# Citations for Research Query **Query:** # Literature evidence for LGALS3 (Homo sapiens): LGALS3 has negative regulation of endocytosis (GO:0045806). Gene/protein: LGALS3. Organism: Homo sapiens (NCBITaxon:9606). Claim to support or refute with independent experimental literature: LGALS3 has negative regulation of endocytosis (GO:0045806). Key context: - Term: negative regulation of endocytosis (GO:0045806) - Existing evidence type: IBA - Original reference: GO_REF:0000033 Retrieve primary experimental papers that directly test this claim for LGALS3 (or a well-supported ortholog): assays, mutant phenotypes, localisation, interactions, or structures. ## How to use this prompt You are searching for **independent literature support for the single gene-function hypothesis stated above**. The hypothesis is a plain claim that a gene product has a particular molecular function, biological role, or cellular location. Find primary (or well-justified orthologous) evidence that **confirms or refutes** that claim for this specific gene. This is a recall-oriented search: surface every plausible piece of supporting evidence, but make each candidate **independently checkable** so a downstream curator or agent can filter false positives. This is not a general gene overview, and any prior curation decision shown in the context is intentionally neutralised — judge the hypothesis on the external evidence, not on the existing annotation. A common use of this template is confirming annotations that currently rest only on phylogenetic inference (evidence code IBA, propagated from PANTHER `GO_REF:0000033`), but it applies to any gene-function hypothesis. ## Focus - **Focus type:** function_support - **Hypothesis slug:** function-support-go-0045806 - **Source file:** genes/human/LGALS3/LGALS3-ai-review.yaml - **Source selector:** existing_annotations[11] ## Reference Context - GO_REF:0000033 ## Source Context YAML ```yaml term: id: GO:0045806 label: negative regulation of endocytosis evidence_type: IBA original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033 ``` ## Research Objective Find the strongest available **independent** evidence bearing on whether the hypothesis is true for LGALS3. Prioritise, in order: 1. Direct experimental evidence in LGALS3 itself (the named gene in the named organism): assays, mutant phenotypes, localisation, interactions, structures. 2. Direct experimental evidence in a clearly orthologous gene, where the orthology is well established and the function is expected to be conserved. 3. Strong indirect or computational evidence (domain architecture, conserved motifs, structural homology, operon/pathway context), reported conservatively. Prefer **PMID** citations; include **DOI** citations when no PMID is available. Treat reviews and database records as orientation only — cite the underlying primary papers wherever possible. **Expect false positives.** This pipeline is tuned for recall, so a downstream curator/agent will sift your results. For every candidate you must therefore provide an **exact verbatim snippet** from the source that can be checked, plus enough context (organism, assay, gene actually studied) to detect paralog confusion, wrong-organism carry-over, or claims that are really about a different gene. ## Required Output ### Executive Judgment State whether independent support exists: **supported** (with strong primary evidence), **partially / indirectly supported**, **unresolved** (no independent evidence found), or **refuted**. One short paragraph; lead with the verdict. ### Evidence Matrix A table with one row per candidate evidence item: - Citation (PMID preferred; DOI otherwise) - Gene/protein actually studied (and organism) — flag if it is an ortholog or a paralog - Evidence type (direct assay, mutant phenotype, localization, interaction, structural/evolutionary, computational, review/database) - Supports / refutes / qualifies - Exact verbatim snippet to verify (quote the source) - Key finding in your own words - Confidence and the most important caveat (false-positive risk) ### Best Supporting References List the 1–3 references most suitable to add to the review's `supported_by` for this hypothesis, each with the exact snippet a curator should confirm. If none qualify, say so explicitly. ### Conflicts and Alternatives Note any evidence that contradicts the hypothesis or that points to paralog confusion, organism-specific differences, isoform-specific findings, or database carry-over. ### Knowledge Gaps If no adequate independent evidence exists, state what was searched, why the gap matters, and what evidence or experiment would resolve it. **Provider:** asta **Generated:** 2026-06-22T04:47:01.096905 1. P. Ruvolo, Chenyue W. Hu, Y. Qiu, V. Ruvolo, Robin L. Go et al. (2019). LGALS3 is connected to CD74 in a previously unknown protein network that is associated with poor survival in patients with AML. EBioMedicine. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/46bbdbcb4660389e13acba24499cc415d75f18e0 2. Ho Jeong Lee, Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma, S. Kim, S. Ha, P. Vetrivel et al. (2018). Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Tumor-Associated Proteins in Human Gastric Cancer Cells Treated with Pectolinarigenin. Nutrients. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/630404664201d86cc15f629d5770143629ee1859 3. Yinghui Ren, Yongmei Qian, Qicheng Zhang, Xiaoping Li, Mingjiang Li et al. (2024). High LGALS3 expression induced by HCP5/hsa-miR-27b-3p correlates with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell International. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/552bd37c67dea75d0c33a9a0de2acdafcf0dcf6e 4. Alexander J. Knights, Jinfen. J. Yik, Hanapi Mat Jusoh, Laura J. Norton, Alister P. W. Funnell et al. (2016). Krüppel-like Factor 3 (KLF3/BKLF) Is Required for Widespread Repression of the Inflammatory Modulator Galectin-3 (Lgals3)*. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dce84b7faec66ad9234b04f596d036ed32078971 5. S. Blois, G. Dveksler, G. Vasta, N. Freitag, V. Blanchard et al. (2019). Pregnancy Galectinology: Insights Into a Complex Network of Glycan Binding Proteins. Frontiers in Immunology. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/68fad2b87411701fa708a1f49f8b918370486857 6. Kui Wang, Shuyue Fu, Lixia Dong, Dingyue Zhang, Mao Wang et al. (2023). Periplocin suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer cells by triggering LGALS3 (galectin 3)-mediated lysophagy. Autophagy. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3dadfc351823c4e325e65c171ab3765871189c80 7. M. Guittaut, Stéphane Charpentier, Thierry Normand, Martine Dubois, J. Raimond et al. (2001). Identification of an Internal Gene to the Human Galectin-3 Gene with Two Different Overlapping Reading Frames That Do Not Encode Galectin-3*. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/75ca62f4b6eb66b3bcdac062664da410941fdcaa 8. Kevin J. Burbidge, D. J. Rademacher, Jessica E Mattick, Stephanie R. Zack, A. Grillini et al. (2021). LGALS3 (galectin 3) mediates an unconventional secretion of SNCA/α-synuclein in response to lysosomal membrane damage by the autophagic-lysosomal pathway in human midbrain dopamine neurons. Autophagy. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc5e102f7ebd04ebabcf3db8dfc995e5999c4629 9. Saleh M. Ramezani, Arianna Parkhideh, P. Bhattacharya, M. Farach-Carson, D. Harrington (2021). Beyond Colonoscopy: Exploring New Cell Surface Biomarkers for Detection of Early, Heterogenous Colorectal Lesions. Frontiers in Oncology. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4b48091d0ad86a2121491218707db23e88605000 10. Mi Guan, Yanping Ma, S. Shah, G. Romano (2016). Thyroid malignant neoplasm-associated biomarkers as targets for oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic Virotherapy. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9f79d851e32ad25e83c0a2d64e12919bf81a89f8 11. R. Baldock, A. Ferguson, W. M. Brown, Sejal Patel, M Mallar Chakravarty et al. (2016). Gene Prioritization for Imaging Genetics Studies Using Gene Ontology and a Stratified False Discovery Rate Approach. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9a53e7ac6c4f67e80679c6eb8016c4ccced3d7c9