# Citations for Research Query **Query:** # Literature evidence for LGALS3 (Homo sapiens): LGALS3 has immunological synapse (GO:0001772). Gene/protein: LGALS3. Organism: Homo sapiens (NCBITaxon:9606). Claim to support or refute with independent experimental literature: LGALS3 has immunological synapse (GO:0001772). Key context: - Term: immunological synapse (GO:0001772) - Existing evidence type: IBA - Original reference: GO_REF:0000033 Retrieve primary experimental papers that directly test this claim for LGALS3 (or a well-supported ortholog): assays, mutant phenotypes, localisation, interactions, or structures. ## How to use this prompt You are searching for **independent literature support for the single gene-function hypothesis stated above**. The hypothesis is a plain claim that a gene product has a particular molecular function, biological role, or cellular location. Find primary (or well-justified orthologous) evidence that **confirms or refutes** that claim for this specific gene. This is a recall-oriented search: surface every plausible piece of supporting evidence, but make each candidate **independently checkable** so a downstream curator or agent can filter false positives. This is not a general gene overview, and any prior curation decision shown in the context is intentionally neutralised — judge the hypothesis on the external evidence, not on the existing annotation. A common use of this template is confirming annotations that currently rest only on phylogenetic inference (evidence code IBA, propagated from PANTHER `GO_REF:0000033`), but it applies to any gene-function hypothesis. ## Focus - **Focus type:** function_support - **Hypothesis slug:** function-support-go-0001772 - **Source file:** genes/human/LGALS3/LGALS3-ai-review.yaml - **Source selector:** existing_annotations[6] ## Reference Context - GO_REF:0000033 ## Source Context YAML ```yaml term: id: GO:0001772 label: immunological synapse evidence_type: IBA original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033 ``` ## Research Objective Find the strongest available **independent** evidence bearing on whether the hypothesis is true for LGALS3. Prioritise, in order: 1. Direct experimental evidence in LGALS3 itself (the named gene in the named organism): assays, mutant phenotypes, localisation, interactions, structures. 2. Direct experimental evidence in a clearly orthologous gene, where the orthology is well established and the function is expected to be conserved. 3. Strong indirect or computational evidence (domain architecture, conserved motifs, structural homology, operon/pathway context), reported conservatively. Prefer **PMID** citations; include **DOI** citations when no PMID is available. Treat reviews and database records as orientation only — cite the underlying primary papers wherever possible. **Expect false positives.** This pipeline is tuned for recall, so a downstream curator/agent will sift your results. For every candidate you must therefore provide an **exact verbatim snippet** from the source that can be checked, plus enough context (organism, assay, gene actually studied) to detect paralog confusion, wrong-organism carry-over, or claims that are really about a different gene. ## Required Output ### Executive Judgment State whether independent support exists: **supported** (with strong primary evidence), **partially / indirectly supported**, **unresolved** (no independent evidence found), or **refuted**. One short paragraph; lead with the verdict. ### Evidence Matrix A table with one row per candidate evidence item: - Citation (PMID preferred; DOI otherwise) - Gene/protein actually studied (and organism) — flag if it is an ortholog or a paralog - Evidence type (direct assay, mutant phenotype, localization, interaction, structural/evolutionary, computational, review/database) - Supports / refutes / qualifies - Exact verbatim snippet to verify (quote the source) - Key finding in your own words - Confidence and the most important caveat (false-positive risk) ### Best Supporting References List the 1–3 references most suitable to add to the review's `supported_by` for this hypothesis, each with the exact snippet a curator should confirm. If none qualify, say so explicitly. ### Conflicts and Alternatives Note any evidence that contradicts the hypothesis or that points to paralog confusion, organism-specific differences, isoform-specific findings, or database carry-over. ### Knowledge Gaps If no adequate independent evidence exists, state what was searched, why the gap matters, and what evidence or experiment would resolve it. **Provider:** asta **Generated:** 2026-06-22T04:46:24.012974 1. Yinghui Ren, Yongmei Qian, Qicheng Zhang, Xiaoping Li, Mingjiang Li et al. (2024). High LGALS3 expression induced by HCP5/hsa-miR-27b-3p correlates with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell International. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/552bd37c67dea75d0c33a9a0de2acdafcf0dcf6e 2. Kevin A. Maupin, Daniel T. Dick, Vari Vivarium, Transgenics Core, B. Williams (2020). Mutation of the galectin‐3 glycan‐binding domain ( Lgals3‐R200S) enhances cortical bone expansion in male mice and trabecular bone mass in female mice. FEBS Open Bio. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6ab62ea9acc6fef617d0b1f237c1a477f45b05c7 3. Jian-Jing Siew, Hui-Mei Chen, Feng‐Lan Chiu, Chia-Wei Lee, Yao-Ming Chang et al. (2023). Galectin-3 aggravates microglial activation and tau transmission in tauopathy. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c77eea796475aa4e26a4051432bc4d4c021d847 4. J. X. Pereira, Maria Carolina Braga Azeredo, Felipe Sá Martins, R. Chammas, F. L. Oliveira et al. (2016). The deficiency of galectin-3 in stromal cells leads to enhanced tumor growth and bone marrow metastasis. BMC Cancer. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5f5ef422f3c44fa24a457d97d0c915ae8188a279 5. P. Ruvolo, Chenyue W. Hu, Y. Qiu, V. Ruvolo, Robin L. Go et al. (2019). LGALS3 is connected to CD74 in a previously unknown protein network that is associated with poor survival in patients with AML. EBioMedicine. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46bbdbcb4660389e13acba24499cc415d75f18e0 6. Kui Wang, Shuyue Fu, Lixia Dong, Dingyue Zhang, Mao Wang et al. (2023). Periplocin suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer cells by triggering LGALS3 (galectin 3)-mediated lysophagy. Autophagy. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3dadfc351823c4e325e65c171ab3765871189c80 7. A. Montero‐Calle, Á. López-Janeiro, Marta L. Mendes, Daniel Perez-Hernandez, Irene Echevarría et al. (2023). In-depth quantitative proteomics analysis revealed C1GALT1 depletion in ECC-1 cells mimics an aggressive endometrial cancer phenotype observed in cancer patients with low C1GALT1 expression. Cellular Oncology. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92b64e01bcb30f7457ddb8cc4be26de8b0c7cf69 8. Tammy R. Chaudoin, S. Bonasera (2018). Mice lacking galectin-3 (Lgals3) function have decreased home cage movement. BMC Neuroscience. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/26255eafb963932be62ecb55d4943930217cb63f 9. Tammy R. Chaudoin, S. Bonasera (2018). Mice lacking galectin-3 (Lgals3) function have decreased home cage movement. BMC Neuroscience. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/613a09b176431cdca195e6b3c439b4edbe4f92af 10. Mi Guan, Yanping Ma, S. Shah, G. Romano (2016). Thyroid malignant neoplasm-associated biomarkers as targets for oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic Virotherapy. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9f79d851e32ad25e83c0a2d64e12919bf81a89f8 11. Qin Xia, Hanfei Zheng, Yang Li, Wanting Xu, Chengwei Wu et al. (2023). SMURF1 controls the PPP3/calcineurin complex and TFEB at a regulatory node for lysosomal biogenesis. Autophagy. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7ab13fe72fa12a55aa9304ce52199d1494c8974a