RAD51D (RAD51L3, TRAD) is one of the five human RAD51 paralogs, RecA/RAD51-family proteins that act as accessory factors to the RAD51 recombinase in homologous recombination. RAD51D binds XRCC2 directly to form the DX2 subcomplex. DX2 is part of the heterotetrameric BCDX2 complex (RAD51B-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2) and can also join RAD51C-XRCC3 to form the X3CDX2 complex. In BCDX2, RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 forms a RAD51-filament-like arrangement, and the complex stimulates nucleation and extension of RAD51 filaments on RPA-coated single-stranded DNA, downstream of BRCA2 and upstream of RAD51 loading. X3CDX2 caps the 5' ends of RAD51 filaments and promotes homologous pairing. RAD51D binds ssDNA through its N-terminal domain and binds ATP through its Walker A motif. Unlike RAD51B and RAD51C it lacks the catalytic glutamate and is not an active ATPase within these complexes; it may instead regulate the ATPase of its partners. RAD51D is needed for homologous recombination repair of double-strand breaks and interstrand crosslinks, for slowing and reversing replication forks under stress, and for telomere maintenance, where it localises to telomeres and prevents telomere erosion and end-to-end fusions. The XRCC2-RAD51D subcomplex interacts with BLM and stimulates BLM-mediated disruption of Holliday junction-like structures in vitro. Rad51d loss is embryonic lethal in mice and causes chromosome instability. Germline loss-of-function variants in RAD51D predispose to ovarian cancer and confer PARP-inhibitor sensitivity.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000400 four-way junction DNA binding | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Contributes to four-way junction DNA binding as part of BCDX2 (IBA). Reason: Purified BCDX2 binds Holliday junctions and forks with high specificity. contributes_to correctly records that this is a complex-level activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:20207730 both complexes bind with exceptionally high specificity to the DNA junctions |
| GO:0000400 four-way junction DNA binding | IDA PMID:20207730 Ring-shaped Rad51 paralog protein complexes bind Holliday ju... | ACCEPT | Summary: Contributes to four-way junction DNA binding as part of BCDX2 (IDA). Reason: Purified BCDX2 binds Holliday junctions and forks with high specificity. contributes_to correctly records that this is a complex-level activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:20207730 both complexes bind with exceptionally high specificity to the DNA junctions |
| GO:0000722 telomere maintenance via recombination | IMP PMID:15109494 Telomere maintenance requires the RAD51D recombination/repai... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Telomere maintenance via recombination (IMP). Reason: In telomerase-negative human cells, which maintain telomeres by recombination, RAD51D knockdown caused telomere erosion and fusions. This supports a recombination-based telomere role. Kept as non-core. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15109494 RAD51D was shown to localize to the telomeres of both meiotic and somatic cells PMID:15109494 Inhibition of RAD51D synthesis in telomerase-negative immortalized human cells by siRNA also resulted in telomere erosion and chromosome fusion |
| GO:0000723 telomere maintenance | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Telomere maintenance (IBA). Reason: RAD51D localises to telomeres, and its loss causes telomere shortening and end-to-end fusions in mouse and human cells. This is a genuine but secondary role of the HR machinery, not the defining function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15109494 RAD51D was shown to localize to the telomeres of both meiotic and somatic cells PMID:15109494 Inhibition of RAD51D synthesis in telomerase-negative immortalized human cells by siRNA also resulted in telomere erosion and chromosome fusion |
| GO:0000723 telomere maintenance | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Telomere maintenance (IEA). Reason: RAD51D localises to telomeres, and its loss causes telomere shortening and end-to-end fusions in mouse and human cells. This is a genuine but secondary role of the HR machinery, not the defining function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15109494 RAD51D was shown to localize to the telomeres of both meiotic and somatic cells PMID:15109494 Inhibition of RAD51D synthesis in telomerase-negative immortalized human cells by siRNA also resulted in telomere erosion and chromosome fusion |
| GO:0000723 telomere maintenance | IMP PMID:15109494 Telomere maintenance requires the RAD51D recombination/repai... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Telomere maintenance (IMP). Reason: RAD51D localises to telomeres, and its loss causes telomere shortening and end-to-end fusions in mouse and human cells. This is a genuine but secondary role of the HR machinery, not the defining function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15109494 RAD51D was shown to localize to the telomeres of both meiotic and somatic cells PMID:15109494 Inhibition of RAD51D synthesis in telomerase-negative immortalized human cells by siRNA also resulted in telomere erosion and chromosome fusion |
| GO:0000724 double-strand break repair via homologous recombination | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: RAD51D functions in DSB repair via homologous recombination (IBA). Reason: Central role. BCDX2 acts between BRCA2 and RAD51 recruitment, and the RAD51D-XRCC2 interaction is required for HR. Pathogenic RAD51D variants in the DNA-binding and ATP-binding core abolish HR. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23149936 the BCDX2 complex acts downstream of BRCA2 recruitment but upstream of Rad51 recruitment PMID:30836272 the interaction of RAD51D with XRCC2 is required for DSB repair PMID:41542474 variants in the DNA-binding or ATPase core most severely compromise HR |
| GO:0000724 double-strand break repair via homologous recombination | IMP PMID:23149936 Rad51 paralog complexes BCDX2 and CX3 act at different stage... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAD51D functions in DSB repair via homologous recombination (IMP). Reason: Central role. BCDX2 acts between BRCA2 and RAD51 recruitment, and the RAD51D-XRCC2 interaction is required for HR. Pathogenic RAD51D variants in the DNA-binding and ATP-binding core abolish HR. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23149936 the BCDX2 complex acts downstream of BRCA2 recruitment but upstream of Rad51 recruitment PMID:30836272 the interaction of RAD51D with XRCC2 is required for DSB repair PMID:41542474 variants in the DNA-binding or ATPase core most severely compromise HR |
| GO:0000781 chromosome, telomeric region | IDA PMID:15109494 Telomere maintenance requires the RAD51D recombination/repai... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Chromosome, telomeric region (IDA). Reason: Telomeric localisation of RAD51D is shown directly by immunofluorescence, EM and ChIP. It is a real but secondary location relative to the core HR function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15109494 RAD51D was shown to localize to the telomeres of both meiotic and somatic cells |
| GO:0000781 chromosome, telomeric region | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Chromosome, telomeric region (IEA). Reason: Telomeric localisation of RAD51D is shown directly by immunofluorescence, EM and ChIP. It is a real but secondary location relative to the core HR function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15109494 RAD51D was shown to localize to the telomeres of both meiotic and somatic cells |
| GO:0003677 DNA binding | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: DNA binding (IEA). Reason: Accurate general term; the more specific ssDNA and four-way-junction binding terms are annotated separately. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10871607 the purified RAD51L3 protein possesses single-stranded DNA binding activity and DNA-stimulated ATPase activity |
| GO:0003677 DNA binding | TAS PMID:9570954 Identification, characterization, and genetic mapping of Rad... | ACCEPT | Summary: DNA binding (TAS). Reason: Accurate general term; the more specific ssDNA and four-way-junction binding terms are annotated separately. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10871607 the purified RAD51L3 protein possesses single-stranded DNA binding activity and DNA-stimulated ATPase activity |
| GO:0003697 single-stranded DNA binding | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Single-stranded DNA binding (IBA). Reason: Purified RAD51D binds ssDNA (PMID:10871607). Cryo-EM shows that the RAD51D N-terminal domain contributes to ssDNA-binding specificity of BCDX2 (PMID:37344589). Supporting Evidence: PMID:10871607 the purified RAD51L3 protein possesses single-stranded DNA binding activity and DNA-stimulated ATPase activity PMID:37344589 The structures reveal how the amino-terminal domains of RAD51B, RAD51C and RAD51D participate in inter-subunit interactions that underpin complex formation and ssDNA-binding specificity |
| GO:0003697 single-stranded DNA binding | IDA PMID:10871607 The RAD51 family member, RAD51L3, is a DNA-stimulated ATPase... | ACCEPT | Summary: Single-stranded DNA binding (IDA). Reason: Purified RAD51D binds ssDNA (PMID:10871607). Cryo-EM shows that the RAD51D N-terminal domain contributes to ssDNA-binding specificity of BCDX2 (PMID:37344589). Supporting Evidence: PMID:10871607 the purified RAD51L3 protein possesses single-stranded DNA binding activity and DNA-stimulated ATPase activity PMID:37344589 The structures reveal how the amino-terminal domains of RAD51B, RAD51C and RAD51D participate in inter-subunit interactions that underpin complex formation and ssDNA-binding specificity |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:10749867 Evidence for simultaneous protein interactions between human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:10749867), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:10871607 The RAD51 family member, RAD51L3, is a DNA-stimulated ATPase... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:10871607), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:11751635 Identification and purification of two distinct complexes co... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and RAD51B (PMID:11751635), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:11751635 Identification and purification of two distinct complexes co... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and RAD51C (PMID:11751635), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:11751635 Identification and purification of two distinct complexes co... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:11751635), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:11842113 Involvement of Rad51C in two distinct protein complexes of R... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and RAD51B (PMID:11842113), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:11842113 Involvement of Rad51C in two distinct protein complexes of R... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and RAD51C (PMID:11842113), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:11842113 Involvement of Rad51C in two distinct protein complexes of R... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:11842113), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:12975363 Functional interaction between the Bloom's syndrome helicase... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:12975363), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:12975363 Functional interaction between the Bloom's syndrome helicase... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and BLM (PMID:12975363), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative. The RAD51D-BLM interaction is functionally relevant: XRCC2-RAD51D stimulates BLM disruption of 4-way junctions through it (PMID:12975363). GO has no specific molecular function that captures this, and the stimulation is a property of the XRCC2-RAD51D subcomplex, so it is recorded as a suggested question rather than as a replacement term. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:16710300 Sws1 is a conserved regulator of homologous recombination in... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:16710300), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:21516116 Next-generation sequencing to generate interactome datasets. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q13422 (PMID:21516116), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:21516116 Next-generation sequencing to generate interactome datasets. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9Y2J4 (PMID:21516116), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:21965664 hSWS1·SWSAP1 is an evolutionarily conserved complex required... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and SWSAP1 (PMID:21965664), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative. The interaction links the RAD51 paralogs to the SWS1-SWSAP1 (Shu) complex in HR, but no more informative molecular function can be inferred from binding data alone. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:24141787 Breast cancer-associated missense mutants of the PALB2 WD40 ... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and RAD51C (PMID:24141787), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:25416956), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and P19012 (PMID:25416956), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q13422 (PMID:25416956), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q6P1W5 (PMID:25416956), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q8IYX8-2 (PMID:25416956), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q8TBB1 (PMID:25416956), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9BRK4 (PMID:25416956), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9BVG8 (PMID:25416956), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9GZV8 (PMID:25416956), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9UKT9 (PMID:25416956), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9Y2J4-4 (PMID:25416956), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and F5H3M2 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and P19012 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q13422-7 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q5JST6 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q6P1W5 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q6P2R3 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q8IYA8 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q8N5R6 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q8TBB1 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9BRK4 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9UKT9 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25910212 Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9Y2J4 (PMID:25910212), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:28864920 Discovery of mutations in homologous recombination genes in ... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:28864920), from a targeted interaction study. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:31515488 Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:31515488), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:31515488 Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and P19012 (PMID:31515488), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:31515488 Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q13422 (PMID:31515488), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:31515488 Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9BVG8 (PMID:31515488), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:31515488 Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9UKT9 (PMID:31515488), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:31515488 Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9Y2J4 (PMID:31515488), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and B2RXF5 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and O60504 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and O75031 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and O75558 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and P15884-3 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and P48059-3 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and P57678 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q04864-2 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q08117-2 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q14142 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q53FD0-2 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q5RL73 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q5W5X9-3 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and MEOX2 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q6NX45 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q6P1L6 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q8IYA8 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q8ND90 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q8NI38 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q8WUT1 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q96N21 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9BRK4 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9BVG8-5 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9H079 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9H0A9-2 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9NQX0 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9NRD5 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9UK58 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9UKT9 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9UPT6 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9Y2B5 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and Q9Y2J4 (PMID:32296183), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. The partner has no established role in recombination, and no specific function can be inferred from a binary interaction alone. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:33961781 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and RAD51B (PMID:33961781), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:33961781 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and RAD51C (PMID:33961781), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:33961781 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:33961781), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:34591612 A protein interaction landscape of breast cancer. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and RAD51B (PMID:34591612), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:34591612 A protein interaction landscape of breast cancer. | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:34591612), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:40205054 Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and func... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and RAD51B (PMID:40205054), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:40205054 Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and func... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and RAD51C (PMID:40205054), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:40205054 Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and func... | REMOVE | Summary: IPI protein binding between RAD51D and XRCC2 (PMID:40205054), from a high-throughput interactome screen. Reason: GO:0005515 protein binding is uninformative as a molecular function. This interaction with another RAD51 paralog reflects RAD51D's membership of the BCDX2 complex, which is already captured by GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex and by the core functions. Removing the row does not mean the interaction is false. |
| GO:0005524 ATP binding | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: ATP binding (IEA, InterPro). Reason: RAD51D binds ATP through Walker A K113/T114 and Walker B D206, as seen in cryo-EM structures, even though it does not hydrolyse it. Supporting Evidence: PMID:37344587 observed that RAD51D and XRCC2 bound ATP whereas RAD51C bound ADP |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleus (IEA). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005634 nucleus | TAS PMID:9570954 Identification, characterization, and genetic mapping of Rad... | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleus (TAS). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5685318 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5685318). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5685341 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5685341). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5685838 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5685838). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5686410 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5686410). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5686440 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5686440). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5686469 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5686469). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5686483 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5686483). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5693539 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5693539). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5693584 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5693584). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5693589 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5693589). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5693593 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5693593). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5693620 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-5693620). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-9701199 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-9701199). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-9704330 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-9704330). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-9704408 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-9704408). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-9709601 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-9709601). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005654 nucleoplasm | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-9853389 | ACCEPT | Summary: Nucleoplasm (TAS, Reactome:R-HSA-9853389). Reason: Consistent with RAD51D's nuclear role in homologous recombination. |
| GO:0005657 replication fork | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Located at replication forks (IBA). Reason: BCDX2 binds fork DNA with high specificity, and RAD51D is required for fork slowing and reversal under replication stress. Supporting Evidence: PMID:20207730 both complexes bind with exceptionally high specificity to the DNA junctions PMID:32669601 RAD51C and RAD51D downregulation by two independent siRNA sequences drastically impaired active fork slowing |
| GO:0005657 replication fork | IDA PMID:20207730 Ring-shaped Rad51 paralog protein complexes bind Holliday ju... | ACCEPT | Summary: Located at replication forks (IDA). Reason: BCDX2 binds fork DNA with high specificity, and RAD51D is required for fork slowing and reversal under replication stress. Supporting Evidence: PMID:20207730 both complexes bind with exceptionally high specificity to the DNA junctions PMID:32669601 RAD51C and RAD51D downregulation by two independent siRNA sequences drastically impaired active fork slowing |
| GO:0005657 replication fork | NAS PMID:32669601 Sequential role of RAD51 paralog complexes in replication fo... | ACCEPT | Summary: Located at replication forks (NAS). Reason: BCDX2 binds fork DNA with high specificity, and RAD51D is required for fork slowing and reversal under replication stress. Supporting Evidence: PMID:20207730 both complexes bind with exceptionally high specificity to the DNA junctions PMID:32669601 RAD51C and RAD51D downregulation by two independent siRNA sequences drastically impaired active fork slowing |
| GO:0005813 centrosome | IDA PMID:21276791 Homologous recombination proteins are associated with centro... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Centrosome (IDA). Reason: HR proteins, including RAD51 paralogs, co-localise with centrosomes. This is peripheral to the nuclear HR function and kept as non-core, consistent with the XRCC2 review. Supporting Evidence: PMID:21276791 XRCC2 and other HR proteins, including the key recombinase RAD51, co-localize with the centrosome |
| GO:0005813 centrosome | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Centrosome (IEA). Reason: HR proteins, including RAD51 paralogs, co-localise with centrosomes. This is peripheral to the nuclear HR function and kept as non-core, consistent with the XRCC2 review. Supporting Evidence: PMID:21276791 XRCC2 and other HR proteins, including the key recombinase RAD51, co-localize with the centrosome |
| GO:0005815 microtubule organizing center | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Active in microtubule organizing center (IBA). Reason: Based on the centrosome co-localisation of HR proteins (PMID:21276791). The functional significance is unclear and probably secondary to genome maintenance, so it is kept as non-core. Supporting Evidence: PMID:21276791 XRCC2 and other HR proteins, including the key recombinase RAD51, co-localize with the centrosome |
| GO:0006281 DNA repair | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: DNA repair (IEA). Reason: Correct general parent of the specific HR term. |
| GO:0006281 DNA repair | TAS PMID:9570954 Identification, characterization, and genetic mapping of Rad... | ACCEPT | Summary: DNA repair (TAS). Reason: Correct general parent of the specific HR term. |
| GO:0006302 double-strand break repair | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Double-strand break repair (IEA, ARBA). Reason: Correct parent of GO:0000724. |
| GO:0007131 reciprocal meiotic recombination | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Reciprocal meiotic recombination (IBA). Reason: The IBA reflects a conserved meiotic role of RAD51 paralogs (C. elegans RFS-1 is a donor). RAD51D localises to meiotic telomeres, but Rad51d knockout mice die as embryos, so there is no direct mammalian meiotic phenotype. Retained as a plausible, non-core conserved role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15109494 RAD51D was shown to localize to the telomeres of both meiotic and somatic cells |
| GO:0007131 reciprocal meiotic recombination | TAS PMID:9570954 Identification, characterization, and genetic mapping of Rad... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Reciprocal meiotic recombination (TAS, gene discovery paper). Reason: The discovery paper speculates about a meiotic role from homology and testis expression. Because an IBA independently supports a conserved meiotic role, this is kept as non-core rather than flagged, but the TAS itself provides no experimental support. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9570954 it is likely that Rad51d is part of a complex of proteins required for DNA repair and meiotic recombination |
| GO:0008094 ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA (IBA; PANTHER node seeded by human RAD51D itself). Reason: The IBA rests on the older report that isolated RAD51D is a DNA-stimulated ATPase. Two later cryo-EM studies of BCDX2 and X3CDX2 give target-specific evidence of divergence: RAD51D binds ATP but lacks the catalytic glutamate conserved in RAD51, RAD51B and RAD51C, so it is catalytically inactive in both complexes. A deep mutational scan suggests that RAD51D restrains, rather than provides, BCDX2 ATPase activity. ATP-driven catalysis is the property of RAD51B and RAD51C in this complex. RAD51D's ATP binding is captured by GO:0005524. Propagation Review Root cause: SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED Failure modes: PSEUDO OR SUBACTIVITY LOSS Sources checked: PANTHER:PTN000534427 SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED Ancestral node carrying the ATPase IBD. Its only listed experimental descendant evidence is human RAD51D itself (an isolated-protein ATPase assay, PMID:10871607); later structures show the RAD51D site is non-catalytic. UniProtKB:O75771 SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED Target's own IDA (PMID:10871607) is contradicted by cryo-EM evidence that RAD51D lacks the catalytic glutamate (PMID:37344587, PMID:41196948). Supporting Evidence: PMID:37344587 These glutamates are not conserved in RAD51D or XRCC2 explaining their inability to promote ATP hydrolysis while retaining nucleotide binding PMID:41196948 RAD51D and XRCC2 were both bound to ATP, as observed in the RAD51B complex, but neither is catalytically active due to the absence of an otherwise conserved catalytic glutamate residue PMID:41542474 the primary function of RAD51D is to slow the ATPase activity of BCDX2 |
| GO:0008094 ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA | IDA PMID:10871607 The RAD51 family member, RAD51L3, is a DNA-stimulated ATPase... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA (IDA): purified RAD51D reported as a DNA-stimulated ATPase. Reason: The original report (abstract only in cache) measured DNA-stimulated ATPase activity in purified RAD51D, which is experimental evidence. Later structural work shows RAD51D lacks the catalytic glutamate and is ATP-bound but catalytically inactive in BCDX2 and X3CDX2. The genetic data on the Walker A lysine conflict: human RAD51D K113 mutants complemented MMC sensitivity of hamster rad51d CHO cells efficiently (PMID:16717288), whereas mouse Rad51d K113R/K113A mutants lost most ICL-repair capacity in MEFs (PMID:16236763), which may reflect nucleotide binding (needed for RAD51C association) rather than hydrolysis. Neither study measures RAD51D catalysis directly. The activity measured in isolation may reflect low intrinsic or contaminating activity; the original data are not removed as wrong, but assigning a catalytic ATP-driven activity to RAD51D overstates its role, since within its physiological complexes ATP hydrolysis is carried out by RAD51B and RAD51C. Marked as over-annotated (consistent with the IBA row) and not used in the core functions. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10871607 the purified RAD51L3 protein possesses single-stranded DNA binding activity and DNA-stimulated ATPase activity PMID:37344587 These glutamates are not conserved in RAD51D or XRCC2 explaining their inability to promote ATP hydrolysis while retaining nucleotide binding PMID:41196948 RAD51D and XRCC2 were both bound to ATP, as observed in the RAD51B complex, but neither is catalytically active due to the absence of an otherwise conserved catalytic glutamate residue |
| GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: RAD51D is a subunit of the BCDX2 complex (IBA). Reason: Core, well-established membership, shown by co-purification and cryo-EM. RAD51D bridges RAD51C and XRCC2 within the tetramer. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11751635 one contains RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2 (defined as BCDX2) PMID:10871607 the interaction between RAD51L3 and XRCC2 is direct PMID:37344587 RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 mimics three RAD51 protomers aligned within a nucleoprotein filament, whereas RAD51B is highly dynamic |
| GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex | IDA PMID:11751635 Identification and purification of two distinct complexes co... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAD51D is a subunit of the BCDX2 complex (IDA). Reason: Core, well-established membership, shown by co-purification and cryo-EM. RAD51D bridges RAD51C and XRCC2 within the tetramer. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11751635 one contains RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2 (defined as BCDX2) PMID:10871607 the interaction between RAD51L3 and XRCC2 is direct PMID:37344587 RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 mimics three RAD51 protomers aligned within a nucleoprotein filament, whereas RAD51B is highly dynamic |
| GO:0033063 Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex | IPI PMID:11751635 Identification and purification of two distinct complexes co... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAD51D is a subunit of the BCDX2 complex (IPI). Reason: Core, well-established membership, shown by co-purification and cryo-EM. RAD51D bridges RAD51C and XRCC2 within the tetramer. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11751635 one contains RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2 (defined as BCDX2) PMID:10871607 the interaction between RAD51L3 and XRCC2 is direct PMID:37344587 RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 mimics three RAD51 protomers aligned within a nucleoprotein filament, whereas RAD51B is highly dynamic |
| GO:0042148 DNA strand invasion | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: DNA strand invasion (IBA). Reason: Purified XRCC2-RAD51D catalyses homologous pairing between ssDNA and dsDNA. In cells, RAD51D is part of X3CDX2, which caps RAD51 filaments and promotes homologous pairing and strand exchange. RAD51D therefore contributes to the strand-invasion step, although RAD51 is the main recombinase. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11834724 complex catalyzed homologous pairing between single-stranded and double-stranded DNA PMID:41196948 the XRCC3 complex stably caps the 5' termini of RAD51 filaments to promote homologous pairing PMID:42020761 enhances RAD51-ssDNA filament assembly, and promotes strand exchange on RPA-coated ssDNA |
| GO:0042148 DNA strand invasion | IDA PMID:11834724 Homologous pairing and ring and filament structure formation... | ACCEPT | Summary: DNA strand invasion (IDA). Reason: Purified XRCC2-RAD51D catalyses homologous pairing between ssDNA and dsDNA. In cells, RAD51D is part of X3CDX2, which caps RAD51 filaments and promotes homologous pairing and strand exchange. RAD51D therefore contributes to the strand-invasion step, although RAD51 is the main recombinase. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11834724 complex catalyzed homologous pairing between single-stranded and double-stranded DNA PMID:41196948 the XRCC3 complex stably caps the 5' termini of RAD51 filaments to promote homologous pairing PMID:42020761 enhances RAD51-ssDNA filament assembly, and promotes strand exchange on RPA-coated ssDNA |
| GO:0043015 gamma-tubulin binding | IDA PMID:21276791 Homologous recombination proteins are associated with centro... | UNDECIDED | Summary: Gamma-tubulin binding (IDA). Reason: The cached abstract reports centrosome co-localisation of XRCC2 and other HR proteins but describes no direct RAD51D-gamma-tubulin binding experiment. The curator presumably used full-text data (for example co-immunoprecipitation) that cannot be checked here. Left undecided rather than removed. Supporting Evidence: PMID:21276791 XRCC2 and other HR proteins, including the key recombinase RAD51, co-localize with the centrosome |
| GO:0097435 supramolecular fiber organization | IDA PMID:37344587 Structure and function of the RAD51B-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 tum... | MODIFY | Summary: Supramolecular fiber organization (IDA): BCDX2 promotes RAD51 filament nucleation and extension. Reason: BCDX2 increases the number and length of RAD51 nucleoprotein filaments. GO:0000730 DNA recombinase assembly describes this precisely, whereas supramolecular fiber organization is a generic parent. The same replacement is made in the RAD51C, RAD51B and XRCC2 reviews. Proposed replacements: DNA recombinase assembly Supporting Evidence: PMID:37344587 we found that BCDX2 increases both the quantity (nucleation) and length (growth) of RAD51 filaments |
| GO:0140664 ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity (IEA, InterPro RecA/RAD51 domain). Reason: This is an over-propagation of a RecA/RAD51-family ATPase or damage-sensor function. RAD51D is not an active ATPase in its complexes and has no documented damage-recognition or signalling activity; its role is as a mediator subunit that promotes RAD51 filament assembly and capping. The same call is made in the RAD51C and XRCC2 reviews. Supporting Evidence: PMID:37344587 These glutamates are not conserved in RAD51D or XRCC2 explaining their inability to promote ATP hydrolysis while retaining nucleotide binding PMID:41196948 RAD51D and XRCC2 were both bound to ATP, as observed in the RAD51B complex, but neither is catalytically active due to the absence of an otherwise conserved catalytic glutamate residue |
| GO:0140664 ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity | IMP PMID:16717288 Disparate requirements for the Walker A and B ATPase motifs ... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: ATP-dependent DNA damage sensor activity (IMP): Walker A/B mutants of human RAD51D tested for complementation of rad51d CHO cells. Reason: The paper (full text) shows that the Walker B motif, but not the Walker A ATP-binding lysine, is needed for RAD51D's interactions with XRCC2 and RAD51C and for mitomycin C resistance. It does not test damage recognition or a signalling response, and the dispensability of motif A argues against an ATP-driven sensor activity. The authors propose bipartite ATPase sites formed with partner paralogs, which later structures confirmed, with RAD51D itself non-catalytic. The data support RAD51D's role in HR (captured by GO:0000724 and the NEW ICL-repair row) but not this molecular function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:16717288 a functional Walker B motif, but not A motif, is necessary for RAD51D's interactions with other paralogs and for efficient HRR PMID:16717288 We present a model in which ATPase sites are formed in a bipartite manner between RAD51D and other RAD51 paralogs |
| GO:0031297 replication fork processing | IMP PMID:32669601 Sequential role of RAD51 paralog complexes in replication fo... | NEW | Summary: RAD51D is required for active slowing and reversal of stressed replication forks (siRNA and knockout in U2OS cells). Reason: Fork remodelling is a distinct, well-documented role of BCDX2 that is not captured by any existing RAD51D annotation. RAD51D is one of the paralogs tested most directly. The trigger review also assigns DX2 to stabilising FBH1-remodelled forks and to ATR-dependent control of fork progression. Purified BCDX2 has no fork-reversal activity itself, so the broader GO:0031297 is used rather than GO:0071932 replication fork reversal. BCDX2 participates by building and stabilising the RAD51 filament that remodels and protects the fork. Comparator: RAD51C carries GO:0031297 by IDA. Supporting Evidence: PMID:32669601 RAD51C and RAD51D downregulation by two independent siRNA sequences drastically impaired active fork slowing PMID:32669601 we indeed confirmed that downregulation of RAD51C and RAD51D, but not of XRCC3, markedly impairs CPT-induced replication fork reversal PMID:37843130 BCDX2 significantly synergizes with RAD51 to protect DNA against attack by the nucleases MRE11 and EXO1 |
| GO:0036297 interstrand cross-link repair | IMP PMID:16717288 Disparate requirements for the Walker A and B ATPase motifs ... | NEW | Summary: Human RAD51D complements the mitomycin C (interstrand crosslink) hypersensitivity of rad51d-knockout CHO cells, and Walker B mutants do not. Reason: Repair of interstrand crosslinks by homologous recombination is a well-evidenced RAD51D function, shown by complementation in hamster and mouse rad51d-deficient cells. The two complementation studies disagree on whether the Walker A lysine is required (dispensable in hamster CHO cells, PMID:16717288; required in mouse MEFs, PMID:16236763; the conflict is recorded on the PMID:16236763 reference), but both show that RAD51D itself is needed for ICL repair, which is all this term asserts. Within the ICL pathway, RAD51D performs the RAD51-loading step of the HR stage, so it participates in the process. The same NEW term is added in the sibling RAD51C and XRCC2 reviews. Supporting Evidence: PMID:16717288 Although A-motif mutants complement very efficiently, B-motif mutants do not PMID:16236763 The K113R and K113A mutants demonstrated a respective 96 and 83% decrease in repair capacity relative to wild-type |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Q: GO has a cellular component term for BCDX2 (GO:0033063) and for CX3 (GO:0033065), but none for the XRCC3-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 (X3CDX2) complex now shown structurally and biochemically to cap RAD51 filaments. Should a new complex term be created so that RAD51D's membership in both tetramers can be recorded?
Q: Does RAD51D's non-catalytic ATP binding regulate ATP hydrolysis by RAD51C across the RAD51C-RAD51D interface, as the deep mutational scan proposes? Can the earlier report of intrinsic DNA-stimulated ATPase activity in isolated RAD51D be reconciled with the structural data?
Q: Is the telomere-protection role of RAD51D a specialised function at t-loops or telomere replication forks, or a general consequence of HR deficiency at hard-to-replicate regions?
Q: Does the RAD51D-BLM interaction, which lets XRCC2-RAD51D stimulate BLM-mediated junction disruption in vitro, operate in cells during late HR or fork restart? Would it warrant a specific molecular-function annotation such as an activator of helicase activity?
Experiment: Measure ATP turnover by reconstituted BCDX2 and X3CDX2 carrying RAD51D variants at the RAD51C interface or Walker motifs, together with RAD51 filament assembly and capping in single-molecule assays.
Hypothesis: RAD51D variants that accelerate the complex ATPase impair RAD51 filament assembly, consistent with RAD51D acting as a brake on RAD51C-driven ATP hydrolysis.
Type: biochemical reconstitution
Experiment: Separation-of-function RAD51D mutants that block X3CDX2 formation but preserve BCDX2 (or the reverse), tested for DR-GFP HR, fork reversal, fork restart and telomere stability in RAD51D-knockout cells.
Hypothesis: BCDX2 and X3CDX2 contribute separable RAD51D functions: early filament assembly and fork reversal versus filament capping and fork restart.
Type: genetic complementation
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