CUL3

UniProt ID: Q13618
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: INITIALIZED
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Gene Description

CUL3 is a cullin scaffold protein that forms CUL3-RBX1 cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes (CRL3). It bridges the RBX1/E2 ubiquitin-conjugating machinery with BTB/POZ-domain substrate-adaptor proteins (such as KEAP1, the KLHL family, KCTD family, SPOP, and RhoBTB proteins), enabling ubiquitination of adaptor-recruited substrates and, in many cases, their proteasome-mediated degradation. CRL3 activity is regulated by reversible neddylation/deneddylation of CUL3 and by the CAND1 and COP9 signalosome exchange machinery. Through its different substrate adaptors, CRL3 acts in the NRF2/KEAP1 oxidative-stress response, WNK-kinase-dependent renal electrolyte and blood-pressure homeostasis, mitotic progression and cytokinesis, cytoskeletal regulation, and many other substrate-specific processes.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005634 nucleus
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 has nuclear localization in some contexts.
Reason: Nuclear localization is plausible for CUL3, but the review treats it as a broad compartment annotation rather than a pathway-specific function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0160072 ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic transferase itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:0016567 protein ubiquitination
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
Reason: Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
GO:0031625 ubiquitin protein ligase binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
MODIFY
Summary: CUL3 is associated with ubiquitin ligase machinery, but the binding term is less informative than its scaffold activity.
Reason: The evidence supports CUL3 as the scaffold component of CRL3 ligase complexes; ubiquitin protein ligase binding is a lower-information proxy. The CRL3 complex cellular-component annotation should be handled separately rather than used as an MF replacement.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0000209 protein polyubiquitination
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes can mediate protein polyubiquitination.
Reason: Protein polyubiquitination is a proximal CRL3 output, while substrate-specific downstream effects should be curated separately.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
GO:0000278 mitotic cell cycle
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0000922 spindle pole
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for CUL3-adaptor biology.
Reason: Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 has nuclear localization in some contexts.
Reason: Nuclear localization is plausible for CUL3, but the review treats it as a broad compartment annotation rather than a pathway-specific function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 has cytoplasmic localization in some contexts.
Reason: Cytoplasmic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL scaffold function and should not be over-interpreted as a specific pathway output.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A pool of CUL3 localizes to the Golgi in the RhoBTB3-CUL3 adaptor context, so this localization is adaptor-specific rather than a core CUL3 cellular component.
Reason: Direct evidence (PMID:24145166) shows a RhoBTB3/CUL3/RBX1 ligase pool at the Golgi, so the Golgi annotation is retained as non-core and adaptor-specific, consistent with the IDA Golgi annotation for the same term.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24145166
a pool of CUL3 was detected on the Golgi, as previously shown (Singer et al., 1999), where it colocalizes with RhoBTB3 and GCC185 (Fig. 4 A).
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
GO:0005813 centrosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for CUL3-adaptor biology.
Reason: Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0005819 spindle
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for CUL3-adaptor biology.
Reason: Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0006511 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0006915 apoptotic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0006950 response to stress
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0007165 signal transduction
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0031461 cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0031514 motile cilium
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This subcellular-location IEA annotation places CUL3 in the motile cilium, but this is not an established core CUL3 cellular component.
Reason: CUL3 has a role in ciliogenesis through ubiquitin-proteasome control of axoneme extension (PMID:25270598), but a stable motile cilium localization is not supported as a core CUL3 cellular component. The Falcon synthesis cautions that specific organellar/cytoskeletal localizations require source-level confirmation before retention.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
GO:0031625 ubiquitin protein ligase binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: CUL3 is associated with ubiquitin ligase machinery, but the binding term is less informative than its scaffold activity.
Reason: The evidence supports CUL3 as the scaffold component of CRL3 ligase complexes; ubiquitin protein ligase binding is a lower-information proxy. The CRL3 complex cellular-component annotation should be handled separately rather than used as an MF replacement.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0098794 postsynapse
IEA
GO_REF:0000108
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This inter-ontology IEA annotation places CUL3 at the postsynapse, paired with the postsynaptic protein-catabolism process annotation, but it is not a core CUL3 location.
Reason: Postsynaptic localization is an adaptor/substrate-specific context (CRL3 contributes to postsynaptic protein turnover) rather than a core CUL3 cellular component. It may be valid in neuronal contexts but should not be promoted to a core CUL3 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12609982
TIP120A associates with cullins and modulates ubiquitin liga...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17543862
A Cul3-based E3 ligase removes Aurora B from mitotic chromos...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18775313
UBXD7 binds multiple ubiquitin ligases and implicates p97 in...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18850735
Characterization of the human COP9 signalosome complex using...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19427028
Cullin3-based polyubiquitination and p62-dependent aggregati...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19615732
Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction lands...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19617556
The human Dcn1-like protein DCNL3 promotes Cul3 neddylation ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20389280
The Cullin 3 substrate adaptor KLHL20 mediates DAPK ubiquiti...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20554658
Kelch-like homologue 9 mutation is associated with an early ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20562859
Network organization of the human autophagy system.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21145461
Dynamics of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase network revealed by...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21577200
Tumor-suppressor role for the SPOP ubiquitin ligase in signa...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21828050
Ubiquitin ligase activity of Cul3-KLHL7 protein is attenuate...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21988832
Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network o...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22466964
NEDD8 links cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase function to the p97...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22542517
KBTBD13 interacts with Cullin 3 to form a functional ubiquit...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22632832
Adaptor protein self-assembly drives the control of a cullin...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22939624
Quantitative analysis of HSP90-client interactions reveals p...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23563313
CCDC22 deficiency in humans blunts activation of proinflamma...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23665031
Disease-causing mutations in KLHL3 impair its effect on WNK4...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25416956
A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25502805
A massively parallel pipeline to clone DNA variants and exam...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25619834
KLHL39 suppresses colon cancer metastasis by blocking KLHL20...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25684205
CUL3-KBTBD6/KBTBD7 ubiquitin ligase cooperates with GABARAP ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26949739
Identification of Human Neuronal Protein Complexes Reveals B...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:27152988
The BTB domains of the potassium channel tetramerization dom...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:30190310
Dimerization quality control ensures neuronal development an...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:31515488
Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:31652307
Kelch-like protein 5-mediated ubiquitination of lysine 183 p...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32296183
A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32814053
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:33961781
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:34591642
A protein network map of head and neck cancer reveals PIK3CA...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:35512704
Systematic discovery of mutation-directed neo-protein-protei...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:37207277
Using brain cell-type-specific protein interactomes to inter...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:37788672
Cryo-EM structure of the KLHL22 E3 ligase bound to an oligom...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:38225382
Systematic discovery of protein interaction interfaces using...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:40205054
Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and func...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0001822 kidney development
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0006954 inflammatory response
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0007229 integrin-mediated signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0010467 gene expression
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0016567 protein ubiquitination
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
Reason: Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
GO:0017145 stem cell division
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0030163 protein catabolic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MODIFY
Summary: CUL3 participates in ubiquitin-dependent substrate catabolism rather than generic protein catabolism.
Reason: The more informative process term is ubiquitin-dependent or proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
GO:0030332 cyclin binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This ortholog-transferred IEA annotation reflects CRL3-mediated targeting of cyclin E for ubiquitination, but direct cyclin binding by CUL3 itself is not established.
Reason: Cyclin E is a CRL3 substrate (recruited via the RhoBTB3 adaptor at the Golgi; PMID:24145166 and PMID:10500095), but substrate recognition is mediated by the BTB adaptor rather than by direct CUL3 cyclin binding. Annotating CUL3 with cyclin binding over-attributes adaptor/substrate recognition to the scaffold.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24145166
RhoBTB3 is part of a CUL3–ubiquitin ligase complex on the Golgi that targets Cyclin E.
GO:0040016 embryonic cleavage
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: CUL3 self-association is plausible because CRL3 complexes adopt dimeric (2:2) architectures driven by BTB-adaptor dimerization, but this is a low-information binding term.
Reason: Structural studies show CRL3 complexes assemble as 2:2 dimers (a BTB-adaptor dimer recruiting two CUL3-RBX1 arms), so CUL3 molecules are present within a dimeric complex. However, identical protein binding is a generic term that does not capture the informative scaffold function and is retained only as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
structural/biochemical studies support **2:2 assemblies** (BTB dimer with two CUL3 arms) in CRL3 complexes
GO:0098978 glutamatergic synapse
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0140252 regulation protein catabolic process at postsynapse
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:22542517
KBTBD13 interacts with Cullin 3 to form a functional ubiquit...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:22632832
Adaptor protein self-assembly drives the control of a cullin...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:25684205
CUL3-KBTBD6/KBTBD7 ubiquitin ligase cooperates with GABARAP ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:26399832
Cell-fate determination by ubiquitin-dependent regulation of...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:29249570
Cullin 3-Based Ubiquitin Ligases as Master Regulators of Mam...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation, but this PMID is a review article and the IDA evidence code should be checked.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates. PMID:29249570 is a review article, so the process annotation can be retained but the IDA evidence code is suspicious and may represent an evidence-code mismatch with the accompanying NAS row.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:29249570
Cullin 3-Based Ubiquitin Ligases as Master Regulators of Mam...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:31898230
CRL3s: The BTB-CUL3-RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligases.
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:37628845
The Role of PIK3R1 in Metabolic Function and Insulin Sensiti...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:37788672
Cryo-EM structure of the KLHL22 E3 ligase bound to an oligom...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0160072 ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
IDA
PMID:19782033
Cullin mediates degradation of RhoA through evolutionarily c...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic transferase itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 has nucleoplasmic/nuclear localization in some contexts.
Reason: Nucleoplasmic localization is treated as a cautious cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0015630 microtubule cytoskeleton
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for CUL3-adaptor biology.
Reason: Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
IDA
PMID:24145166
Golgi-associated RhoBTB3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitylation...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct evidence places a RhoBTB3-CUL3 ubiquitin ligase pool at the Golgi, but this is adaptor-specific rather than a core CUL3 location.
Reason: PMID:24145166 supports a Golgi-localized RhoBTB3/CUL3/RBX1 complex involved in Cyclin E regulation. Retain the direct IDA annotation as non-core and adaptor-specific rather than treating Golgi localization as a general CUL3 cellular component.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24145166
RhoBTB3 is part of a CUL3–ubiquitin ligase complex on the Golgi that targets Cyclin E.
PMID:24145166
a pool of CUL3 was detected on the Golgi, as previously shown (Singer et al., 1999), where it colocalizes with RhoBTB3 and GCC185 (Fig. 4 A).
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:29769719
KLHL22 activates amino-acid-dependent mTORC1 signalling to p...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0160072 ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
IDA
PMID:15601839
BTB protein Keap1 targets antioxidant transcription factor N...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic transferase itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15107402
RhoBTB2 is a substrate of the mammalian Cul3 ubiquitin ligas...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0160072 ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
IDA
PMID:23453970
Impaired KLHL3-mediated ubiquitination of WNK4 causes human ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic transferase itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:35862218
ARMC5-CUL3 E3 ligase targets full-length SREBF in adrenocort...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:35687106
ARMC5 is part of an RPB1-specific ubiquitin ligase implicate...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:38225631
ARMC5 controls the degradation of most Pol II subunits, and ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:39504960
Redundant pathways for removal of defective RNA polymerase I...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:39667934
CRL3(ARMC5) ubiquitin ligase and Integrator phosphatase form...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:35687106
ARMC5 is part of an RPB1-specific ubiquitin ligase implicate...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:38225631
ARMC5 controls the degradation of most Pol II subunits, and ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:39504960
Redundant pathways for removal of defective RNA polymerase I...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:39667934
CRL3(ARMC5) ubiquitin ligase and Integrator phosphatase form...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0034599 cellular response to oxidative stress
IDA
PMID:15601839
BTB protein Keap1 targets antioxidant transcription factor N...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:15601839
BTB protein Keap1 targets antioxidant transcription factor N...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0071230 cellular response to amino acid stimulus
IDA
PMID:29769719
KLHL22 activates amino-acid-dependent mTORC1 signalling to p...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0160072 ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
IDA
PMID:29769719
KLHL22 activates amino-acid-dependent mTORC1 signalling to p...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic transferase itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:1904263 positive regulation of TORC1 signaling
IDA
PMID:29769719
KLHL22 activates amino-acid-dependent mTORC1 signalling to p...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:23453970
Impaired KLHL3-mediated ubiquitination of WNK4 causes human ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:27708159
Insulin resistance and diabetes caused by genetic or diet-in...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 has cytoplasmic localization in some contexts.
Reason: Cytoplasmic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL scaffold function and should not be over-interpreted as a specific pathway output.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0070936 protein K48-linked ubiquitination
IDA
PMID:27708159
Insulin resistance and diabetes caused by genetic or diet-in...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 complexes can mediate K48-linked ubiquitination in specific substrate contexts.
Reason: K48-linked ubiquitination is a supported CRL3 output when the source evidence demonstrates degradative ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0160072 ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
IDA
PMID:27708159
Insulin resistance and diabetes caused by genetic or diet-in...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic transferase itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:1900076 regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
IDA
PMID:27708159
Insulin resistance and diabetes caused by genetic or diet-in...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0032480 negative regulation of type I interferon production
IDA
PMID:36394357
XAF1 prevents hyperproduction of type I interferon upon vira...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0160072 ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
IDA
PMID:36394357
XAF1 prevents hyperproduction of type I interferon upon vira...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
Reason: This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic transferase itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IMP
PMID:25684205
CUL3-KBTBD6/KBTBD7 ubiquitin ligase cooperates with GABARAP ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0070936 protein K48-linked ubiquitination
IDA
PMID:25684205
CUL3-KBTBD6/KBTBD7 ubiquitin ligase cooperates with GABARAP ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 complexes can mediate K48-linked ubiquitination in specific substrate contexts.
Reason: K48-linked ubiquitination is a supported CRL3 output when the source evidence demonstrates degradative ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:25684205
CUL3-KBTBD6/KBTBD7 ubiquitin ligase cooperates with GABARAP ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:28169274
Armc5 deletion causes developmental defects and compromises ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:19617556
The human Dcn1-like protein DCNL3 promotes Cul3 neddylation ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This localization is not established as a core CUL3 cellular component in this review.
Reason: The synthesis supports CRL3 complex membership with cautious cytoplasm/nucleus localization; membrane, Golgi, exosome, sperm flagellum, or other specific locations require source-level confirmation before retention.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26906416
Characterization of the mammalian family of DCN-type NEDD8 E...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24192928
Oncogenic function of SCCRO5/DCUN1D5 requires its Neddylatio...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0000209 protein polyubiquitination
IDA
PMID:14528312
Targeting of protein ubiquitination by BTB-Cullin 3-Roc1 ubi...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes can mediate protein polyubiquitination.
Reason: Protein polyubiquitination is a proximal CRL3 output, while substrate-specific downstream effects should be curated separately.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:14528312
Targeting of protein ubiquitination by BTB-Cullin 3-Roc1 ubi...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:14528312
Targeting of protein ubiquitination by BTB-Cullin 3-Roc1 ubi...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0031625 ubiquitin protein ligase binding
IPI
PMID:14528312
Targeting of protein ubiquitination by BTB-Cullin 3-Roc1 ubi...
MODIFY
Summary: CUL3 is associated with ubiquitin ligase machinery, but the binding term is less informative than its scaffold activity.
Reason: The evidence supports CUL3 as the scaffold component of CRL3 ligase complexes; ubiquitin protein ligase binding is a lower-information proxy. The CRL3 complex cellular-component annotation should be handled separately rather than used as an MF replacement.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0051865 protein autoubiquitination
IDA
PMID:14528312
Targeting of protein ubiquitination by BTB-Cullin 3-Roc1 ubi...
UNDECIDED
Summary: The source supports Cul3-dependent ubiquitination by assembled BTB-Cul3-Roc1 ligases, but it is unclear whether this row represents CUL3 autoubiquitination specifically.
Reason: CUL3 is the scaffold in the tested ligase assemblies, while ubiquitin transfer is mediated by the assembled E3 complex. Source-level review is needed before retaining protein autoubiquitination as a direct CUL3 process annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14528312
Here, we show that Cul3, but not other cullins, binds directly to multiple BTB domains through a conserved amino-terminal domain.
PMID:14528312
In vitro, Cul3 promoted ubiquitination of Caenorhabditis elegans MEI-1, a katanin-like protein whose degradation requires the function of both Cul3 and BTB protein MEL-26.
GO:0061630 ubiquitin protein ligase activity
IDA
PMID:14528312
Targeting of protein ubiquitination by BTB-Cullin 3-Roc1 ubi...
MODIFY
Summary: The ubiquitin ligase activity belongs to the assembled CRL3 complex; CUL3 itself is best represented as the scaffold.
Reason: For CUL3, ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity is the more accurate molecular function than a catalytic ubiquitin-protein transferase term.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:0031208 POZ domain binding
IDA
PMID:14528312
Targeting of protein ubiquitination by BTB-Cullin 3-Roc1 ubi...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 binds BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors in CRL3 complexes.
Reason: POZ/BTB-domain adaptor binding is part of the core CRL3 scaffold architecture.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
GO:0000922 spindle pole
IDA
PMID:23213400
The CUL3-KLHL18 ligase regulates mitotic entry and ubiquityl...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for CUL3-adaptor biology.
Reason: Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23213400
The CUL3-KLHL18 ligase regulates mitotic entry and ubiquityl...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:23213400
The CUL3-KLHL18 ligase regulates mitotic entry and ubiquityl...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 has nuclear localization in some contexts.
Reason: Nuclear localization is plausible for CUL3, but the review treats it as a broad compartment annotation rather than a pathway-specific function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005813 centrosome
IDA
PMID:23213400
The CUL3-KLHL18 ligase regulates mitotic entry and ubiquityl...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for CUL3-adaptor biology.
Reason: Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0016567 protein ubiquitination
IDA
PMID:23213400
The CUL3-KLHL18 ligase regulates mitotic entry and ubiquityl...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
Reason: Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
GO:0072686 mitotic spindle
IDA
PMID:23213400
The CUL3-KLHL18 ligase regulates mitotic entry and ubiquityl...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for CUL3-adaptor biology.
Reason: Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:1901992 positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
IMP
PMID:23213400
The CUL3-KLHL18 ligase regulates mitotic entry and ubiquityl...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:29276004
Missense Variants in RHOBTB2 Cause a Developmental and Epile...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:28395323
Defining the human sperm microtubulome: an integrated genomi...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 has cytoplasmic localization in some contexts.
Reason: Cytoplasmic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL scaffold function and should not be over-interpreted as a specific pathway output.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0036126 sperm flagellum
IDA
PMID:28395323
Defining the human sperm microtubulome: an integrated genomi...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This localization is not established as a core CUL3 cellular component in this review.
Reason: The synthesis supports CRL3 complex membership with cautious cytoplasm/nucleus localization; membrane, Golgi, exosome, sperm flagellum, or other specific locations require source-level confirmation before retention.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
GO:0031398 positive regulation of protein ubiquitination
IGI
PMID:24844779
Hypoxia-responsive microRNA-101 promotes angiogenesis via he...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0031648 protein destabilization
IGI
PMID:24844779
Hypoxia-responsive microRNA-101 promotes angiogenesis via he...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22748208
A homozygous mutation in KCTD7 links neuronal ceroid lipofus...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23776465
Myeloma overexpressed 2 (Myeov2) regulates L11 subnuclear lo...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:26399832
Cell-fate determination by ubiquitin-dependent regulation of...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8932327
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 can be represented in cytosolic CRL3 pathway contexts.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 scaffold biology, although repetitive Reactome cytosol rows are left mostly pending for source-level review.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8952631
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8956040
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9712274
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9755505
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9755507
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9758090
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9759169
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9759172
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9766645
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9766656
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9766677
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9766687
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005112 Notch binding
IPI
PMID:25401743
KCTD10 is involved in the cardiovascular system and Notch si...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This annotation derives from a study of KCTD10 (a CUL3 BTB adaptor) in Notch signaling during embryonic development, but direct CUL3-Notch binding is not the core scaffold function.
Reason: PMID:25401743 links the CUL3-KCTD10 module to Notch signaling, but substrate recognition is mediated by the KCTD10 adaptor rather than direct CUL3-Notch binding. Notch binding is a substrate-contextual, low-information MF that over-attributes adaptor/substrate recognition to the CUL3 scaffold.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
GO:0006511 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:25401743
KCTD10 is involved in the cardiovascular system and Notch si...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26334369
Structural Insights into KCTD Protein Assembly and Cullin3 R...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:27561354
Cullin3-KLHL15 ubiquitin ligase mediates CtIP protein turnov...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0006511 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:27561354
Cullin3-KLHL15 ubiquitin ligase mediates CtIP protein turnov...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0071630 nuclear protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system
IDA
PMID:27561354
Cullin3-KLHL15 ubiquitin ligase mediates CtIP protein turnov...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0031145 anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process
IDA
PMID:10500095
Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25270598
Ubiquitin-proteasome system controls ciliogenesis at the ini...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21778237
COMMD1 (copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing protein 1)...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5635854
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as nucleoplasmic in Reactome GLI/Hedgehog CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Nuclear/nucleoplasmic localization is plausible for CUL3 in specific pathway contexts (e.g. SPOP-CUL3 acting on GLI transcription factors); this is treated as a cautious broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted nucleus/nucleoplasm rows.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5635855
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as nucleoplasmic in Reactome GLI/Hedgehog CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Nuclear/nucleoplasmic localization is plausible for CUL3 in specific pathway contexts (e.g. SPOP-CUL3 acting on GLI transcription factors); this is treated as a cautious broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted nucleus/nucleoplasm rows.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5635856
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as nucleoplasmic in Reactome GLI/Hedgehog CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Nuclear/nucleoplasmic localization is plausible for CUL3 in specific pathway contexts (e.g. SPOP-CUL3 acting on GLI transcription factors); this is treated as a cautious broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted nucleus/nucleoplasm rows.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0007080 mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment
IMP
PMID:17543862
A Cul3-based E3 ligase removes Aurora B from mitotic chromos...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0007080 mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment
IMP
PMID:19995937
The Cul3-KLHL21 E3 ubiquitin ligase targets aurora B to midz...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0045842 positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
IMP
PMID:17543862
A Cul3-based E3 ligase removes Aurora B from mitotic chromos...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:24768539
K33-Linked Polyubiquitination of Coronin 7 by Cul3-KLHL20 Ub...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0016020 membrane
HDA
PMID:19946888
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This localization is not established as a core CUL3 cellular component in this review.
Reason: The synthesis supports CRL3 complex membership with cautious cytoplasm/nucleus localization; membrane, Golgi, exosome, sperm flagellum, or other specific locations require source-level confirmation before retention.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
HDA
PMID:19056867
Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exos...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This localization is not established as a core CUL3 cellular component in this review.
Reason: The synthesis supports CRL3 complex membership with cautious cytoplasm/nucleus localization; membrane, Golgi, exosome, sperm flagellum, or other specific locations require source-level confirmation before retention.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:19158078
Control of rapsyn stability by the CUL-3-containing E3 ligas...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:22578813
Translational homeostasis via the mRNA cap-binding protein, ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:23453970
Impaired KLHL3-mediated ubiquitination of WNK4 causes human ...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:23576762
Kelch-like 3 and Cullin 3 regulate electrolyte homeostasis v...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18397884
Regulation of TIP60 by ATF2 modulates ATM activation.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1504190
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 can be represented in cytosolic CRL3 pathway contexts.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 scaffold biology, although repetitive Reactome cytosol rows are left mostly pending for source-level review.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1504193
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1504213
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5658424
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8952630
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8955241
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8955289
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9018778
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9018787
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9706390
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929484
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929486
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929490
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
Reason: Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:23455478
Ubiquitylation-dependent localization of PLK1 in mitosis.
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0000209 protein polyubiquitination
IDA
PMID:19261606
The Cul3/Klhdc5 E3 ligase regulates p60/katanin and is requi...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes can mediate protein polyubiquitination.
Reason: Protein polyubiquitination is a proximal CRL3 output, while substrate-specific downstream effects should be curated separately.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
GO:0004842 ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
IDA
PMID:19261606
The Cul3/Klhdc5 E3 ligase regulates p60/katanin and is requi...
MODIFY
Summary: The ubiquitin ligase activity belongs to the assembled CRL3 complex; CUL3 itself is best represented as the scaffold.
Reason: For CUL3, ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity is the more accurate molecular function than a catalytic ubiquitin-protein transferase term.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19261606
The Cul3/Klhdc5 E3 ligase regulates p60/katanin and is requi...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0031208 POZ domain binding
IDA
PMID:19261606
The Cul3/Klhdc5 E3 ligase regulates p60/katanin and is requi...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 binds BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors in CRL3 complexes.
Reason: POZ/BTB-domain adaptor binding is part of the core CRL3 scaffold architecture.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:19261606
The Cul3/Klhdc5 E3 ligase regulates p60/katanin and is requi...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0032467 positive regulation of cytokinesis
IMP
PMID:19261606
The Cul3/Klhdc5 E3 ligase regulates p60/katanin and is requi...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:19261606
The Cul3/Klhdc5 E3 ligase regulates p60/katanin and is requi...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0004842 ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
IDA
PMID:15983046
Ubiquitination of Keap1, a BTB-Kelch substrate adaptor prote...
MODIFY
Summary: The ubiquitin ligase activity belongs to the assembled CRL3 complex; CUL3 itself is best represented as the scaffold.
Reason: For CUL3, ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity is the more accurate molecular function than a catalytic ubiquitin-protein transferase term.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:15983046
Ubiquitination of Keap1, a BTB-Kelch substrate adaptor prote...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0006513 protein monoubiquitination
IDA
PMID:22358839
Ubiquitin-dependent regulation of COPII coat size and functi...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Some CUL3-adaptor complexes mediate monoubiquitination rather than degradative polyubiquitination.
Reason: Protein monoubiquitination is a valid adaptor/substrate-specific CUL3 output, but it is not the main degradative CRL3 process summarized as core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0006888 endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
IDA
PMID:22358839
Ubiquitin-dependent regulation of COPII coat size and functi...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0007229 integrin-mediated signaling pathway
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0017145 stem cell division
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:22358839
Ubiquitin-dependent regulation of COPII coat size and functi...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0040016 embryonic cleavage
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
Reason: The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease, or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at the annotated pathway node.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0048208 COPII vesicle coating
IMP
PMID:22358839
Ubiquitin-dependent regulation of COPII coat size and functi...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18826954
SCCRO (DCUN1D1) is an essential component of the E3 complex ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0004842 ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
IDA
PMID:19782033
Cullin mediates degradation of RhoA through evolutionarily c...
MODIFY
Summary: The ubiquitin ligase activity belongs to the assembled CRL3 complex; CUL3 itself is best represented as the scaffold.
Reason: For CUL3, ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity is the more accurate molecular function than a catalytic ubiquitin-protein transferase term.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:0016477 cell migration
IMP
PMID:19782033
Cullin mediates degradation of RhoA through evolutionarily c...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0016567 protein ubiquitination
IDA
PMID:19782033
Cullin mediates degradation of RhoA through evolutionarily c...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
Reason: Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:19782033
Cullin mediates degradation of RhoA through evolutionarily c...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0035024 negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
IMP
PMID:19782033
Cullin mediates degradation of RhoA through evolutionarily c...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0043149 stress fiber assembly
IMP
PMID:19782033
Cullin mediates degradation of RhoA through evolutionarily c...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:19782033
Cullin mediates degradation of RhoA through evolutionarily c...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:20389280
The Cullin 3 substrate adaptor KLHL20 mediates DAPK ubiquiti...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate degradation.
Reason: Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination remains a caveat for some substrates.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
GO:0004842 ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
IDA
PMID:20389280
The Cullin 3 substrate adaptor KLHL20 mediates DAPK ubiquiti...
MODIFY
Summary: The ubiquitin ligase activity belongs to the assembled CRL3 complex; CUL3 itself is best represented as the scaffold.
Reason: For CUL3, ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity is the more accurate molecular function than a catalytic ubiquitin-protein transferase term.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
GO:0005827 polar microtubule
IDA
PMID:19995937
The Cul3-KLHL21 E3 ubiquitin ligase targets aurora B to midz...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for CUL3-adaptor biology.
Reason: Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
**Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0016567 protein ubiquitination
IDA
PMID:17543862
A Cul3-based E3 ligase removes Aurora B from mitotic chromos...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
Reason: Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
GO:0016567 protein ubiquitination
IDA
PMID:19995937
The Cul3-KLHL21 E3 ubiquitin ligase targets aurora B to midz...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
Reason: Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
GO:0016567 protein ubiquitination
IDA
PMID:20389280
The Cullin 3 substrate adaptor KLHL20 mediates DAPK ubiquiti...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
Reason: Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:17543862
A Cul3-based E3 ligase removes Aurora B from mitotic chromos...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:19995937
The Cul3-KLHL21 E3 ubiquitin ligase targets aurora B to midz...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0031463 Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
IDA
PMID:20389280
The Cullin 3 substrate adaptor KLHL20 mediates DAPK ubiquiti...
ACCEPT
Summary: CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
Reason: CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18573101
KCTD5, a putative substrate adaptor for cullin3 ubiquitin li...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
Reason: Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a distinct CUL3 function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.
GO:0000082 G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
TAS
PMID:8681378
cul-1 is required for cell cycle exit in C. elegans and iden...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation
TAS
PMID:9733711
Cloning and expression analysis of a novel salicylate suppre...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
GO:0097193 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
TAS
PMID:8681378
cul-1 is required for cell cycle exit in C. elegans and iden...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
Reason: The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3 scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.

Core Functions

CUL3 is the scaffold of CRL3 cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, connecting RBX1/E2 catalytic machinery to BTB-domain substrate adaptors. This scaffold function drives substrate ubiquitination, including polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation in many adaptor contexts, while non-degradative ubiquitination and downstream phenotypes are substrate-specific.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
    CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
  • file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
    Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
  • file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
    Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output

References

Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara
Automatic assignment of GO terms using logical inference, based on on inter-ontology links
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S phase in mammalian cells.
TIP120A associates with cullins and modulates ubiquitin ligase activity.
Targeting of protein ubiquitination by BTB-Cullin 3-Roc1 ubiquitin ligases.
RhoBTB2 is a substrate of the mammalian Cul3 ubiquitin ligase complex.
BTB protein Keap1 targets antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 for ubiquitination by the Cullin 3-Roc1 ligase.
Ubiquitination of Keap1, a BTB-Kelch substrate adaptor protein for Cul3, targets Keap1 for degradation by a proteasome-independent pathway.
A Cul3-based E3 ligase removes Aurora B from mitotic chromosomes, regulating mitotic progression and completion of cytokinesis in human cells.
Regulation of TIP60 by ATF2 modulates ATM activation.
KCTD5, a putative substrate adaptor for cullin3 ubiquitin ligases.
UBXD7 binds multiple ubiquitin ligases and implicates p97 in HIF1alpha turnover.
SCCRO (DCUN1D1) is an essential component of the E3 complex for neddylation.
Characterization of the human COP9 signalosome complex using affinity purification and mass spectrometry.
Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
Control of rapsyn stability by the CUL-3-containing E3 ligase complex.
The Cul3/Klhdc5 E3 ligase regulates p60/katanin and is required for normal mitosis in mammalian cells.
Cullin3-based polyubiquitination and p62-dependent aggregation of caspase-8 mediate extrinsic apoptosis signaling.
Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction landscape.
The human Dcn1-like protein DCNL3 promotes Cul3 neddylation at membranes.
Cullin mediates degradation of RhoA through evolutionarily conserved BTB adaptors to control actin cytoskeleton structure and cell movement.
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
The Cul3-KLHL21 E3 ubiquitin ligase targets aurora B to midzone microtubules in anaphase and is required for cytokinesis.
The Cullin 3 substrate adaptor KLHL20 mediates DAPK ubiquitination to control interferon responses.
Kelch-like homologue 9 mutation is associated with an early onset autosomal dominant distal myopathy.
Network organization of the human autophagy system.
Dynamics of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase network revealed by systematic quantitative proteomics.
Tumor-suppressor role for the SPOP ubiquitin ligase in signal-dependent proteolysis of the oncogenic co-activator SRC-3/AIB1.
COMMD1 (copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing protein 1) regulates Cullin RING ligases by preventing CAND1 (Cullin-associated Nedd8-dissociated protein 1) binding.
Ubiquitin ligase activity of Cul3-KLHL7 protein is attenuated by autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa causative mutation.
Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network of the human liver.
Ubiquitin-dependent regulation of COPII coat size and function.
NEDD8 links cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase function to the p97 pathway.
KBTBD13 interacts with Cullin 3 to form a functional ubiquitin ligase.
Translational homeostasis via the mRNA cap-binding protein, eIF4E.
Adaptor protein self-assembly drives the control of a cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase.
A homozygous mutation in KCTD7 links neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis to the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
Quantitative analysis of HSP90-client interactions reveals principles of substrate recognition.
The CUL3-KLHL18 ligase regulates mitotic entry and ubiquitylates Aurora-A.
Impaired KLHL3-mediated ubiquitination of WNK4 causes human hypertension.
Ubiquitylation-dependent localization of PLK1 in mitosis.
CCDC22 deficiency in humans blunts activation of proinflammatory NF-κB signaling.
Kelch-like 3 and Cullin 3 regulate electrolyte homeostasis via ubiquitination and degradation of WNK4.
Disease-causing mutations in KLHL3 impair its effect on WNK4 degradation.
Myeloma overexpressed 2 (Myeov2) regulates L11 subnuclear localization through Nedd8 modification.
Golgi-associated RhoBTB3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitylation and promotes cell cycle progression.
Oncogenic function of SCCRO5/DCUN1D5 requires its Neddylation E3 activity and nuclear localization.
K33-Linked Polyubiquitination of Coronin 7 by Cul3-KLHL20 Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Regulates Protein Trafficking.
Hypoxia-responsive microRNA-101 promotes angiogenesis via heme oxygenase-1/vascular endothelial growth factor axis by targeting cullin 3.
Ubiquitin-proteasome system controls ciliogenesis at the initial step of axoneme extension.
KCTD10 is involved in the cardiovascular system and Notch signaling during early embryonic development.
A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network.
A massively parallel pipeline to clone DNA variants and examine molecular phenotypes of human disease mutations.
KLHL39 suppresses colon cancer metastasis by blocking KLHL20-mediated PML and DAPK ubiquitination.
CUL3-KBTBD6/KBTBD7 ubiquitin ligase cooperates with GABARAP proteins to spatially restrict TIAM1-RAC1 signaling.
Structural Insights into KCTD Protein Assembly and Cullin3 Recognition.
Cell-fate determination by ubiquitin-dependent regulation of translation.
Characterization of the mammalian family of DCN-type NEDD8 E3 ligases.
Identification of Human Neuronal Protein Complexes Reveals Biochemical Activities and Convergent Mechanisms of Action in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
The BTB domains of the potassium channel tetramerization domain proteins prevalently assume pentameric states.
Cullin3-KLHL15 ubiquitin ligase mediates CtIP protein turnover to fine-tune DNA-end resection.
Insulin resistance and diabetes caused by genetic or diet-induced KBTBD2 deficiency in mice.
Armc5 deletion causes developmental defects and compromises T-cell immune responses.
Defining the human sperm microtubulome: an integrated genomics approach.
Cullin 3-Based Ubiquitin Ligases as Master Regulators of Mammalian Cell Differentiation.
Missense Variants in RHOBTB2 Cause a Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy in Humans, and Altered Levels Cause Neurological Defects in Drosophila.
KLHL22 activates amino-acid-dependent mTORC1 signalling to promote tumorigenesis and ageing.
Dimerization quality control ensures neuronal development and survival.
Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic variants across the allele frequency spectrum in human populations.
Kelch-like protein 5-mediated ubiquitination of lysine 183 promotes proteasomal degradation of sphingosine kinase 1.
CRL3s: The BTB-CUL3-RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligases.
A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative Disease Proteins and Uncovers Widespread Protein Aggregation in Affected Brains.
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human interactome.
A protein network map of head and neck cancer reveals PIK3CA mutant drug sensitivity.
Systematic discovery of mutation-directed neo-protein-protein interactions in cancer.
ARMC5 is part of an RPB1-specific ubiquitin ligase implicated in adrenal hyperplasia.
ARMC5-CUL3 E3 ligase targets full-length SREBF in adrenocortical tumors.
XAF1 prevents hyperproduction of type I interferon upon viral infection by targeting IRF7.
Using brain cell-type-specific protein interactomes to interpret neurodevelopmental genetic signals in schizophrenia.
The Role of PIK3R1 in Metabolic Function and Insulin Sensitivity.
Cryo-EM structure of the KLHL22 E3 ligase bound to an oligomeric metabolic enzyme.
Systematic discovery of protein interaction interfaces using AlphaFold and experimental validation.
ARMC5 controls the degradation of most Pol II subunits, and ARMC5 mutation increases neural tube defect risks in mice and humans.
Redundant pathways for removal of defective RNA polymerase II complexes at a promoter-proximal pause checkpoint.
CRL3(ARMC5) ubiquitin ligase and Integrator phosphatase form parallel mechanisms to control early stages of RNA Pol II transcription.
Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics.
cul-1 is required for cell cycle exit in C. elegans and identifies a novel gene family.
Cloning and expression analysis of a novel salicylate suppressible gene, Hs-CUL-3, a member of cullin/Cdc53 family.
Reactome:R-HSA-1504190
DVL is ubiquitinated by CUL3:KLHL12:RBX1
Reactome:R-HSA-1504193
Ubiquitinated DVL is degraded by the proteasome
Reactome:R-HSA-1504213
DVL is bound by the CUL3:KLHL12:RBX1 ubiquitin ligase complex
Reactome:R-HSA-5635854
GLI2,3 are degraded by the proteasome
Reactome:R-HSA-5635855
phosphorylated GLI proteins bind SPOP:CUL3:RBX1
Reactome:R-HSA-5635856
SPOP:CUL3:RBX1 ubiquitinates GLI2,3
Reactome:R-HSA-5658424
KBTBD7:CUL3:RBX1 ubiquitinates NF1
Reactome:R-HSA-8932327
NFE2L2 binds KEAP1:NEDD8-CUL3:RBX1
Reactome:R-HSA-8952630
NEDD8:AcM-UBE2M binds CRL3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
Reactome:R-HSA-8952631
AcM-UBE2M transfers NEDD8 to CRL3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
Reactome:R-HSA-8955241
CAND1 binds cytosolic CRL E3 ubiquitin ligases
Reactome:R-HSA-8955289
COMMDs displace CAND1 from cytosolic CRL E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes
Reactome:R-HSA-8956040
COP9 signalosome deneddylates cytosolic CRL E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes
Reactome:R-HSA-9018778
RHOBTB1 binds interacting proteins at the endosome membrane
Reactome:R-HSA-9018787
RHOBTB2 binds interacting proteins at the endosome membrane
Reactome:R-HSA-9706390
RHOBTB3 binds interacting proteins at trans-Golgi network
Reactome:R-HSA-9712274
NFE2L2 inducers bind to KEAP1:CUL3:RBX1:NFE2L2
Reactome:R-HSA-9755505
KEAP1:NEDD8-CUL3:RBX1 complex ubiquitinates NFE2L2
Reactome:R-HSA-9755507
UBXN7:UBF1:NPLOC4:VCP hexamer binds NFE2L2:CRL3 complex
Reactome:R-HSA-9758090
Ubiquitinated NFE2L2 is extracted from CRL3 complex for degradation
Reactome:R-HSA-9759169
p-S349 SQSTM1 oligomer binds KEAP1:CUL3:RBX1
Reactome:R-HSA-9759172
KEAP1:CUL3:RBX1 ubiquitinates p-S349 SQSTM1 oligomer
Reactome:R-HSA-9766645
CUL3:RBX1 ubiquitinates KEAP1
Reactome:R-HSA-9766656
RBX1:CUL3 dissociates from forming autophagosome
Reactome:R-HSA-9766677
MAP1LC3B binds KEAP1 and SQSTM1
Reactome:R-HSA-9766687
SESN1,SESN1 bind SQSTM1 and KEAP1
Reactome:R-HSA-9929484
SPOP:CUL3:RBX1 binds to CD274
Reactome:R-HSA-9929486
SPOP-mediated degradation of CD274 by 26S Proteosome
Reactome:R-HSA-9929490
CD274 ubiquitination by SPOP:CUL3:RBX1 complex
file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
Falcon deep research report on CUL3

Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Which generic protein-binding rows correspond to direct CUL3-BTB adaptor, RBX1, substrate, or regulator interactions that should be converted to more informative terms?

Q: Which substrate-specific pathway and phenotype annotations have direct CUL3 scaffold-dependent evidence rather than adaptor/substrate or disease-context inference?

Q: Which annotations should distinguish CUL3's core scaffold activity from CRL3 regulation by neddylation, deneddylation, CSN, and CAND1-mediated adaptor exchange?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Review CRL3 adaptor modules one at a time, separating CUL3 scaffold activity from adaptor-specific substrate recognition and downstream pathway outputs.

Experiment: Prioritize source-level review of membrane, Golgi, centrosome, spindle, cytoskeleton, and synaptic localization claims before retaining them as CUL3 cellular component annotations.

Deep Research

Falcon

(CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md)
Question: You are an expert researcher providing comprehensive, well-cited information. Falcon Edison Scientific Literature 34 citations 2026-05-12T22:23:38.188346

Question: You are an expert researcher providing comprehensive, well-cited information.

Provide detailed information focusing on:
1. Key concepts and definitions with current understanding
2. Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023-2024 sources)
3. Current applications and real-world implementations
4. Expert opinions and analysis from authoritative sources
5. Relevant statistics and data from recent studies

Format as a comprehensive research report with proper citations. Include URLs and publication dates where available.
Always prioritize recent, authoritative sources and provide specific citations for all major claims.

Concise GO annotation research for human CUL3 / UniProt Q13618 (cullin-3). Focus only on GO-relevant evidence: core molecular function as a cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase scaffold / ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity; assembly of CRL3 complexes with RBX1 and BTB-domain substrate adaptors; roles in protein ubiquitination, protein polyubiquitination, proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; neddylation/deneddylation regulation of CUL3 activity; cellular components including Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex, cytoplasm/cytosol, nucleus, and any membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims that need caution; substrate/adaptor examples such as KEAP1-NFE2L2/NRF2, KLHL3-WNK kinases, SPOP, KCTD proteins, cell-cycle or developmental substrates, and whether these should be core or non-core; distinguish direct CUL3 scaffold function from downstream phenotypes including cell cycle, development, oxidative stress response, neuronal phenotypes, blood pressure/electrolyte homeostasis, viral processes, and disease. Include caveats for generic protein binding or ubiquitin protein ligase binding annotations and for over-annotation from pathway membership or substrate phenotypes. Include PMID/DOI citations and keep under 1500 words.

Concise GO annotation research report: Human CUL3 (Cullin-3; UniProt Q13618) — GO-relevant evidence only

Scope and annotation philosophy

This report summarizes evidence supporting core Gene Ontology (GO) annotations for human CUL3 as a cullin–RING E3 ubiquitin ligase scaffold (CRL3). Emphasis is on direct molecular function (MF), complex assembly/cellular component (CC), and proximal biological processes (BP) (ubiquitination and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis), while downstream phenotypes/pathway roles (oxidative stress response, blood pressure, neurodevelopment, cancer, viral infection) are treated as non-core unless the evidence directly establishes CUL3’s mechanistic role.

1) Key concepts and definitions (current understanding)

CUL3 as a cullin–RING E3 ligase scaffold (GO: MF/CC core)

CUL3 is the central scaffold of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a RING protein (RBX1) that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor proteins that recruit specific substrates. This architecture is described in recent mechanistic reviews and supported by primary structural work, including explicit CUL3–RBX1 and adaptor-bound complexes (jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3, sharma2023insightsintothe pages 1-3, hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21).

Direct structural/biochemical evidence includes:
- Cryo-EM showing CRL3 assemblies containing CUL3 + RBX1 + BTB adaptor (e.g., KLHL22-based CRL3) and supporting the concept that dimerization of BTB adaptors yields a 2:2 stoichiometry (BTB dimer recruiting two CUL3–RBX1 arms) that supports ligase activity (wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2, wang2024aconservednterminal pages 7-8).
- KEAP1–CUL3 crystal structure evidence of a heterotetrameric 2:2 complex (KEAP1:CUL3) with quantitative binding (KD ~0.2 μM), reinforcing the scaffold/adaptor binding model (preprint) (adamson2023structuralandbiochemical pages 1-7).

GO MF term guidance: evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with “ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity” / E3 ligase scaffold rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold) (jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3, wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2).

Assembly of CRL3 complexes with RBX1 and BTB adaptors (GO: CC and complex assembly)

Recent structural work shows that CRL3s are multi-subunit complexes with physically resolved interfaces that underlie assembly.
- A May 2024 cryo-EM/biochemistry study on CRL3^KLHL22 identifies a conserved N-terminal motif in CUL3 that contributes to dimeric CRL3 assembly and E3 activity; deletion reduces adaptor binding and changes complex stoichiometry (wang2024aconservednterminal pages 7-8, wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2).
- Feb 2024 cryo-EM structural states of CRL3^KBTBD2 include substrate-engaged forms and regulatory complexes with the COP9 signalosome and CAND1, supporting CUL3’s role as a structural platform that coordinates catalytic and regulatory modules (hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21).

2) Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023–2024)

2024 cryo-EM reveals CRL3 architecture, substrate recruitment, and regulation

A 2024 Nature Structural & Molecular Biology study provides multiple cryo-EM reconstructions of CRL3^KBTBD2 including:
- A neddylated CRL3 form (CUL3~NEDD8),
- complexes with the COP9 signalosome (CSN) (including mutant CSN states), and
- a CUL3–RBX1–CAND1 complex.
These structures directly support GO-relevant assertions that CRL3 activity is coupled to neddylation/deneddylation and regulated by exchange factors such as CAND1 (hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21).

2023–2024 tools to measure activated (neddylated) CRLs in cells

A 2023 Nature Chemical Biology study developed a conformation-specific probe recognizing NEDD8-linked active cullins and profiled activated CRL networks including CUL3-containing complexes (henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 1-2). The work includes experimental perturbations with MLN4924 (NAE inhibitor; blocks neddylation) and CSN5i-3 (blocks deneddylation), and explicitly detects NEDD8–CUL3 species by IP–MS (henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 6-6). This supports GO-relevant statements that (i) neddylation activates CRLs and (ii) active-state abundance is dynamically regulated.

2024 synthesis of structural knowledge on neddylation regulators (CSN, CAND1)

A 2024 review in Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy compiles recent structures that include CUL3–KLHL22–RBX1, CAND1–CUL3–RBX1, and KBTBD2–NEDD8–CUL3–RBX1–CSN assemblies (listed PDBs/EM structures), and emphasizes that CSN removes NEDD8 whereas CAND1 preferentially binds unneddylated cullins as a negative regulator/exchange factor (zhang2024proteinneddylationand pages 8-10). (Review-level evidence; use primarily to support general regulatory concepts rather than highly specific GO regulator terms.)

3) Current applications and real-world implementations (GO-relevant)

While not GO terms per se, applications inform which mechanistic aspects are robustly established.

  • Pharmacologic modulation of CRL3 activity via neddylation: MLN4924 is widely used to inhibit NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE), thereby inhibiting CRL activity; CUL3-linked CRL activity is described as requiring neddylation in multiple contexts (henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 6-6, gu2024cullin3ring pages 1-2).
  • Targeted protein degradation and E3 ligase engagement: CRL3 adaptors such as KEAP1 appear in degrader/TPD discussions as E3 components that can be recruited in chemical biology approaches; this supports the practical importance of accurate annotation of CRL3 scaffold/adaptor assembly, though it does not add new GO terms (jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3).

4) Expert opinions and analysis: GO annotation recommendations and caveats

Core GO: Molecular function

Strongly supported (core):
- Ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity / E3 ubiquitin ligase scaffold — CUL3 is repeatedly defined and structurally demonstrated as a CRL scaffold bridging RBX1 and BTB adaptors, including detailed stoichiometry and interface determinants (wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2, adamson2023structuralandbiochemical pages 1-7, hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21).

Caution:
- Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because these terms are often low-information and may reflect experimental detection rather than biological specificity.

Core GO: Biological process

Strongly supported (core/proximal):
- Protein ubiquitination / protein polyubiquitination: Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs (wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2), and CRL3^KCTD7 demonstrates CUL3-dependent ubiquitination of calpains (sengupta2023theubiquitinlikeproteins pages 4-5).

Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (supported, but adaptor/substrate-dependent):
- Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output (sharma2023insightsintothe pages 1-3). However, not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative (see KCTD7/calpain below), so proteasome-related BP annotations should be supported by substrate degradation evidence rather than ubiquitination alone.

Critical caveat (avoid over-annotation):
- Non-degradative ubiquitination: the KCTD7–CUL3–RBX1 complex ubiquitinates calpains with atypical chain linkages (K6/K27/K29/K63) and regulates activity rather than proteasomal turnover; this supports “protein ubiquitination” but argues against automatically applying proteasome-mediated catabolism for all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination (sengupta2023theubiquitinlikeproteins pages 4-5).
- Pathway membership / phenotype-only evidence: oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific pathway node being annotated.

Core GO: Cellular component

Supported (core):
- Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex / cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex: direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and BTB adaptors (hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21, wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2).

Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):
- A 2024 preprint reports differential tumor-context localization of CUL3 (cytoplasmic in one subtype; nuclear/perinuclear in another) and suggests nuclear engagement via interactions with RNA polymerase complexes in DNA damage contexts (pantazi2024ubiquitylationmediatedrnapiigenomic pages 100-104). Because this is preprint-level and partially inference-based, it supports a cautious note that CUL3 can be found in cytoplasmic and nuclear contexts but may not be sufficient alone for strong CC annotations.

Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:
- A 2024 structure paper on CRL3^KCTD5 describes compatibility with membrane-bound Gβγ in the reaction complex; this is substrate-contextual and does not justify annotating CUL3 broadly as a membrane component (jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3).
- No strong direct evidence in the retrieved set supports centrosome or cytoskeleton localization as a general CC term for CUL3; references to kinetochores/mitosis are often substrate-contextual and may reflect downstream phenotype or adaptor targeting rather than stable CUL3 localization.

5) Relevant statistics and data (recent studies)

  • Stoichiometry data: structural/biochemical studies support 2:2 assemblies (BTB dimer with two CUL3 arms) in CRL3 complexes and provide measurable changes in complex stoichiometry when CUL3 motifs are deleted (wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2, wang2024aconservednterminal pages 7-8). KEAP1–CUL3 binding is reported with KD ~0.2 μM and a 2:2 heterotetramer in structural/biochemical assays (preprint) (adamson2023structuralandbiochemical pages 1-7).
  • Network scale estimate: a 2023 review states mammals may form up to 188 distinct CUL3–BTB E3 complexes, underscoring annotation relevance for “CUL3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex” rather than overly specific pathway terms (jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3).
  • Quantitative profiling of NEDD8–CUL3: IP–MS profiling explicitly detects “NEDD8–CUL3” and uses inhibitors (MLN4924; CSN5i-3) to modulate neddylation/deneddylation states, providing empirical support that CUL3 participates in dynamic neddylation-regulated CRL activation (henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 6-6).

GO-relevant adaptor/substrate examples (evidence-weighted)

The table below summarizes adaptor modules and indicates which are core vs cautionary for CUL3 GO inference.

Adaptor / CRL3 example Example substrate or process context What is directly evidenced about CUL3 GO annotation relevance for human CUL3 Caveats / evidence limits Recent source (date; DOI/URL)
KEAP1–CUL3–RBX1 NRF2 degradation under basal/non-oxidative conditions; KEAP1 recognizes NRF2 degrons CUL3 N-terminus binds BTB/3-box adaptor KEAP1; CUL3 C-terminus assembles with RBX1; KEAP1:CUL3 forms a heterotetrameric 2:2 assembly; neddylation of CUL3 CTD promotes active ubiquitin-transfer geometry (adamson2023structuralandbiochemical pages 1-7, jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3) Core for MF/CC: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity; Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex. Process: protein ubiquitination / polyubiquitination; proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process can be supported when tied to NRF2 degradation, but keep focus on scaffold role (adamson2023structuralandbiochemical pages 1-7, sharma2023insightsintothe pages 1-3) Preprint for detailed KEAP1-CUL3 structure; KEAP1/NRF2 oxidative-stress phenotypes are downstream and should not be over-transferred to CUL3 as core BP beyond ubiquitination/catabolism (adamson2023structuralandbiochemical pages 1-7, sharma2023insightsintothe pages 1-3) Feb 2023, doi:10.1101/2023.02.15.528651, https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.15.528651; Oct 2023, doi:10.1186/s12964-023-01269-z, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01269-z
KLHL22–CUL3–RBX1 Polyubiquitination of reported substrates such as PLK1/PD1/DEPDC5; model for CRL3 dimeric activity Cryo-EM/biochemistry show CUL3 is the scaffold of CRL3; BTB dimer recruits two CUL3-RBX1 arms (2:2); conserved CUL3 N-terminal motif contributes to dimeric assembly and E3 activity; deletion impairs binding and ubiquitination activity (wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2, wang2024aconservednterminal pages 7-8) Core for MF/CC: scaffold activity; Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex assembly. Core/moderate for BP: protein polyubiquitination (directly assayed in CRL3 context) (wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2) Substrate-specific phenotypes (mitosis, autophagy, signaling) should be treated as non-core for CUL3 unless directly evidenced in human CUL3 context; avoid over-annotation from adaptor pathway membership (wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2) May 2024, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48045-2, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48045-2
KLHL12–CUL3 SEC31 monoubiquitylation; large COPII structure formation / procollagen export Review/primary evidence states CUL3 is CRL3 scaffold; CRL3^KLHL12 ubiquitylates SEC31; CUL3 neddylation activates CRL3 via conformational change near RBX1/E2-Ub positioning (moretti2023klhl12canform pages 1-2) Core for MF: scaffold in ubiquitin ligase complex. Caution for BP: “protein ubiquitination” supported; do not default to proteasome-mediated catabolism here because SEC31 example is monoubiquitylation and collagen effects may involve lysosomal handling (moretti2023klhl12canform pages 1-2) Not a strong basis for proteasome-related GO on CUL3 from this module alone; COPII/ER-exit-site or membrane-trafficking claims are adaptor/substrate-contextual, not core CUL3 location/function (moretti2023klhl12canform pages 1-2) Mar 2023, doi:10.1091/mbc.e22-08-0383, https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e22-08-0383
KBTBD2–CUL3–RBX1 p85α / PI3K regulatory subunit recruitment; substrate-engaged CRL3 architecture High-resolution cryo-EM captures CRL3^KBTBD2, substrate-bound complexes, neddylated CUL3, CUL3–RBX1–CAND1, and CUL3 complexes with COP9 signalosome (CSN), providing direct evidence for scaffold assembly plus neddylation/deneddylation and exchange regulation (hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21) Core for MF/CC/BP: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity; Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex; regulation of CRL3 activity by neddylation/deneddylation can support regulation-related annotation if term selection is careful (hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21) Best recent structural support for regulation, but substrate-specific signaling outputs should remain non-core; no direct subcellular localization claim should be expanded beyond complex membership from this study alone (hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21) Feb 2024, doi:10.1038/s41594-023-01182-6, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-023-01182-6
KCTD5–CUL3–RBX1 Gβγ ubiquitylation; membrane-proximal signaling context Pentameric KCTD5/CUL3/Gβγ complex architecture shows CUL3 in BTB/cullin core CRL3; CUL3-based complex positions substrate for ubiquitin transfer; reaction complex is described as compatible with membrane-bound Gβγ (jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3) Core for scaffold/ubiquitination. Caution for localization: membrane compatibility of a specific CRL3^KCTD5 reaction complex does not justify generic membrane annotation for CUL3 (jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3) Membrane association is context-specific and substrate-dependent; avoid annotating CUL3 broadly to membrane based on one adaptor/substrate system (jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3) Apr 2024, doi:10.1073/pnas.2315018121, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2315018121
KCTD7–CUL3–RBX1 Calpain regulation by non-degradative ubiquitination Primary study shows KCTD7 works in complex with CUL3 and RBX1 to ubiquitinate calpains with non-K48 linkage patterns and regulate activity rather than degradation (sengupta2023theubiquitinlikeproteins pages 4-5) Core for “protein ubiquitination.” Caution/non-core for proteasome-mediated catabolic process, because this is explicitly non-degradative ubiquitination (sengupta2023theubiquitinlikeproteins pages 4-5) Do not infer protein catabolism/proteasome process from all CUL3 substrates; also avoid inferring neuronal disease phenotypes as direct CUL3 GO BP terms (sengupta2023theubiquitinlikeproteins pages 4-5) Mar 2023, doi:10.1038/s41421-023-00533-3, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41421-023-00533-3
SPOP–CUL3–RBX1 Broad substrate adaptor example; cancer- and virus-related substrate studies discussed in reviews Reviews describe SPOP as a BTB adaptor of the CUL3/RBX1 complex; BACK/BTB adaptors and SPOP higher-order assemblies can enhance CRL3 activity (jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3) Useful as supporting example, but usually non-core for CUL3 annotation unless citing direct human CUL3 biochemical evidence in the same experiment. Safe use: adaptor repertoire supporting CRL3 assembly concept (jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3) Many SPOP papers focus on adaptor phenotypes or disease substrates, not direct CUL3 scaffold biochemistry; avoid over-annotation from cancer/viral phenotypes to CUL3 BP terms (jeong2023targetinge3ubiquitin pages 2-3) Oct 2023, doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01087-w, https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-023-01087-w
CUL3 regulation by NEDD8 / CSN / CAND1 Activation/inactivation cycle of CRL3 complexes NEDD8 conjugation activates cullin-RING ligases; recent work measures NEDD8-CUL3 and perturbation by MLN4924 or deneddylation inhibitor CSN5i-3; reviews state CSN removes NEDD8; structural studies capture CUL3–RBX1–CAND1 and CUL3~NEDD8–CSN complexes (henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 1-2, henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 6-6, sharma2023insightsintothe pages 1-3, zhang2024proteinneddylationand pages 8-10, hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21) Core regulatory context for CRL3 activity. Good support for annotations tied to cullin deneddylation/neddylation regulation or regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity, if the GO term matches the evidence scope (zhang2024proteinneddylationand pages 8-10, hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21, henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 1-2, sharma2023insightsintothe pages 1-3) Some evidence is general-to-cullin or review-based; use care in assigning highly specific regulator terms unless direct human CUL3 experimental support is cited. No direct support here for broad cellular-component claims beyond CRL3 complex itself (zhang2024proteinneddylationand pages 8-10, henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 1-2, sharma2023insightsintothe pages 1-3) Aug 2023, doi:10.1038/s41589-023-01392-5, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-023-01392-5; Apr 2024, doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01800-9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01800-9; Feb 2024, doi:10.1038/s41594-023-01182-6, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-023-01182-6

Table: This table summarizes direct GO-relevant evidence for human CUL3 across key CRL3 adaptor systems, highlighting what supports core scaffold and ubiquitination annotations versus what should be treated cautiously as adaptor-specific, non-degradative, or phenotype-driven.

  1. MF: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity (CRL3 scaffold) supported by multiple 2023–2024 structural/biochemical studies (wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2, hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21, adamson2023structuralandbiochemical pages 1-7).
  2. CC: member of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex / CRL3 complexes with RBX1 and BTB adaptors (hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21, wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2).
  3. BP: protein ubiquitination and, in contexts with demonstrated degradative ubiquitination, protein polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process—while explicitly recognizing that some CRL3 outputs are non-degradative (wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2, sengupta2023theubiquitinlikeproteins pages 4-5, sharma2023insightsintothe pages 1-3).
  4. Regulation of activity: reversible neddylation activates CRLs; deneddylation (CSN) and exchange regulation via CAND1 are structurally supported for CUL3 complexes and experimentally manipulable in cells (hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21, henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 6-6, sharma2023insightsintothe pages 1-3, zhang2024proteinneddylationand pages 8-10).

Key references (URLs, dates)

  • Hu Y et al. Nat Struct Mol Biol (Feb 2024). “Dynamic molecular architecture…” DOI:10.1038/s41594-023-01182-6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-023-01182-6 (hu2024dynamicmoleculararchitecture pages 1-21)
  • Wang W et al. Nat Commun (May 2024). DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-48045-2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48045-2 (wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2, wang2024aconservednterminal pages 7-8)
  • Henneberg LT et al. Nat Chem Biol (Aug 2023). DOI:10.1038/s41589-023-01392-5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-023-01392-5 (henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 1-2, henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 6-6)
  • Zhang S et al. Signal Transduct Target Ther (Apr 2024). DOI:10.1038/s41392-024-01800-9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01800-9 (zhang2024proteinneddylationand pages 8-10)
  • Moretti T et al. Mol Biol Cell (Mar 2023; online Jan 2023). DOI:10.1091/mbc.e22-08-0383 https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e22-08-0383 (moretti2023klhl12canform pages 1-2)
  • Sharma P, Chatrathi HE. Cell Commun Signal (Oct 2023). DOI:10.1186/s12964-023-01269-z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01269-z (sharma2023insightsintothe pages 1-3)
  • Adamson RJ et al. bioRxiv (posted Feb 16, 2023). DOI:10.1101/2023.02.15.528651 https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.15.528651 (adamson2023structuralandbiochemical pages 1-7)

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Citations

  1. adamson2023structuralandbiochemical pages 1-7
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  3. henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 1-2
  4. henneberg2023activitybasedprofilingof pages 6-6
  5. zhang2024proteinneddylationand pages 8-10
  6. wang2024aconservednterminal pages 1-2
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  8. sharma2023insightsintothe pages 1-3
  9. pantazi2024ubiquitylationmediatedrnapiigenomic pages 100-104
  10. wang2024aconservednterminal pages 7-8
  11. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.15.528651;
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  13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48045-2
  14. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e22-08-0383
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  19. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-023-01392-5;
  20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01800-9;
  21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-023-01392-5
  22. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01800-9
  23. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.15.528651
  24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-023-01087-w,
  25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01269-z,
  26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-023-01182-6,
  27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48045-2,
  28. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.15.528651,
  29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-023-01392-5,
  30. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01800-9,
  31. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2320934121,
  32. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13050734,
  33. https://doi.org/10.14232/phd.12363,
  34. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e22-08-0383,

📚 Additional Documentation

Notes

(CUL3-notes.md)

CUL3 notes

Initial Falcon pass, 2026-05-12. CUL3 started as a fully pending review with
228 annotations. I kept this pass centered on the conserved CRL3 scaffold
function and left most generic protein-binding and substrate-specific rows for
later source-level review.

Core molecular function: CUL3 is the scaffold of cullin-RING E3 ligase
complexes. Falcon states that CUL3 bridges RBX1/E2 ubiquitin-conjugating
machinery with BTB-domain substrate adaptors
[file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md "CUL3 is the central
scaffold
of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a RING protein (RBX1)
that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) BTB-domain substrate adaptor/receptor
proteins
that recruit specific substrates."]. I accepted ubiquitin ligase
complex scaffold activity and Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex rows as the
core axis.

Core process: protein ubiquitination, polyubiquitination, and
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism are proximal outputs of many
CRL3 complexes [file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md "Proteasomal
targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly describe
substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output"]. I
accepted well-supported ubiquitination and catabolic-process rows, but kept the
caveat that not every CUL3 ubiquitination event is degradative.

Molecular-function specificity: Falcon cautions that CUL3 is best represented
as the scaffold rather than the catalytic ubiquitin transferase
[file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md "evidence best supports a CUL3
annotation consistent with “ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity” /
E3 ligase scaffold rather than “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity”
(which is catalytic and typically attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery
rather than the scaffold)"]. I therefore modified ubiquitin-protein transferase
and ubiquitin protein ligase activity rows to the scaffold term.

Non-core contexts: many CUL3 annotations reflect the substrate/adaptor being
studied: KEAP1/NRF2 oxidative stress, KLHL3/WNK ion transport, KLHL12/COPII,
KBTBD/KCTD complexes, mitotic substrates, neuronal phenotypes, viral processes,
and disease models. Falcon warns that broad phenotypes should not be promoted
to core CUL3 functions without direct mechanistic evidence
[file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md "oxidative stress response,
blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or
cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream of CUL3-dependent substrate
regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3 BP terms without direct
mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is required in the specific
pathway node being annotated."].

Localization: CUL3 complex membership is core. I accepted a few broad
cytoplasm/cytosol/nuclear rows, but Falcon notes that specific membrane,
centrosome, cytoskeleton, and other locations require caution
[file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md "Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton
claims require caution:
"]. Most highly specific or repetitive localization
rows remain pending unless a direct source was already strong enough for a
non-core decision.

Left for later: generic protein-binding rows should be triaged by partner
(BTB/POZ adaptor, RBX1, substrate, CSN/CAND1 regulator, or nonspecific
interaction). Substrate-specific phenotype rows should be reviewed one adaptor
module at a time rather than treated as core CUL3 biology.

📄 View Raw YAML

id: Q13618
gene_symbol: CUL3
product_type: PROTEIN
status: INITIALIZED
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:9606
  label: Homo sapiens
description: >-
  CUL3 is a cullin scaffold protein that forms CUL3-RBX1 cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin
  ligase complexes (CRL3). It bridges the RBX1/E2 ubiquitin-conjugating machinery
  with BTB/POZ-domain substrate-adaptor proteins (such as KEAP1, the KLHL family,
  KCTD family, SPOP, and RhoBTB proteins), enabling ubiquitination of adaptor-recruited
  substrates and, in many cases, their proteasome-mediated degradation. CRL3 activity
  is regulated by reversible neddylation/deneddylation of CUL3 and by the CAND1 and COP9
  signalosome exchange machinery. Through its different substrate adaptors, CRL3 acts in
  the NRF2/KEAP1 oxidative-stress response, WNK-kinase-dependent renal electrolyte and
  blood-pressure homeostasis, mitotic progression and cytokinesis, cytoskeletal
  regulation, and many other substrate-specific processes.
alternative_products:
- name: 1 (Cul-3 Long)
  id: Q13618-1
- name: '2'
  id: Q13618-2
  sequence_note: VSP_008824
- name: 3 (Cul-3 Short)
  id: Q13618-3
  sequence_note: VSP_008825
existing_annotations:
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 has nuclear localization in some contexts.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Nuclear localization is plausible for CUL3, but the review treats it as a broad
      compartment annotation rather than a pathway-specific function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0160072
    label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic
      machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic
      transferase itself.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:0016567
    label: protein ubiquitination
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold
      function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example,
        CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural
        motifs
- term:
    id: GO:0031625
    label: ubiquitin protein ligase binding
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is associated with ubiquitin ligase machinery, but the binding term is less
      informative than its scaffold activity.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: >-
      The evidence supports CUL3 as the scaffold component of CRL3 ligase complexes;
      ubiquitin protein ligase binding is a lower-information proxy. The CRL3 complex
      cellular-component annotation should be handled separately rather than used as an
      MF replacement.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0160072
      label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0000209
    label: protein polyubiquitination
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes can mediate protein polyubiquitination.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Protein polyubiquitination is a proximal CRL3 output, while substrate-specific
      downstream effects should be curated separately.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example,
        CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural
        motifs
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
- term:
    id: GO:0000278
    label: mitotic cell cycle
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0000922
    label: spindle pole
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: >-
      This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for
      CUL3-adaptor biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic
      or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 has nuclear localization in some contexts.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Nuclear localization is plausible for CUL3, but the review treats it as a broad
      compartment annotation rather than a pathway-specific function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 has cytoplasmic localization in some contexts.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytoplasmic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL scaffold function and should
      not be over-interpreted as a specific pathway output.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005794
    label: Golgi apparatus
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: >-
      A pool of CUL3 localizes to the Golgi in the RhoBTB3-CUL3 adaptor context, so this
      localization is adaptor-specific rather than a core CUL3 cellular component.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Direct evidence (PMID:24145166) shows a RhoBTB3/CUL3/RBX1 ligase pool at the Golgi,
      so the Golgi annotation is retained as non-core and adaptor-specific, consistent
      with the IDA Golgi annotation for the same term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24145166
      supporting_text: >-
        a pool of CUL3 was detected on the Golgi, as previously shown (Singer et al.,
        1999), where it colocalizes with RhoBTB3 and GCC185 (Fig. 4 A).
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
- term:
    id: GO:0005813
    label: centrosome
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: >-
      This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for
      CUL3-adaptor biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic
      or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0005819
    label: spindle
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: >-
      This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for
      CUL3-adaptor biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic
      or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0006511
    label: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0006915
    label: apoptotic process
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0006950
    label: response to stress
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0007165
    label: signal transduction
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0010468
    label: regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0031461
    label: cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0031514
    label: motile cilium
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: >-
      This subcellular-location IEA annotation places CUL3 in the motile cilium, but
      this is not an established core CUL3 cellular component.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      CUL3 has a role in ciliogenesis through ubiquitin-proteasome control of axoneme
      extension (PMID:25270598), but a stable motile cilium localization is not supported
      as a core CUL3 cellular component. The Falcon synthesis cautions that specific
      organellar/cytoskeletal localizations require source-level confirmation before
      retention.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
- term:
    id: GO:0031625
    label: ubiquitin protein ligase binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is associated with ubiquitin ligase machinery, but the binding term is less
      informative than its scaffold activity.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: >-
      The evidence supports CUL3 as the scaffold component of CRL3 ligase complexes;
      ubiquitin protein ligase binding is a lower-information proxy. The CRL3 complex
      cellular-component annotation should be handled separately rather than used as an
      MF replacement.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0160072
      label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0098794
    label: postsynapse
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000108
  review:
    summary: >-
      This inter-ontology IEA annotation places CUL3 at the postsynapse, paired with the
      postsynaptic protein-catabolism process annotation, but it is not a core CUL3
      location.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Postsynaptic localization is an adaptor/substrate-specific context (CRL3 contributes
      to postsynaptic protein turnover) rather than a core CUL3 cellular component. It may
      be valid in neuronal contexts but should not be promoted to a core CUL3 location.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:12609982
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17543862
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18775313
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18850735
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19427028
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19615732
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19617556
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20389280
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20554658
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20562859
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21145461
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21577200
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21828050
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21988832
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22466964
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22542517
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22632832
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22939624
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:23563313
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:23665031
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25416956
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25502805
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25619834
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25684205
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:26949739
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:27152988
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:30190310
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:31515488
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:31652307
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:32296183
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:32814053
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:33961781
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:34591642
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:35512704
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:37207277
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:37788672
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:38225382
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:40205054
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0001822
    label: kidney development
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0006954
    label: inflammatory response
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0007229
    label: integrin-mediated signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0010467
    label: gene expression
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0016567
    label: protein ubiquitination
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold
      function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example,
        CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural
        motifs
- term:
    id: GO:0017145
    label: stem cell division
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0030163
    label: protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 participates in ubiquitin-dependent substrate catabolism rather than generic
      protein catabolism.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: >-
      The more informative process term is ubiquitin-dependent or proteasome-mediated
      ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0043161
      label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
    - id: GO:0006511
      label: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
- term:
    id: GO:0030332
    label: cyclin binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: >-
      This ortholog-transferred IEA annotation reflects CRL3-mediated targeting of cyclin
      E for ubiquitination, but direct cyclin binding by CUL3 itself is not established.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Cyclin E is a CRL3 substrate (recruited via the RhoBTB3 adaptor at the Golgi;
      PMID:24145166 and PMID:10500095), but substrate recognition is mediated by the
      BTB adaptor rather than by direct CUL3 cyclin binding. Annotating CUL3 with cyclin
      binding over-attributes adaptor/substrate recognition to the scaffold.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24145166
      supporting_text: >-
        RhoBTB3 is part of a CUL3–ubiquitin ligase complex on the Golgi that targets
        Cyclin E.
- term:
    id: GO:0040016
    label: embryonic cleavage
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0042802
    label: identical protein binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 self-association is plausible because CRL3 complexes adopt dimeric (2:2)
      architectures driven by BTB-adaptor dimerization, but this is a low-information
      binding term.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Structural studies show CRL3 complexes assemble as 2:2 dimers (a BTB-adaptor dimer
      recruiting two CUL3-RBX1 arms), so CUL3 molecules are present within a dimeric
      complex. However, identical protein binding is a generic term that does not capture
      the informative scaffold function and is retained only as non-core.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        structural/biochemical studies support **2:2 assemblies** (BTB dimer with two CUL3
        arms) in CRL3 complexes
- term:
    id: GO:0098978
    label: glutamatergic synapse
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0140252
    label: regulation protein catabolic process at postsynapse
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:22542517
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:22632832
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:25684205
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:26399832
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:29249570
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation, but this PMID is a review article and the IDA evidence code should
      be checked.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates. PMID:29249570 is a review article, so the
      process annotation can be retained but the IDA evidence code is suspicious and may
      represent an evidence-code mismatch with the accompanying NAS row.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:29249570
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:31898230
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:37628845
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:37788672
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0160072
    label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19782033
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic
      machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic
      transferase itself.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000052
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 has nucleoplasmic/nuclear localization in some contexts.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Nucleoplasmic localization is treated as a cautious cellular component annotation
      for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0015630
    label: microtubule cytoskeleton
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000052
  review:
    summary: >-
      This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for
      CUL3-adaptor biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic
      or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0005794
    label: Golgi apparatus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24145166
  review:
    summary: >-
      Direct evidence places a RhoBTB3-CUL3 ubiquitin ligase pool at the Golgi, but
      this is adaptor-specific rather than a core CUL3 location.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      PMID:24145166 supports a Golgi-localized RhoBTB3/CUL3/RBX1 complex involved in
      Cyclin E regulation. Retain the direct IDA annotation as non-core and
      adaptor-specific rather than treating Golgi localization as a general CUL3
      cellular component.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24145166
      supporting_text: >-
        RhoBTB3 is part of a CUL3–ubiquitin ligase complex on the Golgi that targets
        Cyclin E.
    - reference_id: PMID:24145166
      supporting_text: >-
        a pool of CUL3 was detected on the Golgi, as previously shown (Singer et al.,
        1999), where it colocalizes with RhoBTB3 and GCC185 (Fig. 4 A).
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:29769719
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0160072
    label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15601839
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic
      machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic
      transferase itself.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15107402
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0160072
    label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23453970
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic
      machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic
      transferase itself.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:35862218
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:35687106
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:38225631
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:39504960
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:39667934
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:35687106
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:38225631
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:39504960
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:39667934
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0034599
    label: cellular response to oxidative stress
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15601839
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15601839
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0071230
    label: cellular response to amino acid stimulus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:29769719
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0160072
    label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:29769719
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic
      machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic
      transferase itself.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:1904263
    label: positive regulation of TORC1 signaling
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:29769719
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23453970
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27708159
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 has cytoplasmic localization in some contexts.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytoplasmic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL scaffold function and should
      not be over-interpreted as a specific pathway output.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0070936
    label: protein K48-linked ubiquitination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27708159
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 complexes can mediate K48-linked ubiquitination in specific substrate
      contexts.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      K48-linked ubiquitination is a supported CRL3 output when the source evidence
      demonstrates degradative ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0160072
    label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27708159
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic
      machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic
      transferase itself.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:1900076
    label: regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27708159
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0032480
    label: negative regulation of type I interferon production
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:36394357
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0160072
    label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:36394357
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 provides ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity in CRL3 complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      This is the core molecular function of CUL3: it scaffolds RBX1/E2 catalytic
      machinery and BTB substrate adaptors rather than acting primarily as the catalytic
      transferase itself.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:25684205
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0070936
    label: protein K48-linked ubiquitination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:25684205
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 complexes can mediate K48-linked ubiquitination in specific substrate
      contexts.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      K48-linked ubiquitination is a supported CRL3 output when the source evidence
      demonstrates degradative ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:25684205
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:28169274
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19617556
  review:
    summary: >-
      This localization is not established as a core CUL3 cellular component in this
      review.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The synthesis supports CRL3 complex membership with cautious cytoplasm/nucleus
      localization; membrane, Golgi, exosome, sperm flagellum, or other specific
      locations require source-level confirmation before retention.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:26906416
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:24192928
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0000209
    label: protein polyubiquitination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14528312
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes can mediate protein polyubiquitination.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Protein polyubiquitination is a proximal CRL3 output, while substrate-specific
      downstream effects should be curated separately.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example,
        CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural
        motifs
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:14528312
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14528312
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0031625
    label: ubiquitin protein ligase binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:14528312
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is associated with ubiquitin ligase machinery, but the binding term is less
      informative than its scaffold activity.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: >-
      The evidence supports CUL3 as the scaffold component of CRL3 ligase complexes;
      ubiquitin protein ligase binding is a lower-information proxy. The CRL3 complex
      cellular-component annotation should be handled separately rather than used as an
      MF replacement.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0160072
      label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0051865
    label: protein autoubiquitination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14528312
  review:
    summary: >-
      The source supports Cul3-dependent ubiquitination by assembled BTB-Cul3-Roc1
      ligases, but it is unclear whether this row represents CUL3 autoubiquitination
      specifically.
    action: UNDECIDED
    reason: >-
      CUL3 is the scaffold in the tested ligase assemblies, while ubiquitin transfer is
      mediated by the assembled E3 complex. Source-level review is needed before
      retaining protein autoubiquitination as a direct CUL3 process annotation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14528312
      supporting_text: >-
        Here, we show that Cul3, but not other cullins, binds directly to multiple BTB
        domains through a conserved amino-terminal domain.
    - reference_id: PMID:14528312
      supporting_text: >-
        In vitro, Cul3 promoted ubiquitination of Caenorhabditis elegans MEI-1, a
        katanin-like protein whose degradation requires the function of both Cul3 and
        BTB protein MEL-26.
- term:
    id: GO:0061630
    label: ubiquitin protein ligase activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14528312
  review:
    summary: >-
      The ubiquitin ligase activity belongs to the assembled CRL3 complex; CUL3 itself
      is best represented as the scaffold.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: >-
      For CUL3, ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity is the more accurate
      molecular function than a catalytic ubiquitin-protein transferase term.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0160072
      label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:0031208
    label: POZ domain binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14528312
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 binds BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors in CRL3 complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      POZ/BTB-domain adaptor binding is part of the core CRL3 scaffold architecture.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
- term:
    id: GO:0000922
    label: spindle pole
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23213400
  review:
    summary: >-
      This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for
      CUL3-adaptor biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic
      or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:23213400
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23213400
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 has nuclear localization in some contexts.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Nuclear localization is plausible for CUL3, but the review treats it as a broad
      compartment annotation rather than a pathway-specific function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005813
    label: centrosome
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23213400
  review:
    summary: >-
      This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for
      CUL3-adaptor biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic
      or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0016567
    label: protein ubiquitination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23213400
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold
      function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example,
        CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural
        motifs
- term:
    id: GO:0072686
    label: mitotic spindle
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23213400
  review:
    summary: >-
      This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for
      CUL3-adaptor biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic
      or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:1901992
    label: positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:23213400
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:29276004
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:28395323
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 has cytoplasmic localization in some contexts.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytoplasmic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL scaffold function and should
      not be over-interpreted as a specific pathway output.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0036126
    label: sperm flagellum
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:28395323
  review:
    summary: >-
      This localization is not established as a core CUL3 cellular component in this
      review.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The synthesis supports CRL3 complex membership with cautious cytoplasm/nucleus
      localization; membrane, Golgi, exosome, sperm flagellum, or other specific
      locations require source-level confirmation before retention.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
- term:
    id: GO:0031398
    label: positive regulation of protein ubiquitination
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:24844779
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0031648
    label: protein destabilization
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:24844779
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22748208
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:23776465
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:26399832
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-8932327
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 can be represented in cytosolic CRL3 pathway contexts.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 scaffold biology, although
      repetitive Reactome cytosol rows are left mostly pending for source-level review.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-8952631
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-8956040
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9712274
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9755505
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9755507
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9758090
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9759169
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9759172
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766645
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766656
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766677
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766687
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005112
    label: Notch binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25401743
  review:
    summary: >-
      This annotation derives from a study of KCTD10 (a CUL3 BTB adaptor) in Notch
      signaling during embryonic development, but direct CUL3-Notch binding is not the
      core scaffold function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      PMID:25401743 links the CUL3-KCTD10 module to Notch signaling, but substrate
      recognition is mediated by the KCTD10 adaptor rather than direct CUL3-Notch binding.
      Notch binding is a substrate-contextual, low-information MF that over-attributes
      adaptor/substrate recognition to the CUL3 scaffold.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
- term:
    id: GO:0006511
    label: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:25401743
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:26334369
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:27561354
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0006511
    label: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27561354
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0071630
    label: nuclear protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27561354
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0031145
    label: anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:10500095
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25270598
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21778237
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-5635854
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as nucleoplasmic in Reactome GLI/Hedgehog CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Nuclear/nucleoplasmic localization is plausible for CUL3 in specific pathway
      contexts (e.g. SPOP-CUL3 acting on GLI transcription factors); this is treated as a
      cautious broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other
      accepted nucleus/nucleoplasm rows.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-5635855
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as nucleoplasmic in Reactome GLI/Hedgehog CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Nuclear/nucleoplasmic localization is plausible for CUL3 in specific pathway
      contexts (e.g. SPOP-CUL3 acting on GLI transcription factors); this is treated as a
      cautious broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other
      accepted nucleus/nucleoplasm rows.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-5635856
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as nucleoplasmic in Reactome GLI/Hedgehog CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Nuclear/nucleoplasmic localization is plausible for CUL3 in specific pathway
      contexts (e.g. SPOP-CUL3 acting on GLI transcription factors); this is treated as a
      cautious broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other
      accepted nucleus/nucleoplasm rows.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0007080
    label: mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17543862
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0007080
    label: mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19995937
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0045842
    label: positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17543862
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24768539
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: HDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19946888
  review:
    summary: >-
      This localization is not established as a core CUL3 cellular component in this
      review.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The synthesis supports CRL3 complex membership with cautious cytoplasm/nucleus
      localization; membrane, Golgi, exosome, sperm flagellum, or other specific
      locations require source-level confirmation before retention.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
- term:
    id: GO:0070062
    label: extracellular exosome
  evidence_type: HDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19056867
  review:
    summary: >-
      This localization is not established as a core CUL3 cellular component in this
      review.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The synthesis supports CRL3 complex membership with cautious cytoplasm/nucleus
      localization; membrane, Golgi, exosome, sperm flagellum, or other specific
      locations require source-level confirmation before retention.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19158078
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22578813
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23453970
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23576762
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18397884
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-1504190
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 can be represented in cytosolic CRL3 pathway contexts.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 scaffold biology, although
      repetitive Reactome cytosol rows are left mostly pending for source-level review.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-1504193
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-1504213
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-5658424
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-8952630
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-8955241
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-8955289
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9018778
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9018787
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9706390
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9929484
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9929486
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9929490
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is represented as cytosolic in Reactome CRL3 pathway reactions.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Cytosolic localization is compatible with CUL3 CRL3 scaffold function; this is a
      broad-compartment cellular component annotation consistent with the other accepted
      cytosol/cytoplasm rows for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Cytosol/cytoplasm and nucleus (plausible but evidence here is limited):**
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23455478
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0000209
    label: protein polyubiquitination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19261606
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes can mediate protein polyubiquitination.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Protein polyubiquitination is a proximal CRL3 output, while substrate-specific
      downstream effects should be curated separately.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example,
        CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural
        motifs
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
- term:
    id: GO:0004842
    label: ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19261606
  qualifier: contributes_to
  review:
    summary: >-
      The ubiquitin ligase activity belongs to the assembled CRL3 complex; CUL3 itself
      is best represented as the scaffold.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: >-
      For CUL3, ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity is the more accurate
      molecular function than a catalytic ubiquitin-protein transferase term.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0160072
      label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19261606
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0031208
    label: POZ domain binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19261606
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 binds BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors in CRL3 complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      POZ/BTB-domain adaptor binding is part of the core CRL3 scaffold architecture.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19261606
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0032467
    label: positive regulation of cytokinesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19261606
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19261606
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0004842
    label: ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15983046
  qualifier: contributes_to
  review:
    summary: >-
      The ubiquitin ligase activity belongs to the assembled CRL3 complex; CUL3 itself
      is best represented as the scaffold.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: >-
      For CUL3, ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity is the more accurate
      molecular function than a catalytic ubiquitin-protein transferase term.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0160072
      label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15983046
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0006513
    label: protein monoubiquitination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22358839
  review:
    summary: >-
      Some CUL3-adaptor complexes mediate monoubiquitination rather than degradative
      polyubiquitination.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Protein monoubiquitination is a valid adaptor/substrate-specific CUL3 output, but
      it is not the main degradative CRL3 process summarized as core.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0006888
    label: endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22358839
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0007229
    label: integrin-mediated signaling pathway
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0017145
    label: stem cell division
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22358839
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0040016
    label: embryonic cleavage
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: >-
      This automated or broad pathway annotation is downstream of CUL3-adaptor substrate
      biology rather than a core CUL3 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      The Falcon synthesis warns against promoting broad pathway, development, disease,
      or phenotype terms to core CUL3 annotations without direct mechanistic evidence at
      the annotated pathway node.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0048208
    label: COPII vesicle coating
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:22358839
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18826954
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0004842
    label: ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19782033
  qualifier: contributes_to
  review:
    summary: >-
      The ubiquitin ligase activity belongs to the assembled CRL3 complex; CUL3 itself
      is best represented as the scaffold.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: >-
      For CUL3, ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity is the more accurate
      molecular function than a catalytic ubiquitin-protein transferase term.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0160072
      label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:0016477
    label: cell migration
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19782033
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0016567
    label: protein ubiquitination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19782033
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold
      function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example,
        CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural
        motifs
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19782033
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0035024
    label: negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19782033
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0043149
    label: stress fiber assembly
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19782033
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19782033
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20389280
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes support ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal substrate
      degradation.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent catabolism is a canonical proximal output
      for many CRL3 substrate-adaptor complexes, while non-degradative ubiquitination
      remains a caveat for some substrates.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews
        explicitly describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a
        CRL3 output
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        not all CUL3-dependent ubiquitination is degradative
- term:
    id: GO:0004842
    label: ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20389280
  qualifier: contributes_to
  review:
    summary: >-
      The ubiquitin ligase activity belongs to the assembled CRL3 complex; CUL3 itself
      is best represented as the scaffold.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: >-
      For CUL3, ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity is the more accurate
      molecular function than a catalytic ubiquitin-protein transferase term.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0160072
      label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        evidence best supports a CUL3 annotation consistent with **“ubiquitin ligase
        complex scaffold activity”** / **E3 ligase scaffold** rather than
        “ubiquitin-protein transferase activity” (which is catalytic and typically
        attributed to the E2/E3 catalytic machinery rather than the scaffold)
- term:
    id: GO:0005827
    label: polar microtubule
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19995937
  review:
    summary: >-
      This cytoskeleton/centrosome/spindle localization is likely context-specific for
      CUL3-adaptor biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      Centrosome, spindle, and cytoskeletal annotations may be valid in specific mitotic
      or adaptor contexts but are not the core CUL3 location.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        **Membrane/centrosome/cytoskeleton claims require caution:**
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0016567
    label: protein ubiquitination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17543862
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold
      function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example,
        CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural
        motifs
- term:
    id: GO:0016567
    label: protein ubiquitination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19995937
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold
      function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example,
        CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural
        motifs
- term:
    id: GO:0016567
    label: protein ubiquitination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20389280
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3-containing CRL3 complexes mediate protein ubiquitination.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      Protein ubiquitination is the proximal biological process output of CUL3 scaffold
      function in CRL3 E3 ligase complexes.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example,
        CRL3^KLHL22 assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural
        motifs
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17543862
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19995937
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0031463
    label: Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20389280
  review:
    summary: >-
      CUL3 is a core component of Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: >-
      CRL3 complex membership is a core cellular component annotation for CUL3.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a
        **RING protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain
        substrate adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        direct structural evidence places CUL3 in CRL3 assemblies containing RBX1 and
        BTB adaptors
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18573101
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a generic protein binding annotation supported by a pairwise or
      high-throughput interaction; the informative CUL3 interactions (BTB/POZ adaptor
      binding, RBX1, regulators) are captured by more specific terms.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: >-
      Bare protein binding (GO:0005515) is low-information and should not be retained as a
      core CUL3 molecular function. CUL3's biologically meaningful interactions with
      BTB/POZ-domain substrate adaptors are already captured by POZ domain binding
      (GO:0031208), and its scaffold role by ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
      (GO:0160072). Many of these rows derive from large-scale interactome or affinity
      screens and capture adaptor, substrate, or non-specific partners rather than a
      distinct CUL3 function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        Avoid annotating CUL3 with generic “protein binding” or “ubiquitin protein
        ligase binding” unless the evidence is specifically required for MF, because
        these terms are often **low-information** and may reflect experimental detection
        rather than biological specificity.
- term:
    id: GO:0000082
    label: G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:8681378
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0008284
    label: positive regulation of cell population proliferation
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:9733711
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
- term:
    id: GO:0097193
    label: intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:8681378
  review:
    summary: >-
      This is a substrate-, adaptor-, or phenotype-specific downstream process for CUL3.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: >-
      The process can be retained as non-core where source evidence supports a specific
      CUL3-adaptor substrate context, but the core CUL3 function remains CRL3
      scaffold-mediated ubiquitination.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: >-
        oxidative stress response, blood pressure/electrolyte phenotypes,
        neurodevelopmental phenotypes, or cancer-associated phenotypes can be downstream
        of CUL3-dependent substrate regulation. These should not be treated as core CUL3
        BP terms without direct mechanistic evidence that CUL3’s scaffold activity is
        required in the specific pathway node being annotated.
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000002
  title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO
    terms
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000024
  title: Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs
    by curator judgment of sequence similarity
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
  title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location
    vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by
    UniProt
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000052
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000107
  title: Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to
    orthologs using Ensembl Compara
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000108
  title: Automatic assignment of GO terms using logical inference, based on on inter-ontology
    links
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000117
  title: Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000120
  title: Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10500095
  title: Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S phase in mammalian
    cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12609982
  title: TIP120A associates with cullins and modulates ubiquitin ligase activity.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14528312
  title: Targeting of protein ubiquitination by BTB-Cullin 3-Roc1 ubiquitin ligases.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15107402
  title: RhoBTB2 is a substrate of the mammalian Cul3 ubiquitin ligase complex.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15601839
  title: BTB protein Keap1 targets antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 for ubiquitination
    by the Cullin 3-Roc1 ligase.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15983046
  title: Ubiquitination of Keap1, a BTB-Kelch substrate adaptor protein for Cul3,
    targets Keap1 for degradation by a proteasome-independent pathway.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17543862
  title: A Cul3-based E3 ligase removes Aurora B from mitotic chromosomes, regulating
    mitotic progression and completion of cytokinesis in human cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18397884
  title: Regulation of TIP60 by ATF2 modulates ATM activation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18573101
  title: KCTD5, a putative substrate adaptor for cullin3 ubiquitin ligases.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18775313
  title: UBXD7 binds multiple ubiquitin ligases and implicates p97 in HIF1alpha turnover.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18826954
  title: SCCRO (DCUN1D1) is an essential component of the E3 complex for neddylation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18850735
  title: Characterization of the human COP9 signalosome complex using affinity purification
    and mass spectrometry.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19056867
  title: Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19158078
  title: Control of rapsyn stability by the CUL-3-containing E3 ligase complex.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19261606
  title: The Cul3/Klhdc5 E3 ligase regulates p60/katanin and is required for normal
    mitosis in mammalian cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19427028
  title: Cullin3-based polyubiquitination and p62-dependent aggregation of caspase-8
    mediate extrinsic apoptosis signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19615732
  title: Defining the human deubiquitinating enzyme interaction landscape.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19617556
  title: The human Dcn1-like protein DCNL3 promotes Cul3 neddylation at membranes.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19782033
  title: Cullin mediates degradation of RhoA through evolutionarily conserved BTB
    adaptors to control actin cytoskeleton structure and cell movement.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19946888
  title: Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19995937
  title: The Cul3-KLHL21 E3 ubiquitin ligase targets aurora B to midzone microtubules
    in anaphase and is required for cytokinesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20389280
  title: The Cullin 3 substrate adaptor KLHL20 mediates DAPK ubiquitination to control
    interferon responses.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20554658
  title: Kelch-like homologue 9 mutation is associated with an early onset autosomal
    dominant distal myopathy.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20562859
  title: Network organization of the human autophagy system.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21145461
  title: Dynamics of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase network revealed by systematic quantitative
    proteomics.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21577200
  title: Tumor-suppressor role for the SPOP ubiquitin ligase in signal-dependent proteolysis
    of the oncogenic co-activator SRC-3/AIB1.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21778237
  title: COMMD1 (copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing protein 1) regulates Cullin
    RING ligases by preventing CAND1 (Cullin-associated Nedd8-dissociated protein
    1) binding.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21828050
  title: Ubiquitin ligase activity of Cul3-KLHL7 protein is attenuated by autosomal
    dominant retinitis pigmentosa causative mutation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21988832
  title: Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network of the human liver.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22358839
  title: Ubiquitin-dependent regulation of COPII coat size and function.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22466964
  title: NEDD8 links cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase function to the p97 pathway.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22542517
  title: KBTBD13 interacts with Cullin 3 to form a functional ubiquitin ligase.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22578813
  title: Translational homeostasis via the mRNA cap-binding protein, eIF4E.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22632832
  title: Adaptor protein self-assembly drives the control of a cullin-RING ubiquitin
    ligase.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22748208
  title: A homozygous mutation in KCTD7 links neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis to the
    ubiquitin-proteasome system.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22939624
  title: Quantitative analysis of HSP90-client interactions reveals principles of
    substrate recognition.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23213400
  title: The CUL3-KLHL18 ligase regulates mitotic entry and ubiquitylates Aurora-A.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23453970
  title: Impaired KLHL3-mediated ubiquitination of WNK4 causes human hypertension.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23455478
  title: Ubiquitylation-dependent localization of PLK1 in mitosis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23563313
  title: CCDC22 deficiency in humans blunts activation of proinflammatory NF-κB signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23576762
  title: Kelch-like 3 and Cullin 3 regulate electrolyte homeostasis via ubiquitination
    and degradation of WNK4.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23665031
  title: Disease-causing mutations in KLHL3 impair its effect on WNK4 degradation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23776465
  title: Myeloma overexpressed 2 (Myeov2) regulates L11 subnuclear localization through
    Nedd8 modification.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24145166
  title: Golgi-associated RhoBTB3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitylation and promotes
    cell cycle progression.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24192928
  title: Oncogenic function of SCCRO5/DCUN1D5 requires its Neddylation E3 activity
    and nuclear localization.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24768539
  title: K33-Linked Polyubiquitination of Coronin 7 by Cul3-KLHL20 Ubiquitin E3 Ligase
    Regulates Protein Trafficking.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24844779
  title: Hypoxia-responsive microRNA-101 promotes angiogenesis via heme oxygenase-1/vascular
    endothelial growth factor axis by targeting cullin 3.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25270598
  title: Ubiquitin-proteasome system controls ciliogenesis at the initial step of
    axoneme extension.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25401743
  title: KCTD10 is involved in the cardiovascular system and Notch signaling during
    early embryonic development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25416956
  title: A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25502805
  title: A massively parallel pipeline to clone DNA variants and examine molecular
    phenotypes of human disease mutations.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25619834
  title: KLHL39 suppresses colon cancer metastasis by blocking KLHL20-mediated PML
    and DAPK ubiquitination.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25684205
  title: CUL3-KBTBD6/KBTBD7 ubiquitin ligase cooperates with GABARAP proteins to spatially
    restrict TIAM1-RAC1 signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:26334369
  title: Structural Insights into KCTD Protein Assembly and Cullin3 Recognition.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:26399832
  title: Cell-fate determination by ubiquitin-dependent regulation of translation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:26906416
  title: Characterization of the mammalian family of DCN-type NEDD8 E3 ligases.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:26949739
  title: Identification of Human Neuronal Protein Complexes Reveals Biochemical Activities
    and Convergent Mechanisms of Action in Autism Spectrum Disorders.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:27152988
  title: The BTB domains of the potassium channel tetramerization domain proteins
    prevalently assume pentameric states.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:27561354
  title: Cullin3-KLHL15 ubiquitin ligase mediates CtIP protein turnover to fine-tune
    DNA-end resection.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:27708159
  title: Insulin resistance and diabetes caused by genetic or diet-induced KBTBD2
    deficiency in mice.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:28169274
  title: Armc5 deletion causes developmental defects and compromises T-cell immune
    responses.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:28395323
  title: 'Defining the human sperm microtubulome: an integrated genomics approach.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:29249570
  title: Cullin 3-Based Ubiquitin Ligases as Master Regulators of Mammalian Cell Differentiation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:29276004
  title: Missense Variants in RHOBTB2 Cause a Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy
    in Humans, and Altered Levels Cause Neurological Defects in Drosophila.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:29769719
  title: KLHL22 activates amino-acid-dependent mTORC1 signalling to promote tumorigenesis
    and ageing.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:30190310
  title: Dimerization quality control ensures neuronal development and survival.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:31515488
  title: Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic variants across the
    allele frequency spectrum in human populations.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:31652307
  title: Kelch-like protein 5-mediated ubiquitination of lysine 183 promotes proteasomal
    degradation of sphingosine kinase 1.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:31898230
  title: 'CRL3s: The BTB-CUL3-RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligases.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:32296183
  title: A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:32814053
  title: Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative Disease Proteins
    and Uncovers Widespread Protein Aggregation in Affected Brains.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:33961781
  title: Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling of the human
    interactome.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:34591642
  title: A protein network map of head and neck cancer reveals PIK3CA mutant drug
    sensitivity.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:35512704
  title: Systematic discovery of mutation-directed neo-protein-protein interactions
    in cancer.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:35687106
  title: ARMC5 is part of an RPB1-specific ubiquitin ligase implicated in adrenal
    hyperplasia.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:35862218
  title: ARMC5-CUL3 E3 ligase targets full-length SREBF in adrenocortical tumors.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:36394357
  title: XAF1 prevents hyperproduction of type I interferon upon viral infection by
    targeting IRF7.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:37207277
  title: Using brain cell-type-specific protein interactomes to interpret neurodevelopmental
    genetic signals in schizophrenia.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:37628845
  title: The Role of PIK3R1 in Metabolic Function and Insulin Sensitivity.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:37788672
  title: Cryo-EM structure of the KLHL22 E3 ligase bound to an oligomeric metabolic
    enzyme.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:38225382
  title: Systematic discovery of protein interaction interfaces using AlphaFold and
    experimental validation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:38225631
  title: ARMC5 controls the degradation of most Pol II subunits, and ARMC5 mutation
    increases neural tube defect risks in mice and humans.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:39504960
  title: Redundant pathways for removal of defective RNA polymerase II complexes at
    a promoter-proximal pause checkpoint.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:39667934
  title: CRL3(ARMC5) ubiquitin ligase and Integrator phosphatase form parallel mechanisms
    to control early stages of RNA Pol II transcription.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:40205054
  title: Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and functional genomics.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:8681378
  title: cul-1 is required for cell cycle exit in C. elegans and identifies a novel
    gene family.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:9733711
  title: Cloning and expression analysis of a novel salicylate suppressible gene,
    Hs-CUL-3, a member of cullin/Cdc53 family.
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-1504190
  title: DVL is ubiquitinated by CUL3:KLHL12:RBX1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-1504193
  title: Ubiquitinated DVL is degraded by the proteasome
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-1504213
  title: DVL is bound by the CUL3:KLHL12:RBX1 ubiquitin ligase complex
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-5635854
  title: GLI2,3 are degraded by the proteasome
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-5635855
  title: phosphorylated GLI proteins bind SPOP:CUL3:RBX1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-5635856
  title: SPOP:CUL3:RBX1 ubiquitinates GLI2,3
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-5658424
  title: KBTBD7:CUL3:RBX1 ubiquitinates NF1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-8932327
  title: NFE2L2 binds KEAP1:NEDD8-CUL3:RBX1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-8952630
  title: NEDD8:AcM-UBE2M binds CRL3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-8952631
  title: AcM-UBE2M transfers NEDD8 to CRL3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-8955241
  title: CAND1 binds cytosolic CRL E3 ubiquitin ligases
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-8955289
  title: COMMDs displace CAND1 from cytosolic CRL E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-8956040
  title: COP9 signalosome deneddylates cytosolic CRL E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9018778
  title: RHOBTB1 binds interacting proteins at the endosome membrane
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9018787
  title: RHOBTB2 binds interacting proteins at the endosome membrane
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9706390
  title: RHOBTB3 binds interacting proteins at trans-Golgi network
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9712274
  title: NFE2L2 inducers bind to KEAP1:CUL3:RBX1:NFE2L2
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9755505
  title: KEAP1:NEDD8-CUL3:RBX1 complex ubiquitinates NFE2L2
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9755507
  title: UBXN7:UBF1:NPLOC4:VCP hexamer binds NFE2L2:CRL3 complex
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9758090
  title: Ubiquitinated NFE2L2 is extracted from CRL3 complex for degradation
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9759169
  title: p-S349 SQSTM1 oligomer binds KEAP1:CUL3:RBX1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9759172
  title: KEAP1:CUL3:RBX1 ubiquitinates p-S349 SQSTM1 oligomer
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766645
  title: CUL3:RBX1 ubiquitinates KEAP1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766656
  title: RBX1:CUL3 dissociates from forming autophagosome
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766677
  title: MAP1LC3B binds KEAP1 and SQSTM1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9766687
  title: SESN1,SESN1 bind SQSTM1 and KEAP1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9929484
  title: SPOP:CUL3:RBX1 binds to CD274
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9929486
  title: SPOP-mediated degradation of CD274 by 26S Proteosome
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9929490
  title: CD274 ubiquitination by SPOP:CUL3:RBX1 complex
  findings: []
- id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
  title: Falcon deep research report on CUL3
  findings: []
core_functions:
- molecular_function:
    id: GO:0160072
    label: ubiquitin ligase complex scaffold activity
  description: >-
    CUL3 is the scaffold of CRL3 cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes,
    connecting RBX1/E2 catalytic machinery to BTB-domain substrate adaptors.
    This scaffold function drives substrate ubiquitination, including
    polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation in many adaptor
    contexts, while non-degradative ubiquitination and downstream phenotypes are
    substrate-specific.
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0016567
    label: protein ubiquitination
  - id: GO:0000209
    label: protein polyubiquitination
  - id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  - id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
    supporting_text: >-
      CUL3 is the **central scaffold** of CRL3 ubiquitin ligases, bridging (i) a **RING
      protein (RBX1)** that recruits E2~ubiquitin and (ii) **BTB-domain substrate
      adaptor/receptor proteins** that recruit specific substrates.
  - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
    supporting_text: >-
      Multiple CRL3 systems demonstrate ubiquitination output; for example, CRL3^KLHL22
      assays support ubiquitination activity dependence on CUL3 structural motifs
  - reference_id: file:human/CUL3/CUL3-deep-research-falcon.md
    supporting_text: >-
      Proteasomal targeting is a canonical outcome for many CRLs, and reviews explicitly
      describe substrate ubiquitination “for proteasomal degradation” as a CRL3 output
proposed_new_terms: []
suggested_questions:
- question: >-
    Which generic protein-binding rows correspond to direct CUL3-BTB adaptor,
    RBX1, substrate, or regulator interactions that should be converted to more
    informative terms?
- question: >-
    Which substrate-specific pathway and phenotype annotations have direct CUL3
    scaffold-dependent evidence rather than adaptor/substrate or disease-context
    inference?
- question: >-
    Which annotations should distinguish CUL3's core scaffold activity from CRL3
    regulation by neddylation, deneddylation, CSN, and CAND1-mediated adaptor exchange?
suggested_experiments:
- description: >-
    Review CRL3 adaptor modules one at a time, separating CUL3 scaffold activity
    from adaptor-specific substrate recognition and downstream pathway outputs.
- description: >-
    Prioritize source-level review of membrane, Golgi, centrosome, spindle,
    cytoskeleton, and synaptic localization claims before retaining them as CUL3
    cellular component annotations.