STX12 encodes syntaxin-12/syntaxin-13, a syntaxin-family SNARE on endosomal, early endosomal, recycling endosomal, and Golgi membranes. Its core function is SNAP receptor/SNARE-mediated vesicle docking and membrane fusion in endosomal recycling and intracellular membrane traffic. Direct evidence also supports a role at LC3-positive phagophores/autophagosome assembly or maturation, likely as an autophagy-specific output of its SNARE trafficking activity. STX12 is distinct from ESCRT-III machinery.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000149 SNARE binding | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | MODIFY | Summary: The annotation reflects real SNARE-partner interactions, but SNAP receptor activity is the more informative molecular-function term for syntaxin-12. Reason: STX12 is a syntaxin-family SNARE whose core role is SNAP receptor/SNARE activity in vesicle docking and membrane fusion; SNARE binding alone is less precise. Proposed replacements: SNAP receptor activity Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. UniProt:Q86Y82 Together with SNARE STX6, promotes movement of vesicles from endosomes to the cell membrane PMID:19546860 including SNAP-25 and syntaxin 13, was demonstrated |
| GO:0008021 synaptic vesicle | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Supported or plausible neuronal/endosomal recycling context, but not the primary conserved STX12 function: synaptic vesicle. Reason: The main conserved role is endosomal/recycling SNARE-mediated vesicle docking and fusion; synaptic/postsynaptic rows are specialized neuronal contexts. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. UniProt:Q86Y82 Together with SNARE STX6, promotes movement of vesicles from endosomes to the cell membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit |
| GO:0098837 postsynaptic recycling endosome | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Supported or plausible neuronal/endosomal recycling context, but not the primary conserved STX12 function: postsynaptic recycling endosome. Reason: The main conserved role is endosomal/recycling SNARE-mediated vesicle docking and fusion; synaptic/postsynaptic rows are specialized neuronal contexts. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. UniProt:Q86Y82 Together with SNARE STX6, promotes movement of vesicles from endosomes to the cell membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit |
| GO:0030672 synaptic vesicle membrane | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Supported or plausible neuronal/endosomal recycling context, but not the primary conserved STX12 function: synaptic vesicle membrane. Reason: The main conserved role is endosomal/recycling SNARE-mediated vesicle docking and fusion; synaptic/postsynaptic rows are specialized neuronal contexts. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. UniProt:Q86Y82 Together with SNARE STX6, promotes movement of vesicles from endosomes to the cell membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 controls the intracellular fate of AMPAR and the endosomal sorting of the GRIA2 subunit |
| GO:0000045 autophagosome assembly | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Directly supported PN-relevant autophagy context for STX12: autophagosome assembly. Reason: PMID:24095276 directly supports STX13/STX12 localization to LC3-positive phagophores and a requirement for autophagic flux/phagophore maturation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:24095276 Knockdown of syntaxin 13 (STX13) or its binding partner Vti1a in mammalian cells caused LC3-positive puncta to accumulate PMID:24095276 participates in the maturation of phagophores into closed autophagosomes |
| GO:0048278 vesicle docking | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | MODIFY | Summary: STX12 vesicle-trafficking/SNARE function annotated to the now-obsolete BP GO:0048278 vesicle docking. Reason: GO:0048278 vesicle docking was obsoleted (GO release 2026-07-26) because it represents a molecular function; GO directs annotations to GO:0160321 vesicle docking activity or GO:7770062 vesicle membrane tethering activity. STX12 is a syntaxin (Qa) SNARE whose molecular contribution to docking and fusion is SNARE-complex assembly on the target membrane, which is captured by GO:0005484 SNAP receptor activity (already its core MF), not by a separate docking-adaptor or tether activity. The process context is retained by the existing membrane fusion and endocytic recycling terms. This row is an IBA from PANTHER node PTN000461349, so the repoint is a claim about what that node asserts. PAINT has already made the same call: in current GOA (QuickGO, 2026-09-26) the GO:0048278 IBA is gone from STX12 and the node instead propagates GO:0005484 SNAP receptor activity (IBA, GO_REF:0000033, with PANTHER:PTN000461349, dated 2026-05-29); no GO:0160321 IBA was placed on the node. That new IBA is a different row from the InterPro IEA GO:0005484 row accepted below, so the MODIFY is a repoint to the node's current assertion, not a duplicate of the IEA row. On the GO:0160321 definition ("directly mediates the stable attachment of a transport vesicle to a target membrane, bringing the two membranes into close apposition"): the term's GO comment places docking activity after tethering and before fusogenic activity in the vesicle fusion pathway. Trans-SNARE zippering is the fusogenic step that drives the membranes together, and that step is what GO:0005484 describes. A syntaxin can carry GO:0160321 when there is docking-specific evidence; in current GOA, mouse Stx1b carries it by IMP (PMID:18703708, PMID:24587181) and Stxbp1/Unc13 carry it by IMP/IGI. STX12 has no such evidence: its data are endosomal SNARE-complex formation, recycling and autophagosome maturation, so the docking-activity MF is not supported for this gene. Proposed replacements: SNAP receptor activity Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. UniProt:Q86Y82 Together with SNARE STX6, promotes movement of vesicles from endosomes to the cell membrane PMID:19546860 proteins that control membrane fusion |
| GO:0000139 Golgi membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core localization for an endosomal/recycling syntaxin SNARE: Golgi membrane. Reason: These locations match the UniProt-supported endosome, early endosome, recycling endosome, and Golgi membrane localization of STX12. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Golgi apparatus membrane |
| GO:0005484 SNAP receptor activity | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core STX12 vesicle-trafficking/SNARE function: SNAP receptor activity. Reason: STX12 is a syntaxin SNARE that promotes endosomal vesicle movement, docking, and fusion with target membranes. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. UniProt:Q86Y82 Together with SNARE STX6, promotes movement of vesicles from endosomes to the cell membrane PMID:19546860 proteins that control membrane fusion |
| GO:0006886 intracellular protein transport | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core STX12 vesicle-trafficking/SNARE function: intracellular protein transport. Reason: STX12 is a syntaxin SNARE that promotes endosomal vesicle movement, docking, and fusion with target membranes. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. UniProt:Q86Y82 Together with SNARE STX6, promotes movement of vesicles from endosomes to the cell membrane PMID:19546860 proteins that control membrane fusion |
| GO:0010008 endosome membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core localization for an endosomal/recycling syntaxin SNARE: endosome membrane. Reason: These locations match the UniProt-supported endosome, early endosome, recycling endosome, and Golgi membrane localization of STX12. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Golgi apparatus membrane |
| GO:0012505 endomembrane system | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: True but broad localization for membrane-associated STX12: endomembrane system. Reason: More specific endosome, early/recycling endosome membrane, Golgi membrane, and phagophore locations better capture STX12 biology. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane PMID:24095276 Knockdown of syntaxin 13 (STX13) or its binding partner Vti1a in mammalian cells caused LC3-positive puncta to accumulate |
| GO:0016020 membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000120 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: True but broad localization for membrane-associated STX12: membrane. Reason: More specific endosome, early/recycling endosome membrane, Golgi membrane, and phagophore locations better capture STX12 biology. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane PMID:24095276 Knockdown of syntaxin 13 (STX13) or its binding partner Vti1a in mammalian cells caused LC3-positive puncta to accumulate |
| GO:0016192 vesicle-mediated transport | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core STX12 vesicle-trafficking/SNARE function: vesicle-mediated transport. Reason: STX12 is a syntaxin SNARE that promotes endosomal vesicle movement, docking, and fusion with target membranes. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. UniProt:Q86Y82 Together with SNARE STX6, promotes movement of vesicles from endosomes to the cell membrane PMID:19546860 proteins that control membrane fusion |
| GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle | IEA GO_REF:0000117 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: True but broad localization for membrane-associated STX12: cytoplasmic vesicle. Reason: More specific endosome, early/recycling endosome membrane, Golgi membrane, and phagophore locations better capture STX12 biology. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane PMID:24095276 Knockdown of syntaxin 13 (STX13) or its binding partner Vti1a in mammalian cells caused LC3-positive puncta to accumulate |
| GO:0031901 early endosome membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core localization for an endosomal/recycling syntaxin SNARE: early endosome membrane. Reason: These locations match the UniProt-supported endosome, early endosome, recycling endosome, and Golgi membrane localization of STX12. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Golgi apparatus membrane |
| GO:0055038 recycling endosome membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core localization for an endosomal/recycling syntaxin SNARE: recycling endosome membrane. Reason: These locations match the UniProt-supported endosome, early endosome, recycling endosome, and Golgi membrane localization of STX12. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Golgi apparatus membrane |
| GO:0061025 membrane fusion | IEA GO_REF:0000108 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core STX12 vesicle-trafficking/SNARE function: membrane fusion. Reason: STX12 is a syntaxin SNARE that promotes endosomal vesicle movement, docking, and fusion with target membranes. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. UniProt:Q86Y82 Together with SNARE STX6, promotes movement of vesicles from endosomes to the cell membrane PMID:19546860 proteins that control membrane fusion |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:15469992 Association of ABCA1 with syntaxin 13 and flotillin-1 and en... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. PMID:15469992 ABCA1 forms a complex with syntaxin 13 and flotillin-1 |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:25416956 A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:26359495 The Q-soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-sensitive Factor Attachment P... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:28514442 Architecture of the human interactome defines protein commun... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:31515488 Extensive disruption of protein interactions by genetic vari... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:32296183 A reference map of the human binary protein interactome. | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:33961781 Dual proteome-scale networks reveal cell-specific remodeling... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:35271311 OpenCell: Endogenous tagging for the cartography of human ce... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:40205054 Multimodal cell maps as a foundation for structural and func... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. |
| GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus | IDA GO_REF:0000052 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core localization for an endosomal/recycling syntaxin SNARE: Golgi apparatus. Reason: These locations match the UniProt-supported endosome, early endosome, recycling endosome, and Golgi membrane localization of STX12. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Golgi apparatus membrane |
| GO:0000139 Golgi membrane | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core localization for an endosomal/recycling syntaxin SNARE: Golgi membrane. Reason: These locations match the UniProt-supported endosome, early endosome, recycling endosome, and Golgi membrane localization of STX12. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Golgi apparatus membrane |
| GO:0010008 endosome membrane | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core localization for an endosomal/recycling syntaxin SNARE: endosome membrane. Reason: These locations match the UniProt-supported endosome, early endosome, recycling endosome, and Golgi membrane localization of STX12. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Golgi apparatus membrane |
| GO:0012505 endomembrane system | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: True but broad localization for membrane-associated STX12: endomembrane system. Reason: More specific endosome, early/recycling endosome membrane, Golgi membrane, and phagophore locations better capture STX12 biology. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane PMID:24095276 Knockdown of syntaxin 13 (STX13) or its binding partner Vti1a in mammalian cells caused LC3-positive puncta to accumulate |
| GO:0031901 early endosome membrane | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core localization for an endosomal/recycling syntaxin SNARE: early endosome membrane. Reason: These locations match the UniProt-supported endosome, early endosome, recycling endosome, and Golgi membrane localization of STX12. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Golgi apparatus membrane |
| GO:0055038 recycling endosome membrane | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core localization for an endosomal/recycling syntaxin SNARE: recycling endosome membrane. Reason: These locations match the UniProt-supported endosome, early endosome, recycling endosome, and Golgi membrane localization of STX12. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Golgi apparatus membrane |
| GO:0032456 endocytic recycling | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core STX12 vesicle-trafficking/SNARE function: endocytic recycling. Reason: STX12 is a syntaxin SNARE that promotes endosomal vesicle movement, docking, and fusion with target membranes. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. UniProt:Q86Y82 Together with SNARE STX6, promotes movement of vesicles from endosomes to the cell membrane PMID:19546860 proteins that control membrane fusion |
| GO:0055037 recycling endosome | ISS GO_REF:0000024 | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported core localization for an endosomal/recycling syntaxin SNARE: recycling endosome. Reason: These locations match the UniProt-supported endosome, early endosome, recycling endosome, and Golgi membrane localization of STX12. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Recycling endosome membrane UniProt:Q86Y82 Golgi apparatus membrane |
| GO:0000045 autophagosome assembly | IMP PMID:24095276 Syntaxin 13, a genetic modifier of mutant CHMP2B in frontote... | ACCEPT | Summary: Directly supported PN-relevant autophagy context for STX12: autophagosome assembly. Reason: PMID:24095276 directly supports STX13/STX12 localization to LC3-positive phagophores and a requirement for autophagic flux/phagophore maturation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:24095276 Knockdown of syntaxin 13 (STX13) or its binding partner Vti1a in mammalian cells caused LC3-positive puncta to accumulate PMID:24095276 participates in the maturation of phagophores into closed autophagosomes |
| GO:0000407 phagophore assembly site | IMP PMID:24095276 Syntaxin 13, a genetic modifier of mutant CHMP2B in frontote... | ACCEPT | Summary: Directly supported PN-relevant autophagy context for STX12: phagophore assembly site. Reason: PMID:24095276 directly supports STX13/STX12 localization to LC3-positive phagophores and a requirement for autophagic flux/phagophore maturation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:24095276 Knockdown of syntaxin 13 (STX13) or its binding partner Vti1a in mammalian cells caused LC3-positive puncta to accumulate PMID:24095276 participates in the maturation of phagophores into closed autophagosomes |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:24095276 Syntaxin 13, a genetic modifier of mutant CHMP2B in frontote... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. PMID:24095276 Knockdown of syntaxin 13 (STX13) or its binding partner Vti1a |
| GO:0031982 vesicle | IMP PMID:24095276 Syntaxin 13, a genetic modifier of mutant CHMP2B in frontote... | MODIFY | Summary: The vesicle localization is supported but too broad for the direct autophagy evidence. Reason: The same study more specifically places STX13/STX12 on LC3-positive phagophores; phagophore assembly site is the better location term. Proposed replacements: phagophore assembly site Supporting Evidence: PMID:24095276 Knockdown of syntaxin 13 (STX13) or its binding partner Vti1a in mammalian cells caused LC3-positive puncta to accumulate PMID:24095276 participates in the maturation of phagophores into closed autophagosomes |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:19546860 The dysbindin-containing complex (BLOC-1) in brain: developm... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. PMID:19546860 including SNAP-25 and syntaxin 13, was demonstrated |
| GO:0031201 SNARE complex | IDA PMID:19546860 The dysbindin-containing complex (BLOC-1) in brain: developm... | ACCEPT | Summary: Supported as a core SNARE-complex context for syntaxin-12. Reason: STX12 is a SNARE and UniProt reports complex formation with STX6, VAMP4, and VTI1A; the BLOC-1 paper also discusses syntaxin 13-containing SNARE complexes. Supporting Evidence: UniProt:Q86Y82 Identified in a complex containing STX6, STX12, VAMP4 and VTI1A PMID:19546860 SNARE complex containing both syntaxin 13 and SNAP-25 |
| GO:0031083 BLOC-1 complex | IDA PMID:19546860 The dysbindin-containing complex (BLOC-1) in brain: developm... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: BLOC-1 association is supported but is a non-core interaction/localization context for STX12. Reason: STX12 interacts with BLOC-1-linked trafficking machinery, but it is not a BLOC-1 complex subunit and this should not define its core function. Supporting Evidence: PMID:19546860 including SNAP-25 and syntaxin 13, was demonstrated PMID:19546860 BLOC-1... involved in intracellular membrane trafficking and organelle biogenesis |
| GO:0005515 protein binding | IPI PMID:12191018 Pallidin is a component of a multi-protein complex involved ... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The underlying interaction may be real, but GO:0005515 is too generic to describe STX12 molecular function. Reason: STX12 function is better captured by SNAP receptor activity, SNARE complex context, vesicle docking, membrane fusion, and endosomal/autophagy trafficking terms. Supporting Evidence: file:human/STX12/STX12-notes.md Generic `protein binding` rows should be marked over-annotated even when the interaction itself is real. UniProt:Q86Y82 SNARE promoting fusion of transport vesicles with target membranes. |
| GO:0033344 cholesterol efflux | IDA PMID:15469992 Association of ABCA1 with syntaxin 13 and flotillin-1 and en... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Supported ABCA1/macrophage context, but non-core for STX12: cholesterol efflux. Reason: PMID:15469992 supports a direct ABCA1/cholesterol/phagocytosis context, but this is cargo- and cell-context-specific relative to STX12 core SNARE trafficking. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15469992 ABCA1 forms a complex with syntaxin 13 and flotillin-1 PMID:15469992 Silencing of syntaxin 13 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to reduced ABCA1 protein levels |
| GO:0045121 membrane raft | IDA PMID:15469992 Association of ABCA1 with syntaxin 13 and flotillin-1 and en... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Supported ABCA1/macrophage context, but non-core for STX12: membrane raft. Reason: PMID:15469992 supports a direct ABCA1/cholesterol/phagocytosis context, but this is cargo- and cell-context-specific relative to STX12 core SNARE trafficking. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15469992 ABCA1 forms a complex with syntaxin 13 and flotillin-1 PMID:15469992 Silencing of syntaxin 13 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to reduced ABCA1 protein levels |
| GO:0045335 phagocytic vesicle | IDA PMID:15469992 Association of ABCA1 with syntaxin 13 and flotillin-1 and en... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: Supported ABCA1/macrophage context, but non-core for STX12: phagocytic vesicle. Reason: PMID:15469992 supports a direct ABCA1/cholesterol/phagocytosis context, but this is cargo- and cell-context-specific relative to STX12 core SNARE trafficking. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15469992 ABCA1 forms a complex with syntaxin 13 and flotillin-1 PMID:15469992 Silencing of syntaxin 13 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to reduced ABCA1 protein levels |
| GO:0050821 protein stabilization | IDA PMID:15469992 Association of ABCA1 with syntaxin 13 and flotillin-1 and en... | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: The ABCA1 experiment supports a specific effect on ABCA1 stability, not a general STX12 protein-stabilization function. Reason: This row overgeneralizes a context-specific ABCA1 phenotype; STX12 core function is SNARE-mediated trafficking. Supporting Evidence: PMID:15469992 ABCA1 forms a complex with syntaxin 13 and flotillin-1 PMID:15469992 Silencing of syntaxin 13 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to reduced ABCA1 protein levels |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Q: Is the STX12 autophagy role best represented as autophagosome assembly/phagophore closure, or should a more specific autophagosome maturation term be used when GO definitions allow it?
Q: Which SNARE partners define the STX12 complex during phagophore maturation: VTI1A, STX6, SNAP29, SNAP47, or a distinct autophagy-specific SNARE set?
Q: Does STX12 act upstream of ESCRT-III dysfunction only through membrane traffic, or does it physically coordinate with ESCRT-associated machinery during phagophore closure?
Experiment: Rescue STX12 knockdown in autophagy assays with wild-type STX12 and SNARE-domain or membrane-anchor mutants, measuring LC3 turnover, Atg5 puncta, and closed autophagosome formation.
Hypothesis: The autophagy phenotype depends on STX12 SNARE activity and membrane targeting rather than a scaffolding-only interaction.
Experiment: Define endogenous STX12-containing SNARE complexes during basal and induced autophagy using proximity labeling or immunoprecipitation under crosslinking conditions.
Hypothesis: STX12 uses a context-specific SNARE-partner set at phagophores that differs from its endosomal recycling complexes.
Experiment: Test whether STX12 perturbation changes ESCRT-III recruitment, persistence, or turnover at autophagy-related membranes after CHMP2B perturbation.
Hypothesis: STX12 modifies ESCRT-III-linked autophagy phenotypes indirectly through phagophore membrane traffic rather than by being an ESCRT-III complex component.
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