PSENEN

UniProt ID: Q9NZ42
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

PSENEN encodes PEN-2, a small multipass membrane protein and essential non-catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase intramembrane protease complex. Together with a presenilin catalytic subunit, nicastrin, and APH1A or APH1B, PEN-2 promotes presenilin maturation/endoproteolysis, gamma-secretase complex stability and trafficking, and intramembrane cleavage of substrates including APP and Notch receptors. PEN-2 localizes primarily to endoplasmic-reticulum and cis-Golgi membranes, with evidence for cell-membrane and other membrane compartments; additional orthology-based evidence links PEN-2 to energy-stress signaling through V-ATPase/AMPK/TORC1 regulation.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0007220 Notch receptor processing
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN supports gamma-secretase-dependent Notch receptor processing through its role in complex maturation and activity.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN/PEN-2 is an integral subunit of the four-component gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and APH1.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0016020 membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0032580 Golgi cisterna membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15322109
Both the sequence and length of the C terminus of PEN-2 are ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with PSENEN complex/substrate associations, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer gamma-secretase complex membership and endopeptidase-activator/contribution terms over broad protein-binding annotations.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:16641999
TMP21 is a presenilin complex component that modulates gamma...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with PSENEN complex/substrate associations, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer gamma-secretase complex membership and endopeptidase-activator/contribution terms over broad protein-binding annotations.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18201567
Cellular localization of Nicastrin affects amyloid beta spec...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with PSENEN complex/substrate associations, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer gamma-secretase complex membership and endopeptidase-activator/contribution terms over broad protein-binding annotations.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23685131
Ferritin light chain interacts with PEN-2 and affects Ξ³-secr...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with PSENEN complex/substrate associations, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer gamma-secretase complex membership and endopeptidase-activator/contribution terms over broad protein-binding annotations.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:30559186
Bax inhibitor 1 is a Ξ³-secretase-independent presenilin-bind...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with PSENEN complex/substrate associations, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer gamma-secretase complex membership and endopeptidase-activator/contribution terms over broad protein-binding annotations.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32296183
A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with PSENEN complex/substrate associations, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer gamma-secretase complex membership and endopeptidase-activator/contribution terms over broad protein-binding annotations.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32814053
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence is compatible with PSENEN complex/substrate associations, but generic protein binding is not an informative molecular function for this gene.
Reason: Prefer gamma-secretase complex membership and endopeptidase-activator/contribution terms over broad protein-binding annotations.
GO:0016485 protein processing
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures regulated membrane-substrate processing by the PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0042149 cellular response to glucose starvation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This starvation/TORC1/AMPK-related annotation represents a plausible gamma-secretase-independent PSENEN role, but it is not the main PEN-2 function supported by the human gamma-secretase literature.
Reason: Retain as non-core because this likely reflects a gamma-secretase-independent, energy-stress/V-ATPase/AMPK-related role transferred by orthology or automation, not the primary human PSENEN gamma-secretase function reviewed here.
GO:0042734 presynaptic membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Presynaptic membrane localization is plausible for some transferred annotations but is peripheral to the main ER/Golgi/cell-membrane gamma-secretase complex localization evidence.
Reason: Retain as non-core because it may reflect a real context-specific localization without defining the primary PSENEN function.
GO:0061133 endopeptidase activator activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN/PEN-2 promotes presenilin endoproteolysis and gamma-secretase proteolytic activity, supporting an endopeptidase-activating role at the complex level.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN/PEN-2 is an integral subunit of the four-component gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and APH1.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0140678 molecular function inhibitor activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This starvation/TORC1/AMPK-related annotation represents a plausible gamma-secretase-independent PSENEN role, but it is not the main PEN-2 function supported by the human gamma-secretase literature.
Reason: Retain as non-core because this likely reflects a gamma-secretase-independent, energy-stress/V-ATPase/AMPK-related role transferred by orthology or automation, not the primary human PSENEN gamma-secretase function reviewed here.
GO:1904262 negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This starvation/TORC1/AMPK-related annotation represents a plausible gamma-secretase-independent PSENEN role, but it is not the main PEN-2 function supported by the human gamma-secretase literature.
Reason: Retain as non-core because this likely reflects a gamma-secretase-independent, energy-stress/V-ATPase/AMPK-related role transferred by orthology or automation, not the primary human PSENEN gamma-secretase function reviewed here.
GO:0042149 cellular response to glucose starvation
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This starvation/TORC1/AMPK-related annotation represents a plausible gamma-secretase-independent PSENEN role, but it is not the main PEN-2 function supported by the human gamma-secretase literature.
Reason: Retain as non-core because this likely reflects a gamma-secretase-independent, energy-stress/V-ATPase/AMPK-related role transferred by orthology or automation, not the primary human PSENEN gamma-secretase function reviewed here.
GO:0140678 molecular function inhibitor activity
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This starvation/TORC1/AMPK-related annotation represents a plausible gamma-secretase-independent PSENEN role, but it is not the main PEN-2 function supported by the human gamma-secretase literature.
Reason: Retain as non-core because this likely reflects a gamma-secretase-independent, energy-stress/V-ATPase/AMPK-related role transferred by orthology or automation, not the primary human PSENEN gamma-secretase function reviewed here.
GO:1904262 negative regulation of TORC1 signaling
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This starvation/TORC1/AMPK-related annotation represents a plausible gamma-secretase-independent PSENEN role, but it is not the main PEN-2 function supported by the human gamma-secretase literature.
Reason: Retain as non-core because this likely reflects a gamma-secretase-independent, energy-stress/V-ATPase/AMPK-related role transferred by orthology or automation, not the primary human PSENEN gamma-secretase function reviewed here.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
NAS
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0007220 Notch receptor processing
NAS
PMID:10206645
A presenilin-1-dependent gamma-secretase-like protease media...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN supports gamma-secretase-dependent Notch receptor processing through its role in complex maturation and activity.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0031293 membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures regulated membrane-substrate processing by the PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing and amyloid-beta-related product formation.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IPI
PMID:26280335
An atomic structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN/PEN-2 is an integral subunit of the four-component gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and APH1.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0000139 Golgi membrane
NAS
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0016485 protein processing
IMP
PMID:12522139
PEN-2 and APH-1 coordinately regulate proteolytic processing...
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures regulated membrane-substrate processing by the PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
EXP
PMID:12522139
PEN-2 and APH-1 coordinately regulate proteolytic processing...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005789 endoplasmic reticulum membrane
EXP
PMID:12639958
Membrane topology of gamma-secretase component PEN-2.
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:24941111
Pen-2 is essential for Ξ³-secretase complex stability and tra...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0016020 membrane
EXP
PMID:12198112
PEN-2 is an integral component of the gamma-secretase comple...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0016485 protein processing
IMP
PMID:12660785
The role of presenilin cofactors in the gamma-secretase comp...
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures regulated membrane-substrate processing by the PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0016485 protein processing
IGI
PMID:12763021
APH1, PEN2, and Nicastrin increase Abeta levels and gamma-se...
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures regulated membrane-substrate processing by the PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
IPI
PMID:12522139
PEN-2 and APH-1 coordinately regulate proteolytic processing...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Broad enzyme binding is plausible for a PSENEN gamma-secretase subunit but is less informative than complex membership and activator/contribution terms.
Reason: Retain as non-core because it may reflect real interaction with presenilin enzyme complexes without defining the primary PSENEN molecular role.
GO:0034205 amyloid-beta formation
IGI
PMID:12763021
APH1, PEN2, and Nicastrin increase Abeta levels and gamma-se...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing and amyloid-beta-related product formation.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
IMP
PMID:12660785
The role of presenilin cofactors in the gamma-secretase comp...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing and amyloid-beta-related product formation.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
IGI
PMID:12763021
APH1, PEN2, and Nicastrin increase Abeta levels and gamma-se...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing and amyloid-beta-related product formation.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0061133 endopeptidase activator activity
IMP
PMID:12522139
PEN-2 and APH-1 coordinately regulate proteolytic processing...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN/PEN-2 promotes presenilin endoproteolysis and gamma-secretase proteolytic activity, supporting an endopeptidase-activating role at the complex level.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0061133 endopeptidase activator activity
IGI
PMID:12763021
APH1, PEN2, and Nicastrin increase Abeta levels and gamma-se...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN/PEN-2 promotes presenilin endoproteolysis and gamma-secretase proteolytic activity, supporting an endopeptidase-activating role at the complex level.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IGI
PMID:12763021
APH1, PEN2, and Nicastrin increase Abeta levels and gamma-se...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN/PEN-2 is an integral subunit of the four-component gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and APH1.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0010950 positive regulation of endopeptidase activity
IMP
PMID:12660785
The role of presenilin cofactors in the gamma-secretase comp...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN/PEN-2 promotes presenilin endoproteolysis and gamma-secretase proteolytic activity, supporting an endopeptidase-activating role at the complex level.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0034205 amyloid-beta formation
IMP
PMID:12660785
The role of presenilin cofactors in the gamma-secretase comp...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing and amyloid-beta-related product formation.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0010008 endosome membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9010096
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:25043039
Three-dimensional structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:26280335
An atomic structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0034205 amyloid-beta formation
IMP
PMID:25043039
Three-dimensional structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing and amyloid-beta-related product formation.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0034205 amyloid-beta formation
IMP
PMID:26280335
An atomic structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing and amyloid-beta-related product formation.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0042982 amyloid precursor protein metabolic process
IDA
PMID:25043039
Three-dimensional structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing and amyloid-beta-related product formation.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0042982 amyloid precursor protein metabolic process
IDA
PMID:26280335
An atomic structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing and amyloid-beta-related product formation.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IDA
PMID:25043039
Three-dimensional structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN/PEN-2 is an integral subunit of the four-component gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and APH1.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0070765 gamma-secretase complex
IDA
PMID:26280335
An atomic structure of human Ξ³-secretase.
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN/PEN-2 is an integral subunit of the four-component gamma-secretase complex with presenilin, nicastrin, and APH1.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1251997
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-193682
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-205112
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2220988
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3928656
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9013361
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9017817
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9839376
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-2197556
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-9604300
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This membrane or endomembrane location is consistent with PSENEN/PEN-2 as a multipass gamma-secretase subunit in ER, Golgi, cell-membrane, and substrate-processing compartments.
Reason: PSENEN/PEN-2 is a multipass membrane gamma-secretase subunit with ER, cis-Golgi, cell-membrane, and general endomembrane localization evidence.
GO:0006509 membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
MODIFY
Summary: Gamma-secretase acts after ectodomain shedding and performs intramembrane cleavage; ectodomain proteolysis is not the best PSENEN process label.
Reason: Use intramembrane substrate-processing terms rather than ectodomain proteolysis for the PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase complex.
GO:0007220 Notch receptor processing
TAS
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN supports gamma-secretase-dependent Notch receptor processing through its role in complex maturation and activity.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0016485 protein processing
IDA
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: This captures regulated membrane-substrate processing by the PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase complex.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.
GO:0042987 amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
TAS
PMID:15274632
Purification and characterization of the human gamma-secreta...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSENEN-containing gamma-secretase participates in APP processing and amyloid-beta-related product formation.
Reason: The term aligns with PSENEN/PEN-2 function as an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin maturation, complex stability, trafficking, and APP/Notch substrate processing.

Core Functions

PSENEN/PEN-2 is an essential non-catalytic gamma-secretase subunit that promotes presenilin endoproteolysis, stabilizes and traffics the assembled complex, and enables presenilin-dependent intramembrane cleavage of APP, Notch receptors, and related membrane substrates.

Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:12198112
    a critical component of PS1/gamma-secretase and PS2/gamma-secretase complexes
  • PMID:12198112
    PEN-2 is an integral gamma-secretase complex component
  • PMID:12522139
    Down-regulation of PEN-2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolishes the endoproteolysis of PS1
  • PMID:12660785
    PEN-2 is required for endoproteolytic processing of presenilin and conferring gamma-secretase activity to the complex
  • PMID:24941111
    Pen-2 may also stabilize the complex prior to PS1 endoproteolysis, allowing time for full assembly and proper trafficking
  • PMID:25043039
    The Ξ³-secretase complex consists of four components: presenilin, Pen-2, Aph-1, and Nicastrin

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: How should GO represent PEN-2 promotion of presenilin endoproteolysis, complex stability, and trafficking without implying that PSENEN is the catalytic protease?

Suggested experts: GO molecular-function curators, gamma-secretase structure-function experts

Q: Which PSENEN energy-stress/V-ATPase/AMPK/TORC1 activities are direct human PEN-2 functions versus orthology-based or drug-response context?

Suggested experts: AMPK signaling experts, gamma-secretase complex experts

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Use endogenous PSENEN perturbation and rescue in human neural and epithelial cells to measure presenilin endoproteolysis, complex assembly, localization, and APP/Notch substrate cleavage side by side.

Hypothesis: PEN-2 primarily controls gamma-secretase activity by promoting presenilin maturation plus complex stability and trafficking rather than by acting as an independent protease.

Type: endogenous rescue and gamma-secretase maturation assay

Experiment: Test PSENEN-dependent metformin/V-ATPase/AMPK/TORC1 signaling in human cells with gamma-secretase catalytic inhibition and presenilin-complex assembly mutants.

Hypothesis: The reported energy-stress role of PEN-2 is separable from the canonical gamma-secretase substrate-processing role.

Type: separation-of-function energy-stress signaling assay

πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(PSENEN-notes.md)

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