# Citations for Research Query **Query:** # Literature evidence for LGALS3 (Homo sapiens): LGALS3 has nucleus (GO:0005634). Gene/protein: LGALS3. Organism: Homo sapiens (NCBITaxon:9606). Claim to support or refute with independent experimental literature: LGALS3 has nucleus (GO:0005634). Key context: - Term: nucleus (GO:0005634) - Existing evidence type: IBA - Original reference: GO_REF:0000033 Retrieve primary experimental papers that directly test this claim for LGALS3 (or a well-supported ortholog): assays, mutant phenotypes, localisation, interactions, or structures. ## How to use this prompt You are searching for **independent literature support for the single gene-function hypothesis stated above**. The hypothesis is a plain claim that a gene product has a particular molecular function, biological role, or cellular location. Find primary (or well-justified orthologous) evidence that **confirms or refutes** that claim for this specific gene. This is a recall-oriented search: surface every plausible piece of supporting evidence, but make each candidate **independently checkable** so a downstream curator or agent can filter false positives. This is not a general gene overview, and any prior curation decision shown in the context is intentionally neutralised — judge the hypothesis on the external evidence, not on the existing annotation. A common use of this template is confirming annotations that currently rest only on phylogenetic inference (evidence code IBA, propagated from PANTHER `GO_REF:0000033`), but it applies to any gene-function hypothesis. ## Focus - **Focus type:** function_support - **Hypothesis slug:** function-support-go-0005634 - **Source file:** genes/human/LGALS3/LGALS3-ai-review.yaml - **Source selector:** existing_annotations[3] ## Reference Context - GO_REF:0000033 ## Source Context YAML ```yaml term: id: GO:0005634 label: nucleus evidence_type: IBA original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033 ``` ## Research Objective Find the strongest available **independent** evidence bearing on whether the hypothesis is true for LGALS3. Prioritise, in order: 1. Direct experimental evidence in LGALS3 itself (the named gene in the named organism): assays, mutant phenotypes, localisation, interactions, structures. 2. Direct experimental evidence in a clearly orthologous gene, where the orthology is well established and the function is expected to be conserved. 3. Strong indirect or computational evidence (domain architecture, conserved motifs, structural homology, operon/pathway context), reported conservatively. Prefer **PMID** citations; include **DOI** citations when no PMID is available. Treat reviews and database records as orientation only — cite the underlying primary papers wherever possible. **Expect false positives.** This pipeline is tuned for recall, so a downstream curator/agent will sift your results. For every candidate you must therefore provide an **exact verbatim snippet** from the source that can be checked, plus enough context (organism, assay, gene actually studied) to detect paralog confusion, wrong-organism carry-over, or claims that are really about a different gene. ## Required Output ### Executive Judgment State whether independent support exists: **supported** (with strong primary evidence), **partially / indirectly supported**, **unresolved** (no independent evidence found), or **refuted**. One short paragraph; lead with the verdict. ### Evidence Matrix A table with one row per candidate evidence item: - Citation (PMID preferred; DOI otherwise) - Gene/protein actually studied (and organism) — flag if it is an ortholog or a paralog - Evidence type (direct assay, mutant phenotype, localization, interaction, structural/evolutionary, computational, review/database) - Supports / refutes / qualifies - Exact verbatim snippet to verify (quote the source) - Key finding in your own words - Confidence and the most important caveat (false-positive risk) ### Best Supporting References List the 1–3 references most suitable to add to the review's `supported_by` for this hypothesis, each with the exact snippet a curator should confirm. If none qualify, say so explicitly. ### Conflicts and Alternatives Note any evidence that contradicts the hypothesis or that points to paralog confusion, organism-specific differences, isoform-specific findings, or database carry-over. ### Knowledge Gaps If no adequate independent evidence exists, state what was searched, why the gap matters, and what evidence or experiment would resolve it. **Provider:** asta **Generated:** 2026-06-22T04:46:01.863834 1. Kui Wang, Shuyue Fu, Lixia Dong, Dingyue Zhang, Mao Wang et al. (2023). Periplocin suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer cells by triggering LGALS3 (galectin 3)-mediated lysophagy. Autophagy. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3dadfc351823c4e325e65c171ab3765871189c80 2. Mi Guan, Yanping Ma, S. Shah, G. Romano (2016). Thyroid malignant neoplasm-associated biomarkers as targets for oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic Virotherapy. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9f79d851e32ad25e83c0a2d64e12919bf81a89f8 3. P. Rusmini, F. Mina, M. Valenza, Martina Vitali, V. Ferrari et al. (2025). Impairment of lysosomal quality control in Huntington disease. Cell Death & Disease. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c874bbb3c9e6aa0a3f74519c022f3fa822daf4a8 4. P. Ruvolo, Chenyue W. Hu, Y. Qiu, V. Ruvolo, Robin L. Go et al. (2019). LGALS3 is connected to CD74 in a previously unknown protein network that is associated with poor survival in patients with AML. EBioMedicine. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46bbdbcb4660389e13acba24499cc415d75f18e0 5. Wan-Ming Hu, Yuan-Zhong Yang, Tian Zhang, Changling Qin, Xuenong Li (2020). LGALS3 Is a Poor Prognostic Factor in Diffusely Infiltrating Gliomas and Is Closely Correlated With CD163+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Frontiers in Medicine. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/53b083f91a08aefebb5f9edaaa95625e2dc98f2b 6. Zehua Ye, Yushi Sun, Songyuan Yang, Lei Li, Bojun Li et al. (2025). Lgals3 Promotes Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation and Kidney Injury Through Histone Lactylation‐Mediated FGFR4 Activation. Advanced Science. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/adbfa30b5832407d200a5eade9196d41be08050e 7. Yinghui Ren, Yongmei Qian, Qicheng Zhang, Xiaoping Li, Mingjiang Li et al. (2024). High LGALS3 expression induced by HCP5/hsa-miR-27b-3p correlates with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell International. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/552bd37c67dea75d0c33a9a0de2acdafcf0dcf6e 8. Kevin A. Maupin, Daniel T. Dick, Vari Vivarium, Transgenics Core, B. Williams (2020). Mutation of the galectin‐3 glycan‐binding domain ( Lgals3‐R200S) enhances cortical bone expansion in male mice and trabecular bone mass in female mice. FEBS Open Bio. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6ab62ea9acc6fef617d0b1f237c1a477f45b05c7 9. A. Montero‐Calle, Á. López-Janeiro, Marta L. Mendes, Daniel Perez-Hernandez, Irene Echevarría et al. (2023). In-depth quantitative proteomics analysis revealed C1GALT1 depletion in ECC-1 cells mimics an aggressive endometrial cancer phenotype observed in cancer patients with low C1GALT1 expression. Cellular Oncology. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92b64e01bcb30f7457ddb8cc4be26de8b0c7cf69 10. Jian-Jing Siew, Hui-Mei Chen, Feng‐Lan Chiu, Chia-Wei Lee, Yao-Ming Chang et al. (2023). Galectin-3 aggravates microglial activation and tau transmission in tauopathy. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c77eea796475aa4e26a4051432bc4d4c021d847 11. Kevin A. Maupin, Kevin Weaver, Alexis Bergsma, Cheryl Christie, Z. Zhong et al. (2018). Enhanced cortical bone expansion in Lgals3-deficient mice during aging. Bone Research. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/186b9fa98d1dd1342931f3b02765fa78aecd0100 12. Jing Li, Hongtao Shen, G. Owens, Lian‐Wang Guo (2022). SREBP1 regulates Lgals3 activation in response to cholesterol loading. Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6c55d666855233ff0e7035d46075997924da854c