SLC3A2 (also known as 4F2hc, CD98 heavy chain) encodes the essential heavy chain subunit of heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs). It functions as a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that forms disulfide-linked heterodimers with various SLC7 family light chain transporters (SLC7A5/LAT1, SLC7A6/y+LAT2, SLC7A7/y+LAT1, SLC7A8/LAT2, SLC7A10/Asc-1, SLC7A11/xCT). SLC3A2 acts as a chaperone essential for the trafficking, plasma membrane localization, and stability of these light chain partners, which provide the actual catalytic transport activity. The SLC3A2/SLC7A5 (LAT1) complex mediates Na+-independent transport of large neutral amino acids (leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine) and is critical for mTORC1 activation. The SLC3A2/SLC7A11 (xCT) complex functions as the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc-, important for glutathione synthesis and protection against ferroptosis. SLC3A2 also modulates integrin signaling independently of its transport functions. High-resolution cryo-EM structures have elucidated the molecular architecture of these complexes.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:1903801 L-leucine import across plasma membrane | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: SLC3A2 partners with LAT1 (SLC7A5) and LAT2 (SLC7A8) to form heterodimeric amino acid transporters that mediate leucine import. This is a core function well-supported by phylogenetic analysis and experimental evidence from multiple studies (PMID:9751058, PMID:10574970, PMID:11557028, PMID:30867591). Reason: L-leucine import is a well-established core function of SLC3A2-containing heterodimeric transporters. The IBA annotation is consistent with extensive experimental evidence. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9751058 Amino-acid transport by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and members of a permease family. PMID:30867591 Mar 13. Structure of the human LAT1-4F2hc heteromeric amino acid transporter complex. file:human/SLC3A2/SLC3A2-deep-research-falcon.md model: Edison Scientific Literature |
| GO:0015823 phenylalanine transport | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Phenylalanine is a well-established substrate for the LAT1-4F2hc and LAT2-4F2hc complexes. Multiple experimental studies confirm phenylalanine transport activity. Reason: Phenylalanine transport is a core function of SLC3A2-containing HAT complexes, supported by phylogenetic and experimental evidence. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10574970 LAT2, a new basolateral 4F2hc/CD98-associated amino acid transporter of kidney and intestine. PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterization of function and expression in tumor cell lines. |
| GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: SLC3A2 localizes to both apical and basolateral plasma membranes in polarized epithelial cells. Basolateral localization is well-documented for kidney and intestinal epithelia where it partners with LAT2. Reason: Basolateral localization is supported by phylogenetic inference and consistent with experimental data from polarized epithelial cells (PMID:31791063). Supporting Evidence: PMID:31791063 Quantitative Protein Expression in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Comparison Between Apical and Basolateral Plasma Membranes With Emphasis on Transporters. |
| GO:0016324 apical plasma membrane | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: SLC3A2 is found at the apical membrane of syncytiotrophoblasts and other polarized cells. Apical localization depends on the light chain partner. Reason: Apical localization is well-documented in multiple cell types and tissues. Supporting Evidence: PMID:31791063 Quantitative Protein Expression in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Comparison Between Apical and Basolateral Plasma Membranes With Emphasis on Transporters. |
| GO:1904273 L-alanine import across plasma membrane | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: L-alanine transport is mediated by the LAT2-4F2hc complex. LAT2 has broader specificity for small and large neutral amino acids compared to LAT1. Reason: L-alanine import is established function of the SLC3A2/LAT2 complex based on experimental evidence (PMID:10391915). Supporting Evidence: PMID:10391915 Identification of a membrane protein, LAT-2, that Co-expresses with 4F2 heavy chain, an L-type amino acid transport activity with broad specificity for small and large zwitterionic amino acids. |
| GO:0001618 virus receptor activity | IEA GO_REF:0000043 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: SLC3A2/CD98 has been demonstrated to act as a receptor for Plasmodium vivax entry into immature red blood cells (PMID:34294905) and facilitates hepatitis C virus entry (PMID:30341327). This represents a secondary function exploited by pathogens. Reason: While virus/pathogen receptor activity is experimentally validated, it represents exploitation of SLC3A2 by pathogens rather than a core physiological function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:34294905 2021 Jul 22. Plasmodium vivax binds host CD98hc (SLC3A2) to enter immature red blood cells. PMID:30341327 Hepatitis C Virus Modulates Solute carrier family 3 member 2 for Viral Propagation. |
| GO:0005765 lysosomal membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: SLC3A2 is recruited to lysosomes by LAPTM4B where the LAT1-4F2hc complex promotes leucine uptake into lysosomes, facilitating mTORC1 activation (PMID:25998567). Reason: Lysosomal localization is experimentally verified and functionally important for mTORC1 signaling. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25998567 LAPTM4b recruits the LAT1-4F2hc Leu transporter to lysosomes and promotes mTORC1 activation. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Plasma membrane localization is the primary site of SLC3A2 function where it forms heterodimeric transporters. Extensively validated by experimental studies and structural biology. Reason: Core localization supported by cryo-EM structures and numerous functional studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30867591 Mar 13. Structure of the human LAT1-4F2hc heteromeric amino acid transporter complex. |
| GO:0005975 carbohydrate metabolic process | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | REMOVE | Summary: This annotation is based on the glycoside hydrolase domain annotation in InterPro. However, SLC3A2 does NOT function as a glycoside hydrolase - it functions as an amino acid transporter chaperone. The alpha-amylase-like fold is structural but not catalytically active. This is an erroneous electronic annotation. Reason: SLC3A2 does not participate in carbohydrate metabolism. While it contains an alpha-amylase-like domain fold, this domain has been repurposed for structural roles in membrane association and heterodimer formation, not carbohydrate hydrolysis. Recent structural studies (PMID:30867591, PMID:33298890) confirm this domain mediates protein-protein interactions, not enzymatic activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30867591 Mar 13. Structure of the human LAT1-4F2hc heteromeric amino acid transporter complex. |
| GO:0006865 amino acid transport | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | ACCEPT | Summary: Amino acid transport is the primary function of SLC3A2 when complexed with SLC7 family light chains. This is a core function. Reason: Core function well-established by extensive experimental evidence. |
| GO:0015823 phenylalanine transport | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Duplicate of IBA annotation above. Phenylalanine transport is a well-established substrate for LAT1 and LAT2 complexes with SLC3A2. Reason: Core function - phenylalanine is a well-characterized substrate. |
| GO:0015827 tryptophan transport | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Tryptophan is a substrate for LAT1-4F2hc and LAT2-4F2hc complexes. Experimentally verified in multiple studies. Reason: Core function supported by experimental evidence (PMID:10574970, PMID:11557028, PMID:11564694). Supporting Evidence: PMID:10574970 LAT2, a new basolateral 4F2hc/CD98-associated amino acid transporter of kidney and intestine. |
| GO:0016020 membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Generic membrane annotation. SLC3A2 is a type II transmembrane protein - more specific annotations (plasma membrane, lysosomal membrane) are also present. Reason: Valid but general annotation. More specific CC annotations are preferable. |
| GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Duplicate of IBA annotation. Valid localization for SLC3A2 in polarized epithelial cells. Reason: Well-supported localization. |
| GO:0016324 apical plasma membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Duplicate of IBA annotation. Valid localization. Reason: Well-supported localization in polarized cells. |
| GO:0042470 melanosome | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: SLC3A2 was identified in melanosome proteomics studies. This likely reflects amino acid transporter activity in these specialized organelles. Reason: Melanosome localization is based on proteomics data but not a core localization. |
| GO:0046982 protein heterodimerization activity | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | ACCEPT | Summary: Heterodimerization with SLC7 family members is THE core molecular function of SLC3A2. It forms obligate disulfide-linked heterodimers with light chains. Reason: Core molecular function. SLC3A2 forms heterodimers with at least 6 different SLC7 family members (SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC7A7, SLC7A8, SLC7A10, SLC7A11). Supporting Evidence: PMID:30867591 Mar 13. Structure of the human LAT1-4F2hc heteromeric amino acid transporter complex. PMID:34880232 Molecular basis for redox control by the human cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc(). |
| GO:0070161 anchoring junction | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: SLC3A2 localizes to cell-cell adhesion sites and interacts with integrins. This relates to its integrin signaling modulation function. Reason: Junction localization is secondary to its transport function. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:20374249 The pathogenic E. coli type III effector EspZ interacts with... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: This annotation is based on interaction with E. coli EspZ effector protein. Represents pathogen exploitation of SLC3A2. Reason: Generic protein binding annotation - more specific MF terms exist for the relevant interactions (heterodimerization with SLC7 proteins). Supporting Evidence: PMID:20374249 The pathogenic E. coli type III effector EspZ interacts with host CD98 and facilitates host cell prosurvival signalling. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:28298427 Systematic protein-protein interaction mapping for clinicall... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: Interaction with GPR37. Represents a GPCR interaction study. Reason: Generic protein binding - should be replaced with more specific term if functional significance is established. Supporting Evidence: PMID:28298427 Systematic protein-protein interaction mapping for clinically relevant human GPCRs. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:30867591 Structure of the human LAT1-4F2hc heteromeric amino acid tra... | MODIFY | Summary: Structural study demonstrating interaction with SLC7A5/LAT1. Reason: This is heterodimerization with SLC7A5 - should use GO:0046982 protein heterodimerization activity, which is also present. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:30867591 Mar 13. Structure of the human LAT1-4F2hc heteromeric amino acid transporter complex. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:34880232 Molecular basis for redox control by the human cystine/gluta... | MODIFY | Summary: Structural study of xCT/SLC7A11 interaction with SLC3A2. Reason: This is heterodimerization - more specific term exists. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:34880232 Molecular basis for redox control by the human cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc(). |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:35271311 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human ce... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: OpenCell high-throughput study detecting LAT1 interaction. Reason: Generic protein binding from HT study - heterodimerization terms are more informative. Supporting Evidence: PMID:35271311 2022 Mar 11. OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human cellular organization. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:40355756 The solute carrier superfamily interactome. | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: SLC transporter interactome study. Reason: Generic protein binding - specific interactions should use more specific terms. Supporting Evidence: PMID:40355756 2025 May 12. The solute carrier superfamily interactome. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:9878049 Amino acid transport of y+L-type by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD... | MODIFY | Summary: Early study establishing y+LAT interaction with 4F2hc. Reason: This demonstrates heterodimerization with SLC7A7. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:9878049 Amino acid transport of y+L-type by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and members of the glycoprotein-associated amino acid transporter family. |
| GO:0015820 L-leucine transport | IEA GO_REF:0000107 | ACCEPT | Summary: Leucine transport is a core function of SLC3A2-containing complexes, especially LAT1-4F2hc. Critical for mTORC1 signaling. Reason: Well-established core function. |
| GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity | IEA GO_REF:0000107 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Crystal structure of the SLC3A2 ectodomain (PMID:17724034) shows it can form homodimers, though heterodimer formation with SLC7 proteins is its primary functional form. Reason: Homodimerization has been structurally observed but heterodimerization with SLC7 light chains is the functional form. Supporting Evidence: |
| GO:0043025 neuronal cell body | IEA GO_REF:0000107 | ACCEPT | Summary: Neuronal localization transferred from mouse ortholog. SLC3A2/LAT1 is expressed in neurons and at the blood-brain barrier. Reason: Neuronal expression is well-documented for amino acid transport functions. |
| GO:0044225 apical pole of neuron | IEA GO_REF:0000107 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Specific neuronal localization from ortholog transfer. Reason: Valid but cell-type specific localization. |
| GO:0045202 synapse | IEA GO_REF:0000107 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Synaptic localization likely reflects amino acid transporter function at synapses. Asc-1/CD98hc transports D-serine and glycine, key NMDAR co-agonists. Reason: Synaptic localization is relevant for neuromodulator transport. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | IDA GO_REF:0000052 | ACCEPT | Summary: HPA immunofluorescence data confirming plasma membrane localization. Reason: Core localization validated by immunofluorescence. |
| GO:0089718 amino acid import across plasma membrane | NAS PMID:10734121 Identification and characterization of a Na(+)-independent n... | ACCEPT | Summary: Small neutral amino acid transporter asc-2/SLC7A10 association with 4F2hc for amino acid import. Reason: Amino acid import is a core function of SLC3A2-containing transporters. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10734121 Identification and characterization of a Na(+)-independent neutral amino acid transporter that associates with the 4F2 heavy chain and exhibits substrate selectivity for small neutral D- and L-amino acids. |
| GO:0089718 amino acid import across plasma membrane | IDA PMID:10903140 The heterodimeric amino acid transporter 4F2hc/y+LAT2 mediat... | ACCEPT | Summary: Demonstrates arginine efflux in exchange with glutamine via y+LAT2/4F2hc. Reason: Core function - amino acid exchange across plasma membrane. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10903140 The heterodimeric amino acid transporter 4F2hc/y+LAT2 mediates arginine efflux in exchange with glutamine. |
| GO:0089718 amino acid import across plasma membrane | IDA PMID:11417227 Identification and characterisation of human xCT that co-exp... | ACCEPT | Summary: Key paper identifying xCT/SLC7A11 as the partner of 4F2hc for system xc- activity (cystine/glutamate antiporter). Cystine import is critical. Reason: Core function - cystine import is essential for glutathione synthesis. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11417227 Identification and characterisation of human xCT that co-expresses, with 4F2 heavy chain, the amino acid transport activity system xc-. |
| GO:0089718 amino acid import across plasma membrane | IDA PMID:30867591 Structure of the human LAT1-4F2hc heteromeric amino acid tra... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cryo-EM structure of LAT1-4F2hc complex with functional characterization. Reason: Core function supported by structural and functional studies. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30867591 Mar 13. Structure of the human LAT1-4F2hc heteromeric amino acid transporter complex. |
| GO:0089718 amino acid import across plasma membrane | IDA PMID:33758168 Mechanism of substrate transport and inhibition of the human... | ACCEPT | Summary: Mechanism of substrate transport and inhibition of LAT1-4F2hc. Reason: Core function with mechanistic detail. Supporting Evidence: PMID:33758168 Mechanism of substrate transport and inhibition of the human LAT1-4F2hc amino acid transporter. |
| GO:0089718 amino acid import across plasma membrane | IDA PMID:9878049 Amino acid transport of y+L-type by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD... | ACCEPT | Summary: Early characterization of y+L-type transport by 4F2hc heterodimers. Reason: Foundational paper establishing amino acid transport function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9878049 Amino acid transport of y+L-type by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and members of the glycoprotein-associated amino acid transporter family. |
| GO:0150104 transport across blood-brain barrier | NAS PMID:27912058 Impaired Amino Acid Transport at the Blood Brain Barrier Is ... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: LAT1-4F2hc at the blood-brain barrier transports essential amino acids. Impaired transport is linked to autism spectrum disorder. Reason: Tissue-specific function reflecting amino acid transport at BBB. Supporting Evidence: PMID:27912058 Impaired Amino Acid Transport at the Blood Brain Barrier Is a Cause of Autism Spectrum Disorder. |
| GO:0046982 protein heterodimerization activity | IDA PMID:33298890 Structural insight into the substrate recognition and transp... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cryo-EM structure of LAT2-4F2hc complex demonstrating heterodimer architecture. Reason: Core molecular function directly demonstrated by structural biology. Supporting Evidence: PMID:33298890 Structural insight into the substrate recognition and transport mechanism of the human LAT2-4F2hc complex. |
| GO:0140272 exogenous protein binding | IDA PMID:30341327 Hepatitis C Virus Modulates Solute carrier family 3 member 2... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Binding to hepatitis C virus envelope proteins facilitating viral entry. Reason: Pathogen exploitation of SLC3A2 - not a core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30341327 Hepatitis C Virus Modulates Solute carrier family 3 member 2 for Viral Propagation. |
| GO:0140272 exogenous protein binding | IDA PMID:34294905 Plasmodium vivax binds host CD98hc (SLC3A2) to enter immatur... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: CD98hc serves as a receptor for Plasmodium vivax entry into reticulocytes. Reason: Pathogen receptor function - exploited by malaria parasite. Supporting Evidence: PMID:34294905 2021 Jul 22. Plasmodium vivax binds host CD98hc (SLC3A2) to enter immature red blood cells. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:33298890 Structural insight into the substrate recognition and transp... | MODIFY | Summary: Interaction with SLC7A8/LAT2 demonstrated structurally. Reason: Heterodimerization - more specific term available. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:33298890 Structural insight into the substrate recognition and transport mechanism of the human LAT2-4F2hc complex. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | IDA PMID:11311135 Association of 4F2hc with light chains LAT1, LAT2 or y+LAT2 ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Study showing domain requirements for 4F2hc association with LAT1, LAT2, y+LAT2. Reason: Well-established core localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11311135 Association of 4F2hc with light chains LAT1, LAT2 or y+LAT2 requires different domains. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | IDA PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterizati... | ACCEPT | Summary: LAT1 characterization showing plasma membrane localization. Reason: Core localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterization of function and expression in tumor cell lines. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | IDA PMID:12225859 Characterization of the system L amino acid transporter in T... | ACCEPT | Summary: System L amino acid transporter in T24 bladder carcinoma cells. Reason: Core localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12225859 Characterization of the system L amino acid transporter in T24 human bladder carcinoma cells. |
| GO:0015818 isoleucine transport | IDA PMID:11311135 Association of 4F2hc with light chains LAT1, LAT2 or y+LAT2 ... | ACCEPT | Summary: Isoleucine is transported by LAT1-4F2hc and LAT2-4F2hc complexes. Reason: Core function - isoleucine is a branched-chain amino acid substrate. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11311135 Association of 4F2hc with light chains LAT1, LAT2 or y+LAT2 requires different domains. |
| GO:0015818 isoleucine transport | IDA PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterizati... | ACCEPT | Summary: LAT1 characterization showing isoleucine transport. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterization of function and expression in tumor cell lines. |
| GO:0015820 L-leucine transport | IDA PMID:10574970 LAT2, a new basolateral 4F2hc/CD98-associated amino acid tra... | ACCEPT | Summary: LAT2 characterization showing leucine transport. Reason: Core function - leucine is essential for mTORC1 signaling. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10574970 LAT2, a new basolateral 4F2hc/CD98-associated amino acid transporter of kidney and intestine. |
| GO:0015820 L-leucine transport | IDA PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterizati... | ACCEPT | Summary: LAT1 characterization in tumor cells. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterization of function and expression in tumor cell lines. |
| GO:0015820 L-leucine transport | IDA PMID:11564694 Thyroid hormone transport by the heterodimeric human system ... | ACCEPT | Summary: System L transporter characterization. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11564694 Thyroid hormone transport by the heterodimeric human system L amino acid transporter. |
| GO:0015820 L-leucine transport | IDA PMID:12225859 Characterization of the system L amino acid transporter in T... | ACCEPT | Summary: T24 bladder carcinoma cell characterization. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12225859 Characterization of the system L amino acid transporter in T24 human bladder carcinoma cells. |
| GO:0015820 L-leucine transport | IDA PMID:15769744 Identification of stereoselective transporters for S-nitroso... | ACCEPT | Summary: S-nitroso-L-cysteine transport via LAT1/LAT2. Reason: Core function with additional substrate discovery. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15769744 2005 Mar 15. Identification of stereoselective transporters for S-nitroso-L-cysteine: role of LAT1 and LAT2 in biological activity of S-nitrosothiols. |
| GO:0015820 L-leucine transport | IDA PMID:9751058 Amino-acid transport by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and membe... | ACCEPT | Summary: Foundational paper establishing 4F2hc permease heterodimer transport. Reason: Core function - seminal paper. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9751058 Amino-acid transport by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and members of a permease family. |
| GO:0015821 methionine transport | IDA PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterizati... | ACCEPT | Summary: LAT1 transports methionine, which is important for methylation reactions. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterization of function and expression in tumor cell lines. |
| GO:0015823 phenylalanine transport | IDA PMID:10574970 LAT2, a new basolateral 4F2hc/CD98-associated amino acid tra... | ACCEPT | Summary: LAT2 phenylalanine transport characterization. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10574970 LAT2, a new basolateral 4F2hc/CD98-associated amino acid transporter of kidney and intestine. |
| GO:0015823 phenylalanine transport | IDA PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterizati... | ACCEPT | Summary: LAT1 phenylalanine transport. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterization of function and expression in tumor cell lines. |
| GO:0015823 phenylalanine transport | IDA PMID:11564694 Thyroid hormone transport by the heterodimeric human system ... | ACCEPT | Summary: System L transporter phenylalanine transport. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11564694 Thyroid hormone transport by the heterodimeric human system L amino acid transporter. |
| GO:0015823 phenylalanine transport | IDA PMID:9751058 Amino-acid transport by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and membe... | ACCEPT | Summary: Foundational study on 4F2hc heterodimer transport. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9751058 Amino-acid transport by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and members of a permease family. |
| GO:0015824 proline transport | IDA PMID:10574970 LAT2, a new basolateral 4F2hc/CD98-associated amino acid tra... | ACCEPT | Summary: Proline transport by LAT2-4F2hc. Reason: LAT2 has broader substrate specificity including proline. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10574970 LAT2, a new basolateral 4F2hc/CD98-associated amino acid transporter of kidney and intestine. |
| GO:0015827 tryptophan transport | IDA PMID:10574970 LAT2, a new basolateral 4F2hc/CD98-associated amino acid tra... | ACCEPT | Summary: Tryptophan transport by LAT2. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10574970 LAT2, a new basolateral 4F2hc/CD98-associated amino acid transporter of kidney and intestine. |
| GO:0015827 tryptophan transport | IDA PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterizati... | ACCEPT | Summary: Tryptophan transport by LAT1. Reason: Core function - large neutral aromatic amino acid. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterization of function and expression in tumor cell lines. |
| GO:0015827 tryptophan transport | IDA PMID:11564694 Thyroid hormone transport by the heterodimeric human system ... | ACCEPT | Summary: System L tryptophan transport. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11564694 Thyroid hormone transport by the heterodimeric human system L amino acid transporter. |
| GO:0015828 tyrosine transport | IDA PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterizati... | ACCEPT | Summary: Tyrosine transport by LAT1. Reason: Core function - aromatic amino acid. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterization of function and expression in tumor cell lines. |
| GO:0015828 tyrosine transport | IDA PMID:11564694 Thyroid hormone transport by the heterodimeric human system ... | ACCEPT | Summary: System L tyrosine transport. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11564694 Thyroid hormone transport by the heterodimeric human system L amino acid transporter. |
| GO:0015829 valine transport | IDA PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterizati... | ACCEPT | Summary: Valine transport by LAT1. Reason: Core function - branched-chain amino acid. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterization of function and expression in tumor cell lines. |
| GO:0070327 thyroid hormone transport | IDA PMID:11564694 Thyroid hormone transport by the heterodimeric human system ... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: LAT1 and LAT2 transport thyroid hormones (T3, T4) which structurally resemble tyrosine. Reason: Valid function but secondary to amino acid transport - thyroid hormones are structurally similar to tyrosine. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11564694 Thyroid hormone transport by the heterodimeric human system L amino acid transporter. |
| GO:1902024 L-histidine transport | IDA PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterizati... | ACCEPT | Summary: Histidine transport by LAT1. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11557028 Human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1): characterization of function and expression in tumor cell lines. |
| GO:1902024 L-histidine transport | IDA PMID:9751058 Amino-acid transport by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and membe... | ACCEPT | Summary: Histidine transport by 4F2hc heterodimers. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9751058 Amino-acid transport by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and members of a permease family. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:30341327 Hepatitis C Virus Modulates Solute carrier family 3 member 2... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Interaction with HCV E2 envelope protein. Reason: Pathogen interaction - exogenous protein binding term more appropriate. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30341327 Hepatitis C Virus Modulates Solute carrier family 3 member 2 for Viral Propagation. |
| GO:0015820 L-leucine transport | IMP PMID:30341327 Hepatitis C Virus Modulates Solute carrier family 3 member 2... | ACCEPT | Summary: Leucine transport enhanced during HCV infection promoting mTORC1 signaling. Reason: Core function demonstrated by mutant phenotype. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30341327 Hepatitis C Virus Modulates Solute carrier family 3 member 2 for Viral Propagation. |
| GO:0046718 symbiont entry into host cell | IMP PMID:30341327 Hepatitis C Virus Modulates Solute carrier family 3 member 2... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: SLC3A2 facilitates HCV entry into host cells. Reason: Pathogen exploitation function - not a normal physiological role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30341327 Hepatitis C Virus Modulates Solute carrier family 3 member 2 for Viral Propagation. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | IDA PMID:28112518 LC-MS/MS Based Quantitation of ABC and SLC Transporter Prote... | ACCEPT | Summary: Mass spectrometry quantitation in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Reason: Core localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:28112518 Epub 2017 Feb 14. LC-MS/MS Based Quantitation of ABC and SLC Transporter Proteins in Plasma Membranes of Cultured Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells and Immortalized ARPE19 Cell Line. |
| GO:0015180 L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity | IGI PMID:10391915 Identification of a membrane protein, LAT-2, that Co-express... | ACCEPT | Summary: LAT2-4F2hc complex transports alanine - shown by co-expression with SLC7A8. Reason: Core molecular function demonstrated by genetic interaction. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10391915 Identification of a membrane protein, LAT-2, that Co-expresses with 4F2 heavy chain, an L-type amino acid transport activity with broad specificity for small and large zwitterionic amino acids. |
| GO:0015190 L-leucine transmembrane transporter activity | IGI PMID:10391915 Identification of a membrane protein, LAT-2, that Co-express... | ACCEPT | Summary: LAT2-4F2hc leucine transporter activity. Reason: Core molecular function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10391915 Identification of a membrane protein, LAT-2, that Co-expresses with 4F2 heavy chain, an L-type amino acid transport activity with broad specificity for small and large zwitterionic amino acids. |
| GO:1903801 L-leucine import across plasma membrane | IGI PMID:10391915 Identification of a membrane protein, LAT-2, that Co-express... | ACCEPT | Summary: Leucine import by LAT2-4F2hc. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10391915 Identification of a membrane protein, LAT-2, that Co-expresses with 4F2 heavy chain, an L-type amino acid transport activity with broad specificity for small and large zwitterionic amino acids. |
| GO:1904273 L-alanine import across plasma membrane | IGI PMID:10391915 Identification of a membrane protein, LAT-2, that Co-express... | ACCEPT | Summary: Alanine import by LAT2-4F2hc. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10391915 Identification of a membrane protein, LAT-2, that Co-expresses with 4F2 heavy chain, an L-type amino acid transport activity with broad specificity for small and large zwitterionic amino acids. |
| GO:0009925 basal plasma membrane | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Basal membrane localization inferred from sequence similarity. Reason: Valid localization consistent with basolateral distribution. |
| GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane | IDA PMID:31791063 Quantitative Protein Expression in the Human Retinal Pigment... | ACCEPT | Summary: Direct experimental evidence for basolateral localization in RPE cells. Reason: Core localization validated experimentally. Supporting Evidence: PMID:31791063 Quantitative Protein Expression in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Comparison Between Apical and Basolateral Plasma Membranes With Emphasis on Transporters. |
| GO:0016324 apical plasma membrane | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Apical localization from sequence similarity. Reason: Valid localization. |
| GO:0016324 apical plasma membrane | IDA PMID:31791063 Quantitative Protein Expression in the Human Retinal Pigment... | ACCEPT | Summary: Direct evidence for apical localization in RPE cells. Reason: Core localization validated experimentally. Supporting Evidence: PMID:31791063 Quantitative Protein Expression in the Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Comparison Between Apical and Basolateral Plasma Membranes With Emphasis on Transporters. |
| GO:0015173 aromatic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity | IGI PMID:15589117 Human LAT1 single nucleotide polymorphism N230K does not alt... | ACCEPT | Summary: LAT1-4F2hc aromatic amino acid transporter activity demonstrated. Reason: Core molecular function - LAT1 preferentially transports large neutral aromatics. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15589117 Human LAT1 single nucleotide polymorphism N230K does not alter phenylalanine transport. |
| GO:0015823 phenylalanine transport | IGI PMID:15589117 Human LAT1 single nucleotide polymorphism N230K does not alt... | ACCEPT | Summary: Phenylalanine transport by LAT1-4F2hc. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15589117 Human LAT1 single nucleotide polymorphism N230K does not alter phenylalanine transport. |
| GO:0015175 neutral L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity | IGI PMID:17197568 Ornithine transport via cationic amino acid transporter-1 is... | ACCEPT | Summary: Neutral amino acid transporter activity demonstrated for SLC3A2-containing complexes. Reason: Core molecular function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17197568 Ornithine transport via cationic amino acid transporter-1 is involved in ornithine cytotoxicity in retinal pigment epithelial cells. |
| GO:1903801 L-leucine import across plasma membrane | IGI PMID:17197568 Ornithine transport via cationic amino acid transporter-1 is... | ACCEPT | Summary: Leucine import function. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:17197568 Ornithine transport via cationic amino acid transporter-1 is involved in ornithine cytotoxicity in retinal pigment epithelial cells. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | IDA PMID:23137377 Quantitative targeted absolute proteomic analysis of transpo... | ACCEPT | Summary: Quantitative proteomics in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Reason: Core localization at blood-brain barrier. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23137377 Quantitative targeted absolute proteomic analysis of transporters, receptors and junction proteins for validation of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 as a human blood-brain barrier model. |
| GO:1990184 amino acid transport complex | IDA PMID:30867591 Structure of the human LAT1-4F2hc heteromeric amino acid tra... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cryo-EM structure directly demonstrating SLC3A2 as part of heteromeric amino acid transporter complex. Reason: Core function - SLC3A2 is an obligate component of HAT complexes. Supporting Evidence: PMID:30867591 Mar 13. Structure of the human LAT1-4F2hc heteromeric amino acid transporter complex. |
| GO:0045296 cadherin binding | HDA PMID:25468996 E-cadherin interactome complexity and robustness resolved by... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: High-throughput study identifying E-cadherin interactome. SLC3A2 localized to cell-cell junctions. Reason: Secondary function related to cell adhesion role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25468996 E-cadherin interactome complexity and robustness resolved by quantitative proteomics. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25998567 LAPTM4b recruits the LAT1-4F2hc Leu transporter to lysosomes... | ACCEPT | Summary: Interaction with LAPTM4B for lysosomal recruitment. Reason: Functionally important interaction for mTORC1 activation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25998567 LAPTM4b recruits the LAT1-4F2hc Leu transporter to lysosomes and promotes mTORC1 activation. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | IDA PMID:25998567 LAPTM4b recruits the LAT1-4F2hc Leu transporter to lysosomes... | ACCEPT | Summary: Plasma membrane and lysosomal localization study. Reason: Core localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25998567 LAPTM4b recruits the LAT1-4F2hc Leu transporter to lysosomes and promotes mTORC1 activation. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:12270127 Molecular cloning and characterization of CT120, a novel mem... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Interaction with CT120/TLCD3A. Reason: Minor interaction - function unclear. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12270127 Molecular cloning and characterization of CT120, a novel membrane-associated gene involved in amino acid transport and glutathione metabolism. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | IDA PMID:12270127 Molecular cloning and characterization of CT120, a novel mem... | ACCEPT | Summary: Plasma membrane localization. Reason: Core localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:12270127 Molecular cloning and characterization of CT120, a novel membrane-associated gene involved in amino acid transport and glutathione metabolism. |
| GO:0009986 cell surface | IDA PMID:25063885 KSHV attachment and entry are dependent on Ξ±VΞ²3 integrin loc... | ACCEPT | Summary: Cell surface localization detected - relevant for pathogen binding. Reason: Valid localization term. Supporting Evidence: PMID:25063885 2014 Jul 24. KSHV attachment and entry are dependent on Ξ±VΞ²3 integrin localized to specific cell surface microdomains and do not correlate with the presence of heparan sulfate. |
| GO:0009986 cell surface | HDA PMID:19581412 Quantitative proteomics identifies a Dab2/integrin module re... | ACCEPT | Summary: Proteomics study on cell surface proteins. Reason: Valid localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19581412 Jul 6. Quantitative proteomics identifies a Dab2/integrin module regulating cell migration. |
| GO:0070062 extracellular exosome | HDA PMID:23533145 In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expres... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Detected in prostatic exosomes by proteomics. Reason: Secondary localization - exosomal presence common for membrane proteins. Supporting Evidence: PMID:23533145 2013 Apr 23. In-depth proteomic analyses of exosomes isolated from expressed prostatic secretions in urine. |
| GO:0016020 membrane | HDA PMID:19946888 Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells. | ACCEPT | Summary: NK cell membrane proteome. Reason: Valid general localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19946888 Defining the membrane proteome of NK cells. |
| GO:0003723 RNA binding | HDA PMID:22658674 Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-bi... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: High-throughput mRNA interactome study detected SLC3A2. This is likely non-specific or secondary. Reason: SLC3A2 is a membrane transporter chaperone with no known RNA-related function. High-throughput RNA binding studies can capture non-specific associations. No structural or functional evidence supports RNA binding. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22658674 May 31. Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNA-binding proteins. |
| GO:0070062 extracellular exosome | HDA PMID:19199708 Proteomic analysis of human parotid gland exosomes by multid... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Parotid gland exosome proteomics. Reason: Secondary localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19199708 Proteomic analysis of human parotid gland exosomes by multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). |
| GO:0070062 extracellular exosome | HDA PMID:19056867 Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exos... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Urinary exosome proteomics. Reason: Secondary localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19056867 2008 Dec 3. Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes. |
| GO:0003725 double-stranded RNA binding | IDA PMID:21266579 Raftlin is involved in the nucleocapture complex to induce p... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Study on raftlin involvement in poly(I:C)-mediated TLR3 activation found SLC3A2 in nucleocapture complex. This appears to be a specialized immunological context. Reason: This is a specialized immune function in TLR3 signaling, not a core function of SLC3A2. The dsRNA binding may be indirect through complex formation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:21266579 2011 Jan 25. Raftlin is involved in the nucleocapture complex to induce poly(I:C)-mediated TLR3 activation. |
| GO:0043330 response to exogenous dsRNA | IMP PMID:21266579 Raftlin is involved in the nucleocapture complex to induce p... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Involvement in TLR3 response to poly(I:C). Reason: Specialized immune function, not core transporter role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:21266579 2011 Jan 25. Raftlin is involved in the nucleocapture complex to induce poly(I:C)-mediated TLR3 activation. |
| GO:0070062 extracellular exosome | HDA PMID:20458337 MHC class II-associated proteins in B-cell exosomes and pote... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: B-cell exosome proteomics. Reason: Secondary localization. Supporting Evidence: PMID:20458337 2010 May 11. MHC class II-associated proteins in B-cell exosomes and potential functional implications for exosome biogenesis. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-352191 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome annotation for SLC7A8-mediated uptake with SLC3A2. Reason: Core localization. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-352232 | ACCEPT | Summary: Reactome annotation for SLC7A5:SLC3A2 transport. Reason: Core localization. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-375131 | ACCEPT | Summary: Basigin binding to CD98 complex at plasma membrane. Reason: Valid localization. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-376200 | ACCEPT | Summary: SLC7A10-mediated uptake with SLC3A2. Reason: Core localization for Asc-1/4F2hc complex. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-378513 | ACCEPT | Summary: SLC7A11-mediated cystine/glutamate exchange - system xc-. Reason: Core localization for xCT/4F2hc (system xc-). |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-379415 | ACCEPT | Summary: SLC7A7:SLC3A2 arginine/leucine exchange. Reason: Core localization for y+LAT1/4F2hc. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-379426 | ACCEPT | Summary: SLC7A6 (y+LAT2) with SLC3A2. Reason: Core localization. |
| GO:0005886 plasma membrane | TAS Reactome:R-HSA-5660910 | ACCEPT | Summary: Defective SLC7A7 pathway annotation. Reason: Valid localization context. |
| GO:1903801 L-leucine import across plasma membrane | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Leucine import inferred from sequence similarity. Reason: Core function consistent with experimental evidence. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:10506149 Cloning and expression of a b(0,+)-like amino acid transport... | MODIFY | Summary: Cloning of b(0,+)-like transporter (SLC7A9 homolog) associating with 4F2hc. Reason: This is heterodimerization with SLC7 family member. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:10506149 Cloning and expression of a b(0,+)-like amino acid transporter functioning as a heterodimer with 4F2hc instead of rBAT. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:10631289 Cloning and functional characterization of a Na(+)-independe... | MODIFY | Summary: Cloning of asc-1 (SLC7A10) interacting with 4F2hc. Reason: This is heterodimerization with SLC7A10. Proposed replacements: protein heterodimerization activity Supporting Evidence: PMID:10631289 Cloning and functional characterization of a Na(+)-independent, broad-specific neutral amino acid transporter from mammalian intestine. |
| GO:0015827 tryptophan transport | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Tryptophan transport from sequence similarity. Reason: Core function consistent with experimental evidence. |
| GO:0006816 calcium ion transport | NAS PMID:3036867 Primary structure of the human 4F2 antigen heavy chain predi... | REMOVE | Summary: This annotation references the original cloning paper from 1987. Early speculation about calcium transport was not confirmed. SLC3A2 functions as an amino acid transporter chaperone, not a calcium transporter. Reason: No evidence supports calcium transport function for SLC3A2. This appears to be a legacy annotation from early characterization before the amino acid transport function was established. Modern structural and functional studies confirm amino acid transport exclusively. Supporting Evidence: PMID:3036867 Primary structure of the human 4F2 antigen heavy chain predicts a transmembrane protein with a cytoplasmic NH2 terminus. |
| GO:0006865 amino acid transport | TAS PMID:10673541 Heterodimeric amino acid transporters: expression of heavy b... | ACCEPT | Summary: Review on heterodimeric amino acid transporters in placenta. Reason: Core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10673541 Heterodimeric amino acid transporters: expression of heavy but not light chains of CD98 correlates with induction of amino acid transport systems in human placental trophoblast. |
| GO:0016020 membrane | NAS PMID:3476959 Molecular cloning of complementary DNAs encoding the heavy c... | ACCEPT | Summary: Original cloning paper establishing membrane localization. Reason: Valid core localization from foundational paper. Supporting Evidence: PMID:3476959 Molecular cloning of complementary DNAs encoding the heavy chain of the human 4F2 cell-surface antigen: a type II membrane glycoprotein involved in normal and neoplastic cell growth. |
| GO:0015327 cystine:glutamate antiporter activity | IDA PMID:11417227 Identification and characterisation of human xCT that co-exp... | NEW | Summary: SLC3A2/4F2hc partners with xCT/SLC7A11 to form system xc-, the cystine/glutamate antiporter. The complex mediates Na+-independent exchange of extracellular cystine for intracellular glutamate (PMID:11417227, PMID:34880232). This is a core molecular function of the SLC3A2-xCT complex. Reason: This core molecular function term was not present in existing GOA annotations but is well-supported by multiple experimental studies including the original characterization (PMID:11417227) and recent cryo-EM structures (PMID:34880232). System xc- activity is essential for cysteine homeostasis and ferroptosis regulation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:11417227 Identification and characterisation of human xCT that co-expresses, with 4F2 heavy chain, the amino acid transport activity system xc-. PMID:34880232 Molecular basis for redox control by the human cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc(). |
| GO:0006749 glutathione metabolic process | IMP PMID:34880232 Molecular basis for redox control by the human cystine/gluta... | NEW | Summary: The xCT-4F2hc (system xc-) complex provides cystine for glutathione biosynthesis. Cystine is reduced to cysteine intracellularly, and cysteine is the rate-limiting substrate for glutathione synthesis. Inhibition of system xc- depletes cellular glutathione leading to ferroptosis. Reason: SLC3A2 involvement in glutathione metabolism is well-established through its partnership with xCT for cystine import. This biological process is directly downstream of the cystine:glutamate antiporter activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:34880232 Molecular basis for redox control by the human cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc(). |
| GO:0097707 ferroptosis | IMP PMID:34880232 Molecular basis for redox control by the human cystine/gluta... | NEW | Summary: Inhibition of the xCT-4F2hc (system xc-) complex leads to cystine starvation, glutathione depletion, and ferroptotic cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. System xc- is a major target for inducing ferroptosis in cancer therapy. Reason: SLC3A2 plays a critical regulatory role in ferroptosis through its partnership with xCT. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of system xc- triggers ferroptosis, establishing SLC3A2 as involved in this cell death process. Supporting Evidence: PMID:34880232 Molecular basis for redox control by the human cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc(). |
| GO:0031929 TOR signaling | NAS | NEW | Summary: Added to align core_functions with existing annotations. Reason: Core function term not present in existing_annotations. Supporting Evidence: PMID:9751058 Amino-acid transport by heterodimers of 4F2hc/CD98 and members of a permease family. PMID:25998567 LAPTM4b recruits the LAT1-4F2hc Leu transporter to lysosomes and promotes mTORC1 activation. |
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