PICALM

UniProt ID: Q13492
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

PICALM encodes CALM, a ubiquitously expressed ANTH-domain clathrin adaptor that binds phosphatidylinositol phosphates, clathrin, AP-2, and selected cargo proteins to promote clathrin-coated pit maturation and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It localizes mainly to cytosolic membrane interfaces including plasma membrane clathrin-coated pits, clathrin-coated vesicles, Golgi/endosomal compartments, and synaptic vesicle-related membranes. PICALM helps determine clathrin-coated vesicle size and membrane curvature, and it sorts small R-SNAREs such as VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP8 between the plasma membrane and endosomes. Cargo- and tissue-specific consequences include transferrin receptor/iron uptake, AMPA receptor trafficking, gamma-secretase and APP-related trafficking, amyloid-beta transcytosis across brain endothelium, and association with tau pathology.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0072583 clathrin-dependent endocytosis
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0005546 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM/CALM uses its ANTH domain to bind phosphoinositides/PIP2 at clathrin-coated membrane sites, anchoring its endocytic adaptor and curvature functions.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0006900 vesicle budding from membrane
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0098894 extrinsic component of presynaptic endocytic zone membrane
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005905 clathrin-coated pit
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0000149 SNARE binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM directly binds small R-SNAREs such as VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP8 and mediates their endocytosis.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0030136 clathrin-coated vesicle
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005545 1-phosphatidylinositol binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM/CALM uses its ANTH domain to bind phosphoinositides/PIP2 at clathrin-coated membrane sites, anchoring its endocytic adaptor and curvature functions.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0008021 synaptic vesicle
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: This synaptic-vesicle/presynaptic term is consistent with PICALM/AP180-family SNARE sorting and synaptic vesicle trafficking biology.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0032050 clathrin heavy chain binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct clathrin/clathrin-heavy-chain binding is central to PICALM recruitment and clathrin-coated pit/vesicle assembly.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0005543 phospholipid binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM/CALM uses its ANTH domain to bind phosphoinositides/PIP2 at clathrin-coated membrane sites, anchoring its endocytic adaptor and curvature functions.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0005545 1-phosphatidylinositol binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM/CALM uses its ANTH domain to bind phosphoinositides/PIP2 at clathrin-coated membrane sites, anchoring its endocytic adaptor and curvature functions.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nuclear localization and transcriptional effects are context-specific, mainly from nuclear shuttling or leukemia-fusion/interactor biology, and are not the principal PICALM function.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005905 clathrin-coated pit
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0006897 endocytosis
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0012505 endomembrane system
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0016020 membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0030136 clathrin-coated vesicle
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0030276 clathrin binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct clathrin/clathrin-heavy-chain binding is central to PICALM recruitment and clathrin-coated pit/vesicle assembly.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0031982 vesicle
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0048259 regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0048268 clathrin coat assembly
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM is required for orderly clathrin coat and coated-bud formation at the plasma membrane.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0072583 clathrin-dependent endocytosis
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22829078
FHL2 interacts with CALM and is highly expressed in acute er...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may be real, but generic protein binding is not informative for PICALM because specific clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-adaptor annotations are available.
Reason: This is less informative or less direct than the specific PICALM functions supported by the evidence; prefer clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-trafficking annotations where applicable.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26496610
A human interactome in three quantitative dimensions organiz...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may be real, but generic protein binding is not informative for PICALM because specific clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-adaptor annotations are available.
Reason: This is less informative or less direct than the specific PICALM functions supported by the evidence; prefer clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-trafficking annotations where applicable.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:35044719
Proteome-scale mapping of binding sites in the unstructured ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may be real, but generic protein binding is not informative for PICALM because specific clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-adaptor annotations are available.
Reason: This is less informative or less direct than the specific PICALM functions supported by the evidence; prefer clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-trafficking annotations where applicable.
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
EXP
PMID:10436022
Clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia (CALM) protein: ...
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0046579 positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
IMP
PMID:26005850
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-Ξ² blood-brain barrier tra...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This annotation is supported or plausible for a specific cellular or disease context, but it is not the primary PICALM clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:1902991 regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
IMP
PMID:24577224
Decreased CALM expression reduces AΞ²42 to total AΞ² ratio thr...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The gamma-secretase/APP processing annotation is supported as a cargo-specific consequence of CALM-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis, not as a separate catalytic activity.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:1902993 positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This annotation is supported or plausible for a specific cellular or disease context, but it is not the primary PICALM clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0048268 clathrin coat assembly
IDA
PMID:16262731
Effect of clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protei...
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM is required for orderly clathrin coat and coated-bud formation at the plasma membrane.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0006879 intracellular iron ion homeostasis
IMP
PMID:22952941
The PICALM protein plays a key role in iron homeostasis and ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The iron-homeostasis and linked expression/proliferation phenotypes are supported, but they arise downstream of transferrin receptor endocytosis rather than defining the primary molecular role.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0060586 multicellular organismal-level iron ion homeostasis
IMP
PMID:22952941
The PICALM protein plays a key role in iron homeostasis and ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The iron-homeostasis and linked expression/proliferation phenotypes are supported, but they arise downstream of transferrin receptor endocytosis rather than defining the primary molecular role.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0150093 amyloid-beta clearance by transcytosis
ISS
PMID:26005850
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-Ξ² blood-brain barrier tra...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The BBB/endothelial amyloid-beta clearance evidence is strong and Alzheimer-relevant, but it is a cargo- and tissue-specific consequence of PICALM-mediated endocytic/transcytotic trafficking.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0030132 clathrin coat of coated pit
IDA
PMID:10436022
Clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia (CALM) protein: ...
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM is required for orderly clathrin coat and coated-bud formation at the plasma membrane.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0030132 clathrin coat of coated pit
IDA
PMID:16262731
Effect of clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protei...
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM is required for orderly clathrin coat and coated-bud formation at the plasma membrane.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0031267 small GTPase binding
IPI
PMID:26005850
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-Ξ² blood-brain barrier tra...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The BBB/endothelial amyloid-beta clearance evidence is strong and Alzheimer-relevant, but it is a cargo- and tissue-specific consequence of PICALM-mediated endocytic/transcytotic trafficking.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0050750 low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
IPI
PMID:26005850
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-Ξ² blood-brain barrier tra...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The BBB/endothelial amyloid-beta clearance evidence is strong and Alzheimer-relevant, but it is a cargo- and tissue-specific consequence of PICALM-mediated endocytic/transcytotic trafficking.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0000149 SNARE binding
IDA
PMID:22118466
The molecular basis for the endocytosis of small R-SNAREs by...
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM directly binds small R-SNAREs such as VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP8 and mediates their endocytosis.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22118466
The molecular basis for the endocytosis of small R-SNAREs by...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may be real, but generic protein binding is not informative for PICALM because specific clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-adaptor annotations are available.
Reason: This is less informative or less direct than the specific PICALM functions supported by the evidence; prefer clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-trafficking annotations where applicable.
GO:0006897 endocytosis
IDA
PMID:22118466
The molecular basis for the endocytosis of small R-SNAREs by...
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:16262731
Effect of clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protei...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may be real, but generic protein binding is not informative for PICALM because specific clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-adaptor annotations are available.
Reason: This is less informative or less direct than the specific PICALM functions supported by the evidence; prefer clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-trafficking annotations where applicable.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:16262731
Effect of clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protei...
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0072583 clathrin-dependent endocytosis
IMP
PMID:26005850
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-Ξ² blood-brain barrier tra...
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0150093 amyloid-beta clearance by transcytosis
IGI
PMID:26005850
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-Ξ² blood-brain barrier tra...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The BBB/endothelial amyloid-beta clearance evidence is strong and Alzheimer-relevant, but it is a cargo- and tissue-specific consequence of PICALM-mediated endocytic/transcytotic trafficking.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0001540 amyloid-beta binding
IC
GO_REF:0000111
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Amyloid-beta binding is not directly established for PICALM in the cited inference; the cached BBB study supports PICALM-dependent A-beta/LRP1 trafficking and direct LRP1-tail binding rather than direct amyloid-beta binding.
Reason: This is less informative or less direct than the specific PICALM functions supported by the evidence; prefer clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-trafficking annotations where applicable.
GO:0006900 vesicle budding from membrane
IMP
PMID:25898166
CALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation b...
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0048156 tau protein binding
IPI
PMID:23589030
Clathrin adaptor CALM/PICALM is associated with neurofibrill...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The tau/neurofibrillary-tangle evidence is Alzheimer-relevant, but it reflects pathology-associated localization or binding rather than the main clathrin/SNARE adaptor role.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
HDA
PMID:25468996
E-cadherin interactome complexity and robustness resolved by...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The high-throughput cadherin-binding annotation is peripheral to PICALM endocytic adaptor biology and is less informative than the supported clathrin/SNARE/phosphoinositide binding terms.
Reason: This is less informative or less direct than the specific PICALM functions supported by the evidence; prefer clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-trafficking annotations where applicable.
GO:0031623 receptor internalization
IMP
PMID:25898166
CALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation b...
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0005546 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
ISS
PMID:25898166
CALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation b...
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM/CALM uses its ANTH domain to bind phosphoinositides/PIP2 at clathrin-coated membrane sites, anchoring its endocytic adaptor and curvature functions.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0005905 clathrin-coated pit
IMP
PMID:25898166
CALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation b...
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0016020 membrane
ISS
PMID:25898166
CALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation b...
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0030136 clathrin-coated vesicle
IMP
PMID:25898166
CALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation b...
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0045334 clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle
NAS
PMID:25898166
CALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation b...
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0097494 regulation of vesicle size
IMP
PMID:25898166
CALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation b...
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size, maturation, and membrane curvature through its PIP2-bound ANTH/amphipathic-helix module.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0097753 membrane bending
IMP
PMID:25898166
CALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation b...
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size, maturation, and membrane curvature through its PIP2-bound ANTH/amphipathic-helix module.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0007611 learning or memory
ISS
PMID:26005850
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-Ξ² blood-brain barrier tra...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This annotation is supported or plausible for a specific cellular or disease context, but it is not the primary PICALM clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:1902003 regulation of amyloid-beta formation
ISS NOT
PMID:26005850
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-Ξ² blood-brain barrier tra...
ACCEPT
Summary: This is a NOT annotation for regulation of amyloid-beta formation; it should be retained because the cited disease-model evidence supports amyloid-beta clearance/transcytosis rather than amyloid-beta production by PICALM.
Reason: The NOT annotation is consistent with evidence that the referenced study separated PICALM-dependent amyloid-beta clearance from amyloid-beta production/formation.
GO:1903077 negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
IMP
PMID:21221849
CALM, a clathrin assembly protein, influences cell surface G...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The GluR2/postsynaptic trafficking evidence is plausible but cargo-specific and not the main PICALM clathrin coat/SNARE sorting function.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:2000009 negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface
IMP
PMID:21221849
CALM, a clathrin assembly protein, influences cell surface G...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The GluR2/postsynaptic trafficking evidence is plausible but cargo-specific and not the main PICALM clathrin coat/SNARE sorting function.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0005769 early endosome
IDA
PMID:26005850
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-Ξ² blood-brain barrier tra...
ACCEPT
Summary: This endosomal/cargo-trafficking term is consistent with PICALM-mediated sorting of endocytic cargo between plasma membrane and endosomal compartments.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0070381 endosome to plasma membrane transport vesicle
IDA
PMID:26005850
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-Ξ² blood-brain barrier tra...
ACCEPT
Summary: This endosomal/cargo-trafficking term is consistent with PICALM-mediated sorting of endocytic cargo between plasma membrane and endosomal compartments.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0009986 cell surface
IDA
PMID:26005850
Central role for PICALM in amyloid-Ξ² blood-brain barrier tra...
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8867613
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8867754
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8867756
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868071
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868072
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868230
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868236
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868648
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868651
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868658
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868659
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868660
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8868661
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8869438
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8871193
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8871194
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0016020 membrane
HDA
PMID:19946888
Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells.
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0016188 synaptic vesicle maturation
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: This synaptic-vesicle/presynaptic term is consistent with PICALM/AP180-family SNARE sorting and synaptic vesicle trafficking biology.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0031982 vesicle
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23382074
A high-confidence interaction map identifies SIRT1 as a medi...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may be real, but generic protein binding is not informative for PICALM because specific clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-adaptor annotations are available.
Reason: This is less informative or less direct than the specific PICALM functions supported by the evidence; prefer clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-trafficking annotations where applicable.
GO:1902004 positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation
IMP
PMID:24577224
Decreased CALM expression reduces AΞ²42 to total AΞ² ratio thr...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The gamma-secretase/APP processing annotation is supported as a cargo-specific consequence of CALM-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis, not as a separate catalytic activity.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression
IMP
PMID:22952941
The PICALM protein plays a key role in iron homeostasis and ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The iron-homeostasis and linked expression/proliferation phenotypes are supported, but they arise downstream of transferrin receptor endocytosis rather than defining the primary molecular role.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0072583 clathrin-dependent endocytosis
IMP
PMID:22952941
The PICALM protein plays a key role in iron homeostasis and ...
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0035459 vesicle cargo loading
IMP
PMID:24577224
Decreased CALM expression reduces AΞ²42 to total AΞ² ratio thr...
ACCEPT
Summary: This endosomal/cargo-trafficking term is consistent with PICALM-mediated sorting of endocytic cargo between plasma membrane and endosomal compartments.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body
IDA
PMID:23589030
Clathrin adaptor CALM/PICALM is associated with neurofibrill...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The tau/neurofibrillary-tangle evidence is Alzheimer-relevant, but it reflects pathology-associated localization or binding rather than the main clathrin/SNARE adaptor role.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0072583 clathrin-dependent endocytosis
IMP
PMID:24577224
Decreased CALM expression reduces AΞ²42 to total AΞ² ratio thr...
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0097418 neurofibrillary tangle
IMP
PMID:23589030
Clathrin adaptor CALM/PICALM is associated with neurofibrill...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The tau/neurofibrillary-tangle evidence is Alzheimer-relevant, but it reflects pathology-associated localization or binding rather than the main clathrin/SNARE adaptor role.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0031623 receptor internalization
IMP
PMID:14985334
Analysis of clathrin-mediated endocytosis of epidermal growt...
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:16491119
The novel CALM interactor CATS influences the subcellular lo...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may be real, but generic protein binding is not informative for PICALM because specific clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-adaptor annotations are available.
Reason: This is less informative or less direct than the specific PICALM functions supported by the evidence; prefer clathrin, clathrin heavy chain, SNARE, phosphoinositide, and cargo-trafficking annotations where applicable.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:16491119
The novel CALM interactor CATS influences the subcellular lo...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nuclear localization and transcriptional effects are context-specific, mainly from nuclear shuttling or leukemia-fusion/interactor biology, and are not the principal PICALM function.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IDA
PMID:11425879
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of endocytic proteins.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nuclear localization and transcriptional effects are context-specific, mainly from nuclear shuttling or leukemia-fusion/interactor biology, and are not the principal PICALM function.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0032050 clathrin heavy chain binding
IDA
PMID:10436022
Clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia (CALM) protein: ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct clathrin/clathrin-heavy-chain binding is central to PICALM recruitment and clathrin-coated pit/vesicle assembly.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0032880 regulation of protein localization
IDA
PMID:10436022
Clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia (CALM) protein: ...
ACCEPT
Summary: This localization/process is consistent with PICALM acting at cytosolic membrane interfaces for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and vesicle trafficking.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0048261 negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
IDA
PMID:10436022
Clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia (CALM) protein: ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The negative regulation term reflects dominant-negative overexpression effects on receptor endocytosis, whereas loss-of-function and rescue studies support a normal positive/core role in clathrin-mediated internalization.
Reason: The annotation is not simply wrong, but it over-emphasizes an overexpression phenotype and can misrepresent normal PICALM biology; receptor-mediated endocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis capture the core process better.
GO:0016197 endosomal transport
IMP
PMID:16262731
Effect of clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protei...
ACCEPT
Summary: This endosomal/cargo-trafficking term is consistent with PICALM-mediated sorting of endocytic cargo between plasma membrane and endosomal compartments.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0030276 clathrin binding
IDA
PMID:16262731
Effect of clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protei...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct clathrin/clathrin-heavy-chain binding is central to PICALM recruitment and clathrin-coated pit/vesicle assembly.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0048268 clathrin coat assembly
IMP
PMID:16262731
Effect of clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protei...
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM is required for orderly clathrin coat and coated-bud formation at the plasma membrane.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0030100 regulation of endocytosis
IMP
PMID:18182011
Evidence for CALM in directing VAMP2 trafficking.
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0042734 presynaptic membrane
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: This synaptic-vesicle/presynaptic term is consistent with PICALM/AP180-family SNARE sorting and synaptic vesicle trafficking biology.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0045211 postsynaptic membrane
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The GluR2/postsynaptic trafficking evidence is plausible but cargo-specific and not the main PICALM clathrin coat/SNARE sorting function.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This annotation is supported or plausible for a specific cellular or disease context, but it is not the primary PICALM clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
Reason: Retain as non-core because the annotation is supported or plausible but represents a cargo-specific, disease-model, endothelial, iron-homeostasis, nuclear/leukemia, or downstream phenotype rather than the primary clathrin/SNARE adaptor function.
GO:0005545 1-phosphatidylinositol binding
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: PICALM/CALM uses its ANTH domain to bind phosphoinositides/PIP2 at clathrin-coated membrane sites, anchoring its endocytic adaptor and curvature functions.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0005905 clathrin-coated pit
IDA
PMID:10436022
Clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia (CALM) protein: ...
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This location is consistent with PICALM/CALM recruitment to cytosolic membrane interfaces used for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, clathrin-coated vesicle formation, SNARE sorting, and endosomal/synaptic vesicle trafficking.
GO:0006898 receptor-mediated endocytosis
IDA
PMID:10436022
Clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia (CALM) protein: ...
ACCEPT
Summary: This endocytosis/receptor-internalization term captures the core PICALM role in clathrin-mediated internalization and coated-vesicle maturation.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0030276 clathrin binding
IDA
PMID:10436022
Clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia (CALM) protein: ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct clathrin/clathrin-heavy-chain binding is central to PICALM recruitment and clathrin-coated pit/vesicle assembly.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0016192 vesicle-mediated transport
TAS
PMID:8643484
The t(10;11)(p13;q14) in the U937 cell line results in the f...
ACCEPT
Summary: This vesicle/coated-pit term is consistent with PICALM acting at clathrin-coated pits and clathrin-coated vesicle intermediates.
Reason: This term aligns with the core PICALM/CALM role as a phosphoinositide-binding clathrin adaptor that organizes clathrin-coated pits/vesicles, controls vesicle curvature and maturation, and sorts endocytic cargo including small R-SNAREs.
GO:0065003 protein-containing complex assembly
TAS
PMID:8643484
The t(10;11)(p13;q14) in the U937 cell line results in the f...
MODIFY
Summary: The generic protein-containing complex assembly annotation is too broad for PICALM; the supported complex-assembly role is clathrin coat assembly.
Reason: The source publication identifies CALM as a clathrin assembly protein family member, and later direct evidence supports clathrin coat formation; use the specific clathrin coat assembly term instead of a generic complex-assembly term.
Proposed replacements: clathrin coat assembly

Core Functions

PICALM binds PIP2/phosphoinositide-rich cytosolic membrane surfaces through its ANTH domain and N-terminal amphipathic helix, positioning the adaptor at clathrin-coated pits where it senses and drives curvature during coated-vesicle maturation.

Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:25898166
    CALM is thus a major factor in controlling CCV size and maturation
  • PMID:25898166
    Here we show that CALM possesses an N-terminal amphipathic helix that regulates CCP/CCV size and maturation and hence endocytic rate

PICALM binds clathrin heavy chain and AP-2-associated endocytic machinery to promote clathrin recruitment, clathrin coat assembly, and receptor/cargo internalization at plasma membrane coated pits and related Golgi/endosomal sites.

Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:10436022
    the clathrin heavy chain is the major binding partner of CALM
  • PMID:10436022
    Altogether, the data suggest that CALM is an important component of coated pit internalization machinery
  • PMID:16262731
    critical role for CALM in the regulation and orderly progression of coated bud formation at the plasma membrane

PICALM directly recognizes small R-SNARE cargoes, including VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP8, and sorts them into endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles for cycling between the plasma membrane and endosomal/synaptic-vesicle compartments.

Supporting Evidence:

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Should amyloid-beta/LRP1 transcytosis annotations be represented as cargo-specific receptor internalization/transcytosis rather than direct amyloid-beta binding by PICALM?

Suggested experts: Alzheimer BBB trafficking experts, GO endocytosis curators

Q: Which PICALM isoforms or tissue contexts should be distinguished for neuronal SNARE sorting, endothelial amyloid-beta clearance, erythroid transferrin receptor uptake, and nuclear/leukemia-associated localization?

Suggested experts: PICALM/CALM domain experts, GO isoform annotation curators

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Rescue PICALM-null human neurons, endothelial cells, and erythroid precursors with endogenous-level wild-type, PIP2-binding-defective, clathrin-binding-defective, and SNARE-binding-defective PICALM variants, then quantify clathrin-coated pit maturation, VAMP cargo sorting, LRP1/amyloid-beta transcytosis, and transferrin receptor uptake.

Hypothesis: PIP2/membrane-curvature, clathrin, and SNARE-binding modules make separable contributions to shared endocytic adaptor function and tissue-specific cargo phenotypes.

Type: endogenous-rescue separation-of-function trafficking assay

Experiment: Test whether PICALM directly binds amyloid-beta or instead binds LRP1/cargo complexes during endothelial transcytosis using purified components, LRP1-tail mutants, and live-cell cargo uptake assays.

Hypothesis: PICALM promotes amyloid-beta clearance primarily by recognizing LRP1/cargo endocytic machinery rather than by direct amyloid-beta binding.

Type: cargo-binding and endothelial transcytosis mechanism assay

πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(PICALM-notes.md)

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