id: Q9UBX3
gene_symbol: SLC25A10
product_type: PROTEIN
status: INITIALIZED
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:9606
  label: Homo sapiens
description: >-
  SLC25A10 (DIC) is the mitochondrial dicarboxylate carrier, a member of the
  SLC25 mitochondrial carrier family. It is a multi-pass integral protein of the
  mitochondrial inner membrane that catalyzes the electroneutral antiport
  (exchange) of dicarboxylates (malate, succinate, malonate) and inorganic
  sulfur-containing anions (sulfate, thiosulfate) against inorganic phosphate
  across the inner membrane. Transport proceeds by a ping-pong mechanism in which
  one substrate is translocated and released before the counter-substrate binds,
  and the protein functions as a monomer. By exporting mitochondrial malate to
  the cytosol in exchange for phosphate, DIC supplies carbon skeletons and
  reducing equivalents for gluconeogenesis, fatty-acid synthesis, urea synthesis
  and sulfur metabolism, and is expressed most highly in liver and kidney. It
  does not transport glutathione. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in
  SLC25A10 cause an autosomal-recessive mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
  (MTDPS19) with epileptic encephalopathy and respiratory complex I deficiency.
alternative_products:
- name: '1'
  id: Q9UBX3-1
- name: '2'
  id: Q9UBX3-2
  sequence_note: VSP_003267
existing_annotations:
- term:
    id: GO:0005743
    label: mitochondrial inner membrane
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: is_active_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Correct core localization. DIC is a multi-pass protein of the mitochondrial
      inner membrane, consistent with UniProt subcellular location and with the
      broader SLC25 family.
    action: ACCEPT
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane"
- term:
    id: GO:0015116
    label: sulfate transmembrane transporter activity
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Sulfate is an experimentally supported DIC substrate (sulfate/phosphate and
      thiosulfate/sulfate exchange are documented). This is a genuine but ancillary
      substrate specificity relative to the primary dicarboxylate:phosphate exchange,
      so it is retained as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "inorganic sulfur-containing anions, and phosphate,"
- term:
    id: GO:0015117
    label: thiosulfate transmembrane transporter activity
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Thiosulfate transport (thiosulfate/sulfate antiport) is experimentally
      documented for DIC. Ancillary substrate specificity, retained as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Reaction=thiosulfate(in) + sulfate(out) = thiosulfate(out) +"
- term:
    id: GO:0015141
    label: succinate transmembrane transporter activity
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Succinate is a core characterized substrate of DIC (malate/succinate and
      succinate/phosphate exchange). Correct specific transporter MF for the gene.
    action: ACCEPT
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Reaction=succinate(out) + phosphate(in) = succinate(in) +"
- term:
    id: GO:0015709
    label: thiosulfate transport
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Process counterpart of the thiosulfate transporter activity; genuine but
      ancillary. Retained as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
- term:
    id: GO:1902358
    label: sulfate transmembrane transport
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Process counterpart of sulfate transporter activity; genuine but ancillary
      substrate. Retained as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
- term:
    id: GO:0015140
    label: malate transmembrane transporter activity
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Malate is the principal characterized substrate of DIC; malate:phosphate
      exchange is the physiologically dominant activity. Correct and core specific
      transporter MF.
    action: ACCEPT
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Reaction=(S)-malate(in) + phosphate(out) = (S)-malate(out) +"
- term:
    id: GO:0035435
    label: phosphate ion transmembrane transport
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Phosphate is the counter-ion for dicarboxylate exchange (malate/succinate:phosphate
      antiport), so DIC does participate in phosphate ion transmembrane transport.
      Core to the antiport mechanism.
    action: ACCEPT
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "inorganic sulfur-containing anions, and phosphate,"
- term:
    id: GO:0071422
    label: succinate transmembrane transport
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Process counterpart of succinate transporter activity; succinate is a core
      DIC substrate.
    action: ACCEPT
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Reaction=succinate(out) + phosphate(in) = succinate(in) +"
- term:
    id: GO:0071423
    label: malate transmembrane transport
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Process counterpart of malate transporter activity; malate:phosphate exchange
      is the central physiological function of DIC. Core.
    action: ACCEPT
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Reaction=(S)-malate(in) + phosphate(out) = (S)-malate(out) +"
- term:
    id: GO:0015131
    label: oxaloacetate transmembrane transporter activity
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Oxaloacetate transport is a phylogenetic (IBA) inference and is not among the
      human-characterized catalytic-activity reactions in UniProt (which list malate,
      succinate, malonate, sulfate, thiosulfate and phosphate). Plausible for a
      dicarboxylate carrier but not experimentally established for the human protein;
      retained as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
- term:
    id: GO:0015729
    label: oxaloacetate transport
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Process counterpart of the IBA oxaloacetate transporter activity; not
      experimentally established for human DIC. Retained as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
- term:
    id: GO:0005310
    label: dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Correct at the family level but non-specific. DIC is an antiporter that
      exchanges dicarboxylates for phosphate; a more precise MF
      (dicarboxylate:phosphate antiporter activity, GO:0015364) captures both
      substrate class and mechanism. Retained as a correct generic parent.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "physiologically important metabolites such as dicarboxylates (malonate,"
- term:
    id: GO:0005743
    label: mitochondrial inner membrane
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Correct core localization, mapped from the UniProt subcellular-location
      vocabulary. Consistent with the IBA and Reactome inner-membrane annotations.
    action: ACCEPT
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane"
- term:
    id: GO:0055085
    label: transmembrane transport
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Correct but maximally generic InterPro-derived process term. True of any
      transporter and uninformative about DIC's specific dicarboxylate:phosphate
      antiport role; retained as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
- term:
    id: GO:1902356
    label: oxaloacetate(2-) transmembrane transport
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000108
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Inter-ontology (GO:0015131-derived) inference for oxaloacetate transport;
      like the parent IBA oxaloacetate annotations, not experimentally established
      for human DIC. Retained as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19060904
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      High-throughput binary interactome mapping. Bare 'protein binding' is
      uninformative about DIC's function, and the reported partners are cytosolic or
      nuclear proteins that an inner-membrane transporter would not physiologically
      contact. Over-annotation; not used in core functions.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19447967
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      High-throughput smart-pooling interactome mapping (MDFI, Q99750). Bare
      'protein binding' is uninformative; partner is non-mitochondrial. Likely a
      high-throughput artifact. Over-annotated.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21516116
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      High-throughput next-generation-sequencing interactome dataset. Bare
      'protein binding', non-mitochondrial partner; uninformative for an
      inner-membrane transporter. Over-annotated.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25416956
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Proteome-scale interactome map (multiple partners: keratins/KRTAPs, MDFI,
      NOTCH2NLA). Keratins and keratin-associated proteins are classic sticky Y2H or
      high-throughput false positives; these interactions are non-physiological for
      an inner-membrane carrier and are uninformative. Over-annotated.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:31515488
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Allelic interactome perturbation study (NOTCH2NLA, Q7Z3S9). Bare 'protein
      binding', non-mitochondrial partner; high-throughput, uninformative for DIC's
      function. Over-annotated.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
- term:
    id: GO:0019418
    label: sulfide oxidation
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-1614517
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Derived from Reactome pathway participation (DIC provides the
      dicarboxylate/sulfate antiport step that lets sulfate exit mitochondria in the
      sulfide-oxidation pathway). DIC does not itself perform sulfide oxidation, which
      is a pathway-level process carried out by oxidoreductases; this is an
      over-annotation of the transporter to a downstream pathway.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
- term:
    id: GO:0055085
    label: transmembrane transport
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-9955298
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Correct but maximally generic Reactome-derived process term (SLC-mediated
      transport of organic anions). True of any SLC transporter; uninformative about
      DIC's specific role. Retained as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
- term:
    id: GO:0005739
    label: mitochondrion
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000052
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Direct immunofluorescence localization to mitochondria (HPA), consistent with
      the more precise inner-membrane localization. Correct but less specific than
      GO:0005743; retained as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
- term:
    id: GO:0005739
    label: mitochondrion
  evidence_type: HTP
  original_reference_id: PMID:34800366
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Detected in the high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome, confirming
      mitochondrial localization. Correct but less specific than the inner-membrane
      term; retained as non-core.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
- term:
    id: GO:0005310
    label: dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
  evidence_type: EXP
  original_reference_id: PMID:29211846
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Experimentally supported core molecular function: reconstituted transport
      assays confirmed DIC-mediated dicarboxylate (malate:phosphate) exchange, and
      its absence in patient cells. The term is correct but general; the more precise
      MF is dicarboxylate:phosphate antiporter activity (GO:0015364), which captures
      both substrate class and the antiport mechanism.
    action: MODIFY
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0015364
      label: dicarboxylate:phosphate antiporter activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29211846
      supporting_text: "SLC25A10 (also known as DIC) transports dicarboxylates and phosphate across the inner mitochondrial membrane"
- term:
    id: GO:0005310
    label: dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-1614546
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Reactome-asserted dicarboxylate transporter activity (sulfate exported in
      exchange for dicarboxylate/malate). Correct at the general level; the specific
      MF is the dicarboxylate:phosphate antiporter activity captured in core functions.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: HDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:21630459
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Nuclear localization derives from a human sperm-nucleus proteome dataset. For a
      multi-pass mitochondrial inner-membrane transporter this is almost certainly a
      co-purification or contaminant artifact and contradicts the established
      mitochondrial localization. Over-annotation.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
- term:
    id: GO:0005743
    label: mitochondrial inner membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-1614546
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Reactome-asserted inner-membrane localization, consistent with the core
      localization. Correct.
    action: ACCEPT
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane"
- term:
    id: GO:0005743
    label: mitochondrial inner membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-HSA-372843
  qualifier: located_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Reactome-asserted inner-membrane localization (SLC25A10 mediates exchange of
      malate and phosphate). Consistent with the core localization. Correct.
    action: ACCEPT
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
      supporting_text: "Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane"
- term:
    id: GO:0005310
    label: dicarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:9733776
  qualifier: enables
  review:
    summary: >-
      Author statement (Fiermonte et al.) that the reconstituted dicarboxylate carrier
      transports dicarboxylates, based on functional reconstitution of the rat ortholog.
      Correct core MF but general; the precise MF is dicarboxylate:phosphate antiporter
      activity (GO:0015364).
    action: MODIFY
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0015364
      label: dicarboxylate:phosphate antiporter activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:9733776
      supporting_text: "The dicarboxylate carrier (DIC) belongs to a family of transport proteins"
- term:
    id: GO:0006094
    label: gluconeogenesis
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:9733776
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      DIC supplies substrates (via malate export from mitochondria) for
      gluconeogenesis, a well-established downstream physiological role consistent
      with its high liver/kidney expression. This is a consequence of transport rather
      than DIC's own molecular activity, so it is kept as a non-core process.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:9733776
      supporting_text: "from the role of the DIC in gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis"
- term:
    id: GO:0006835
    label: dicarboxylic acid transport
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:9733776
  qualifier: involved_in
  review:
    summary: >-
      Core process: DIC mediates transport of dicarboxylic acids (malate, succinate)
      across the inner membrane. Correct general process term for the gene.
    action: ACCEPT
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:9733776
      supporting_text: "The dicarboxylate carrier (DIC) belongs to a family of transport proteins"
core_functions:
- description: >-
    Dicarboxylate:phosphate antiporter of the mitochondrial inner membrane that
    catalyzes the electroneutral exchange of dicarboxylates (principally malate and
    succinate) for inorganic phosphate, operating as a monomer via a ping-pong
    (single-binding-site) mechanism.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0015364
    label: dicarboxylate:phosphate antiporter activity
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0071423
    label: malate transmembrane transport
  - id: GO:0071422
    label: succinate transmembrane transport
  - id: GO:0035435
    label: phosphate ion transmembrane transport
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005743
    label: mitochondrial inner membrane
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:human/SLC25A10/SLC25A10-uniprot.txt
    supporting_text: "Catalyzes the electroneutral exchange or flux of"
  - reference_id: PMID:29211846
    supporting_text: "SLC25A10 (also known as DIC) transports dicarboxylates and phosphate across the inner mitochondrial membrane"
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000002
  title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO
    terms
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
  title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location
    vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by
    UniProt
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000052
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on curation of immunofluorescence data
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000108
  title: Automatic assignment of GO terms using logical inference, based on on inter-ontology
    links
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000117
  title: Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19060904
  title: An empirical framework for binary interactome mapping.
  findings: []
  reference_review:
    relevance: LOW
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: >-
      High-throughput binary interactome method paper; source of a bare protein-binding
      IPI. Not informative about DIC's molecular function.
- id: PMID:19447967
  title: Shifted Transversal Design smart-pooling for high coverage interactome mapping.
  findings: []
  reference_review:
    relevance: LOW
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: >-
      High-throughput interactome-mapping method; source of a bare protein-binding IPI
      (MDFI). Non-physiological for an inner-membrane transporter.
- id: PMID:21516116
  title: Next-generation sequencing to generate interactome datasets.
  findings: []
  reference_review:
    relevance: LOW
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: >-
      High-throughput interactome dataset method; source of a bare protein-binding IPI.
      Uninformative for DIC function.
- id: PMID:21630459
  title: Proteomic characterization of the human sperm nucleus.
  findings: []
  reference_review:
    relevance: LOW
    correctness: MISCITED
    review_notes: >-
      Sperm-nucleus proteome; underlies the nucleus HDA annotation. For a mitochondrial
      inner-membrane transporter this is a co-purification or contaminant artifact and
      does not support a genuine nuclear localization.
- id: PMID:25416956
  title: A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network.
  findings: []
  reference_review:
    relevance: LOW
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: >-
      Proteome-scale Y2H interactome; source of multiple bare protein-binding IPIs to
      keratins/KRTAPs and other non-mitochondrial partners (classic high-throughput false
      positives). Uninformative for function.
- id: PMID:29211846
  title: SLC25A10 biallelic mutations in intractable epileptic encephalopathy with
    complex I deficiency.
  findings:
  - statement: >-
      Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in SLC25A10 abolish DIC protein and its
      dicarboxylate/phosphate transport activity, causing a severe mitochondrial
      neurodegenerative disorder (MTDPS19) with complex I deficiency and mtDNA depletion.
    reference_section_type: RESULTS
  - statement: >-
      SLC25A10 transports dicarboxylates and phosphate across the inner mitochondrial
      membrane and is conserved from yeast to mammals; it does not transport glutathione.
    reference_section_type: INTRODUCTION
  reference_review:
    relevance: HIGH
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: >-
      Full text available; directly establishes human DIC transport function (via
      reconstituted transport assay), disease association, and lack of glutathione
      transport.
- id: PMID:31515488
  title: Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic variants across the
    allele frequency spectrum in human populations.
  findings: []
  reference_review:
    relevance: LOW
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: >-
      Allelic interactome perturbation study; source of a bare protein-binding IPI
      (NOTCH2NLA). Non-mitochondrial partner; uninformative for DIC function.
- id: PMID:34800366
  title: Quantitative high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome and its dynamics
    in cellular context.
  findings:
  - statement: >-
      SLC25A10 is a member of the high-confidence human mitochondrial proteome,
      confirming its mitochondrial localization.
    reference_section_type: RESULTS
  reference_review:
    relevance: MEDIUM
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: >-
      High-confidence mitochondrial proteome; corroborates mitochondrial localization
      (supports the mitochondrion HTP annotation).
- id: PMID:9733776
  title: The sequence, bacterial expression, and functional reconstitution of the
    rat mitochondrial dicarboxylate transporter cloned via distant homologs in yeast
    and Caenorhabditis elegans.
  findings:
  - statement: >-
      The dicarboxylate carrier (DIC) is a mitochondrial inner-membrane transport
      protein; the rat ortholog reconstituted into vesicles shows transport
      characteristics matching whole rat mitochondria, and its role in gluconeogenesis
      and ureogenesis is reflected in high liver and kidney expression.
    reference_section_type: ABSTRACT
  reference_review:
    relevance: HIGH
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: >-
      Foundational functional-reconstitution study of the DIC (rat ortholog);
      establishes dicarboxylate transport activity and the gluconeogenesis/ureogenesis
      physiological context. Abstract-only in cache.
- id: PMID:38780415
  title: A mitochondrial carrier transports glycolytic intermediates to link cytosolic
    and mitochondrial glycolysis in the human gut parasite Blastocystis.
  findings:
  - statement: >-
      Characterizes human SLC25A10 substrate specificity and transporter activity,
      confirming exchange among dicarboxylates, sulfate, thiosulfate and phosphate.
    reference_section_type: RESULTS
  reference_review:
    relevance: HIGH
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: >-
      Cited by UniProt for FUNCTION, SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY and TRANSPORTER ACTIVITY of
      human SLC25A10 (multiple RHEA-referenced exchange reactions). Not in local cache;
      title taken from UniProt reference record.
- id: PMID:38937634
  title: Human mitochondrial carriers of the SLC25 family function as monomers exchanging
    substrates with a ping-pong kinetic mechanism.
  findings:
  - statement: >-
      Human SLC25 carriers, including SLC25A10, function as monomers and exchange
      substrates by a ping-pong (single-binding-site) kinetic mechanism.
    reference_section_type: RESULTS
  reference_review:
    relevance: HIGH
    correctness: VERIFIED
    review_notes: >-
      Cited by UniProt for FUNCTION and SUBUNIT (monomer; ping-pong mechanism). Not in
      local cache; title taken from UniProt reference record.
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-1614517
  title: Sulfide oxidation to sulfate
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-1614546
  title: Sulfate is exported to the cytosol in exchange for dicarboxylate
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-372843
  title: SLC25A10 mediates exchange of malate and phosphate
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-HSA-9955298
  title: SLC-mediated transport of organic anions
  findings: []