| Application area | Specific marker/agent | Indication(s) | Key quantitative data | Current status/notes | Key supporting citation IDs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarker/diagnostic | CA15-3 / CA27.29 (shed MUC1-N) | Breast cancer monitoring/prognosis | Used clinically for monitoring; elevated levels correlate with recurrence/disease progression; no sensitivity/specificity reported in retrieved sources. In one 2024 breast cohort, CA15-3 median was 18.66 U/mL in breast cancer vs 11.74 U/mL in benign breast tumors (31 vs 30 patients; p=0.001). | FDA-approved for monitoring breast cancer; should not be used interchangeably according to review summary. | (pqac-00000043, pqac-00000001) |
| Biomarker/diagnostic | KL-6 (MUC1 glycoform) | Interstitial lung disease (ILD) severity/progression | European multicenter ILD study: n=303, 37% progressed at 1 year; risk model including KL-6 gave 55% sensitivity, 73% specificity, 67% accuracy for 1-year progression. | Established serum biomarker for ILD severity; used in clinical routine, especially in Japan; measured by automated chemiluminescent immunoassay. | (pqac-00000008) |
| Biomarker/diagnostic | KL-6 | Differential diagnosis of idiopathic ILD vs SARD-ILD | UK-BILD analysis: 1,013 patients selected from 3,169 enrolled (520 idiopathic ILD, 493 SARD-ILD); multivariable model including KL-6 achieved 69.4% sensitivity and 80.4% specificity; KL-6 higher in idiopathic ILD (p=0.0002). | Real-world serum biomarker panel measured by Fujirebio chemiluminescent assay. | (pqac-00000044, pqac-00000047) |
| Biomarker/diagnostic | KL-6 | Lung cancer prognosis | Meta-analysis of 13 studies/1,723 patients: high pretreatment KL-6 associated with shorter PFS (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.46-2.44) and OS (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.37-2.26); >500 U/mL associated with worse outcomes. | Prognostic signal strongest in patients without ILD; ECLIA outperformed ELISA in pooled analysis. | (pqac-00000042, pqac-00000045) |
| Therapeutic target | GO-203 (MUC1-C inhibitor peptide) | Experimental MUC1-C targeting in cancer; cited AML clinical development; asthma/hypoxia models | In hypoxia-memory breast cancer model, 5 daily GO-203 doses increased mitoROS in CTCs and reduced GFP+ metastatic burden by 53%; in asthma mouse model, GO-203 exacerbated neutrophilic inflammation (n=6/group). | Not approved; cited as having completed/undergone Phase I evaluation in AML in review literature; strong preclinical activity but no approved indication in retrieved sources. | (pqac-00000025, pqac-00000018, pqac-00000022) |
| Therapeutic target | MUC1-C antibody-drug conjugate (3D1-MMAE / M1C ADC concept) | Solid tumors with MUC1-C overexpression | Preclinical ADC showed antitumor activity in lung, breast, and patient-derived TNBC models; no human enrollment data in retrieved primary ADC paper. | Preclinical/translation-stage platform; rationale strengthened by failure of MUC1-N targeting due to shedding. | (pqac-00000006, pqac-00000003) |
| Therapeutic target | MUC1 vaccines (MUC1-KLH/QS21; peptide + Poly-ICLC; ImMucin) | Breast cancer, advanced colorectal adenoma prevention, MUC1-expressing tumors | NCT00004156 Phase 1 breast cancer vaccine: enrolled 45; immune-response endpoint over 2 years. NCT00773097 Phase 2 colorectal adenoma vaccine: enrolled 46. NCT00162500 ImMucin Phase 2: planned 15, withdrawn. Historic tecemotide Phase 3 NSCLC trial enrolled 1,513 but no OS benefit (review summary). | Multiple vaccine platforms tested; many completed or withdrawn, with limited definitive efficacy despite immunogenicity. | (pqac-00000032, pqac-00000037, pqac-00000036, pqac-00000035) |
| Therapeutic target | MUC1-directed DC/CTL therapy | Stage IV gastric cancer; pancreatic/biliary tumors; ovarian cancer | NCT02602249 randomized Phase 1 stage IV gastric cancer trial planned enrollment 24; compares MUC1-gene-DC-CTL, MUC1-peptide-DC-CTL, and saline. Review summary notes autologous DC + CTL regimen in 42 late-stage pancreatic patients and peptide-pulsed DC adjuvant study with 4/12 recurrence-free survivors, median survival 26 months. | Gastric cancer trial listed as UNKNOWN / NOT_YET_RECRUITING in retrieved record; broader DC strategies remain investigational. | (pqac-00000033, pqac-00000034, pqac-00000035) |
| Therapeutic target | MUC1 CAR-T | Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | NCT03633773 Phase 1/2 trial enrollment 9. | Human study exists in ClinicalTrials.gov retrieval; overall status listed as UNKNOWN in search output. | (pqac-00000000) |
| Disease genetics | Germline MUC1 pathogenic variants (ADTKD-MUC1) | Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease; COVID-19 risk in affected patients | Registry/survey study: 89 ADTKD-MUC1 and 132 ADTKD-UMOD respondents; COVID-19 infection OR 2.35; deaths 10/41 vs 1/30 in expanded familial cases (OR 9.21); longitudinal registry 19/360 (5%) vs 3/478 (0.6%) deaths, multivariable OR for COVID-19 death 8.4 (95% CI 2.9-29.5). Lower pre-infection plasma mucin-1/CA15-3 in infected vs uninfected ADTKD-MUC1 (7.06 ± 4.12 vs 10.21 ± 4.02 U/mL, p=0.035). | Established Mendelian disease association; Open Targets also lists strong association with ADTKD-related disease terms. | (pqac-00000000, pqac-00000001) |


*Table: This table summarizes real-world and translational uses of MUC1 across biomarkers, therapeutics, and inherited disease genetics. It highlights quantitative findings, study sizes, and implementation status using only evidence available in the conversation.*