GLA

UniProt ID: P06280
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

GLA encodes alpha-galactosidase A, a soluble lysosomal glycosidase and homodimeric glycoprotein that hydrolyzes terminal alpha-D-galactose residues from glycosphingolipids, especially globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and related glycolipids, in the lysosomal lumen. Loss of GLA activity causes Fabry disease, where Gb3/GL-3 and downstream lyso-Gb3 accumulate in lysosomes; recombinant or secreted enzyme can be taken up by cells through mannose-6-phosphate/sortilin/megalin receptor-mediated trafficking, but receptor binding and extracellular detection are secondary to the core lysosomal catabolic role.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
REMOVE
Summary: Phylogenetic cytoplasm annotation conflicts with the established lysosomal-lumen localization of human GLA.
Reason: The reviewed evidence supports lysosome/lysosomal lumen and secretory trafficking, not a cytoplasmic active location for this soluble lysosomal hydrolase.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Cytoplasm annotations are not supported by the accessible GLA evidence reviewed here; the direct localization papers support lysosome/lysosomal lumen, secretory trafficking, extracellular secretion/uptake, and overexpression-associated TGN aggregates instead.
GO:0004557 alpha-galactosidase activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Alpha-galactosidase activity is the core molecular function of GLA.
Reason: Multiple biochemical, disease-variant, Reactome, and UniProt lines support EC 3.2.1.22 alpha-galactosidase activity toward alpha-D-galactosides/glycosphingolipids.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
file:human/GLA/GLA-deep-research-falcon.md
Primary molecular function.** Lysosomal **α‑galactosidase A** (EC **3.2.1.22**) that removes terminal **α‑galactose** from glycoconjugates
GO:0009311 oligosaccharide metabolic process
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Oligosaccharide metabolic process reflects the broader substrate class of alpha-galactosidases but is not the best summary of the human GLA core pathway.
Reason: The central physiological process for GLA is lysosomal glycosphingolipid catabolism, while oligosaccharide substrate turnover is secondary/broader.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0016139 glycoside catabolic process
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
MODIFY
Summary: Glycoside catabolic process is directionally correct but too broad for the characterized human GLA pathway.
Reason: The specific core biological process supported for human GLA is glycosphingolipid catabolic process.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0004553 hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: Hydrolase activity hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds is true but too broad for the characterized GLA enzyme activity.
Reason: The specific supported molecular function is alpha-galactosidase activity.
Proposed replacements: alpha-galactosidase activity
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0004557 alpha-galactosidase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Alpha-galactosidase activity is the core molecular function of GLA.
Reason: Multiple biochemical, disease-variant, Reactome, and UniProt lines support EC 3.2.1.22 alpha-galactosidase activity toward alpha-D-galactosides/glycosphingolipids.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0005576 extracellular region
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Automated extracellular-region annotation reflects secretion/extracellular recovery of a lysosomal enzyme rather than the core site of action.
Reason: GLA can be secreted or detected extracellularly, but the central functional compartment remains the lysosomal lumen.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Extracellular-region, extracellular-exosome, and azurophil-granule annotations are best treated as non-core localization/trafficking observations; they do not change the core function from lysosomal glycosphingolipid catabolism.
GO:0005764 lysosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Automated lysosome annotation is consistent with the established subcellular location of alpha-galactosidase A.
Reason: The enzyme is a lysosomal hydrolase acting in glycosphingolipid degradation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
The physiologically central compartment is the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: Carbohydrate metabolic process is a very broad automated inference from glycosidase domains.
Reason: Human GLA should be represented by the more specific lysosomal glycosphingolipid catabolic process.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0046479 glycosphingolipid catabolic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: Glycosphingolipid catabolic process captures the core biological process of lysosomal GLA activity.
Reason: GLA hydrolyzes Gb3Cer/Gal2Cer and Fabry disease results from impaired glycosphingolipid degradation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Reactome models the core lysosomal reaction as GLA hydrolyzing saposin-B-mobilized Gb3Cer and Gal2Cer in the lysosomal lumen:
file:human/GLA/GLA-deep-research-falcon.md
GLA function sits within lysosomal **glycosphingolipid catabolism**
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21949853
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of Ξ±-galactosidase A in human ...
MODIFY
Summary: Sortilin/M6PR/megalin uptake data support receptor binding rather than generic protein binding.
Reason: The biologically interpretable function is binding endocytic/sorting receptors during uptake of secreted or therapeutic GLA.
Proposed replacements: signaling receptor binding
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Recombinant or secreted alpha-Gal A can bind endocytic/sorting receptors for uptake:
file:human/GLA/GLA-deep-research-falcon.md
Additional uptake routes reported in kidney cells include **sortilin** and **megalin**.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:33961781
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: High-throughput interactome evidence gives only a generic protein-binding annotation and does not define GLA function.
Reason: Generic protein binding is not informative for a lysosomal enzyme and these high-throughput interactions are not sufficient to add a core or specific GLA molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Generic protein binding is not informative for GLA.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:36115835
Quantitative fragmentomics allow affinity mapping of interac...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: High-throughput interactome evidence gives only a generic protein-binding annotation and does not define GLA function.
Reason: Generic protein binding is not informative for a lysosomal enzyme and these high-throughput interactions are not sufficient to add a core or specific GLA molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Generic protein binding is not informative for GLA.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:40205054
Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and func...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: High-throughput interactome evidence gives only a generic protein-binding annotation and does not define GLA function.
Reason: Generic protein binding is not informative for a lysosomal enzyme and these high-throughput interactions are not sufficient to add a core or specific GLA molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Generic protein binding is not informative for GLA.
GO:0004557 alpha-galactosidase activity
IMP
PMID:10838196
Characterization of two alpha-galactosidase mutants (Q279E a...
ACCEPT
Summary: Alpha-galactosidase activity is the core molecular function of GLA.
Reason: Multiple biochemical, disease-variant, Reactome, and UniProt lines support EC 3.2.1.22 alpha-galactosidase activity toward alpha-D-galactosides/glycosphingolipids.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0004557 alpha-galactosidase activity
IDA
PMID:8804427
Only sphingolipid activator protein B (SAP-B or saposin B) s...
ACCEPT
Summary: Alpha-galactosidase activity is the core molecular function of GLA.
Reason: Multiple biochemical, disease-variant, Reactome, and UniProt lines support EC 3.2.1.22 alpha-galactosidase activity toward alpha-D-galactosides/glycosphingolipids.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0046479 glycosphingolipid catabolic process
IMP
PMID:10838196
Characterization of two alpha-galactosidase mutants (Q279E a...
ACCEPT
Summary: Glycosphingolipid catabolic process captures the core biological process of lysosomal GLA activity.
Reason: GLA hydrolyzes Gb3Cer/Gal2Cer and Fabry disease results from impaired glycosphingolipid degradation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Reactome models the core lysosomal reaction as GLA hydrolyzing saposin-B-mobilized Gb3Cer and Gal2Cer in the lysosomal lumen:
GO:0046479 glycosphingolipid catabolic process
IDA
PMID:8804427
Only sphingolipid activator protein B (SAP-B or saposin B) s...
ACCEPT
Summary: Glycosphingolipid catabolic process captures the core biological process of lysosomal GLA activity.
Reason: GLA hydrolyzes Gb3Cer/Gal2Cer and Fabry disease results from impaired glycosphingolipid degradation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Reactome models the core lysosomal reaction as GLA hydrolyzing saposin-B-mobilized Gb3Cer and Gal2Cer in the lysosomal lumen:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6798751
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome extracellular-region placement is compatible with neutrophil degranulation/exocytosis but is not the core GLA location.
Reason: Extracellular release is a localization/trafficking observation; the catalytic role is lysosomal glycosphingolipid catabolism.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Extracellular-region, extracellular-exosome, and azurophil-granule annotations are best treated as non-core localization/trafficking observations; they do not change the core function from lysosomal glycosphingolipid catabolism.
GO:0035578 azurophil granule lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6798751
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Azurophil-granule lumen placement is a specialized neutrophil granule localization and not the core site of GLA activity.
Reason: Azurophil granules are lysosome-related secretory granules, whereas the conserved function is lysosomal lumen glycosphingolipid degradation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Extracellular-region, extracellular-exosome, and azurophil-granule annotations are best treated as non-core localization/trafficking observations; they do not change the core function from lysosomal glycosphingolipid catabolism.
GO:0004557 alpha-galactosidase activity
IDA
PMID:27211852
A novel mutation of Ξ±-galactosidase A gene causes Fabry dise...
ACCEPT
Summary: Alpha-galactosidase activity is the core molecular function of GLA.
Reason: Multiple biochemical, disease-variant, Reactome, and UniProt lines support EC 3.2.1.22 alpha-galactosidase activity toward alpha-D-galactosides/glycosphingolipids.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
HDA
PMID:23533145
In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expres...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: High-throughput detection in urinary/prostatic exosome preparations is a non-core extracellular-vesicle localization.
Reason: Exosome proteomics can capture secreted lysosomal enzymes, but it does not define the core compartment where GLA acts.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Extracellular-region, extracellular-exosome, and azurophil-granule annotations are best treated as non-core localization/trafficking observations; they do not change the core function from lysosomal glycosphingolipid catabolism.
GO:0043202 lysosomal lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1605736
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome lysosomal-lumen annotation accompanies the modeled Gb3Cer hydrolysis reaction.
Reason: The lysosomal lumen is the physiologically central compartment for GLA glycosphingolipid hydrolysis.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
The physiologically central compartment is the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0043202 lysosomal lumen
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9841189
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome lysosomal-lumen annotation accompanies the modeled Gal2Cer hydrolysis reaction.
Reason: The lysosomal lumen is the physiologically central compartment for GLA glycosphingolipid hydrolysis.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
The physiologically central compartment is the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0046477 glycosylceramide catabolic process
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MODIFY
Summary: Glycosylceramide catabolic process is narrower/less appropriate than the established glycosphingolipid catabolic role for GLA.
Reason: Human GLA acts on glycosphingolipids such as Gb3Cer and Gal2Cer; the replacement term captures that broader, well-supported pathway.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Reactome models the core lysosomal reaction as GLA hydrolyzing saposin-B-mobilized Gb3Cer and Gal2Cer in the lysosomal lumen:
GO:0004557 alpha-galactosidase activity
IMP
PMID:16372133
Comparison of the effects of agalsidase alfa and agalsidase ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Alpha-galactosidase activity is the core molecular function of GLA.
Reason: Multiple biochemical, disease-variant, Reactome, and UniProt lines support EC 3.2.1.22 alpha-galactosidase activity toward alpha-D-galactosides/glycosphingolipids.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0045019 negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Nitric oxide biosynthesis regulation is a downstream disease/orthology phenotype, not a direct core process of the GLA hydrolase.
Reason: The accessible evidence supports lysosomal glycosphingolipid degradation; NO regulation should not be represented as a human GLA core biological process.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Nitric-oxide and nitric-oxide-synthase regulation annotations are downstream Fabry-disease/orthology phenotypes rather than direct activities of the lysosomal hydrolase; they should not be represented as core biological processes for human GLA.
GO:0051001 negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Nitric-oxide synthase activity regulation is a downstream disease/orthology phenotype, not a direct process executed by GLA.
Reason: The core biology is lysosomal glycosphingolipid catabolism, and NOS regulation is too indirect for a core GLA annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Nitric-oxide and nitric-oxide-synthase regulation annotations are downstream Fabry-disease/orthology phenotypes rather than direct activities of the lysosomal hydrolase; they should not be represented as core biological processes for human GLA.
GO:0003824 catalytic activity
IDA
PMID:39940
Studies on human liver alpha-galactosidases. I. Purification...
MODIFY
Summary: Catalytic activity is too generic for the purified alpha-galactosidase A assay evidence.
Reason: The direct assay supports the specific alpha-galactosidase activity term rather than generic catalytic activity.
Proposed replacements: alpha-galactosidase activity
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0004557 alpha-galactosidase activity
IDA
PMID:39940
Studies on human liver alpha-galactosidases. I. Purification...
ACCEPT
Summary: Alpha-galactosidase activity is the core molecular function of GLA.
Reason: Multiple biochemical, disease-variant, Reactome, and UniProt lines support EC 3.2.1.22 alpha-galactosidase activity toward alpha-D-galactosides/glycosphingolipids.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding
IDA
PMID:1332979
Overexpression of human alpha-galactosidase A results in its...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Mannose-6-phosphate receptor binding is supported for secreted recombinant enzyme uptake/targeting, but it is not the core catalytic function.
Reason: Receptor binding is a trafficking/uptake property of secreted or therapeutic enzyme; GLA remains primarily a lysosomal hydrolase.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Recombinant or secreted alpha-Gal A can bind endocytic/sorting receptors for uptake:
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:1332979
Overexpression of human alpha-galactosidase A results in its...
MODIFY
Summary: Generic protein binding masks the more specific mannose-6-phosphate receptor binding/lysosomal targeting evidence.
Reason: The supported interaction is receptor binding by the secreted enzyme, not an unqualified protein-binding function.
Proposed replacements: signaling receptor binding
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Recombinant or secreted alpha-Gal A can bind endocytic/sorting receptors for uptake:
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:6313412
ConA-mediated binding and uptake of purified alpha-galactosi...
REMOVE
Summary: ConA-mediated uptake uses an exogenous plant lectin and should not be treated as an endogenous GLA protein-binding function.
Reason: The interaction is an experimental delivery/stabilization condition rather than a physiological human molecular function of GLA.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
The ConA-mediated uptake study used concanavalin A to stabilize and deliver purified enzyme to Fabry fibroblasts, so a GO protein-binding annotation to ConA should not be treated as an endogenous GLA function
GO:0005576 extracellular region
IMP
PMID:1332979
Overexpression of human alpha-galactosidase A results in its...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Extracellular region is supported for overexpressed/secreted enzyme but is secondary to lysosomal targeting.
Reason: The paper describes selective secretion of overexpressed GLA while also showing lysosomal targeting; secretion is not the core location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA enters the secretory/lysosomal trafficking pathway as a precursor and can be secreted under some conditions:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
IDA
PMID:3029062
Synthesis and processing of alpha-galactosidase A in human f...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Secretion of precursor enzyme under NH4Cl/I-cell fibroblast conditions supports extracellular occurrence but not the core GLA location.
Reason: This is a trafficking/secretion observation for a lysosomal enzyme rather than its catalytic compartment.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA enters the secretory/lysosomal trafficking pathway as a precursor and can be secreted under some conditions:
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IMP
PMID:1332979
Overexpression of human alpha-galactosidase A results in its...
REMOVE
Summary: The overexpression study localizes GLA aggregates to TGN and lysosomes and does not support cytoplasmic localization.
Reason: Cytoplasm is inconsistent with the accessible localization evidence for this signal-peptide-containing lysosomal lumen enzyme.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Cytoplasm annotations are not supported by the accessible GLA evidence reviewed here; the direct localization papers support lysosome/lysosomal lumen, secretory trafficking, extracellular secretion/uptake, and overexpression-associated TGN aggregates instead.
GO:0005764 lysosome
IMP
PMID:1332979
Overexpression of human alpha-galactosidase A results in its...
ACCEPT
Summary: Immunogold labeling of overexpressed enzyme in lysosomes supports lysosomal localization.
Reason: This matches the established lysosomal hydrolase role of GLA.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
The physiologically central compartment is the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0005764 lysosome
TAS
PMID:3029062
Synthesis and processing of alpha-galactosidase A in human f...
ACCEPT
Summary: Fibroblast biosynthesis/processing data support delivery of mature alpha-galactosidase A to lysosomes.
Reason: Processing and lysosomal delivery are part of the normal biogenesis of this lysosomal hydrolase.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA enters the secretory/lysosomal trafficking pathway as a precursor and can be secreted under some conditions:
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
IMP
PMID:1332979
Overexpression of human alpha-galactosidase A results in its...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Golgi/TGN signal in this paper reflects overexpression-associated aggregation during trafficking, not a stable core localization.
Reason: The TGN crystals arose under high overexpression and are better treated as a trafficking/overexpression phenotype than as a normal GLA cellular component.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Overexpression in CHO cells caused TGN and lysosomal crystalline aggregates and selective secretion; the authors explicitly proposed that aggregates forming in the acidic TGN are secreted when unable to bind M6P receptors, making Golgi/TGN accumulation an overexpression phenotype rather than the core location
GO:0009311 oligosaccharide metabolic process
IDA
PMID:39940
Studies on human liver alpha-galactosidases. I. Purification...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Purified-enzyme work with oligosaccharide substrates supports a broader substrate range but not the main physiological process.
Reason: This substrate-scope observation is secondary to the disease-relevant glycosphingolipid catabolic function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0016787 hydrolase activity
TAS
PMID:7911050
Molecular basis of Fabry disease: mutations and polymorphism...
MODIFY
Summary: Hydrolase activity is too generic for a lysosomal alpha-galactosidase with known EC 3.2.1.22 activity.
Reason: The annotation should use alpha-galactosidase activity to capture the specific enzymatic function.
Proposed replacements: alpha-galactosidase activity
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity
IDA
PMID:6256390
Affinity purification of alpha-galactosidase A from human sp...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Protein homodimerization is directly supported for purified GLA and describes the active enzyme state.
Reason: Homodimerization is a structural property important for the enzyme but not the primary molecular activity captured in the core function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Purified human alpha-galactosidase A is a homodimeric enzyme:
GO:0046479 glycosphingolipid catabolic process
TAS
PMID:2160973
Alpha-galactosidase A gene rearrangements causing Fabry dise...
ACCEPT
Summary: Glycosphingolipid catabolic process captures the core biological process of lysosomal GLA activity.
Reason: GLA hydrolyzes Gb3Cer/Gal2Cer and Fabry disease results from impaired glycosphingolipid degradation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
Reactome models the core lysosomal reaction as GLA hydrolyzing saposin-B-mobilized Gb3Cer and Gal2Cer in the lysosomal lumen:

Core Functions

Hydrolyzes terminal alpha-D-galactose residues from lysosomal glycosphingolipids, especially globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and Gal2Cer, as a saposin-B-dependent homodimeric alpha-galactosidase A in the lysosomal lumen.

Molecular Function:
alpha-galactosidase activity
Cellular Locations:
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
    GLA encodes lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, a glycosyl hydrolase whose core function is hydrolysis of terminal alpha-D-galactose from glycosphingolipids in the lysosomal lumen.
  • file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
    Reactome models the core lysosomal reaction as GLA hydrolyzing saposin-B-mobilized Gb3Cer and Gal2Cer in the lysosomal lumen:
  • file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
    In a detergent-free liposomal system mimicking lysosomes, degradation of globotriaosylceramide was dependent on both recombinant human alpha-galactosidase and saposin B, and the authors concluded that "only SAP-B is essential for the degradation of GbOse3Cer by alpha-galactosidase"
  • file:human/GLA/GLA-deep-research-falcon.md
    Pathway/process.** Lysosomal glycosphingolipid degradation; defects lead to Fabry disease pathophysiology
  • file:human/GLA/GLA-notes.md
    Purified human alpha-galactosidase A is a homodimeric enzyme:

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Should lysosomal enzyme uptake by M6PR/sortilin/megalin be captured by a more specific GO molecular-function term than signaling receptor binding?

Suggested experts: GO molecular function editors, lysosomal trafficking experts

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Compare endogenous GLA localization and receptor-dependent uptake in relevant human cell types with recombinant enzyme uptake assays.

Hypothesis: Extracellular/receptor-binding annotations represent trafficking and therapeutic-enzyme uptake rather than a distinct core GLA function.

Type: cell biology trafficking assay

Deep Research

Falcon

(GLA-deep-research-falcon.md)

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πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(GLA-notes.md)

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πŸ“„ View Raw YAML

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