SPG11

UniProt ID: Q96JI7
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

SPG11 encodes spatacsin, a large cytoplasmic/peripheral membrane-associated protein that functions with SPG15/spastizin and AP-5 in endolysosomal membrane remodeling. The strongest protein-homeostasis evidence supports a core role in autophagic lysosome reformation, lysosomal tubulation, lysosome membrane recycling, and ER-linked lysosome trafficking/organization. SPG11 also has supported neuronal axonal/synaptic transport contexts, but its principal described cellular role is endolysosomal membrane remodeling.

Proposed New Ontology Terms

autophagic lysosome reformation

Definition: A lysosome organization process in which autolysosomal membranes tubulate and give rise to new functional lysosomes after autophagic degradation.

Justification: SPG11/spatacsin and SPG15/spastizin are described as pivotal for ALR and essential for initiation of lysosomal tubulation, but the review currently must use broader lysosome organization and lysosomal membrane organization terms.

Parent term: lysosome organization

Supporting Evidence:

lysosome membrane recycling

Definition: A lysosome organization process that recycles lysosomal membrane components from autolysosomes or lysosome-derived carriers to regenerate functional lysosomes.

Justification: SPG11/spatacsin is required for lysosome membrane recycling and recruits dynamin for this process, but existing GO terms are broader than the specific recycling step.

Parent term: lysosomal membrane organization

Supporting Evidence:

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: SPG11/spatacsin is mainly cytoplasmic and functions as a cytoplasmic/peripheral membrane-associated endolysosomal remodeling factor.
Reason: Retain cytoplasm as a core broad location, while relying on ER, late endosome, lysosome, and lysosomal membrane terms for more specific context.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Cytoplasm, cytosol
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Mainly cytoplasmic
PMID:37871017
spatacsin is an ER-resident protein regulating the formation of tubular lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin-regulated degradation of AP5Z1 controls the directionality of lysosomes trafficking
GO:0007409 axonogenesis
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Axonogenesis is plausible from orthology and disease biology, but human experimental evidence more directly supports axonal maintenance/transport defects than a core developmental axonogenesis role.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal/developmental context rather than the proteostasis core function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24794856
spatacsin was located in axons and dendrites
PMID:24794856
reduction in the anterograde vesicle trafficking indicative of impaired axonal transport
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
GO:0007268 chemical synaptic transmission
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Chemical synaptic transmission is a plausible neuronal consequence of SPG11 dysfunction, but the direct evidence centers on synaptic vesicle/cargo transport defects.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal phenotype/context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24794856
spatacsin was located in axons and dendrites
PMID:24794856
reduction in the anterograde vesicle trafficking indicative of impaired axonal transport
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
PMID:24794856
colocalized with cytoskeletal and synaptic vesicle (SV) markers
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
GO:0008088 axo-dendritic transport
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Axo-dendritic transport is supported by impaired anterograde vesicle trafficking in SPG11-deficient neurons, but it is secondary to the endolysosomal proteostasis core.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal transport biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24794856
spatacsin was located in axons and dendrites
PMID:24794856
reduction in the anterograde vesicle trafficking indicative of impaired axonal transport
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Axon localization is supported in neurons, but it reflects the neuronal disease/transport context rather than the core ALR function.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Cell projection, axon
PMID:24794856
spatacsin was located in axons and dendrites
GO:0030425 dendrite
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Dendrite localization is supported in neurons, but it reflects the neuronal disease/transport context rather than the core ALR function.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Cell projection, dendrite
PMID:24794856
spatacsin was located in axons and dendrites
GO:0045202 synapse
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Synapse localization is supported by neuronal/synaptosome evidence, but it is secondary to the lysosome reformation and membrane-remodeling function.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal localization.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24794856
colocalized with cytoskeletal and synaptic vesicle (SV) markers
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
GO:0048489 synaptic vesicle transport
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Synaptic vesicle transport is supported in neuronal models, but it is a secondary neuronal consequence/context for this proteostasis review.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal transport biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24794856
spatacsin was located in axons and dendrites
PMID:24794856
reduction in the anterograde vesicle trafficking indicative of impaired axonal transport
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
PMID:24794856
colocalized with cytoskeletal and synaptic vesicle (SV) markers
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nucleus is reported in early localization evidence but UniProt notes that SPG11 is mainly cytoplasmic, and the proteostasis literature centers on endolysosomal remodeling.
Reason: Retain as a non-core reported location rather than a defining SPG11 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Nucleus
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Mainly cytoplasmic
GO:0005829 cytosol
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Cytosol is supported by UniProt/HPA-style localization and is compatible with a large cytoplasmic scaffold associated with endolysosomal membranes.
Reason: Retain cytosol as a core broad location, not as a substitute for the more specific endolysosomal/ER locations.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Cytoplasm, cytosol
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Mainly cytoplasmic
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Axon localization is supported in neurons, but it reflects the neuronal disease/transport context rather than the core ALR function.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Cell projection, axon
PMID:24794856
spatacsin was located in axons and dendrites
GO:0030425 dendrite
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Dendrite localization is supported in neurons, but it reflects the neuronal disease/transport context rather than the core ALR function.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal localization.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Cell projection, dendrite
PMID:24794856
spatacsin was located in axons and dendrites
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23825025
Interaction between AP-5 and the hereditary spastic parapleg...
MODIFY
Summary: The AP-5/SPG11/SPG15 interaction is real, but generic protein binding obscures the endolysosomal coat/scaffold role.
Reason: Replace generic binding with lysosomal membrane organization for the AP5-SPG11-SPG15 coat-like complex context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23825025
the four AP-5 subunits can be coimmunoprecipitated with SPG11 and SPG15
PMID:23825025
AP-5, SPG11, and SPG15 colocalize on a late endosomal/lysosomal compartment
PMID:23825025
AP-5, SPG15, and SPG11 form a coat-like complex
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25416956
A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network.
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This proteome-scale interactome evidence is too generic to define an SPG11 molecular function.
Reason: Avoid retaining GO:0005515 when no SPG11-specific mechanism is curated from the evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-notes.md
Proteome-scale interactome rows from PMID:25416956 and PMID:33961781 are insufficiently informative for core GO curation without a mechanism specific to SPG11
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-notes.md
Generic `GO:0005515 protein binding` is overused in this record.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:29949766
Inhibition of Lysosome Membrane Recycling Causes Accumulatio...
MODIFY
Summary: The dynamin interaction is mechanistic, but the informative function is lysosome membrane recycling/lysosome organization.
Reason: Replace generic protein binding with lysosome organization/lysosomal membrane organization.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29949766
spatacsin, which is required for lysosome recycling
PMID:29949766
spatacsin acts downstream of clathrin and recruits dynamin to allow lysosome membrane recycling and clearance of gangliosides from lysosomes
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:33961781
Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: This proteome-scale interactome evidence is too generic to define an SPG11 molecular function.
Reason: Avoid retaining GO:0005515 when no SPG11-specific mechanism is curated from the evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-notes.md
Proteome-scale interactome rows from PMID:25416956 and PMID:33961781 are insufficiently informative for core GO curation without a mechanism specific to SPG11
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-notes.md
Generic `GO:0005515 protein binding` is overused in this record.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:36096339
Cytosolic sequestration of spatacsin by Protein Kinase A and...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: PKA/14-3-3-dependent interaction regulates spatacsin trafficking, but generic protein binding is not an informative GO function for SPG11.
Reason: Do not retain generic protein binding as a core molecular function; capture this as regulatory context in notes/questions instead.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:36096339
identified a subset of 14-3-3 proteins as physiological interactors of spatacsin
PMID:36096339
The interaction is modulated by Protein Kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of spatacsin at Ser1955
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-notes.md
Generic `GO:0005515 protein binding` is overused in this record.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:37871017
Spatacsin regulates directionality of lysosome trafficking b...
MODIFY
Summary: The AP5Z1/spastizin interaction/regulation evidence is real, but the useful function is ER-linked tubular lysosome formation and lysosome trafficking directionality.
Reason: Replace generic binding with lysosome organization, which better captures the functional outcome.
Proposed replacements: lysosome organization
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:37871017
spatacsin is an ER-resident protein regulating the formation of tubular lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin-regulated degradation of AP5Z1 controls the directionality of lysosomes trafficking
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:40175557
Structural basis for membrane remodeling by the AP5-SPG11-SP...
MODIFY
Summary: The structural paper defines AP5-SPG11-SPG15 assembly and membrane remodeling, not a useful standalone generic protein-binding function.
Reason: Replace generic binding with membrane bending and lysosomal membrane organization.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IPI
PMID:40175557
Structural basis for membrane remodeling by the AP5-SPG11-SP...
MODIFY
Summary: The homomeric/complex assembly evidence is less informative than the demonstrated AP5-SPG11-SPG15 membrane remodeling function.
Reason: Replace identical protein binding with membrane bending and lysosomal membrane organization.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: SPG11/spatacsin is mainly cytoplasmic and functions as a cytoplasmic/peripheral membrane-associated endolysosomal remodeling factor.
Reason: Retain cytoplasm as a core broad location, while relying on ER, late endosome, lysosome, and lysosomal membrane terms for more specific context.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Cytoplasm, cytosol
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Mainly cytoplasmic
PMID:37871017
spatacsin is an ER-resident protein regulating the formation of tubular lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin-regulated degradation of AP5Z1 controls the directionality of lysosomes trafficking
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: Endoplasmic reticulum is supported by recent endogenous localization and functional lysosome-trafficking evidence.
Reason: Retain ER as a core functional location for SPG11-dependent tubular lysosome formation and ER-lysosome trafficking regulation. ORGANELLES check (2026-11-06) - this Ensembl projection comes from the mouse Spg11 (Q3UHA3) is_active_in IDA by MGI on PMID:37871017, which was read in full. There, endogenous spatacsin from mouse brain fractionated with the ER proteins REEP5 and STIM1 and away from the cathepsin D-containing lysosomal fraction, and V5-tagged spatacsin was mainly on the Sec61beta- or REEP5-labelled ER by STED, so the organelle claim holds for a resident pool rather than biosynthetic transit (spatacsin is not secreted). The is_active_in qualifier is justified - spatacsin at the ER promotes ER-lysosome contacts and tubular lysosome formation, and ER-lysosome contacts are reduced in Spg11 knockout cells (same paper). No ER membrane row is added. Endogenous spatacsin resisted high-salt and high- or low-pH extraction like the integral ER protein STIM1, but UniProt predicts no transmembrane segment, curates the protein as mainly cytoplasmic, and the authors place the same pool either at the ER or at nondegradative late-endosome membranes; these lines disagree, so the row stays at the root. A topology assay (protease protection of ER microsomes, or mapping a membrane-embedded segment) would settle membrane insertion.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:37871017
spatacsin is an ER-resident protein regulating the formation of tubular lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin-regulated degradation of AP5Z1 controls the directionality of lysosomes trafficking
GO:0045202 synapse
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Synapse localization is supported by neuronal/synaptosome evidence, but it is secondary to the lysosome reformation and membrane-remodeling function.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal localization.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24794856
colocalized with cytoskeletal and synaptic vesicle (SV) markers
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
GO:0005730 nucleolus
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Nucleolus is a weak high-throughput localization relative to the stronger cytoplasmic, ER, late-endolysosomal, and neuronal-process evidence.
Reason: Do not treat nucleolus as an informative SPG11 location without stronger gene-specific mechanistic evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-notes.md
Nucleolus and plasma membrane HPA rows are weak
GO:0005829 cytosol
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: Cytosol is supported by UniProt/HPA-style localization and is compatible with a large cytoplasmic scaffold associated with endolysosomal membranes.
Reason: Retain cytosol as a core broad location, not as a substitute for the more specific endolysosomal/ER locations.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Cytoplasm, cytosol
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Mainly cytoplasmic
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Plasma membrane is not a defining SPG11 location; PKA/14-3-3 work mentions trafficking from plasma membrane to intracellular space, but core function is endolysosomal/ER membrane remodeling.
Reason: Retain only as non-core trafficking/regulatory context.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-notes.md
Nucleolus and plasma membrane HPA rows are weak
PMID:36096339
identified a subset of 14-3-3 proteins as physiological interactors of spatacsin
PMID:36096339
The interaction is modulated by Protein Kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of spatacsin at Ser1955
GO:0005634 nucleus
EXP
PMID:17322883
Mutations in SPG11, encoding spatacsin, are a major cause of...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Nucleus is reported in early localization evidence but UniProt notes that SPG11 is mainly cytoplasmic, and the proteostasis literature centers on endolysosomal remodeling.
Reason: Retain as a non-core reported location rather than a defining SPG11 location.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Nucleus
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Mainly cytoplasmic
GO:0005764 lysosome
IPI
PMID:25365221
Spastic paraplegia proteins spastizin and spatacsin mediate ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Lysosome is a supported core compartment for SPG11-dependent ALR, lysosome membrane recycling, and AP5-SPG11-SPG15 membrane remodeling.
Reason: Retain as a core endolysosomal location/process context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25365221
the SPG15 protein spastizin and the SPG11 protein spatacsin, are pivotal for autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR)
PMID:25365221
spastizin and spatacsin were essential components for the initiation of lysosomal tubulation
PMID:29949766
spatacsin, which is required for lysosome recycling
PMID:29949766
spatacsin acts downstream of clathrin and recruits dynamin to allow lysosome membrane recycling and clearance of gangliosides from lysosomes
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
GO:0005770 late endosome
IPI
PMID:40175557
Structural basis for membrane remodeling by the AP5-SPG11-SP...
ACCEPT
Summary: Late endosome is supported by AP5-SPG11-SPG15 membrane sorting/remodeling evidence and AP-5/SPG11/SPG15 colocalization.
Reason: Retain as a core endolysosomal compartment for the AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
PMID:23825025
the four AP-5 subunits can be coimmunoprecipitated with SPG11 and SPG15
PMID:23825025
AP-5, SPG11, and SPG15 colocalize on a late endosomal/lysosomal compartment
PMID:23825025
AP-5, SPG15, and SPG11 form a coat-like complex
GO:0097212 lysosomal membrane organization
NAS
PMID:40175557
Structural basis for membrane remodeling by the AP5-SPG11-SP...
ACCEPT
Summary: Lysosomal membrane organization directly captures SPG11-dependent AP5-SPG11-SPG15 membrane remodeling and ALR/tubulation.
Reason: Retain as a core process annotation for SPG11 in the proteostasis network.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
PMID:25365221
the SPG15 protein spastizin and the SPG11 protein spatacsin, are pivotal for autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR)
PMID:25365221
spastizin and spatacsin were essential components for the initiation of lysosomal tubulation
GO:0097753 membrane bending
NAS
PMID:40175557
Structural basis for membrane remodeling by the AP5-SPG11-SP...
ACCEPT
Summary: Membrane bending is directly supported by the AP5-SPG11-SPG15 structural/mechanistic study, though the lysosomal context should be retained in curation notes.
Reason: Retain as a core membrane-remodeling process coupled to lysosomal membrane organization.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
GO:0005764 lysosome
NAS
PMID:40175557
Structural basis for membrane remodeling by the AP5-SPG11-SP...
ACCEPT
Summary: Lysosome is a supported core compartment for SPG11-dependent ALR, lysosome membrane recycling, and AP5-SPG11-SPG15 membrane remodeling.
Reason: Retain as a core endolysosomal location/process context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25365221
the SPG15 protein spastizin and the SPG11 protein spatacsin, are pivotal for autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR)
PMID:25365221
spastizin and spatacsin were essential components for the initiation of lysosomal tubulation
PMID:29949766
spatacsin, which is required for lysosome recycling
PMID:29949766
spatacsin acts downstream of clathrin and recruits dynamin to allow lysosome membrane recycling and clearance of gangliosides from lysosomes
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
GO:0005770 late endosome
NAS
PMID:40175557
Structural basis for membrane remodeling by the AP5-SPG11-SP...
ACCEPT
Summary: Late endosome is supported by AP5-SPG11-SPG15 membrane sorting/remodeling evidence and AP-5/SPG11/SPG15 colocalization.
Reason: Retain as a core endolysosomal compartment for the AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
PMID:23825025
the four AP-5 subunits can be coimmunoprecipitated with SPG11 and SPG15
PMID:23825025
AP-5, SPG11, and SPG15 colocalize on a late endosomal/lysosomal compartment
PMID:23825025
AP-5, SPG15, and SPG11 form a coat-like complex
GO:0007040 lysosome organization
NAS
PMID:40175557
Structural basis for membrane remodeling by the AP5-SPG11-SP...
ACCEPT
Summary: Lysosome organization is the best current GO representation of SPG11-dependent ALR, lysosome membrane recycling, and tubular lysosome formation.
Reason: Retain as a core SPG11 function in the proteostasis network.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25365221
the SPG15 protein spastizin and the SPG11 protein spatacsin, are pivotal for autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR)
PMID:25365221
spastizin and spatacsin were essential components for the initiation of lysosomal tubulation
PMID:29949766
spatacsin, which is required for lysosome recycling
PMID:29949766
spatacsin acts downstream of clathrin and recruits dynamin to allow lysosome membrane recycling and clearance of gangliosides from lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin is an ER-resident protein regulating the formation of tubular lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin-regulated degradation of AP5Z1 controls the directionality of lysosomes trafficking
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
GO:0007040 lysosome organization
IDA
PMID:25365221
Spastic paraplegia proteins spastizin and spatacsin mediate ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Lysosome organization is the best current GO representation of SPG11-dependent ALR, lysosome membrane recycling, and tubular lysosome formation.
Reason: Retain as a core SPG11 function in the proteostasis network.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25365221
the SPG15 protein spastizin and the SPG11 protein spatacsin, are pivotal for autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR)
PMID:25365221
spastizin and spatacsin were essential components for the initiation of lysosomal tubulation
PMID:29949766
spatacsin, which is required for lysosome recycling
PMID:29949766
spatacsin acts downstream of clathrin and recruits dynamin to allow lysosome membrane recycling and clearance of gangliosides from lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin is an ER-resident protein regulating the formation of tubular lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin-regulated degradation of AP5Z1 controls the directionality of lysosomes trafficking
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
GO:0007040 lysosome organization
IMP
PMID:25365221
Spastic paraplegia proteins spastizin and spatacsin mediate ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Lysosome organization is the best current GO representation of SPG11-dependent ALR, lysosome membrane recycling, and tubular lysosome formation.
Reason: Retain as a core SPG11 function in the proteostasis network.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25365221
the SPG15 protein spastizin and the SPG11 protein spatacsin, are pivotal for autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR)
PMID:25365221
spastizin and spatacsin were essential components for the initiation of lysosomal tubulation
PMID:29949766
spatacsin, which is required for lysosome recycling
PMID:29949766
spatacsin acts downstream of clathrin and recruits dynamin to allow lysosome membrane recycling and clearance of gangliosides from lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin is an ER-resident protein regulating the formation of tubular lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin-regulated degradation of AP5Z1 controls the directionality of lysosomes trafficking
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
GO:0019901 protein kinase binding
IDA
PMID:25365221
Spastic paraplegia proteins spastizin and spatacsin mediate ...
UNDECIDED
Summary: The available cached PMID:25365221 text supports ALR and lysosomal tubulation, but it does not provide enough evidence to verify protein kinase binding for SPG11.
Reason: Leave undecided pending access to the underlying MGI/full-text evidence for this specific molecular-function annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25365221
the SPG15 protein spastizin and the SPG11 protein spatacsin, are pivotal for autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR)
PMID:25365221
spastizin and spatacsin were essential components for the initiation of lysosomal tubulation
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-notes.md
GO:1905037 autophagosome organization is less precise
GO:1905037 autophagosome organization
IDA
PMID:25365221
Spastic paraplegia proteins spastizin and spatacsin mediate ...
MODIFY
Summary: The cited ALR evidence concerns reformation/tubulation of lysosomes after autophagy, not organization of autophagosomes themselves.
Reason: Replace with lysosome organization, which better matches depletion of free lysosomes, autolysosome accumulation, and failure of ALR.
Proposed replacements: lysosome organization
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25365221
the SPG15 protein spastizin and the SPG11 protein spatacsin, are pivotal for autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR)
PMID:25365221
spastizin and spatacsin were essential components for the initiation of lysosomal tubulation
GO:1905037 autophagosome organization
IMP
PMID:25365221
Spastic paraplegia proteins spastizin and spatacsin mediate ...
MODIFY
Summary: The cited ALR evidence concerns reformation/tubulation of lysosomes after autophagy, not organization of autophagosomes themselves.
Reason: Replace with lysosome organization, which better matches depletion of free lysosomes, autolysosome accumulation, and failure of ALR.
Proposed replacements: lysosome organization
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25365221
the SPG15 protein spastizin and the SPG11 protein spatacsin, are pivotal for autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR)
PMID:25365221
spastizin and spatacsin were essential components for the initiation of lysosomal tubulation
GO:0005829 cytosol
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Cytosol is supported by UniProt/HPA-style localization and is compatible with a large cytoplasmic scaffold associated with endolysosomal membranes.
Reason: Retain cytosol as a core broad location, not as a substitute for the more specific endolysosomal/ER locations.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Cytoplasm, cytosol
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Mainly cytoplasmic
GO:0045202 synapse
IDA
PMID:24794856
Dysfunction of spatacsin leads to axonal pathology in SPG11-...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Synapse localization is supported by neuronal/synaptosome evidence, but it is secondary to the lysosome reformation and membrane-remodeling function.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal localization.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24794856
colocalized with cytoskeletal and synaptic vesicle (SV) markers
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
GO:0008088 axo-dendritic transport
IMP
PMID:24794856
Dysfunction of spatacsin leads to axonal pathology in SPG11-...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Axo-dendritic transport is supported by impaired anterograde vesicle trafficking in SPG11-deficient neurons, but it is secondary to the endolysosomal proteostasis core.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal transport biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24794856
spatacsin was located in axons and dendrites
PMID:24794856
reduction in the anterograde vesicle trafficking indicative of impaired axonal transport
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
GO:0007268 chemical synaptic transmission
IMP
PMID:24794856
Dysfunction of spatacsin leads to axonal pathology in SPG11-...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Chemical synaptic transmission is a plausible neuronal consequence of SPG11 dysfunction, but the direct evidence centers on synaptic vesicle/cargo transport defects.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal phenotype/context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24794856
spatacsin was located in axons and dendrites
PMID:24794856
reduction in the anterograde vesicle trafficking indicative of impaired axonal transport
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
PMID:24794856
colocalized with cytoskeletal and synaptic vesicle (SV) markers
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
GO:0048489 synaptic vesicle transport
IMP
PMID:24794856
Dysfunction of spatacsin leads to axonal pathology in SPG11-...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Synaptic vesicle transport is supported in neuronal models, but it is a secondary neuronal consequence/context for this proteostasis review.
Reason: Retain as non-core neuronal transport biology.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24794856
spatacsin was located in axons and dendrites
PMID:24794856
reduction in the anterograde vesicle trafficking indicative of impaired axonal transport
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
PMID:24794856
colocalized with cytoskeletal and synaptic vesicle (SV) markers
PMID:24794856
SPG11 is implicated in axonal maintenance and cargo trafficking
GO:0005765 lysosomal membrane
HDA
PMID:17897319
Integral and associated lysosomal membrane proteins.
ACCEPT
Summary: Lysosomal membrane association is supported by proteomic evidence and is consistent with SPG11-dependent lysosomal membrane remodeling/recycling.
Reason: Retain as a core endolysosomal membrane location, while noting that recent work also supports ER-associated pools.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17897319
identified 58 proteins, known to reside at least partially in the lysosomal membrane
PMID:40175557
SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
PMID:40175557
AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
PMID:37871017
spatacsin is an ER-resident protein regulating the formation of tubular lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin-regulated degradation of AP5Z1 controls the directionality of lysosomes trafficking
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:21545838
Cellular distribution and subcellular localization of spatac...
ACCEPT
Summary: SPG11/spatacsin is mainly cytoplasmic and functions as a cytoplasmic/peripheral membrane-associated endolysosomal remodeling factor.
Reason: Retain cytoplasm as a core broad location, while relying on ER, late endosome, lysosome, and lysosomal membrane terms for more specific context.
Supporting Evidence:
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Cytoplasm, cytosol
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Mainly cytoplasmic
PMID:37871017
spatacsin is an ER-resident protein regulating the formation of tubular lysosomes
PMID:37871017
spatacsin-regulated degradation of AP5Z1 controls the directionality of lysosomes trafficking
GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle
IDA
PMID:21545838
Cellular distribution and subcellular localization of spatac...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cytoplasmic vesicle localization is supported by early antibody localization, but the informative locations are ER, late endosome, lysosome, and lysosomal membrane.
Reason: Retain as non-core/broad vesicular context rather than a defining location.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21545838
diffuse punctate, cytoplasmic
PMID:21545838
protein-trafficking vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum and microtubules
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20613862
A genome-scale DNA repair RNAi screen identifies SPG48 as a ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The interaction evidence supports AP5/SPG15/SPG11 network membership, but generic protein binding is not an informative retained function.
Reason: Use the later endolysosomal membrane-remodeling terms for the functional complex; do not retain generic binding as a function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20613862
putative helicase that interacts with SPG11 and SPG15
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-uniprot.txt
Interacts with AP5Z1, AP5B1, AP5S1 and ZFYVE26
file:human/SPG11/SPG11-notes.md
Generic `GO:0005515 protein binding` is overused in this record.

Core Functions

AP5-SPG11-SPG15-dependent organization and remodeling of late endosomal/lysosomal membranes during autophagic lysosome reformation, lysosomal tubulation, and lysosome membrane recycling.

Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:25365221
    the SPG15 protein spastizin and the SPG11 protein spatacsin, are pivotal for autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR)
  • PMID:25365221
    spastizin and spatacsin were essential components for the initiation of lysosomal tubulation
  • PMID:40175557
    SPG11-SPG15 can cooperate with the fifth adaptor protein complex (AP5) involved in membrane sorting of late endosomes
  • PMID:40175557
    AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex can bind PI3P molecules, sense membrane curvature and drive membrane remodeling in vitro
  • PMID:29949766
    spatacsin, which is required for lysosome recycling
  • PMID:29949766
    spatacsin acts downstream of clathrin and recruits dynamin to allow lysosome membrane recycling and clearance of gangliosides from lysosomes
  • PMID:37871017
    spatacsin is an ER-resident protein regulating the formation of tubular lysosomes
  • PMID:37871017
    spatacsin-regulated degradation of AP5Z1 controls the directionality of lysosomes trafficking
  • PMID:23825025
    the four AP-5 subunits can be coimmunoprecipitated with SPG11 and SPG15
  • PMID:23825025
    AP-5, SPG11, and SPG15 colocalize on a late endosomal/lysosomal compartment
  • PMID:23825025
    AP-5, SPG15, and SPG11 form a coat-like complex

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Should GO add an autophagic lysosome reformation term under lysosome organization so SPG11, SPG15, KIF5B, PIP5K1B, and related ALR factors can be annotated without overusing broad lysosome organization?

Suggested experts: Li Yu, Craig Blackstone, GO biological process editors

Q: Should SPG11 be annotated to a complex/scaffold molecular function, or should AP5-SPG11-SPG15 activity be represented only through biological process terms such as lysosomal membrane organization and membrane bending?

Suggested experts: Margaret Robinson, Yong Ma, GO molecular function editors

Q: What is the best GO representation for SPG11-dependent AP5Z1 degradation and control of lysosome trafficking directionality in neurons?

Suggested experts: Frederic Darios, Giovanni Stevanin, GO biological process editors

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Rescue SPG11-null cells with SPG11 mutants defective in AP-5/SPG15 binding and quantify ALR after starvation-refeeding, including autolysosome tubulation, free lysosome regeneration, and lysosome membrane recycling.

Hypothesis: AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex assembly is required for SPG11-dependent autophagic lysosome reformation and lysosomal membrane organization.

Type: genetic rescue/live-cell lysosome imaging

Experiment: Measure membrane curvature sensing and remodeling by purified AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complexes with SPG11 interface mutants on PI3P-containing liposomes.

Hypothesis: SPG11 contributes directly to PI3P-dependent membrane remodeling as part of the AP5-SPG11-SPG15 complex.

Type: in vitro membrane remodeling/structural biochemistry

Experiment: Track lysosome movement in polarized neurons after perturbing SPG11, AP5Z1 degradation, KIF13A, and dynein/dynactin interactions while separately scoring axonal synaptic vesicle transport.

Hypothesis: SPG11-dependent ER/lysosome membrane remodeling controls lysosome trafficking directionality independently from broader synaptic vesicle transport phenotypes.

Type: neuronal live imaging/rescue epistasis

πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(SPG11-notes.md)

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Pn Notes

(SPG11-pn-notes.md)

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