PSMA1

UniProt ID: P25786
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

PSMA1 encodes proteasome subunit alpha type-1, a non-catalytic alpha-ring component of the human 20S core proteasome. It contributes to the architecture and gated entry surface of the 20S core, thereby supporting proteasomal protein catabolism in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome complexes.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005634 nucleus
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: nucleus is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process captures the proteasome-mediated protein catabolism process supported for this subunit as part of the proteasome.
Reason: The gene product is a core 20S proteasome subunit, so proteasomal protein catabolism is an appropriate core biological-process context.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/PSMA1/PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md
PSMA1 is thus part of the **execution machinery** for UPS-mediated proteolysis by enabling regulated access to catalytic sites.
GO:0019773 proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex is the appropriate core-complex membership annotation for PSMA1.
Reason: Structural studies and UniProt summaries place the protein in the 20S proteasome core; this complex-membership annotation is central to the gene product role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/PSMA1/PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md
PSMA1 is one of PSMA1-7 forming the outer Ξ± rings that regulate access to the proteolytic chamber.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: nucleus is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: cytoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005829 cytosol
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005839 proteasome core complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasome core complex is the appropriate core-complex membership annotation for PSMA1.
Reason: Structural studies and UniProt summaries place the protein in the 20S proteasome core; this complex-membership annotation is central to the gene product role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/PSMA1/PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md
The 20S CP is a barrel made of **four stacked heteroheptameric rings** arranged **Ξ±1–7 Ξ²1–7 Ξ²1–7 Ξ±1–7**; the **two outer Ξ± rings** act as a **gate** that restricts access to the proteolytic chamber.
GO:0006511 ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process is directionally related to the proteasome role but is less specific than the supported proteasome term.
Reason: Replace the broad annotation with proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, which better captures the gene product role supported by proteasome literature and existing specific GOA annotations.
GO:0019773 proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex is the appropriate core-complex membership annotation for PSMA1.
Reason: Structural studies and UniProt summaries place the protein in the 20S proteasome core; this complex-membership annotation is central to the gene product role.
GO:0030163 protein catabolic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: protein catabolic process is directionally related to the proteasome role but is less specific than the supported proteasome term.
Reason: Replace the broad annotation with proteasomal protein catabolic process, which better captures the gene product role supported by proteasome literature and existing specific GOA annotations.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12376572
Mapping and structural dissection of human 20 S proteasome u...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:14733938
Protein-protein interactions among human 20S proteasome subu...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15225636
The alpha4 and alpha7 subunits and assembly of the 20S prote...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:16189514
Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein in...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17948026
The proteasome maturation protein POMP facilitates major ste...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19060904
An empirical framework for binary interactome mapping.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21516116
Next-generation sequencing to generate interactome datasets.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21988832
Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network o...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25416956
A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25599644
Crystal structure of the human 20S proteasome in complex wit...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:29568061
An AP-MS- and BioID-compatible MAC-tag enables comprehensive...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:29636472
Structural mechanism for nucleotide-driven remodeling of the...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:29892012
An interactome perturbation framework prioritizes damaging m...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:31473102
Characterization of Fully Recombinant Human 20S and 20S-PA20...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:31515488
Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32296183
A reference map of the human binary protein interactome.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32814053
Interactome Mapping Provides a Network of Neurodegenerative ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:33961781
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:34702852
The 20S as a stand-alone proteasome in cells can degrade the...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:35271311
OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human ce...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:35858375
Structural insights into the human PA28-20S proteasome enabl...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:37776851
Analysis of proteome-wide degradation dynamics in ALS SOD1 i...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:0001530 lipopolysaccharide binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
REMOVE
Summary: Lipopolysaccharide binding is not supported as a human PSMA1 core function.
Reason: This is an automated computational projection and is not supported by the human PSMA1 UniProt functional summary or the proteasome structural literature reviewed here.
GO:0002862 negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0140756 structural constituent of proteasome
IDA
PMID:27493187
The inhibition mechanism of human 20S proteasomes enables ne...
ACCEPT
Summary: PSMA1 is a non-catalytic alpha-ring subunit whose core molecular role is structural contribution to the 20S proteasome.
Reason: Human proteasome structures and reviews support alpha subunits as structural components of the 20S core; PSMA1 should receive structural constituent/complex membership, not catalytic protease activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/PSMA1/PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md
PSMA1’s primary function is to serve as an essential **structural subunit of the 20S Ξ± ring**, contributing to:
file:human/PSMA1/PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md
Importantly, **PSMA1 is not a catalytic peptidase active site**; proteolysis occurs at catalytic **Ξ² subunits**.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
NAS
PMID:29636472
Structural mechanism for nucleotide-driven remodeling of the...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
NAS
PMID:33729481
Proteasome in action: substrate degradation by the 26S prote...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
NAS
PMID:37228199
An abundance of free regulatory (19S) proteasome particles r...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:0005829 cytosol
NAS
PMID:12032076
Properties of the hybrid form of the 26S proteasome containi...
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0008021 synaptic vesicle
NAS
PMID:37228199
An abundance of free regulatory (19S) proteasome particles r...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: synaptic vesicle is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0010498 proteasomal protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:33729481
Proteasome in action: substrate degradation by the 26S prote...
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasomal protein catabolic process captures the proteasome-mediated protein catabolism process supported for this subunit as part of the proteasome.
Reason: The gene product is a core 20S proteasome subunit, so proteasomal protein catabolism is an appropriate core biological-process context.
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:19489727
Recognition and processing of ubiquitin-protein conjugates b...
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process captures the proteasome-mediated protein catabolism process supported for this subunit as part of the proteasome.
Reason: The gene product is a core 20S proteasome subunit, so proteasomal protein catabolism is an appropriate core biological-process context.
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:33729481
Proteasome in action: substrate degradation by the 26S prote...
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process captures the proteasome-mediated protein catabolism process supported for this subunit as part of the proteasome.
Reason: The gene product is a core 20S proteasome subunit, so proteasomal protein catabolism is an appropriate core biological-process context.
GO:0061136 regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:12032076
Properties of the hybrid form of the 26S proteasome containi...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
NAS
PMID:30104634
The immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome: functions, evoluti...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
IPI
PMID:31283222
Design and Evaluation of Highly Selective Human Immunoprotea...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
NAS
PMID:32134919
Cryo-EM structures of the human PA200 and PA200-20S complex ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
IPI
PMID:34702852
The 20S as a stand-alone proteasome in cells can degrade the...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
IPI
PMID:35714770
Proteasome activator 28Ξ³ (PA28Ξ³) allosterically activates tr...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
IPI
PMID:35858375
Structural insights into the human PA28-20S proteasome enabl...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:0002376 immune system process
NAS
PMID:33019542
Adaptation of Proteasomes and Lysosomes to Cellular Environm...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: immune system process is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0005634 nucleus
NAS
PMID:32134919
Cryo-EM structures of the human PA200 and PA200-20S complex ...
ACCEPT
Summary: nucleus is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005634 nucleus
NAS
PMID:33019542
Adaptation of Proteasomes and Lysosomes to Cellular Environm...
ACCEPT
Summary: nucleus is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005634 nucleus
NAS
PMID:35858375
Structural insights into the human PA28-20S proteasome enabl...
ACCEPT
Summary: nucleus is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
NAS
PMID:35858375
Structural insights into the human PA28-20S proteasome enabl...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: cytoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005839 proteasome core complex
IPI
PMID:34702852
The 20S as a stand-alone proteasome in cells can degrade the...
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasome core complex is the appropriate core-complex membership annotation for PSMA1.
Reason: Structural studies and UniProt summaries place the protein in the 20S proteasome core; this complex-membership annotation is central to the gene product role.
GO:0006281 DNA repair
NAS
PMID:32134919
Cryo-EM structures of the human PA200 and PA200-20S complex ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: DNA repair is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0006915 apoptotic process
NAS
PMID:32935661
Role of oncogenic REGΞ³ in cancer.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: apoptotic process is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0006974 DNA damage response
NAS
PMID:32134919
Cryo-EM structures of the human PA200 and PA200-20S complex ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: DNA damage response is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0006979 response to oxidative stress
IDA
PMID:34702852
The 20S as a stand-alone proteasome in cells can degrade the...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: response to oxidative stress is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0006979 response to oxidative stress
NAS
PMID:35858375
Structural insights into the human PA28-20S proteasome enabl...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: response to oxidative stress is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0007283 spermatogenesis
NAS
PMID:23706739
Acetylation-mediated proteasomal degradation of core histone...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: spermatogenesis is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0010498 proteasomal protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:23569244
Thymoproteasome subunit-Ξ²5T generates peptide-MHC complexes ...
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasomal protein catabolic process captures the proteasome-mediated protein catabolism process supported for this subunit as part of the proteasome.
Reason: The gene product is a core 20S proteasome subunit, so proteasomal protein catabolism is an appropriate core biological-process context.
GO:0010498 proteasomal protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:23706739
Acetylation-mediated proteasomal degradation of core histone...
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasomal protein catabolic process captures the proteasome-mediated protein catabolism process supported for this subunit as part of the proteasome.
Reason: The gene product is a core 20S proteasome subunit, so proteasomal protein catabolism is an appropriate core biological-process context.
GO:0010498 proteasomal protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:30104634
The immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome: functions, evoluti...
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasomal protein catabolic process captures the proteasome-mediated protein catabolism process supported for this subunit as part of the proteasome.
Reason: The gene product is a core 20S proteasome subunit, so proteasomal protein catabolism is an appropriate core biological-process context.
GO:0010498 proteasomal protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:34702852
The 20S as a stand-alone proteasome in cells can degrade the...
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasomal protein catabolic process captures the proteasome-mediated protein catabolism process supported for this subunit as part of the proteasome.
Reason: The gene product is a core 20S proteasome subunit, so proteasomal protein catabolism is an appropriate core biological-process context.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/PSMA1/PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md
Identified substrates are enriched for intrinsically disordered RNA- and DNA-binding proteins, especially nuclear and stress-granule proteins.
GO:0010499 proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:31473102
Characterization of Fully Recombinant Human 20S and 20S-PA20...
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process captures the proteasome-mediated protein catabolism process supported for this subunit as part of the proteasome. Falcon deep research reinforces this, noting that about half of cellular proteasomes exist as free 20S complexes that degrade substrates (especially intrinsically disordered, nuclear, and stress-granule proteins) independently of ubiquitin, and PSMA1 is a constitutive alpha-ring subunit of these free 20S cores.
Reason: The gene product is a core 20S proteasome subunit, so proteasomal protein catabolism is an appropriate core biological-process context. Ubiquitin-independent degradation by free 20S is now a systematically characterized pathway in which PSMA1-containing cores participate.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/PSMA1/PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md
Pepelnjak et al. (2024) emphasize that **~half of cellular proteasomes** can exist as **free 20S complexes**, enabling ubiquitin-independent turnover of certain substratesβ€”especially proteins with **intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs)** and enrichment among **nuclear and stress granule proteins**.
GO:0030317 flagellated sperm motility
NAS
PMID:23706739
Acetylation-mediated proteasomal degradation of core histone...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: flagellated sperm motility is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0030317 flagellated sperm motility
NAS
PMID:27003159
Proteasome activators, PA28Ξ³ and PA200, play indispensable r...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: flagellated sperm motility is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0032729 positive regulation of type II interferon production
NAS
PMID:30104634
The immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome: functions, evoluti...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: positive regulation of type II interferon production is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0032743 positive regulation of interleukin-2 production
NAS
PMID:30104634
The immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome: functions, evoluti...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: positive regulation of interleukin-2 production is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0032760 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
NAS
PMID:30104634
The immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome: functions, evoluti...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0034341 response to type II interferon
NAS
PMID:30104634
The immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome: functions, evoluti...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: response to type II interferon is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0034515 proteasome storage granule
NAS
PMID:31380390
Regulation of Proteasome Activity by (Post-)transcriptional ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome storage granule is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:34702852
The 20S as a stand-alone proteasome in cells can degrade the...
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process captures the proteasome-mediated protein catabolism process supported for this subunit as part of the proteasome.
Reason: The gene product is a core 20S proteasome subunit, so proteasomal protein catabolism is an appropriate core biological-process context.
GO:0043374 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
NAS
PMID:33019542
Adaptation of Proteasomes and Lysosomes to Cellular Environm...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0045061 thymic T cell selection
NAS
PMID:30650357
Restricted Expression of the Thymoproteasome Is Required for...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: thymic T cell selection is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0045063 T-helper 1 cell differentiation
NAS
PMID:30104634
The immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome: functions, evoluti...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: T-helper 1 cell differentiation is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0045590 negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
NAS
PMID:30104634
The immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome: functions, evoluti...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0051321 meiotic cell cycle
NAS
PMID:23706739
Acetylation-mediated proteasomal degradation of core histone...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: meiotic cell cycle is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0061136 regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
IDA
PMID:35714770
Proteasome activator 28Ξ³ (PA28Ξ³) allosterically activates tr...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0061136 regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
NAS
PMID:35714770
Proteasome activator 28Ξ³ (PA28Ξ³) allosterically activates tr...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0071357 cellular response to type I interferon
NAS
PMID:31380390
Regulation of Proteasome Activity by (Post-)transcriptional ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: cellular response to type I interferon is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0072539 T-helper 17 cell differentiation
NAS
PMID:30104634
The immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome: functions, evoluti...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: T-helper 17 cell differentiation is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0160165 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell homeostasis
NAS
PMID:33815406
The Role of Proteasomes in the Thymus.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell homeostasis is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:1990111 spermatoproteasome complex
NAS
PMID:35377789
Proteasome complexes experience profound structural and func...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: spermatoproteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:2000045 regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
NAS
PMID:32935661
Role of oncogenic REGΞ³ in cancer.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle is a pathway- or physiology-level consequence of proteasome activity rather than a specific function of PSMA1.
Reason: These annotations are largely projected from whole proteasome complexes or specialized proteasome variants; they should not be interpreted as individual subunit core functions.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nucleoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0016604 nuclear body
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nuclear body is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005634 nucleus
EXP
PMID:12181345
Clastosome: a subtype of nuclear body enriched in 19S and 20...
ACCEPT
Summary: nucleus is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/PSMA1/PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md
Proteasomes exist in both the **cytoplasm and nucleus**.
file:human/PSMA1/PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md
Under PSMD1 knockdown (reducing intact 26S), the authors observed that β€œβ€˜free’ 20S CPs remained nuclear, whereas the 19S RP accumulated in the cytoplasm,” indicating compartment-specific dynamics of PSMA1-containing cores versus 19S components.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
EXP
PMID:12181345
Clastosome: a subtype of nuclear body enriched in 19S and 20...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: cytoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1168640
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1234159
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1236970
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-1504193
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174105
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174202
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174203
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174255
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-180573
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-180603
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-209061
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-2130282
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-264458
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-353125
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3640874
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-450466
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-4608855
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-4641256
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-4641260
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5362448
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5387392
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5607724
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5607731
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5610754
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5610758
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5610760
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5635868
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5658430
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5665854
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5665871
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5668481
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5668520
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5687112
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5689539
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-68948
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-69016
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-75825
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8850992
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8852354
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8854044
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8854071
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8866553
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8866858
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8932355
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8956140
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8956184
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8957265
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9755303
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9755306
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9766223
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-983150
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9907898
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9907912
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9907919
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9907925
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9907928
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9907940
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9907941
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9908052
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9908069
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9908101
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9908178
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9908709
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9908721
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9912636
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9912655
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9912747
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9912751
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929352
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9929486
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9931314
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9934893
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9954728
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-212917
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-5610751
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-9011324
ACCEPT
Summary: cytosol is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:34711951
AKIRIN2 controls the nuclear import of proteasomes in verteb...
ACCEPT
Summary: nucleus is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:34711951
AKIRIN2 controls the nuclear import of proteasomes in verteb...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: cytoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005839 proteasome core complex
IDA
PMID:34711951
AKIRIN2 controls the nuclear import of proteasomes in verteb...
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasome core complex is the appropriate core-complex membership annotation for PSMA1.
Reason: Structural studies and UniProt summaries place the protein in the 20S proteasome core; this complex-membership annotation is central to the gene product role.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:29804830
ZFAND1 Recruits p97 and the 26S Proteasome to Promote the Cl...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
IDA
PMID:17323924
Mass spectrometric characterization of the affinity-purified...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
HDA
PMID:23533145
In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expres...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: extracellular exosome is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005634 nucleus
HDA
PMID:21630459
Proteomic characterization of the human sperm nucleus.
ACCEPT
Summary: nucleus is a core cellular context for the assembled proteasome containing PSMA1.
Reason: The reviewed core function occurs in cytosolic and nuclear proteasome pools, supported by proteasome localization and nuclear-import evidence.
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
HDA
PMID:19056867
Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exos...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: extracellular exosome is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
HDA
PMID:20458337
MHC class II-associated proteins in B-cell exosomes and pote...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: extracellular exosome is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-174058
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nucleoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-187574
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nucleoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-188191
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nucleoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5635854
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nucleoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-68825
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nucleoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-69600
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nucleoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8939801
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nucleoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-8952408
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nucleoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9762096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nucleoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-9604648
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: nucleoplasm is a supported localization or active-location annotation for proteasomes but not the gene-specific core function.
Reason: Proteasomes operate in cytosolic and nuclear compartments; localization annotations should be retained as context without replacing the core catalytic/structural role.
GO:0005839 proteasome core complex
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasome core complex is the appropriate core-complex membership annotation for PSMA1.
Reason: Structural studies and UniProt summaries place the protein in the 20S proteasome core; this complex-membership annotation is central to the gene product role.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17292860
Conserved signal peptide of Notch3 inhibits interaction with...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence may show physical association, but generic protein binding is too low-information for the reviewed function of this proteasome subunit.
Reason: For proteasome subunits, the informative annotations are catalytic activity, structural constituent activity, complex membership, and proteasomal protein catabolism; generic protein binding should not be treated as a core function.
GO:0019773 proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex is the appropriate core-complex membership annotation for PSMA1.
Reason: Structural studies and UniProt summaries place the protein in the 20S proteasome core; this complex-membership annotation is central to the gene product role.
GO:0000502 proteasome complex
TAS
PMID:8811196
Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: proteasome complex is true complex membership but broader or more context-specific than the core 20S subunit identity.
Reason: The core review should emphasize the specific 20S core subcomplex membership; broader proteasome or spermatoproteasome membership can be retained as non-core context.

Core Functions

PSMA1 is a structural alpha-ring subunit of the 20S proteasome core. It does not provide the catalytic threonine nucleophile; instead, it helps form the alpha-ring architecture and gated entry/regulator-binding surface that allows the assembled proteasome to carry out protein catabolism.

Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:23495936
    barrel-shaped proteolytic 20S core particle (CP) of 28 subunits
  • PMID:23495936
    the outer rings consist of seven different Ξ± subunits
  • PMID:23495936
    The Ξ²1, Ξ²2, and Ξ²5 subunits contain the proteolytic active sites
  • file:human/PSMA1/PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md
    A 2023 cell-biological study reiterates that **PSMA1–PSMA7 N-terminal regions form the gate controlling access to the proteolytic chamber**, situating PSMA1’s primary molecular function as **structural regulation of substrate access** rather than catalysis.
  • file:human/PSMA1/PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md
    PSMA1 contributes to forming these Ξ±-ring interfaces and pockets that receive regulatory tails.

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Should non-catalytic proteasome alpha subunits use contributes_to for complex-level protease activity, or should GO curation prefer structural constituent of proteasome plus part_of complex annotations?

Suggested experts: Tomko RJ Jr, Hochstrasser M

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Use purified proteasome complexes or separation-of-function PSMA1 mutants at alpha-ring/regulator interfaces, then measure assembly, gate opening, substrate entry, and beta-subunit peptidase activity separately.

Hypothesis: PSMA1 contributes structurally to alpha-ring gating/regulator docking but does not directly catalyze peptide bond hydrolysis.

Type: structure-guided mutagenesis with proteasome activity and assembly assays

Deep Research

Falcon

(PSMA1-deep-research-falcon.md)

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πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(PSMA1-notes.md)

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πŸ“„ View Raw YAML

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