5692755
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929514
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929532
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929535
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929717
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929719
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929720
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929721
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929884
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929904
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929935
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
NAS
PMID:17495531
Cyclin B and cyclin A confer different substrate recognition...
ACCEPT
Summary: G2/M transition is THE core function of CDK1. It is uniquely required among all CDKs for mammalian cell division.
Reason: This is the canonical, essential function of CDK1.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17495531
Cyclin B and cyclin A confer different substrate recognition properties on CDK2.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:22411829
M phase phosphorylation of the epigenetic regulator UHRF1 re...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22411829
M phase phosphorylation of the epigenetic regulator UHRF1 regulates its physical association with the deubiquitylase USP7 and stability.
GO:2000060 positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:22411829
M phase phosphorylation of the epigenetic regulator UHRF1 re...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylation of substrates can regulate their stability via ubiquitination.
Reason: While CDK1 phosphorylation can affect substrate ubiquitination and degradation, this is not its core evolved function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22411829
M phase phosphorylation of the epigenetic regulator UHRF1 regulates its physical association with the deubiquitylase USP7 and stability.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:23509069
MISP is a novel Plk1 substrate required for proper spindle o...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23509069
MISP is a novel Plk1 substrate required for proper spindle orientation and mitotic progression.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:40440427
ASB7 is a negative regulator of H3K9me3 homeostasis.
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:40440427
2025 May 29. ASB7 is a negative regulator of H3K9me3 homeostasis.
GO:0031397 negative regulation of protein ubiquitination
IDA
PMID:40440427
ASB7 is a negative regulator of H3K9me3 homeostasis.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylation can inhibit ubiquitination of some substrates.
Reason: Effects on substrate ubiquitination are downstream of kinase activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:40440427
2025 May 29. ASB7 is a negative regulator of H3K9me3 homeostasis.
GO:0120261 regulation of heterochromatin organization
IDA
PMID:40440427
ASB7 is a negative regulator of H3K9me3 homeostasis.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 affects heterochromatin organization through substrate phosphorylation.
Reason: Chromatin effects are downstream of CDK1's mitotic role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:40440427
2025 May 29. ASB7 is a negative regulator of H3K9me3 homeostasis.
GO:0000082 G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
NAS
PMID:1312467
Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 can participate in G1/S with cyclin A, though CDK2 is traditionally considered the main G1/S kinase.
Reason: CDK1 can compensate for CDK2 at G1/S, but G2/M is its primary function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:1312467
Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle.
GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
NAS
PMID:1312467
Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle.
ACCEPT
Summary: G2/M transition is THE core function of CDK1. It is uniquely required among all CDKs for mammalian cell division.
Reason: This is the canonical, essential function of CDK1.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:1312467
Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle.
GO:0000082 G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
IDA
PMID:11687586
RGC-32 increases p34CDC2 kinase activity and entry of aortic...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 can participate in G1/S with cyclin A, though CDK2 is traditionally considered the main G1/S kinase.
Reason: CDK1 can compensate for CDK2 at G1/S, but G2/M is its primary function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11687586
Oct 30. RGC-32 increases p34CDC2 kinase activity and entry of aortic smooth muscle cells into S-phase.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:25012651
Ki67 antigen contributes to the timely accumulation of prote...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25012651
Epub 2014 Jul 10. Ki67 antigen contributes to the timely accumulation of protein phosphatase 1Ξ³ on anaphase chromosomes.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:32491969
Multisite phosphorylation determines the formation of Ska-Nd...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32491969
2020 Jun 3. Multisite phosphorylation determines the formation of Ska-Ndc80 macro-complexes that are essential for chromosome segregation during mitosis.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:31804178
Molecular determinants of the Ska-Ndc80 interaction and thei...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:31804178
Molecular determinants of the Ska-Ndc80 interaction and their influence on microtubule tracking and force-coupling.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:28479321
Ska3 Phosphorylated by Cdk1 Binds Ndc80 and Recruits Ska to ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28479321
Epub 2017 May 4. Ska3 Phosphorylated by Cdk1 Binds Ndc80 and Recruits Ska to Kinetochores to Promote Mitotic Progression.
GO:0034501 protein localization to kinetochore
IMP
PMID:28479321
Ska3 Phosphorylated by Cdk1 Binds Ndc80 and Recruits Ska to ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylation promotes localization of proteins to kinetochores.
Reason: Kinetochore function is part of CDK1's core mitotic role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28479321
Epub 2017 May 4. Ska3 Phosphorylated by Cdk1 Binds Ndc80 and Recruits Ska to Kinetochores to Promote Mitotic Progression.
GO:1902423 regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore
IDA
PMID:28479321
Ska3 Phosphorylated by Cdk1 Binds Ndc80 and Recruits Ska to ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 regulates kinetochore-microtubule attachment through Ska phosphorylation.
Reason: This is part of CDK1's core mitotic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28479321
Epub 2017 May 4. Ska3 Phosphorylated by Cdk1 Binds Ndc80 and Recruits Ska to Kinetochores to Promote Mitotic Progression.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:19202191
Human CtIP mediates cell cycle control of DNA end resection ...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19202191
2009 Feb 7. Human CtIP mediates cell cycle control of DNA end resection and double strand break repair.
GO:0006974 DNA damage response
IDA
PMID:19202191
Human CtIP mediates cell cycle control of DNA end resection ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates CtIP to control DNA end resection, linking cell cycle to DNA repair. This is a documented function though secondary to mitotic control.
Reason: DNA damage response is linked to CDK1 through CtIP phosphorylation, but the primary function remains cell cycle control.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19202191
2009 Feb 7. Human CtIP mediates cell cycle control of DNA end resection and double strand break repair.
GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
IDA
PMID:30139873
An intrinsic S/G(2) checkpoint enforced by ATR.
ACCEPT
Summary: G2/M transition is THE core function of CDK1. It is uniquely required among all CDKs for mammalian cell division.
Reason: This is the canonical, essential function of CDK1.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30139873
An intrinsic S/G(2) checkpoint enforced by ATR.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:30139873
An intrinsic S/G(2) checkpoint enforced by ATR.
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30139873
An intrinsic S/G(2) checkpoint enforced by ATR.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:37788673
ATR promotes clearance of damaged DNA and damaged cells by r...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:37788673
Epub 2023 Oct 2. ATR promotes clearance of damaged DNA and damaged cells by rupturing micronuclei.
GO:0007077 mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly
IDA
PMID:2188730
Identification of cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation sites...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates nuclear lamins to promote nuclear envelope breakdown. Classic CDK1 function demonstrated in foundational studies.
Reason: Nuclear envelope breakdown via lamin phosphorylation is a canonical CDK1 function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:2188730
Identification of cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation sites on nuclear lamin C.
GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
IDA
PMID:2188730
Identification of cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation sites...
ACCEPT
Summary: G2/M transition is THE core function of CDK1. It is uniquely required among all CDKs for mammalian cell division.
Reason: This is the canonical, essential function of CDK1.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:2188730
Identification of cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation sites on nuclear lamin C.
GO:0000086 G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
IDA
PMID:2344612
Mutations of phosphorylation sites in lamin A that prevent n...
ACCEPT
Summary: G2/M transition is THE core function of CDK1. It is uniquely required among all CDKs for mammalian cell division.
Reason: This is the canonical, essential function of CDK1.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:2344612
Mutations of phosphorylation sites in lamin A that prevent nuclear lamina disassembly in mitosis.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:2188730
Identification of cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation sites...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:2188730
Identification of cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation sites on nuclear lamin C.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:2344612
Mutations of phosphorylation sites in lamin A that prevent n...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:2344612
Mutations of phosphorylation sites in lamin A that prevent nuclear lamina disassembly in mitosis.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:34741373
CDK1/FBXW7 facilitates degradation and ubiquitination of MLS...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:34741373
CDK1/FBXW7 facilitates degradation and ubiquitination of MLST8 to inhibit progression of renal cell carcinoma.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9836184
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:34734636
Mitotic chromosome condensation requires phosphorylation of ...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:34734636
Dec 2. Mitotic chromosome condensation requires phosphorylation of the centromeric protein KNL-2 in C.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:10791892
Ser787 in the proline-rich region of human MAP4 is a critica...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10791892
Ser787 in the proline-rich region of human MAP4 is a critical phosphorylation site that reduces its activity to promote tubulin polymerization.
GO:1902850 microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis
IDA
PMID:10791892
Ser787 in the proline-rich region of human MAP4 is a critica...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates MAP4 and other microtubule-associated proteins to regulate microtubule dynamics during mitosis.
Reason: This is part of CDK1's core mitotic function - regulating the microtubule cytoskeleton for spindle assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10791892
Ser787 in the proline-rich region of human MAP4 is a critical phosphorylation site that reduces its activity to promote tubulin polymerization.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:26829474
Acetylation of Aurora B by TIP60 ensures accurate chromosoma...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26829474
Feb 1. Acetylation of Aurora B by TIP60 ensures accurate chromosomal segregation.
GO:0062033 positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation
IDA
PMID:26829474
Acetylation of Aurora B by TIP60 ensures accurate chromosoma...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 promotes chromosome segregation through various substrates including effects on Aurora B.
Reason: Sister chromatid segregation is part of CDK1's core mitotic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26829474
Feb 1. Acetylation of Aurora B by TIP60 ensures accurate chromosomal segregation.
GO:0016301 kinase activity
IDA
PMID:28575661
RECQ5 Helicase Cooperates with MUS81 Endonuclease in Process...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a kinase. This is a very general parent term.
Reason: True but generic. More specific kinase activity terms are more informative.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28575661
RECQ5 Helicase Cooperates with MUS81 Endonuclease in Processing Stalled Replication Forks at Common Fragile Sites during Mitosis.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:25753036
Cdk1 phosphorylates SPAT-1/Bora to trigger PLK-1 activation ...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25753036
Mar 9. Cdk1 phosphorylates SPAT-1/Bora to trigger PLK-1 activation and drive mitotic entry in C.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:7588608
ERF: an ETS domain protein with strong transcriptional repre...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:7588608
ERF: an ETS domain protein with strong transcriptional repressor activity, can suppress ets-associated tumorigenesis and is regulated by phosphorylation during cell cycle and mitogenic stimulation.
GO:0004672 protein kinase activity
IDA
PMID:23574715
The novel actin/focal adhesion-associated protein MISP is in...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 has protein kinase activity. This is a parent term of the more specific cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Reason: True but generic. The more specific cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity terms are more informative.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23574715
The novel actin/focal adhesion-associated protein MISP is involved in mitotic spindle positioning in human cells.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23509069
MISP is a novel Plk1 substrate required for proper spindle o...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23509069
MISP is a novel Plk1 substrate required for proper spindle orientation and mitotic progression.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:27238018
Circadian Amplitude Regulation via FBXW7-Targeted REV-ERBΞ± D...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27238018
May 26. Circadian Amplitude Regulation via FBXW7-Targeted REV-ERBΞ± Degradation.
GO:0018107 peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
IMP
PMID:27238018
Circadian Amplitude Regulation via FBXW7-Targeted REV-ERBΞ± D...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates threonine residues. This is consistent with its S/T kinase activity.
Reason: Consistent with core kinase activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27238018
May 26. Circadian Amplitude Regulation via FBXW7-Targeted REV-ERBΞ± Degradation.
GO:0042752 regulation of circadian rhythm
IMP
PMID:27238018
Circadian Amplitude Regulation via FBXW7-Targeted REV-ERBΞ± D...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylation of REV-ERBalpha affects circadian rhythm. This is a documented but non-core function.
Reason: Circadian regulation is a documented function but not the core evolved purpose of CDK1.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27238018
May 26. Circadian Amplitude Regulation via FBXW7-Targeted REV-ERBΞ± Degradation.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:23601106
The retroviral restriction ability of SAMHD1, but not its de...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23601106
The retroviral restriction ability of SAMHD1, but not its deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase activity, is regulated by phosphorylation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23601106
The retroviral restriction ability of SAMHD1, but not its de...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23601106
The retroviral restriction ability of SAMHD1, but not its deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase activity, is regulated by phosphorylation.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:15767402
Human papillomavirus type 16 E1 E4-induced G2 arrest is asso...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleus at G2 and during nuclear envelope breakdown.
Reason: Nuclear localization is well-established for CDK1-cyclin B complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15767402
Human papillomavirus type 16 E1 E4-induced G2 arrest is associated with cytoplasmic retention of active Cdk1/cyclin B1 complexes.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:15767402
Human papillomavirus type 16 E1 E4-induced G2 arrest is asso...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1-cyclin complexes are present in the cytoplasm and shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus.
Reason: Cytoplasmic localization is well-documented, particularly for CDK1-cyclin B complexes which are retained in cytoplasm until mitotic entry.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15767402
Human papillomavirus type 16 E1 E4-induced G2 arrest is associated with cytoplasmic retention of active Cdk1/cyclin B1 complexes.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IMP
PMID:24746669
Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cel...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24746669
2014 Apr 17. Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cell-cycle G2/M progression.
GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix
IDA
PMID:24746669
Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cel...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1-cyclin B1 localization to mitochondrial matrix has been documented with roles in regulating ATP synthesis at G2/M.
Reason: Mitochondrial matrix localization has experimental support.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24746669
2014 Apr 17. Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cell-cycle G2/M progression.
GO:0010971 positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
IMP
PMID:24746669
Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cel...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 promotes G2/M transition - this is its core function.
Reason: Core function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24746669
2014 Apr 17. Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cell-cycle G2/M progression.
GO:0030332 cyclin binding
IPI
PMID:24746669
Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cel...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 binds cyclins (A and B). This is essential for its activity.
Reason: Cyclin binding is essential for CDK1 function. More informative than generic protein binding.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24746669
2014 Apr 17. Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cell-cycle G2/M progression.
GO:0097125 cyclin B1-CDK1 complex
IMP
PMID:24746669
Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cel...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 forms complex with cyclin B1. This is the active holoenzyme.
Reason: The cyclin B1-CDK1 complex is the principal active form of CDK1 in mitosis.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24746669
2014 Apr 17. Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cell-cycle G2/M progression.
GO:1905448 positive regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
IMP
PMID:24746669
Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cel...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1-cyclin B1 phosphorylates mitochondrial substrates to boost ATP production at G2/M. This coordinates energy metabolism with cell cycle.
Reason: While documented, metabolic regulation is a secondary function that supports the primary cell cycle role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24746669
2014 Apr 17. Cyclin B1/Cdk1 coordinates mitochondrial respiration for cell-cycle G2/M progression.
GO:0000307 cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
IDA
PMID:1312467
Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle.
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 functions as part of the CDK holoenzyme complex with cyclins.
Reason: CDK1 requires cyclin binding for activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:1312467
Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle.
GO:0097472 cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
IDA
PMID:1312467
Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle.
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 has cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity. This is its core molecular function.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:1312467
Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle.
GO:0030332 cyclin binding
IPI
PMID:1312467
Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle.
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 binds cyclins (A and B). This is essential for its activity.
Reason: Cyclin binding is essential for CDK1 function. More informative than generic protein binding.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:1312467
Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8940100
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 may localize to ER membrane in some contexts.
Reason: ER-associated CDK1 has been documented.
GO:0030332 cyclin binding
IDA
PMID:7739547
Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 binds cyclins (A and B). This is essential for its activity.
Reason: Cyclin binding is essential for CDK1 function. More informative than generic protein binding.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:7739547
Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26808496
Comparative Proteomics Reveals Important Viral-Host Interact...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26808496
eCollection 2016. Comparative Proteomics Reveals Important Viral-Host Interactions in HCV-Infected Human Liver Cells.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:27030108
Phosphorylation of EB2 by Aurora B and CDK1 ensures mitotic ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27030108
Phosphorylation of EB2 by Aurora B and CDK1 ensures mitotic progression and genome stability.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:21871177
Ribosomal protein S3 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cdc2 during G...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21871177
Ribosomal protein S3 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cdc2 during G2/M phase.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21871177
Ribosomal protein S3 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cdc2 during G...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21871177
Ribosomal protein S3 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cdc2 during G2/M phase.
GO:0035173 histone kinase activity
IDA
PMID:21871177
Ribosomal protein S3 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cdc2 during G...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates histones including H1 and H3. This is part of mitotic chromatin regulation.
Reason: Histone phosphorylation by CDK1 is documented and functionally relevant for mitotic chromatin dynamics.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21871177
Ribosomal protein S3 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cdc2 during G2/M phase.
GO:1900182 positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus
IMP
PMID:21871177
Ribosomal protein S3 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cdc2 during G...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylation can regulate nuclear localization of substrates.
Reason: Downstream effect of kinase activity on specific substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21871177
Ribosomal protein S3 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/cdc2 during G2/M phase.
GO:0090166 Golgi disassembly
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates GRASP65/GM130 and other Golgi proteins to promote Golgi fragmentation during mitosis.
Reason: Golgi disassembly is a documented mitotic function mediated by CDK1 phosphorylation of Golgi structural proteins.
GO:0000781 chromosome, telomeric region
HDA
PMID:19135898
Purification of proteins associated with specific genomic Lo...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 association with telomeric regions has been detected in high-throughput analysis.
Reason: Telomeric localization may be part of chromosome-associated functions but is not a core function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19135898
Purification of proteins associated with specific genomic Loci.
GO:0004672 protein kinase activity
IDA
PMID:22854038
Polo-like kinase is required for synaptonemal complex disass...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 has protein kinase activity. This is a parent term of the more specific cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Reason: True but generic. The more specific cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity terms are more informative.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22854038
Aug 1. Polo-like kinase is required for synaptonemal complex disassembly and phosphorylation in mouse spermatocytes.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:11298763
Molecular cloning of a mammalian nuclear phosphoprotein NUCK...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11298763
Molecular cloning of a mammalian nuclear phosphoprotein NUCKS, which serves as a substrate for Cdk1 in vivo.
GO:0016020 membrane
HDA
PMID:19946888
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 detected in membrane fraction in proteomic analysis.
Reason: Membrane association is not a core localization.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19946888
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
GO:0005813 centrosome
IDA
PMID:17488717
Mitotic regulation of SIRT2 by cyclin-dependent kinase 1-dep...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to centrosomes where it is first activated at mitotic entry and regulates centrosome maturation and separation.
Reason: Centrosomal localization is well-established and functionally important for CDK1 activation and mitotic spindle organization.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17488717
2007 May 8. Mitotic regulation of SIRT2 by cyclin-dependent kinase 1-dependent phosphorylation.
GO:0072686 mitotic spindle
IDA
PMID:17488717
Mitotic regulation of SIRT2 by cyclin-dependent kinase 1-dep...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to mitotic spindle.
Reason: Spindle localization is part of core mitotic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17488717
2007 May 8. Mitotic regulation of SIRT2 by cyclin-dependent kinase 1-dependent phosphorylation.
GO:0004674 protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:19879842
Regulation of MBK-2/DYRK by CDK-1 and the pseudophosphatases...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates S/T-P motifs. This is well-established biochemically.
Reason: Accurate but generic. The cyclin-dependent kinase activity term captures this more specifically.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19879842
Regulation of MBK-2/DYRK by CDK-1 and the pseudophosphatases EGG-4 and EGG-5 during the oocyte-to-embryo transition.
GO:0030855 epithelial cell differentiation
IEP
PMID:21492153
Analysis of proteomic changes induced upon cellular differen...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 expression changes during epithelial differentiation.
Reason: Expression changes during differentiation do not make differentiation a function of CDK1. CDK1 promotes proliferation, which decreases during differentiation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21492153
Analysis of proteomic changes induced upon cellular differentiation of the human intestinal cell line Caco-2.
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
HDA
PMID:19056867
Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exos...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 detected in exosomes in proteomic analysis.
Reason: Exosomal presence is not a core function or localization.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19056867
2008 Dec 3. Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170044
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170070
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170072
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170153
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170156
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170158
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170044
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170072
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170161
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170131
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174122
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174132
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174251
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2245218
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2294600
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-380278
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-4088024
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5195402
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5244669
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5692755
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6793661
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9009282
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929514
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929533
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929535
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929717
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929719
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929720
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929721
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929884
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929904
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929935
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-2434198
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-112342
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170126
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170131
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174104
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174120
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174157
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174171
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174227
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174255
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2468287
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2468293
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2984220
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2990882
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-4086410
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9624800
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929532
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929533
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-2422970
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170076
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170087
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170088
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleoplasm. Consistent with its nuclear functions.
Reason: Nucleoplasm localization is well-established for CDK1.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170055
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170057
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170088
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170116
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2574840
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2574845
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3000310
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3000319
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-380272
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-380283
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-380294
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-380303
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-380311
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-380316
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-380455
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-380508
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5617816
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626220
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626223
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626227
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626228
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626681
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5626699
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5638009
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6803875
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8853405
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8853419
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9928875
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9928887
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the cytosol. Well-established localization.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is well-documented.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:11687586
RGC-32 increases p34CDC2 kinase activity and entry of aortic...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11687586
Oct 30. RGC-32 increases p34CDC2 kinase activity and entry of aortic smooth muscle cells into S-phase.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:18477460
Myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1 regulates mitosis by ...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18477460
Myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1 regulates mitosis by antagonizing polo-like kinase 1.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15148369
Role of Polo-like kinase in the degradation of early mitotic...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15148369
Role of Polo-like kinase in the degradation of early mitotic inhibitor 1, a regulator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18477460
Myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1 regulates mitosis by ...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18477460
Myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1 regulates mitosis by antagonizing polo-like kinase 1.
GO:0000226 microtubule cytoskeleton organization
TAS
PMID:21655336
Checkpoint recovery in cells: how a molecular understanding ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 regulates microtubule cytoskeleton organization during mitosis.
Reason: Part of core mitotic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21655336
Checkpoint recovery in cells: how a molecular understanding can help in the fight against cancer.
GO:0005739 mitochondrion
TAS
PMID:19917720
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 phosphorylat...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1-cyclin B1 localizes to mitochondria and phosphorylates mitochondrial substrates including Complex I subunits to boost ATP synthesis at G2/M.
Reason: Mitochondrial localization of CDK1-cyclin B1 has been documented with functional roles in regulating mitochondrial respiration at cell cycle transitions.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19917720
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 phosphorylation acts as a functional link coupling mitotic arrest and apoptosis.
GO:0006260 DNA replication
TAS
PMID:21655336
Checkpoint recovery in cells: how a molecular understanding ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 has roles in DNA replication origin licensing, though CDK2 is traditionally the S-phase CDK.
Reason: DNA replication is a secondary function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21655336
Checkpoint recovery in cells: how a molecular understanding can help in the fight against cancer.
GO:0006281 DNA repair
TAS
PMID:21655336
Checkpoint recovery in cells: how a molecular understanding ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylates DNA repair proteins including CtIP.
Reason: DNA repair effects are through substrate phosphorylation, not a core function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21655336
Checkpoint recovery in cells: how a molecular understanding can help in the fight against cancer.
GO:0007098 centrosome cycle
TAS
PMID:19364923
The decision to enter mitosis: feedback and redundancy in th...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 regulates centrosome maturation and separation.
Reason: Centrosome regulation is part of core mitotic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19364923
Apr 13. The decision to enter mitosis: feedback and redundancy in the mitotic entry network.
GO:0007344 pronuclear fusion
TAS
PMID:21535261
Cdc2: a monopotent or pluripotent CDK?
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 involvement in pronuclear fusion is documented.
Reason: This is a specialized cell type-specific function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21535261
Cdc2: a monopotent or pluripotent CDK? Hu X(1), Moscinski LC.
GO:0014038 regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
TAS
PMID:17200138
Cdc2-mediated Schwann cell migration during peripheral nerve...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 affects Schwann cell migration and differentiation.
Reason: Cell type-specific differentiation effects are not core function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17200138
Jan 2. Cdc2-mediated Schwann cell migration during peripheral nerve regeneration.
GO:0016477 cell migration
TAS
PMID:17200138
Cdc2-mediated Schwann cell migration during peripheral nerve...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 affects cell migration in regenerating nerves.
Reason: Cell migration is not a core function of CDK1.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17200138
Jan 2. Cdc2-mediated Schwann cell migration during peripheral nerve regeneration.
GO:0045995 regulation of embryonic development
TAS
PMID:21535261
Cdc2: a monopotent or pluripotent CDK?
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CDK1 is required for cell division during embryonic development.
Reason: CDK1 is required for cell division in all contexts; embryonic development per se is not a specific function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21535261
Cdc2: a monopotent or pluripotent CDK? Hu X(1), Moscinski LC.
GO:0034501 protein localization to kinetochore
IDA
PMID:18195732
Cyclin B1 is localized to unattached kinetochores and contri...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylation promotes localization of proteins to kinetochores.
Reason: Kinetochore function is part of CDK1's core mitotic role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18195732
Cyclin B1 is localized to unattached kinetochores and contributes to efficient microtubule attachment and proper chromosome alignment during mitosis.
GO:0008353 RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat kinase activity
IDA
PMID:12721286
A novel RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain phosphatase that...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 can phosphorylate the RNA Pol II CTD. This activity has been demonstrated biochemically.
Reason: This is a documented enzymatic activity of CDK1, though not its primary function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12721286
2003 Apr 28. A novel RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain phosphatase that preferentially dephosphorylates serine 5.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:11574543
The G2/M regulator 14-3-3sigma prevents apoptosis through se...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11574543
2001 Sep 26. The G2/M regulator 14-3-3sigma prevents apoptosis through sequestration of Bax.
GO:0004693 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
IDA
PMID:11069302
Regulation of apoptosis at cell division by p34cdc2 phosphor...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the most appropriate molecular function term for CDK1. The enzyme requires cyclin binding for activity and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CDK1 and accurately describes its catalytic activity and cyclin-dependence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11069302
Regulation of apoptosis at cell division by p34cdc2 phosphorylation of survivin.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:11069302
Regulation of apoptosis at cell division by p34cdc2 phosphor...
REMOVE
Summary: Generic protein binding annotation from interaction study.
Reason: "Protein binding" is uninformative per GO curation guidelines. More specific molecular function terms should be used.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11069302
Regulation of apoptosis at cell division by p34cdc2 phosphorylation of survivin.
GO:0005876 spindle microtubule
IDA
PMID:11069302
Regulation of apoptosis at cell division by p34cdc2 phosphor...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1-survivin association on spindle microtubules.
Reason: Spindle localization is established.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11069302
Regulation of apoptosis at cell division by p34cdc2 phosphorylation of survivin.
GO:0030496 midbody
IDA
PMID:11069302
Regulation of apoptosis at cell division by p34cdc2 phosphor...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 detected at midbody in cytokinesis context.
Reason: Midbody localization during cytokinesis is consistent with mitotic function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11069302
Regulation of apoptosis at cell division by p34cdc2 phosphorylation of survivin.
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process
IDA
PMID:11069302
Regulation of apoptosis at cell division by p34cdc2 phosphor...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CDK1 phosphorylation of survivin maintains its anti-apoptotic function during mitosis. However, this represents CDK1 ensuring cell survival during division, not an evolved anti-apoptotic function.
Reason: CDK1 phosphorylates survivin to maintain cell viability during mitosis - this is part of ensuring successful cell division, not a dedicated anti-apoptotic function. Annotating CDK1 to apoptosis regulation conflates substrate effects with core function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11069302
Regulation of apoptosis at cell division by p34cdc2 phosphorylation of survivin.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:16109376
The bromodomain protein Brd4 is a positive regulatory compon...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 localizes to the nucleus at G2 and during nuclear envelope breakdown.
Reason: Nuclear localization is well-established for CDK1-cyclin B complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16109376
The bromodomain protein Brd4 is a positive regulatory component of P-TEFb and stimulates RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription.
GO:0004672 protein kinase activity
NAS
PMID:9001210
The human Myt1 kinase preferentially phosphorylates Cdc2 on ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CDK1 has protein kinase activity. This is a parent term of the more specific cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
Reason: True but generic. The more specific cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity terms are more informative.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9001210
The human Myt1 kinase preferentially phosphorylates Cdc2 on threonine 14 and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex.

Core Functions

CDK1 is the essential cyclin-dependent kinase for cell division. It forms holoenzyme complexes with cyclin B1 (principally) or cyclin A, and with CKS1/2 phospho-adaptors. CDK1 phosphorylates substrates on S/T-P motifs and drives the G2/M transition by phosphorylating over 1000 substrates including lamins, condensins, and numerous mitotic machinery proteins.

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Should CDK1 be annotated to apoptotic process given that it phosphorylates survivin and other apoptosis regulators? Review consensus is NO - this is over-annotation. CDK1 phosphorylates over 1000 substrates as part of its cell cycle function. Phosphorylating apoptosis regulators to maintain cell viability during division is not the same as having apoptosis as an evolved function.

Q: How should the extensive Reactome pathway annotations resulting in many duplicate localization terms be handled? Multiple Reactome pathway references for the same localization term create redundancy but add evidence.

Deep Research

Falcon

(CDK1-deep-research-falcon.md)

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