KRAS

UniProt ID: P01116
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

KRAS encodes a membrane-associated Ras-family small GTPase that functions as a GDP/GTP molecular switch in receptor-driven signal transduction. In the GTP-bound state KRAS recruits effectors including RAF-family kinases and PI3Kalpha to activate downstream MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling; intrinsic and GAP-stimulated GTP hydrolysis return KRAS to the GDP-bound inactive state. KRAS4A and KRAS4B differ in their C-terminal hypervariable regions and membrane-targeting mechanisms, but both depend on lipid modification and membrane localization for signaling. Oncogenic and rasopathy variants alter nucleotide cycling, GAP responsiveness, effector interactions, or localization, producing context-dependent effects on proliferation, survival, senescence, and gene expression.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: IBA annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
Both isoforms are farnesylated at the CAAX cysteine and further processed (RCE1 cleavage and ICMT methylation) in the ER, enabling membrane association. KRAS4B lacks palmitoylatable cysteines and instead uses a lysine-rich polybasic HVR (reported net charge +8) to electrostatically stabilize plasma membrane association with anionic lipids.
GO:0007265 Ras protein signal transduction
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: IBA annotation for Ras protein signal transduction. KRAS participates directly in Ras signaling through SOS-mediated activation and effector engagement.
Reason: This process annotation is appropriate for KRAS, whose active GTP-bound form transmits receptor inputs to downstream pathways including RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:38188543
SOS1 facilitates the exchange of GDP to GTP thereby leading to activation of KRAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5673001
GTP-bound RAS recruits RAF (the MAPK kinase kinase), and promotes its dimerization and activation
PMID:33608534
Active RAS recruits RAF to the membrane where RAF dimerizes and becomes active
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
Primary structural evidence for Ras activation by SOS comes from the crystal structure of Ras in complex with the SOS catalytic region, indicating SOS stabilizes Ras in a nucleotide-free state, a mechanistic basis for GEF-driven exchange.
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: KRAS signaling can promote cell proliferation through MAPK and PI3K effector pathways, but proliferation is a downstream cellular outcome rather than the molecular core function.
Reason: The annotation is biologically plausible and supported by pathway literature, but it should not be treated as the core activity of KRAS.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5673001
GTP-bound RAS recruits RAF (the MAPK kinase kinase), and promotes its dimerization and activation
PMID:33608534
Active RAS recruits RAF to the membrane where RAF dimerizes and becomes active
PMID:39788953
Their interaction plays a crucial role in activating PI3KΞ± and amplifying the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway
GO:0003924 GTPase activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: IBA annotation for KRAS GTPase activity. KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase with intrinsic GTP hydrolysis activity and GAP-stimulated hydrolysis.
Reason: This is the core molecular activity of KRAS. The UniProt record, Reactome intrinsic GTPase reaction, and biochemical KRAS mutant studies all support GTP hydrolysis as the central catalytic activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
RAS proteins have weak intrinsic GTPase activity in the absence of other effectors
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
**KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase** that functions as a GDP/GTP-regulated switch. GTP binding induces conformational changes in **switch I/II** regions enabling effector recognition, while GTP hydrolysis returns KRAS to the GDP-bound state.
GO:0000165 MAPK cascade
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS participates in the RAF/MAP kinase cascade by recruiting and activating RAF-family kinases when GTP-bound.
Reason: Reactome and structural work support active KRAS as an upstream activator of the RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK cascade.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5673001
GTP-bound RAS recruits RAF (the MAPK kinase kinase), and promotes its dimerization and activation
PMID:33608534
Active RAS recruits RAF to the membrane where RAF dimerizes and becomes active
GO:0003924 GTPase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: IEA annotation for KRAS GTPase activity. KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase with intrinsic GTP hydrolysis activity and GAP-stimulated hydrolysis.
Reason: This is the core molecular activity of KRAS. The UniProt record, Reactome intrinsic GTPase reaction, and biochemical KRAS mutant studies all support GTP hydrolysis as the central catalytic activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
RAS proteins have weak intrinsic GTPase activity in the absence of other effectors
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
**KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase** that functions as a GDP/GTP-regulated switch. GTP binding induces conformational changes in **switch I/II** regions enabling effector recognition, while GTP hydrolysis returns KRAS to the GDP-bound state.
GO:0003925 G protein activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000003
MODIFY
Summary: KRAS functions as a small monomeric G protein that switches between GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active states.
Reason: The integrated falcon DR guidance explicitly recommends the more specific GTPase activity term (GO:0003924) over the generic G protein activity term for KRAS. GO:0003924 is already separately annotated for KRAS with IBA, IEA, EXP, TAS, and IMP evidence (all ACCEPT), so MODIFY replaces this generic IEA term with the established specific term.
Proposed replacements: GTPase activity
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Alternates between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
Use "GTPase activity," not broad "G protein activity"; mutant-impaired hydrolysis should not redefine WT function. Prefer specific MF terms (GTP binding, GDP binding, GTPase activity) over generic "G protein activity/protein binding."
GO:0005525 GTP binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS binds GTP as the active nucleotide state of the Ras molecular switch.
Reason: GTP binding is essential to KRAS activation and downstream effector recruitment.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Alternates between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase that functions as a GDP/GTP-regulated switch. GTP binding induces conformational changes in switch I/II regions enabling effector recognition, while GTP hydrolysis returns KRAS to the GDP-bound state. A primary structural and functional demonstration of Ras effector engagement is the Ras–PI3KΞ³ complex: PI3KΞ³ is directly activated by GTP-loaded Ras, and the structure shows Ras uses switch I/II to bind the PI3KΞ³ Ras-binding domain.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS has a cytoplasmic/cytosolic pool during its membrane-trafficking cycle, including PDEdelta-mediated solubilization of farnesylated KRAS.
Reason: Although signaling-competent KRAS is membrane-associated, cytosolic localization is supported as part of its trafficking and recycling cycle.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4B (and depalmitoylated prenylated cargo) can bind PDE6D to shield its prenyl group and support trafficking between endomembranes and plasma membrane. Quantitatively summarized evidence indicates that loss of KRAS4B carboxymethylation reduces PDE6D affinity by >35-fold, and a Ser181 phosphomimic (S181E) reduces affinity by >6-fold.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: IEA annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0007165 signal transduction
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: The generic signal transduction annotation reflects KRAS signaling but is less informative than Ras-specific signaling terms.
Reason: KRAS should be annotated to Ras protein signal transduction rather than broad signal transduction when the domain and pathway evidence are Ras-specific.
Proposed replacements: Ras protein signal transduction
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:38188543
SOS1 facilitates the exchange of GDP to GTP thereby leading to activation of KRAS
GO:0012505 endomembrane system
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS, especially K-Ras4a under SIRT2-regulated lysine defatty-acylation, can localize to endomembrane compartments.
Reason: Endomembrane localization is supported by K-Ras4a acylation experiments and by UniProt subcellular-location curation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29239724
SIRT2-mediated lysine defatty-acylation promotes endomembrane localization of K-Ras4a
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4A contains a palmitoylation site (Cys180) enabling reversible palmitoylation-dependent Golgi trafficking. Expert synthesis notes that farnesylation + palmitoylation can increase membrane affinity by >100-fold and acts as a Golgi "affinity trap" promoting vesicular delivery to the plasma membrane.
GO:0016020 membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The generic membrane annotation is directionally correct for lipid-anchored KRAS but lacks the useful subcellular specificity available from curated evidence.
Reason: KRAS has more specific and better-supported plasma membrane, cytoplasmic-side-of-plasma-membrane, endomembrane, and cytosolic localization annotations. Generic membrane should not be used as an informative KRAS localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12732644
RASSF2 is a novel K-Ras-specific effector and potential tumo...
REMOVE
Summary: This protein binding annotation records a physical interaction, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe KRAS function.
Reason: Protein binding is specifically uninformative for KRAS. Specific effector/regulator interactions should support Ras signaling, MAPK cascade, PI3K signaling, or localization annotations rather than a generic protein binding MF term.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25416956
A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network.
REMOVE
Summary: This protein binding annotation records a physical interaction, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe KRAS function.
Reason: Protein binding is specifically uninformative for KRAS. Specific effector/regulator interactions should support Ras signaling, MAPK cascade, PI3K signaling, or localization annotations rather than a generic protein binding MF term.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25852190
Integrative analysis of kinase networks in TRAIL-induced apo...
REMOVE
Summary: This protein binding annotation records a physical interaction, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe KRAS function.
Reason: Protein binding is specifically uninformative for KRAS. Specific effector/regulator interactions should support Ras signaling, MAPK cascade, PI3K signaling, or localization annotations rather than a generic protein binding MF term.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:30194290
Interrogating the protein interactomes of RAS isoforms ident...
REMOVE
Summary: This protein binding annotation records a physical interaction, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe KRAS function.
Reason: Protein binding is specifically uninformative for KRAS. Specific effector/regulator interactions should support Ras signaling, MAPK cascade, PI3K signaling, or localization annotations rather than a generic protein binding MF term.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:31980649
Extensive rewiring of the EGFR network in colorectal cancer ...
REMOVE
Summary: This protein binding annotation records a physical interaction, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe KRAS function.
Reason: Protein binding is specifically uninformative for KRAS. Specific effector/regulator interactions should support Ras signaling, MAPK cascade, PI3K signaling, or localization annotations rather than a generic protein binding MF term.
GO:0001889 liver development
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The liver development annotation is an orthology-transferred high-level biological-process term and is not directly supported as a specific human KRAS function in the reviewed evidence.
Reason: These developmental, stress, hormone, cytokine, or cell-type proliferation terms are likely indirect consequences of Ras pathway perturbation or non-human phenotype propagation. They overstate the direct functional role of KRAS.
GO:0007249 canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction annotation is an orthology-transferred high-level biological-process term and is not directly supported as a specific human KRAS function in the reviewed evidence.
Reason: These developmental, stress, hormone, cytokine, or cell-type proliferation terms are likely indirect consequences of Ras pathway perturbation or non-human phenotype propagation. They overstate the direct functional role of KRAS.
GO:0007565 female pregnancy
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The female pregnancy annotation is an orthology-transferred high-level biological-process term and is not directly supported as a specific human KRAS function in the reviewed evidence.
Reason: These developmental, stress, hormone, cytokine, or cell-type proliferation terms are likely indirect consequences of Ras pathway perturbation or non-human phenotype propagation. They overstate the direct functional role of KRAS.
GO:0009629 response to gravity
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The response to gravity annotation is an orthology-transferred high-level biological-process term and is not directly supported as a specific human KRAS function in the reviewed evidence.
Reason: These developmental, stress, hormone, cytokine, or cell-type proliferation terms are likely indirect consequences of Ras pathway perturbation or non-human phenotype propagation. They overstate the direct functional role of KRAS.
GO:0019002 GMP binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MODIFY
Summary: This orthology-transferred GMP binding annotation does not match the established KRAS nucleotide cycle, which is GDP/GTP based.
Reason: KRAS is characterized as a GDP/GTP-binding small GTPase. GMP binding is not the physiologically informative ligand state for KRAS and should be replaced by the specific GDP and GTP binding terms.
Proposed replacements: GTP binding GDP binding
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity
GO:0019003 GDP binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS binds GDP as the inactive nucleotide state of the Ras molecular switch.
Reason: GDP binding is a normal part of the KRAS regulatory cycle and is supported by the UniProt activity-regulation statement.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Alternates between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP
GO:0019221 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The cytokine-mediated signaling pathway annotation is an orthology-transferred high-level biological-process term and is not directly supported as a specific human KRAS function in the reviewed evidence.
Reason: These developmental, stress, hormone, cytokine, or cell-type proliferation terms are likely indirect consequences of Ras pathway perturbation or non-human phenotype propagation. They overstate the direct functional role of KRAS.
GO:0030275 LRR domain binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: KRAS can interact with LRR-containing SHOC2 in the SHOC2-PP1C-RAS regulatory system, but LRR domain binding is not the core KRAS molecular function.
Reason: The orthology-transferred MF term overemphasizes one regulator interaction. The functional consequence is better represented by Ras/MAPK signaling annotations.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:36175670
The canonical RAS family members HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS (H/K/NRAS) also bind SHOC2
GO:0035900 response to isolation stress
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The response to isolation stress annotation is an orthology-transferred high-level biological-process term and is not directly supported as a specific human KRAS function in the reviewed evidence.
Reason: These developmental, stress, hormone, cytokine, or cell-type proliferation terms are likely indirect consequences of Ras pathway perturbation or non-human phenotype propagation. They overstate the direct functional role of KRAS.
GO:0051384 response to glucocorticoid
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The response to glucocorticoid annotation is an orthology-transferred high-level biological-process term and is not directly supported as a specific human KRAS function in the reviewed evidence.
Reason: These developmental, stress, hormone, cytokine, or cell-type proliferation terms are likely indirect consequences of Ras pathway perturbation or non-human phenotype propagation. They overstate the direct functional role of KRAS.
GO:0051385 response to mineralocorticoid
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The response to mineralocorticoid annotation is an orthology-transferred high-level biological-process term and is not directly supported as a specific human KRAS function in the reviewed evidence.
Reason: These developmental, stress, hormone, cytokine, or cell-type proliferation terms are likely indirect consequences of Ras pathway perturbation or non-human phenotype propagation. They overstate the direct functional role of KRAS.
GO:0051450 myoblast proliferation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The myoblast proliferation annotation is an orthology-transferred high-level biological-process term and is not directly supported as a specific human KRAS function in the reviewed evidence.
Reason: These developmental, stress, hormone, cytokine, or cell-type proliferation terms are likely indirect consequences of Ras pathway perturbation or non-human phenotype propagation. They overstate the direct functional role of KRAS.
GO:0060038 cardiac muscle cell proliferation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The cardiac muscle cell proliferation annotation is an orthology-transferred high-level biological-process term and is not directly supported as a specific human KRAS function in the reviewed evidence.
Reason: These developmental, stress, hormone, cytokine, or cell-type proliferation terms are likely indirect consequences of Ras pathway perturbation or non-human phenotype propagation. They overstate the direct functional role of KRAS.
GO:2000774 positive regulation of cellular senescence
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: RAS pathway activation can be associated with cellular senescence in oncogene-stress contexts, but this is a context-dependent downstream outcome.
Reason: The term should not be considered core for KRAS; it reflects a cellular response to signaling intensity and context rather than the conserved molecular role.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23524970
Desmoglein-1/Erbin interaction suppresses ERK activation to ...
REMOVE
Summary: This protein binding annotation records a physical interaction, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe KRAS function.
Reason: Protein binding is specifically uninformative for KRAS. Specific effector/regulator interactions should support Ras signaling, MAPK cascade, PI3K signaling, or localization annotations rather than a generic protein binding MF term.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:23524970
Desmoglein-1/Erbin interaction suppresses ERK activation to ...
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS has a cytoplasmic/cytosolic pool during its membrane-trafficking cycle, including PDEdelta-mediated solubilization of farnesylated KRAS.
Reason: Although signaling-competent KRAS is membrane-associated, cytosolic localization is supported as part of its trafficking and recycling cycle.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4B (and depalmitoylated prenylated cargo) can bind PDE6D to shield its prenyl group and support trafficking between endomembranes and plasma membrane. Quantitatively summarized evidence indicates that loss of KRAS4B carboxymethylation reduces PDE6D affinity by >35-fold, and a Ser181 phosphomimic (S181E) reduces affinity by >6-fold.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:23524970
Desmoglein-1/Erbin interaction suppresses ERK activation to ...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0007265 Ras protein signal transduction
IDA
PMID:38188543
Studying early structural changes in SOS1 mediated KRAS acti...
ACCEPT
Summary: IDA annotation for Ras protein signal transduction. KRAS participates directly in Ras signaling through SOS-mediated activation and effector engagement.
Reason: This process annotation is appropriate for KRAS, whose active GTP-bound form transmits receptor inputs to downstream pathways including RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:38188543
SOS1 facilitates the exchange of GDP to GTP thereby leading to activation of KRAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5673001
GTP-bound RAS recruits RAF (the MAPK kinase kinase), and promotes its dimerization and activation
PMID:33608534
Active RAS recruits RAF to the membrane where RAF dimerizes and becomes active
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
Primary structural evidence for Ras activation by SOS comes from the crystal structure of Ras in complex with the SOS catalytic region, indicating SOS stabilizes Ras in a nucleotide-free state, a mechanistic basis for GEF-driven exchange.
GO:0032008 positive regulation of TOR signaling
NAS
PMID:39788953
Structural insights into isoform-specific RAS-PI3KΞ± interact...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: RAS-PI3Kalpha interaction can amplify PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, placing KRAS upstream of TOR pathway activation in some contexts.
Reason: This is a supported effector branch but not the primary core function; KRAS is best represented first as a membrane-associated small GTPase in Ras/MAPK signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:39788953
Their interaction plays a crucial role in activating PI3KΞ± and amplifying the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway
GO:0042127 regulation of cell population proliferation
NAS
PMID:38188543
Studying early structural changes in SOS1 mediated KRAS acti...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: KRAS signaling can promote cell proliferation through MAPK and PI3K effector pathways, but proliferation is a downstream cellular outcome rather than the molecular core function.
Reason: The annotation is biologically plausible and supported by pathway literature, but it should not be treated as the core activity of KRAS.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5673001
GTP-bound RAS recruits RAF (the MAPK kinase kinase), and promotes its dimerization and activation
PMID:33608534
Active RAS recruits RAF to the membrane where RAF dimerizes and becomes active
PMID:39788953
Their interaction plays a crucial role in activating PI3KΞ± and amplifying the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway
GO:0043069 negative regulation of programmed cell death
NAS
PMID:39788953
Structural insights into isoform-specific RAS-PI3KΞ± interact...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Negative regulation of programmed cell death can occur downstream of RAS effector pathways, especially through PI3K-AKT survival signaling, but the annotation is broad.
Reason: The cited PI3Kalpha structural work supports RAS-PI3K pathway activation, not a direct KRAS role in the general programmed cell death process.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:39788953
Their interaction plays a crucial role in activating PI3KΞ± and amplifying the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway
GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade
NAS
PMID:33608534
KRAS interaction with RAF1 RAS-binding domain and cysteine-r...
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS positively regulates the MAPK cascade through direct active-RAS interaction with RAF-family kinases.
Reason: This is an accurate pathway-level annotation for the canonical KRAS effector branch.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5673001
GTP-bound RAS recruits RAF (the MAPK kinase kinase), and promotes its dimerization and activation
PMID:33608534
Active RAS recruits RAF to the membrane where RAF dimerizes and becomes active
GO:1902554 serine/threonine protein kinase complex
IPI
PMID:33608534
KRAS interaction with RAF1 RAS-binding domain and cysteine-r...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The cited RAF1 structural work supports KRAS binding to RAF regulatory domains during RAF activation, not stable membership in a serine/threonine protein kinase complex.
Reason: KRAS is an upstream small GTPase effector-binding partner for RAF; representing it as part of a kinase complex overstates a transient signaling interaction.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5673001
GTP-bound RAS recruits RAF (the MAPK kinase kinase), and promotes its dimerization and activation
PMID:33608534
Active RAS recruits RAF to the membrane where RAF dimerizes and becomes active
GO:1905360 GTPase complex
IPI
PMID:39043660
Allosteric nanobodies to study the interactions between SOS1...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The GTPase complex annotation is based on a structural interaction context rather than evidence that KRAS is a stable component of a native cellular complex.
Reason: KRAS forms transient complexes with GEFs, GAPs, effectors, inhibitors, and structural binders. A generic GTPase complex cellular-component term is not informative as a gene-level KRAS annotation.
GO:0000164 protein phosphatase type 1 complex
IPI
PMID:36175670
Structure of the SHOC2-MRAS-PP1C complex provides insights i...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: SHOC2-MRAS-PP1C studies show that canonical RAS proteins, including KRAS, can bind this regulatory phosphatase system with lower affinity than MRAS.
Reason: The core complex is SHOC2-MRAS-PP1C. Assigning KRAS as part of a protein phosphatase type 1 complex overstates a non-core, weaker regulatory interaction.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:36175670
The canonical RAS family members HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS (H/K/NRAS) also bind SHOC2
GO:0046579 positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
NAS
PMID:35831509
Structure-function analysis of the SHOC2-MRAS-PP1C holophosp...
MODIFY
Summary: This annotation captures KRAS-dependent positive signaling but frames the role as regulation of Ras signaling rather than direct participation in the Ras/MAPK pathway.
Reason: The evidence is better represented by KRAS involvement in Ras protein signal transduction and positive regulation of the MAPK cascade.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:36175670
The canonical RAS family members HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS (H/K/NRAS) also bind SHOC2
Reactome:R-HSA-5673001
GTP-bound RAS recruits RAF (the MAPK kinase kinase), and promotes its dimerization and activation
PMID:33608534
Active RAS recruits RAF to the membrane where RAF dimerizes and becomes active
GO:0000165 MAPK cascade
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5673001
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS participates in the RAF/MAP kinase cascade by recruiting and activating RAF-family kinases when GTP-bound.
Reason: Reactome and structural work support active KRAS as an upstream activator of the RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK cascade.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-5673001
GTP-bound RAS recruits RAF (the MAPK kinase kinase), and promotes its dimerization and activation
PMID:33608534
Active RAS recruits RAF to the membrane where RAF dimerizes and becomes active
GO:0005829 cytosol
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS has a cytoplasmic/cytosolic pool during its membrane-trafficking cycle, including PDEdelta-mediated solubilization of farnesylated KRAS.
Reason: Although signaling-competent KRAS is membrane-associated, cytosolic localization is supported as part of its trafficking and recycling cycle.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4B (and depalmitoylated prenylated cargo) can bind PDE6D to shield its prenyl group and support trafficking between endomembranes and plasma membrane. Quantitatively summarized evidence indicates that loss of KRAS4B carboxymethylation reduces PDE6D affinity by >35-fold, and a Ser181 phosphomimic (S181E) reduces affinity by >6-fold.
GO:0003924 GTPase activity
EXP
PMID:20949621
Germline KRAS mutations cause aberrant biochemical and physi...
ACCEPT
Summary: EXP annotation for KRAS GTPase activity. KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase with intrinsic GTP hydrolysis activity and GAP-stimulated hydrolysis.
Reason: This is the core molecular activity of KRAS. The UniProt record, Reactome intrinsic GTPase reaction, and biochemical KRAS mutant studies all support GTP hydrolysis as the central catalytic activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
RAS proteins have weak intrinsic GTPase activity in the absence of other effectors
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
A widely cited expert synthesis reports Ras intrinsic hydrolysis is slow (kcat β‰ˆ 2Γ—10βˆ’4 sβˆ’1), but it is a real enzymatic activity central to the molecular switch. GAPs accelerate Ras hydrolysis (reported up to ~10^5-fold in expert synthesis) and do so by complementing the active site, including an external arginine ("arginine finger") concept.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:29239724
SIRT2 and lysine fatty acylation regulate the transforming a...
ACCEPT
Summary: EXP annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0012505 endomembrane system
EXP
PMID:29239724
SIRT2 and lysine fatty acylation regulate the transforming a...
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS, especially K-Ras4a under SIRT2-regulated lysine defatty-acylation, can localize to endomembrane compartments.
Reason: Endomembrane localization is supported by K-Ras4a acylation experiments and by UniProt subcellular-location curation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29239724
SIRT2-mediated lysine defatty-acylation promotes endomembrane localization of K-Ras4a
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4A contains a palmitoylation site (Cys180) enabling reversible palmitoylation-dependent Golgi trafficking. Expert synthesis notes that farnesylation + palmitoylation can increase membrane affinity by >100-fold and acts as a Golgi "affinity trap" promoting vesicular delivery to the plasma membrane.
GO:0003924 GTPase activity
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for KRAS GTPase activity. KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase with intrinsic GTP hydrolysis activity and GAP-stimulated hydrolysis.
Reason: This is the core molecular activity of KRAS. The UniProt record, Reactome intrinsic GTPase reaction, and biochemical KRAS mutant studies all support GTP hydrolysis as the central catalytic activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
RAS proteins have weak intrinsic GTPase activity in the absence of other effectors
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
**KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase** that functions as a GDP/GTP-regulated switch. GTP binding induces conformational changes in **switch I/II** regions enabling effector recognition, while GTP hydrolysis returns KRAS to the GDP-bound state.
GO:0009898 cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:23698361
Small molecule inhibition of the KRAS-PDEΞ΄ interaction impai...
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS localizes to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane through C-terminal lipid modification and membrane-targeting motifs.
Reason: This is the most precise cellular-component annotation for signaling-competent membrane-associated KRAS.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0003924 GTPase activity
IMP
PMID:26037647
Biochemical and Structural Analysis of Common Cancer-Associa...
ACCEPT
Summary: IMP annotation for KRAS GTPase activity. KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase with intrinsic GTP hydrolysis activity and GAP-stimulated hydrolysis.
Reason: This is the core molecular activity of KRAS. The UniProt record, Reactome intrinsic GTPase reaction, and biochemical KRAS mutant studies all support GTP hydrolysis as the central catalytic activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity
Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
RAS proteins have weak intrinsic GTPase activity in the absence of other effectors
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
**KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase** that functions as a GDP/GTP-regulated switch. GTP binding induces conformational changes in **switch I/II** regions enabling effector recognition, while GTP hydrolysis returns KRAS to the GDP-bound state.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24415755
The chaperone protein SmgGDS interacts with small GTPases en...
REMOVE
Summary: This protein binding annotation records a physical interaction, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe KRAS function.
Reason: Protein binding is specifically uninformative for KRAS. Specific effector/regulator interactions should support Ras signaling, MAPK cascade, PI3K signaling, or localization annotations rather than a generic protein binding MF term.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9674816
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9654521
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS has a cytoplasmic/cytosolic pool during its membrane-trafficking cycle, including PDEdelta-mediated solubilization of farnesylated KRAS.
Reason: Although signaling-competent KRAS is membrane-associated, cytosolic localization is supported as part of its trafficking and recycling cycle.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4B (and depalmitoylated prenylated cargo) can bind PDE6D to shield its prenyl group and support trafficking between endomembranes and plasma membrane. Quantitatively summarized evidence indicates that loss of KRAS4B carboxymethylation reduces PDE6D affinity by >35-fold, and a Ser181 phosphomimic (S181E) reduces affinity by >6-fold.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9654523
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS has a cytoplasmic/cytosolic pool during its membrane-trafficking cycle, including PDEdelta-mediated solubilization of farnesylated KRAS.
Reason: Although signaling-competent KRAS is membrane-associated, cytosolic localization is supported as part of its trafficking and recycling cycle.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4B (and depalmitoylated prenylated cargo) can bind PDE6D to shield its prenyl group and support trafficking between endomembranes and plasma membrane. Quantitatively summarized evidence indicates that loss of KRAS4B carboxymethylation reduces PDE6D affinity by >35-fold, and a Ser181 phosphomimic (S181E) reduces affinity by >6-fold.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9654525
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS has a cytoplasmic/cytosolic pool during its membrane-trafficking cycle, including PDEdelta-mediated solubilization of farnesylated KRAS.
Reason: Although signaling-competent KRAS is membrane-associated, cytosolic localization is supported as part of its trafficking and recycling cycle.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4B (and depalmitoylated prenylated cargo) can bind PDE6D to shield its prenyl group and support trafficking between endomembranes and plasma membrane. Quantitatively summarized evidence indicates that loss of KRAS4B carboxymethylation reduces PDE6D affinity by >35-fold, and a Ser181 phosphomimic (S181E) reduces affinity by >6-fold.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9654533
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS has a cytoplasmic/cytosolic pool during its membrane-trafficking cycle, including PDEdelta-mediated solubilization of farnesylated KRAS.
Reason: Although signaling-competent KRAS is membrane-associated, cytosolic localization is supported as part of its trafficking and recycling cycle.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4B (and depalmitoylated prenylated cargo) can bind PDE6D to shield its prenyl group and support trafficking between endomembranes and plasma membrane. Quantitatively summarized evidence indicates that loss of KRAS4B carboxymethylation reduces PDE6D affinity by >35-fold, and a Ser181 phosphomimic (S181E) reduces affinity by >6-fold.
GO:0005741 mitochondrial outer membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9653592
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome places phosphorylated KRAS4B at the mitochondrial outer membrane in a regulated trafficking/signaling context.
Reason: This is context-specific and isoform/modification-state dependent, so it should be kept as non-core rather than treated as a general KRAS localization.
GO:0005741 mitochondrial outer membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9653595
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reactome places phosphorylated KRAS4B at the mitochondrial outer membrane in a regulated trafficking/signaling context.
Reason: This is context-specific and isoform/modification-state dependent, so it should be kept as non-core rather than treated as a general KRAS localization.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9653503
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9653592
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9651280
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802834
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802908
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802918
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802922
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802924
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802925
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802926
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802937
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802941
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802942
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802943
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6803233
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6803234
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6803240
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8936731
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9647977
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ER membrane annotations reflect CAAX processing and maturation reactions for farnesylated RAS proteins in Reactome.
Reason: The ER membrane is relevant to RAS processing but is not the primary location of signaling-competent KRAS.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9647978
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ER membrane annotations reflect CAAX processing and maturation reactions for farnesylated RAS proteins in Reactome.
Reason: The ER membrane is relevant to RAS processing but is not the primary location of signaling-competent KRAS.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9647999
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ER membrane annotations reflect CAAX processing and maturation reactions for farnesylated RAS proteins in Reactome.
Reason: The ER membrane is relevant to RAS processing but is not the primary location of signaling-competent KRAS.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9649732
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ER membrane annotations reflect CAAX processing and maturation reactions for farnesylated RAS proteins in Reactome.
Reason: The ER membrane is relevant to RAS processing but is not the primary location of signaling-competent KRAS.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9647978
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS has a cytoplasmic/cytosolic pool during its membrane-trafficking cycle, including PDEdelta-mediated solubilization of farnesylated KRAS.
Reason: Although signaling-competent KRAS is membrane-associated, cytosolic localization is supported as part of its trafficking and recycling cycle.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4B (and depalmitoylated prenylated cargo) can bind PDE6D to shield its prenyl group and support trafficking between endomembranes and plasma membrane. Quantitatively summarized evidence indicates that loss of KRAS4B carboxymethylation reduces PDE6D affinity by >35-fold, and a Ser181 phosphomimic (S181E) reduces affinity by >6-fold.
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9647980
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Golgi membrane localization is relevant to RAS membrane trafficking and palmitoylation cycles, especially for the K-Ras4A isoform.
Reason: This is a plausible trafficking/maturation localization but not the primary signaling location for KRAS.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-9647980
mature RAS proteins translocate to the plasma membrane
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4A contains a palmitoylation site (Cys180) enabling reversible palmitoylation-dependent Golgi trafficking. Expert synthesis notes that farnesylation + palmitoylation can increase membrane affinity by >100-fold and acts as a Golgi "affinity trap" promoting vesicular delivery to the plasma membrane.
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9647982
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Golgi membrane localization is relevant to RAS membrane trafficking and palmitoylation cycles, especially for the K-Ras4A isoform.
Reason: This is a plausible trafficking/maturation localization but not the primary signaling location for KRAS.
Supporting Evidence:
Reactome:R-HSA-9647980
mature RAS proteins translocate to the plasma membrane
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4A contains a palmitoylation site (Cys180) enabling reversible palmitoylation-dependent Golgi trafficking. Expert synthesis notes that farnesylation + palmitoylation can increase membrane affinity by >100-fold and acts as a Golgi "affinity trap" promoting vesicular delivery to the plasma membrane.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1168636
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1225951
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1225957
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1250383
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1306972
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1433471
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-170986
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-177938
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-177945
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-186834
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-210977
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2179407
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2424477
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-392054
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5218845
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5621573
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5624486
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5624492
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5624494
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5637806
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5637808
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5654392
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5654402
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5654413
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5654426
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5654600
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5654618
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5654647
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5654663
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5655241
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5655277
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5655326
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5655347
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5658231
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5658435
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5672950
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5672965
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5672966
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5672969
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5672972
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5672973
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5672978
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5672980
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5674018
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5674022
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5675417
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5675431
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5675433
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802837
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8851827
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8851877
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8851899
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8941613
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8941618
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8941623
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8941628
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8981353
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8981355
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9607304
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9632906
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9632918
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9634418
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9647980
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9647994
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9649733
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9649735
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9653108
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9656209
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9656211
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9656212
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9656213
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9656214
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9656215
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9657599
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9657603
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9657606
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9657608
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9658253
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9664991
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9665009
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9665404
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9665408
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9665700
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9665707
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9670436
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9672163
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9672170
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9695853
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9703441
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9647982
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: ER membrane annotations reflect CAAX processing and maturation reactions for farnesylated RAS proteins in Reactome.
Reason: The ER membrane is relevant to RAS processing but is not the primary location of signaling-competent KRAS.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9649732
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9653585
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9654521
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9654533
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0044877 protein-containing complex binding
IDA
PMID:23209302
KIF14 negatively regulates Rap1a-Radil signaling during brea...
REMOVE
Summary: The protein-containing complex binding annotation is broad and the cited paper is not KRAS-centered; it does not clarify KRAS molecular function.
Reason: This generic binding term is not useful for KRAS and appears to come from a broad complex-binding assertion rather than evidence for a specific KRAS activity.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:23698361
Small molecule inhibition of the KRAS-PDEΞ΄ interaction impai...
ACCEPT
Summary: KRAS has a cytoplasmic/cytosolic pool during its membrane-trafficking cycle, including PDEdelta-mediated solubilization of farnesylated KRAS.
Reason: Although signaling-competent KRAS is membrane-associated, cytosolic localization is supported as part of its trafficking and recycling cycle.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
KRAS4B (and depalmitoylated prenylated cargo) can bind PDE6D to shield its prenyl group and support trafficking between endomembranes and plasma membrane. Quantitatively summarized evidence indicates that loss of KRAS4B carboxymethylation reduces PDE6D affinity by >35-fold, and a Ser181 phosphomimic (S181E) reduces affinity by >6-fold.
GO:0005925 focal adhesion
HDA
PMID:21423176
Analysis of the myosin-II-responsive focal adhesion proteome...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The focal adhesion annotation comes from high-throughput proteomic detection rather than targeted KRAS localization evidence.
Reason: Focal adhesion is not a supported core or well-established localization for KRAS in the reviewed evidence.
GO:0016020 membrane
HDA
PMID:19946888
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The generic membrane annotation is directionally correct for lipid-anchored KRAS but lacks the useful subcellular specificity available from curated evidence.
Reason: KRAS has more specific and better-supported plasma membrane, cytoplasmic-side-of-plasma-membrane, endomembrane, and cytosolic localization annotations. Generic membrane should not be used as an informative KRAS localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802914
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802915
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802916
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802919
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6802921
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-6803230
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8936676
ACCEPT
Summary: TAS annotation for plasma membrane localization. KRAS is lipid-anchored and functions at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.
Reason: Plasma membrane localization is well supported by UniProt, PDEdelta localization work, K-Ras4a acylation work, and many Reactome RAS pathway events.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
Cell membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22431598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29239724}; Lipid-anchor
PMID:23698361
Correct localization and signalling by farnesylated KRAS is regulated by the prenyl-binding protein PDEΞ΄
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression
IMP
PMID:22065586
Oncogenic Ras and B-Raf proteins positively regulate death r...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Oncogenic Ras can increase expression of specific genes such as DR5 through ERK/JNK-dependent transcription factor activation.
Reason: The evidence concerns oncogenic Ras/B-Raf regulation of a specific death receptor transcriptional response. The broad gene expression term is a downstream, mutant/context-dependent outcome rather than a general KRAS function.

Core Functions

KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase with intrinsic GTP hydrolysis activity. Its active GTP-bound state is turned off by intrinsic and GAP-stimulated hydrolysis to GDP, making nucleotide cycling the central molecular switch for KRAS function.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:human/KRAS/KRAS-uniprot.txt
    Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity
  • Reactome:R-HSA-9649736
    RAS proteins have weak intrinsic GTPase activity in the absence of other effectors
  • file:human/KRAS/KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md
    **KRAS is a Ras-family small GTPase** that functions as a GDP/GTP-regulated switch. GTP binding induces conformational changes in **switch I/II** regions enabling effector recognition, while GTP hydrolysis returns KRAS to the GDP-bound state.

GTP-bound KRAS recruits RAF-family kinases and other effectors to propagate downstream signaling, most prominently the RAF-MEK-ERK MAPK cascade and PI3K-AKT-mTOR branch.

Molecular Function:
GTP binding
Directly Involved In:
Cellular Locations:
Supporting Evidence:
  • Reactome:R-HSA-5673001
    GTP-bound RAS recruits RAF (the MAPK kinase kinase), and promotes its dimerization and activation
  • PMID:33608534
    Active RAS recruits RAF to the membrane where RAF dimerizes and becomes active
  • PMID:39788953
    Their interaction plays a crucial role in activating PI3KΞ± and amplifying the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Which KRAS4A and KRAS4B functions should be represented as isoform-specific GO annotations rather than gene-level annotations?

Q: Should SHOC2-PP1C complex annotations be restricted to MRAS, or should weak H/K/NRAS interactions support non-core annotations?

Q: Can KRAS mitochondrial outer membrane localization be curated as a modification- or isoform-specific function rather than a general localization?

Q: Should pathway-level proliferation, senescence, and programmed cell death annotations be retained for KRAS or replaced by more direct Ras/MAPK and PI3K pathway terms?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Endogenous isoform-specific tagging or proteomics to quantify KRAS4A and KRAS4B localization across plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, endomembrane, cytosol, and mitochondria.

Hypothesis: Gene-level KRAS localization annotations conflate distinct KRAS4A and KRAS4B trafficking mechanisms.

Experiment: Compare endogenous KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, and MRAS binding to SHOC2-PP1C under matched nucleotide-loading and membrane conditions.

Hypothesis: Canonical RAS isoforms bind SHOC2-PP1C weakly relative to MRAS and should not receive core phosphatase-complex component annotations.

Experiment: Use pathway-resolved KRAS perturbation with rescue by GTPase, effector-binding, and localization mutants to separate direct MAPK/PI3K signaling from downstream proliferation and gene-expression outcomes.

Hypothesis: Most broad biological-process annotations for KRAS are downstream consequences of Ras effector signaling rather than direct gene-level functions.

Deep Research

Falcon

(KRAS-deep-research-falcon.md)

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πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(KRAS-notes.md)

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πŸ“„ View Raw YAML

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