KIF3A is a kinesin-2 family motor subunit. It heterodimerizes with KIF3B through its central coiled-coil stalk and associates with the non-motor cargo-binding subunit KAP3 (KIFAP3) to form the heterotrimeric kinesin-II complex, an ATP-driven plus-end-directed microtubule motor (C. elegans KLP-20/KLP-11 with KAP-1). Its best-characterized role is driving anterograde intraflagellar transport: kinesin-II moves IFT-B/IFT-A trains carrying axonemal and membrane cargo from the ciliary base to the tip, and it is required for assembly of primary and motile cilia, for ciliary entry of Smoothened and for Hedgehog signal transduction. Outside cilia, kinesin-II transports membranous organelles and vesicles (for example N-cadherin-containing carriers, regulated by CaMKII/POPX2 phosphorylation of KIF3A Ser690, and late endosomes/lysosomes), localizes with spindle microtubules and centrosomes in mitosis, and, independently of IFT, KIF3A recruits the dynactin subunit p150Glued to subdistal appendages of the mother centriole, supporting centrosomal microtubule anchoring, centriole cohesion and basal foot formation.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0003777 microtubule motor activity | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Microtubule motor activity (IBA). KIF3A is the motor subunit of the heterotrimeric kinesin-II. Reason: Core molecular function; the more specific plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity is also annotated. |
| GO:0003777 microtubule motor activity | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Microtubule motor activity (IEA, InterPro kinesin motor domain). Reason: Correct domain-based inference. |
| GO:0003777 microtubule motor activity | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Microtubule motor activity (ISS from mouse Kif3a). Reason: Correct. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:16298999 Role of the kinesin-2 family protein, KIF3, during mitosis. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with KAP3/KIFAP3 (Q92845), the non-motor cargo-binding subunit of kinesin-II. Reason: Generic protein binding is uninformative; KAP3 association is the definition of the kinesin-II complex, captured by GO:0016939. Supporting Evidence: PMID:16298999 Kinesin-2 is composed of two microtubule-based motor subunits, KIF3A/3B, and a kinesin-associated protein known as KAP3, which links KIF3A/3B to cargo |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:17043677 Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 Interactome: evidence for the c... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with DISC1 (Q9NRI5) from a DISC1 interactome Y2H screen. Reason: Generic protein binding from an interactome screen; uninformative about KIF3A function. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:19934039 Inositol pyrophosphate mediated pyrophosphorylation of AP3B1... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with AP3B1 isoform 1 (O00203-1). Reason: Generic protein binding; uninformative. A cargo-adaptor relationship may exist but is not established as a KIF3A molecular function here. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:20643351 Pitchfork regulates primary cilia disassembly and left-right... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with Pitchfork/PIFO/CIMAP3 (Q8TCI5). Reason: Generic protein binding; uninformative. Supporting Evidence: PMID:20643351 We show that Pifo colocalizes and/or physically interacts with Rab6, Rab8, Rab11, Arl13b, Ξ²-, Ξ³-Tubulin, Centrin, and the MT-motor protein Kif3a |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:20643351 Pitchfork regulates primary cilia disassembly and left-right... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with mouse Pifo (Q9D9W1). Reason: Generic protein binding; uninformative. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:22261744 Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis protein CLN3 interacts with m... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with CLN3 (Q13286). CLN3 interacts with kinesin-2 among other motor components. Reason: Generic protein binding; uninformative about KIF3A activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22261744 CLN3 interacted with motor components driving both plus and minus end microtubular trafficking: tubulin, dynactin, dynein and kinesin-2. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:24338362 POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin motor complex. | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with KAP3/KIFAP3 (Q92845) in the POPX2 study. Reason: Generic protein binding; kinesin-II complex membership captured by GO:0016939. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:24591568 FIP5 phosphorylation during mitosis regulates apical traffic... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with RAB11FIP5 (Q9BXF6). Reason: Generic protein binding; uninformative. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:26496610 A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organiz... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with KAP3/KIFAP3 (Q92845), quantitative interactome. Reason: Generic protein binding; captured by kinesin II complex. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:27173435 An organelle-specific protein landscape identifies novel dis... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with KAP3/KIFAP3 (Q92845), ciliary organelle interactome. Reason: Generic protein binding; captured by kinesin II complex. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:28514442 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein commun... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with KAP3/KIFAP3 (Q92845), BioPlex. Reason: Generic protein binding; captured by kinesin II complex. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:31413325 HENA, heterogeneous network-based data set for Alzheimer's d... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with DISC1 (Q9NRI5), HENA aggregated network. Reason: Generic protein binding from a network compilation; uninformative. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:33961781 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with KAP3/KIFAP3 (Q92845), BioPlex dual proteome. Reason: Generic protein binding; captured by kinesin II complex. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:35271311 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human ce... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with KAP3/KIFAP3 (Q92845), OpenCell. Reason: Generic protein binding; captured by kinesin II complex. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:40205054 Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and func... | REMOVE | Summary: Protein binding with KAP3/KIFAP3 (Q92845), multimodal cell maps. Reason: Generic protein binding; captured by kinesin II complex. |
| GO:0005524 ATP binding | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: ATP binding (IEA, kinesin motor domain). Reason: Kinesin motors bind and hydrolyse ATP. |
| GO:0005737 cytoplasm | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytoplasm (IBA). Reason: Correct general location for a cytoplasmic motor. |
| GO:0005813 centrosome | IDA PMID:16298999 Role of the kinesin-2 family protein, KIF3, during mitosis. | ACCEPT | Summary: Centrosome (IDA). Kinesin-2 localizes with centrosomes and spindle microtubules during mitosis. Reason: Direct evidence; consistent with mother-centriole localization (PMID:23386061). Supporting Evidence: PMID:16298999 the kinesin-2 complex is localized with components of the mitotic apparatus such as spindle microtubules and centrosomes |
| GO:0005814 centriole | IDA PMID:23386061 Kif3a interacts with Dynactin subunit p150 Glued to organize... | ACCEPT | Summary: Centriole (IDA). Kif3a localizes to the mother centriole subdistal appendage region. Reason: Direct evidence. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23386061 Kif3a localizes to the mother centriole and interacts with the Dynactin subunit p150(Glued). |
| GO:0005814 centriole | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Centriole (IEA). Reason: Corroborated by IDA. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytosol (IEA, ARBA). Reason: Kinesin-II has a soluble cytosolic pool and moves cargo in the cytoplasm; correct. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-2213248 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytosol (TAS, Reactome transport of MHC II molecules; KIF3A included in a generic kinesin set). Reason: Cytosolic location of kinesin-II is correct; the Reactome reaction context is a generic kinesin set and does not itself describe a KIF3A-specific process. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-6811423 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytosol (TAS, Reactome retrograde COPI vesicle tethering; generic kinesin set). Reason: Cytosolic location of kinesin-II is correct; the Reactome reaction context is a generic kinesin set and does not itself describe a KIF3A-specific process. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-6811426 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytosol (TAS, Reactome COPI vesicles bind kinesin; generic kinesin set). Reason: Cytosolic location of kinesin-II is correct; the Reactome reaction context is a generic kinesin set and does not itself describe a KIF3A-specific process. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-983259 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytosol (TAS, Reactome kinesins move along microtubules). Reason: Cytosolic location of kinesin-II is correct; the Reactome reaction context is a generic kinesin set and does not itself describe a KIF3A-specific process. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-983266 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytosol (TAS, Reactome kinesins bind microtubules). Reason: Cytosolic location of kinesin-II is correct; the Reactome reaction context is a generic kinesin set and does not itself describe a KIF3A-specific process. |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-984733 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cytosol (TAS, Reactome "Kinesin-3 is a dimer"; KIF3A is kinesin-2, likely included through a generic kinesin set). Reason: Cytosolic location of kinesin-II is correct; the Reactome reaction context is a generic kinesin set and does not itself describe a KIF3A-specific process. |
| GO:0005856 cytoskeleton | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Cytoskeleton (IEA). Reason: Correct but general. |
| GO:0005871 kinesin complex | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Kinesin complex (IBA). Reason: Correct; the more specific kinesin II complex is also annotated. |
| GO:0005874 microtubule | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Microtubule (IBA). Reason: Kinesin motors act on microtubules. |
| GO:0005876 spindle microtubule | IDA PMID:16298999 Role of the kinesin-2 family protein, KIF3, during mitosis. | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Colocalizes with spindle microtubule (IDA). Reason: Supported by the cited study; mitotic role is secondary to ciliary and organelle transport. Supporting Evidence: PMID:16298999 the kinesin-2 complex is localized with components of the mitotic apparatus such as spindle microtubules and centrosomes |
| GO:0005929 cilium | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cilium (IEA). Reason: Kinesin-II is the anterograde IFT motor in cilia. |
| GO:0005929 cilium | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cilium (ISS from mouse). Reason: Correct. |
| GO:0005929 cilium | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5624949 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cilium (TAS, Reactome anterograde IFT train assembly). Reason: Correct. Supporting Evidence: Reactome:R-HSA-5625416 Anterograde trains travel along the axoneme of the cilium at an estimated rate of 2 micrometers per second in an ATP- and kinesin-2-dependent fashion |
| GO:0005929 cilium | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5625416 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cilium (TAS, Reactome anterograde IFT). Reason: Correct. |
| GO:0005929 cilium | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5625424 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cilium (TAS, Reactome retrograde train dissociation). Reason: Correct. |
| GO:0005929 cilium | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5625426 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cilium (TAS, Reactome retrograde IFT). Reason: Correct location; kinesin-II is returned to the base by retrograde IFT. |
| GO:0006996 organelle organization | TAS PMID:1447303 Kinesin family in murine central nervous system. | MODIFY | Summary: Organelle organization (TAS) from the 1992 cloning of murine KIF family members, which concerned microtubule-based transport of membranous organelles in neurons, not organelle organization. Reason: The paper concerns organelle transport by kinesin motors; microtubule-based movement (GO:0007018) better reflects the asserted role. Proposed replacements: microtubule-based movement |
| GO:0007018 microtubule-based movement | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: Microtubule-based movement (IEA, kinesin domain). Reason: Correct. |
| GO:0008017 microtubule binding | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Microtubule binding (IBA). Reason: Kinesin motor domain binds microtubules. |
| GO:0008017 microtubule binding | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: Microtubule binding (IEA). Reason: Correct. |
| GO:0008089 anterograde axonal transport | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Anterograde axonal transport (IBA). Kinesin-II transports membranous organelles in neuronal axons. Reason: Supported by phylogeny and neuronal studies, but secondary to the ciliary role. |
| GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | MODIFY | Summary: Cytoskeletal protein binding (IEA, ARBA). Too general; the specific activity is microtubule binding. Reason: Microtubule binding (GO:0008017) is the accurate specific term. Proposed replacements: microtubule binding |
| GO:0008104 intracellular protein localization | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Intracellular protein localization (IEA, ARBA). Reason: Kinesin-II delivers proteins (e.g. to cilia, N-cadherin to junctions) but this is a general term; the ciliary protein localization terms are more informative. |
| GO:0008574 plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity | TAS PMID:16298999 Role of the kinesin-2 family protein, KIF3, during mitosis. | ACCEPT | Summary: Plus-end-directed microtubule motor activity (TAS). Kinesin-II (KIF3A/KIF3B/KAP3) carries cargo toward microtubule plus ends. Reason: Core molecular function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:16298999 Kinesin-2 is composed of two microtubule-based motor subunits, KIF3A/3B, and a kinesin-associated protein known as KAP3, which links KIF3A/3B to cargo that is carried to cellular organelles along microtubules in interphase cells |
| GO:0010457 centriole-centriole cohesion | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Centriole-centriole cohesion (ISS from mouse Kif3a). Reason: IFT-independent centriolar role supported by mouse cell studies; non-core relative to motor function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23386061 Consequently, microtubule anchoring, centriole cohesion and basal foot formation are abrogated by loss of Kif3a. |
| GO:0010970 transport along microtubule | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Transport along microtubule (IEA, ARBA). Reason: Correct general description of kinesin-II function. |
| GO:0015031 protein transport | IMP PMID:24338362 POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin motor complex. | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Protein transport (IMP). KIF3A-S690A is defective in trafficking of N-cadherin and other cargo. Reason: Supported, but general; a non-ciliary transport role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:24338362 This is consistent with the observation that the KIF3A-S690A mutant is defective in cargo trafficking. |
| GO:0015630 microtubule cytoskeleton | IDA PMID:16298999 Role of the kinesin-2 family protein, KIF3, during mitosis. | ACCEPT | Summary: Microtubule cytoskeleton (IDA). Reason: Correct. |
| GO:0016887 ATP hydrolysis activity | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: ATP hydrolysis activity (IBA). Reason: Kinesin motor domains hydrolyse ATP to power movement. |
| GO:0016939 kinesin II complex | IDA PMID:16298999 Role of the kinesin-2 family protein, KIF3, during mitosis. | ACCEPT | Summary: Kinesin II complex (IDA). Reason: Core complex identity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:16298999 Kinesin-2 is composed of two microtubule-based motor subunits, KIF3A/3B, and a kinesin-associated protein known as KAP3 |
| GO:0016939 kinesin II complex | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Kinesin II complex (IEA). Reason: Core complex identity. |
| GO:0019903 protein phosphatase binding | IPI PMID:24338362 POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin motor complex. | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Protein phosphatase binding (IPI) with POPX2/PPM1F, which controls KIF3A Ser690 phosphorylation. Reason: Regulatory interaction supported by the study; not a core KIF3A activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:24338362 POPX2 affects trafficking by determining the phosphorylation status of KIF3A at serine 690. |
| GO:0030507 spectrin binding | IDA PMID:23704327 The giant spectrin Ξ²V couples the molecular motors to photot... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Spectrin binding (IDA). Spectrin betaV binds subunits of kinesin II in photoreceptors. Reason: Supported by the study; a cell-type-specific adaptor interaction, not core. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23704327 spectrin Ξ²V binds to several subunits of the microtubule-based motor proteins, kinesin II and the dynein complex |
| GO:0031267 small GTPase binding | IPI PMID:26021297 The small GTPase Rab29 is a common regulator of immune synap... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Small GTPase binding (IPI) with RAB29 (O14966), from a study of Rab29 in immune synapse assembly and ciliogenesis. The abstract foregrounds Rab29-IFT20 interaction; the curator read the full text. Reason: Deferring to curator; the interaction is plausible but peripheral to KIF3A's core motor function. |
| GO:0034454 microtubule anchoring at centrosome | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Microtubule anchoring at centrosome (ISS from mouse Kif3a). Kif3a recruits p150Glued to subdistal appendages, needed for microtubule anchoring. Reason: IFT-independent centriolar role; supported in mouse cells. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23386061 Kif3a recruits p150(Glued) to the subdistal appendages of mother centrioles, critical for centrosomes to function as microtubule-organizing centres |
| GO:0044877 protein-containing complex binding | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Protein-containing complex binding (IEA, ARBA). Vague. Reason: Uninformative general binding term; kinesin II complex membership and microtubule binding capture the relevant interactions. |
| GO:0045880 positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway (ISS from mouse). Kif3a is required for Hedgehog signalling downstream of Patched1 and for SMO ciliary entry. Reason: Supported by mouse genetics; a consequence of ciliary transport rather than a regulatory activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:14603322 Genetic analysis shows that Wim, Polaris and the IFT motor protein Kif3a are required for Hedgehog signalling at a step downstream of Patched1 |
| GO:0060271 cilium assembly | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cilium assembly (IBA). Reason: Core process; kinesin-II is required for cilium formation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23386061 Formation of cilia, microtubule-based structures that function in propulsion and sensation, requires Kif3a, a subunit of Kinesin II essential for intraflagellar transport (IFT). |
| GO:0060271 cilium assembly | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Cilium assembly (ISS from mouse). Reason: Core process. |
| GO:0070062 extracellular exosome | HDA PMID:19056867 Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exos... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Extracellular exosome (HDA), urinary exosome proteomics. Reason: Proteomic detection in urinary exosomes does not indicate a functional location for a cytoplasmic motor. |
| GO:0072383 plus-end-directed vesicle transport along microtubule | TAS PMID:16298999 Role of the kinesin-2 family protein, KIF3, during mitosis. | ACCEPT | Summary: Plus-end-directed vesicle transport along microtubule (TAS). Reason: Kinesin-II transports membranous organelles along cytoplasmic microtubules in interphase cells; a genuine second function of the motor alongside IFT. |
| GO:0097499 protein localization to non-motile cilium | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Protein localization to non-motile cilium (ISS from mouse), e.g. SMO entry into primary cilia. Reason: Supported by mouse data; kinesin-II delivers proteins into primary cilia. |
| GO:0097542 ciliary tip | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5624952 | ACCEPT | Summary: Ciliary tip (TAS, Reactome). Reason: Kinesin-II reaches the ciliary tip with anterograde trains. |
| GO:0097542 ciliary tip | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5625416 | ACCEPT | Summary: Ciliary tip (TAS, Reactome anterograde IFT). Reason: Correct. |
| GO:0097542 ciliary tip | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5625421 | ACCEPT | Summary: Ciliary tip (TAS, Reactome anterograde train dissociation). Reason: Correct. |
| GO:0097542 ciliary tip | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5625426 | ACCEPT | Summary: Ciliary tip (TAS, Reactome retrograde IFT). Reason: Correct. |
| GO:0097730 non-motile cilium | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Non-motile cilium (ISS from mouse). Reason: Correct. |
| GO:1902414 protein localization to cell junction | IMP PMID:24338362 POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin motor complex. | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Protein localization to cell junction (IMP). Kinesin-II with KIF3A Ser690 regulation traffics N-cadherin to cell-cell junctions. Reason: Supported; a non-ciliary transport role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:24338362 Here we report that the phosphatase POPX2 is a negative regulator of the trafficking of N-cadherin and other cargoes; consequently, it markedly influences cell-cell adhesion. |
| GO:1904115 axon cytoplasm | IEA GO_REF:0000108 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Axon cytoplasm (IEA, inferred from anterograde axonal transport). Reason: Follows from the axonal transport annotation; non-core. |
| GO:0035720 intraciliary anterograde transport | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5625416 | NEW | Summary: KIF3A, as the motor subunit of heterotrimeric kinesin-II, powers anterograde IFT from the ciliary base to the tip. GOA lists cilium assembly and ciliary locations but no IFT process for human KIF3A, although human KIF3B carries intraciliary transport (IMP). Reason: Participation test passed directly, since KIF3A is the motor that performs the step; comparator check shows the partner motor subunit KIF3B is annotated to intraciliary transport. This is the core process of KIF3A. Supporting Evidence: Reactome:R-HSA-5625416 Anterograde trains travel along the axoneme of the cilium at an estimated rate of 2 micrometers per second in an ATP- and kinesin-2-dependent fashion PMID:23386061 Formation of cilia, microtubule-based structures that function in propulsion and sensation, requires Kif3a, a subunit of Kinesin II essential for intraflagellar transport (IFT). |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Q: Which KIF3A-dependent centriolar functions (p150Glued recruitment to subdistal appendages) are conserved in human cells, given they were defined in mouse cells and appear independent of motor activity?
Q: What adaptor links kinesin-II to IFT-B trains in human cells (KAP3 versus direct IFT-B subunit contacts)?
Experiment: Single-molecule imaging of reconstituted human KIF3A/KIF3B/KAP3 with purified IFT-B to define the motor-train coupling interface and its regulation by KIF3A phosphorylation (e.g. by CILK1).
Experiment: Motor-dead KIF3A rescue in KIF3A-knockout human RPE1 cells to separate IFT-dependent ciliogenesis from IFT-independent subdistal appendage organization.
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