TERT

UniProt ID: O14746
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) is the catalytic protein subunit of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for telomere maintenance. TERT catalyzes the template-directed addition of TTAGGG repeats to the 3' ends of telomeres using RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity, with the telomerase RNA component (TERC) providing the template. The enzyme operates as part of the telomerase holoenzyme complex containing TERT, TERC, DKC1, NOP10, NHP2, GAR1, and WRAP53/TCAB1. TERT is essential for cellular immortalization and is reactivated in ~90% of cancers. Beyond telomere maintenance, TERT exhibits non-canonical functions including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity when complexed with RMRP RNA, modulation of Wnt signaling, mitochondrial DNA protection, and regulation of cellular senescence and apoptosis. Germline mutations in TERT cause dyskeratosis congenita, aplastic anemia, and pulmonary fibrosis due to defective telomere maintenance.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
IDA
PMID:9398860
Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template RNA com...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core enzymatic activity of TERT. The defining molecular function - catalyzes addition of TTAGGG repeats to telomeres using the TERC RNA template.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9398860
in vitro transcription and translation of hTRT when co-synthesized or mixed with hTR reconstitutes telomerase activity
file:human/TERT/TERT-deep-research-openai.md
See deep research file for comprehensive analysis
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
IDA
PMID:9443919
Reconstitution of human telomerase activity in vitro.
ACCEPT
Summary: Additional evidence for telomerase activity from independent reconstitution study.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9443919
only exogenous hTR and TP2 are required for telomerase activity in vitro
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Phylogenetic inference supports telomerase activity.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Automated annotation supports telomerase activity.
GO:0003964 RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Core molecular function - TERT is a reverse transcriptase that synthesizes DNA using RNA template.
GO:0070034 telomerase RNA binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Essential for telomerase function - TERT binds to TERC which provides the template for telomere synthesis.
GO:0070034 telomerase RNA binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: Ortholog transfer.
GO:0042162 telomeric DNA binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT binds to telomeric DNA substrate for extension.
GO:0046872 metal ion binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT requires metal ions (Mg2+) for catalysis, but this is generic.
Reason: Required for catalysis but not specifically informative about function
GO:0003968 RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity
IDA
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Non-canonical function - TERT forms complex with RMRP RNA that exhibits RdRP activity.
Reason: Non-canonical function when complexed with RMRP, not TERC
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
Human TERT and RMRP form a distinct ribonucleoprotein complex that has RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity and produces double-stranded RNAs that can be processed into small interfering RNA in a Dicer (also known as DICER1)-dependent manner
GO:0000333 telomerase catalytic core complex
IDA
PMID:9398860
Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template RNA com...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core complex - TERT forms the catalytic core with TERC.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9398860
in vitro transcription and translation of hTRT when co-synthesized or mixed with hTR reconstitutes telomerase activity
GO:0000333 telomerase catalytic core complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Phylogenetic inference.
GO:0000333 telomerase catalytic core complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: Ortholog transfer.
GO:0005697 telomerase holoenzyme complex
IDA
PMID:29695869
Cryo-EM structure of substrate-bound human telomerase holoen...
ACCEPT
Summary: Complete holoenzyme complex containing TERT, TERC, DKC1, NOP10, NHP2, GAR1, and WRAP53/TCAB1.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29695869
Apr 25. Cryo-EM structure of substrate-bound human telomerase holoenzyme.
GO:1990572 TERT-RMRP complex
IDA
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Distinct complex from telomerase, TERT with RMRP RNA for RdRP activity.
Reason: Non-canonical complex with RMRP
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
Human TERT and RMRP form a distinct ribonucleoprotein complex that has RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity and produces double-stranded RNAs that can be processed into small interfering RNA in a Dicer (also known as DICER1)-dependent manner
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: Primary localization. TERT shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
ACCEPT
Summary: Primary nuclear localization is in nucleoplasm.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-163090
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome pathway annotation for telomere elongation.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: UniProt subcellular location.
GO:0005730 nucleolus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT localizes to nucleolus for holoenzyme assembly.
GO:0000781 chromosome, telomeric region
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT is recruited to telomeres.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT can be cytoplasmic under certain conditions.
Reason: Condition-dependent localization
GO:0005739 mitochondrion
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT has non-canonical function in mitochondria protecting mtDNA.
Reason: Non-canonical localization for mtDNA protection
GO:0007004 telomere maintenance via telomerase
IDA
PMID:9443919
Reconstitution of human telomerase activity in vitro.
ACCEPT
Summary: Primary biological process - TERT maintains telomeres by adding TTAGGG repeats.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9443919
only exogenous hTR and TP2 are required for telomerase activity in vitro
GO:0007004 telomere maintenance via telomerase
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Phylogenetic inference.
GO:0030177 positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Non-canonical function - TERT modulates Wnt signaling.
Reason: Non-canonical transcriptional regulatory function
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19571879
The telomerase protein component TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase) interacts with BRG1 (also called SMARCA4), a SWI/SNF-related chromatin remodelling protein, and activates Wnt-dependent reporters in cultured cells and in vivo
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT has anti-apoptotic effects via telomere maintenance.
Reason: Secondary effect of telomere maintenance
GO:0000723 telomere maintenance
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Parent term of telomere maintenance via telomerase. More specific child term is preferred.
Reason: More specific child term GO:0007004 (telomere maintenance via telomerase) is annotated
GO:0003677 DNA binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic term - more specific telomeric DNA binding is annotated for canonical function.
Reason: More specific GO:0042162 (telomeric DNA binding) is preferred, but DNA binding is retained as non-core
GO:0016605 PML body
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT localizes to PML bodies under certain conditions, interacts with PML-IV.
Reason: Condition-dependent localization for regulation
GO:0016740 transferase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Too generic - more specific telomerase activity is annotated.
Reason: More specific child term GO:0003720 (telomerase activity) is annotated
GO:0016779 nucleotidyltransferase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Too generic - more specific telomerase activity is annotated.
Reason: More specific child term GO:0003720 (telomerase activity) is annotated
GO:0034061 DNA polymerase activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000116
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic term - TERT is specifically an RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase).
Reason: More specific GO:0003964 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity) is annotated
GO:1990904 ribonucleoprotein complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Too generic - more specific telomerase complex terms are annotated.
Reason: More specific terms GO:0000333 and GO:0005697 are annotated
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15381700
Characterization of interactions between PinX1 and human tel...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with PinX1 - generic protein binding term is uninformative.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic; the specific interaction with PinX1 is already captured
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15381700
2004 Sep 20. Characterization of interactions between PinX1 and human telomerase subunits hTERT and hTR.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17237767
TPP1 is a homologue of ciliate TEBP-beta and interacts with ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with TPP1 for telomerase recruitment - generic term is uninformative.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic; TPP1 interaction is part of shelterin recruitment
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17237767
TPP1 is a homologue of ciliate TEBP-beta and interacts with POT1 to recruit telomerase.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18358808
Identification of ATPases pontin and reptin as telomerase co...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with Pontin/Reptin AAA+ ATPases for holoenzyme assembly.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18358808
Identification of ATPases pontin and reptin as telomerase components essential for holoenzyme assembly.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19567472
PML-IV functions as a negative regulator of telomerase by in...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with PML-IV for telomerase inhibition.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19567472
Jun 30. PML-IV functions as a negative regulator of telomerase by interacting with TERT.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19571879
Telomerase modulates Wnt signalling by association with targ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with BRG1 for Wnt signaling modulation.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic; non-canonical Wnt function captured elsewhere
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19571879
Telomerase modulates Wnt signalling by association with target gene chromatin.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19843693
HPV E6 protein interacts physically and functionally with th...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with HPV E6 protein.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19843693
HPV E6 protein interacts physically and functionally with the cellular telomerase complex.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21829167
Human UPF1 interacts with TPP1 and telomerase and sustains t...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with UPF1 for telomere replication.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21829167
Human UPF1 interacts with TPP1 and telomerase and sustains telomere leading-strand replication.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24550003
Involvement of telomerase reverse transcriptase in heterochr...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction involved in heterochromatin maintenance.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24550003
Feb 18. Involvement of telomerase reverse transcriptase in heterochromatin maintenance.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:28255170
Nucleophosmin Interacts with PIN2/TERF1-interacting Telomera...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with nucleophosmin and PinX1.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28255170
Nucleophosmin Interacts with PIN2/TERF1-interacting Telomerase Inhibitor 1 (PinX1) and Attenuates the PinX1 Inhibition on Telomerase Activity.
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IPI
PMID:23474713
Structure of active dimeric human telomerase.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT forms functional dimers. Important for telomerase activity regulation.
Reason: Dimerization is part of telomerase regulation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23474713
Mar 10. Structure of active dimeric human telomerase.
GO:0001223 transcription coactivator binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT binds BRG1 for Wnt signaling modulation - non-canonical function.
Reason: Non-canonical function in gene regulation
GO:0003723 RNA binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic term - more specific telomerase RNA binding is annotated.
Reason: More specific GO:0070034 (telomerase RNA binding) is annotated
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
REMOVE
Summary: Unlikely localization for TERT - nuclear/nucleolar protein.
Reason: No strong evidence for plasma membrane localization
GO:0007507 heart development
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Downstream pleiotropic effect, not core function.
Reason: Downstream effect of telomere maintenance in cardiac progenitors
GO:0042635 positive regulation of hair cycle
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Downstream pleiotropic effect in hair follicle stem cells.
Reason: Downstream effect in stem cells, not core function
GO:0043524 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Downstream anti-apoptotic effect.
Reason: Downstream effect of telomere maintenance
GO:0045766 positive regulation of angiogenesis
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Downstream pleiotropic effect in endothelial cells.
Reason: Downstream effect of telomere maintenance in endothelial cells
GO:0046686 response to cadmium ion
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Stress response involving TERT - not core function.
Reason: Indirect stress response
GO:0071456 cellular response to hypoxia
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT is regulated by and responds to hypoxia. Non-canonical function.
Reason: TERT nuclear export under hypoxia is documented
GO:1900087 positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Downstream effect of telomere maintenance enabling cell cycle progression.
Reason: Downstream effect of telomere maintenance
GO:1903620 positive regulation of transdifferentiation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Downstream pleiotropic effect.
Reason: Downstream effect, not core function
GO:1904707 positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Downstream effect in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Reason: Downstream effect of telomere maintenance
GO:1904754 positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Downstream effect in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Reason: Downstream effect of telomere maintenance
GO:2000352 negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Anti-apoptotic effect in endothelial cells.
Reason: Downstream effect of telomere maintenance
GO:2000648 positive regulation of stem cell proliferation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT enables stem cell proliferation through telomere maintenance.
Reason: Important for stem cell maintenance but downstream of core function
GO:0005829 cytosol
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT can be cytoplasmic before nuclear import or under certain regulatory conditions.
Reason: Transient localization before nuclear import
GO:0016607 nuclear speck
IDA
GO_REF:0000052
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT may localize to nuclear speckles as part of nuclear organization.
Reason: Secondary localization site
GO:0000722 telomere maintenance via recombination
NAS
PMID:20351177
Specificity and stoichiometry of subunit interactions in the...
REMOVE
Summary: This is ALT pathway - TERT functions in telomerase-mediated maintenance, not recombination.
Reason: TERT is not involved in recombination-based ALT; this is the alternative to telomerase
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20351177
Mar 29. Specificity and stoichiometry of subunit interactions in the human telomerase holoenzyme assembled in vivo.
GO:0007004 telomere maintenance via telomerase
NAS
PMID:20351177
Specificity and stoichiometry of subunit interactions in the...
ACCEPT
Summary: Additional evidence for core telomerase function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20351177
Mar 29. Specificity and stoichiometry of subunit interactions in the human telomerase holoenzyme assembled in vivo.
GO:0030422 siRNA processing
IDA
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Non-canonical function via TERT-RMRP complex producing dsRNA processed by Dicer.
Reason: Non-canonical RdRP function when complexed with RMRP
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA.
GO:0003723 RNA binding
IPI
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: RNA binding in context of RMRP interaction - more specific term preferred.
Reason: More specific telomerase RNA binding is annotated
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25172512
The shelterin component TPP1 is a binding partner and substr...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with TPP1 and USP7.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25172512
2014 Aug 29. The shelterin component TPP1 is a binding partner and substrate for the deubiquitinating enzyme USP7.
GO:0140745 siRNA transcription
IDA
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Non-canonical function via TERT-RMRP complex producing dsRNA precursors to siRNA.
Reason: Non-canonical RdRP function when complexed with RMRP
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA.
GO:0006606 protein import into nucleus
IMP
PMID:25999477
Akt-mediated phosphorylation increases the binding affinity ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT nuclear import is regulated by Akt phosphorylation of Ser227.
Reason: Regulatory process for TERT localization
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25999477
May 21. Akt-mediated phosphorylation increases the binding affinity of hTERT for importin Ξ± to promote nuclear translocation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21846770
The DEAH-box RNA helicase RHAU binds an intramolecular RNA G...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with RHAU helicase.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21846770
2011 Aug 16. The DEAH-box RNA helicase RHAU binds an intramolecular RNA G-quadruplex in TERC and associates with telomerase holoenzyme.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
IDA
PMID:29695869
Cryo-EM structure of substrate-bound human telomerase holoen...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core function confirmed by cryo-EM structure of substrate-bound telomerase.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29695869
Apr 25. Cryo-EM structure of substrate-bound human telomerase holoenzyme.
GO:0007004 telomere maintenance via telomerase
IDA
PMID:29695869
Cryo-EM structure of substrate-bound human telomerase holoen...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core biological process confirmed by structural analysis.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29695869
Apr 25. Cryo-EM structure of substrate-bound human telomerase holoenzyme.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
IDA
PMID:16507993
Regulation of cellular immortalization and steady-state leve...
ACCEPT
Summary: Telomerase activity mediated by TERT C-terminal domain.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16507993
Regulation of cellular immortalization and steady-state levels of the telomerase reverse transcriptase through its carboxy-terminal domain.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
IDA
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate associa...
ACCEPT
Summary: Telomerase activity via EST1A/SMG6 interactions.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate association of human EST1A/SMG6 with telomerase.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
IDA
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factor...
ACCEPT
Summary: Telomerase activity from purified holoenzyme complexes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factors involved in telomerase biogenesis and telomere length regulation.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
TAS
PMID:23474713
Structure of active dimeric human telomerase.
ACCEPT
Summary: Telomerase activity in dimeric structure.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23474713
Mar 10. Structure of active dimeric human telomerase.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
TAS
PMID:23784080
HTLV-1 bZIP factor impedes the menin tumor suppressor and up...
ACCEPT
Summary: Telomerase activity in context of HTLV-1 regulation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23784080
Jun 19. HTLV-1 bZIP factor impedes the menin tumor suppressor and upregulates JunD-mediated transcription of the hTERT gene.
GO:0098680 template-free RNA nucleotidyltransferase activity
IDA
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Non-canonical RdRP function when complexed with RMRP.
Reason: Non-canonical function with RMRP, not TERC
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:11701125
The Pin2/TRF1-interacting protein PinX1 is a potent telomera...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with PinX1 telomerase inhibitor.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11701125
The Pin2/TRF1-interacting protein PinX1 is a potent telomerase inhibitor.
GO:0003723 RNA binding
IPI
PMID:16507993
Regulation of cellular immortalization and steady-state leve...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic term - telomerase RNA binding is more specific.
Reason: More specific GO:0070034 (telomerase RNA binding) is annotated
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16507993
Regulation of cellular immortalization and steady-state levels of the telomerase reverse transcriptase through its carboxy-terminal domain.
GO:0003723 RNA binding
IPI
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate associa...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic term - telomerase RNA binding is more specific.
Reason: More specific GO:0070034 (telomerase RNA binding) is annotated
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate association of human EST1A/SMG6 with telomerase.
GO:0003723 RNA binding
IPI
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factor...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic term - telomerase RNA binding is more specific.
Reason: More specific GO:0070034 (telomerase RNA binding) is annotated
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factors involved in telomerase biogenesis and telomere length regulation.
GO:0003723 RNA binding
IPI
PMID:20351177
Specificity and stoichiometry of subunit interactions in the...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic term - telomerase RNA binding is more specific.
Reason: More specific GO:0070034 (telomerase RNA binding) is annotated
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20351177
Mar 29. Specificity and stoichiometry of subunit interactions in the human telomerase holoenzyme assembled in vivo.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
TAS
PMID:11927518
Endothelial cell senescence in human atherosclerosis: role o...
ACCEPT
Summary: Telomerase activity in endothelial senescence context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11927518
Endothelial cell senescence in human atherosclerosis: role of telomere in endothelial dysfunction.
GO:0003964 RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
TAS
PMID:25569094
Telomerase reverse transcriptase regulates microRNAs.
ACCEPT
Summary: Core reverse transcriptase activity of TERT.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25569094
Telomerase reverse transcriptase regulates microRNAs.
GO:0042635 positive regulation of hair cycle
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Downstream pleiotropic effect from mouse orthologs.
Reason: Downstream effect in stem cells
GO:2000648 positive regulation of stem cell proliferation
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Downstream effect of telomere maintenance in stem cells.
Reason: Important for stem cell maintenance but downstream of core function
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22011238
The TPR-containing domain within Est1 homologs exhibits spec...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with EST1 homologs.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22011238
The TPR-containing domain within Est1 homologs exhibits species-specific roles in telomerase interaction and telomere length homeostasis.
GO:0005697 telomerase holoenzyme complex
TAS
PMID:10757788
In vitro assembly of human H/ACA small nucleolar RNPs reveal...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT is component of telomerase holoenzyme with H/ACA RNPs.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10757788
In vitro assembly of human H/ACA small nucleolar RNPs reveals unique features of U17 and telomerase RNAs.
GO:0005697 telomerase holoenzyme complex
TAS
PMID:22527283
An enhanced H/ACA RNP assembly mechanism for human telomeras...
ACCEPT
Summary: Enhanced H/ACA RNP assembly mechanism for telomerase.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22527283
Apr 23. An enhanced H/ACA RNP assembly mechanism for human telomerase RNA.
GO:0051087 protein-folding chaperone binding
IPI
PMID:10197982
Functional requirement of p23 and Hsp90 in telomerase comple...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT requires p23 and Hsp90 for proper folding and assembly.
Reason: Important for telomerase biogenesis
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10197982
Functional requirement of p23 and Hsp90 in telomerase complexes.
GO:0051087 protein-folding chaperone binding
IPI
PMID:19751963
Curcumin inhibits nuclear localization of telomerase by diss...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Curcumin dissociates Hsp90 co-chaperone p23 from TERT.
Reason: Part of telomerase assembly regulation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19751963
2009 Sep 13. Curcumin inhibits nuclear localization of telomerase by dissociating the Hsp90 co-chaperone p23 from hTERT.
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity
IPI
PMID:23474713
Structure of active dimeric human telomerase.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT forms functional homodimers for telomerase activity.
Reason: Important for telomerase regulation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23474713
Mar 10. Structure of active dimeric human telomerase.
GO:0000333 telomerase catalytic core complex
IDA
PMID:9443919
Reconstitution of human telomerase activity in vitro.
ACCEPT
Summary: Core complex formation with TERC demonstrated by reconstitution.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9443919
Reconstitution of human telomerase activity in vitro.
GO:0000781 chromosome, telomeric region
IDA
PMID:25589350
Single-strand DNA-binding protein SSB1 facilitates TERT recr...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT is recruited to telomeres via SSB1 interaction.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25589350
2015 Jan 14. Single-strand DNA-binding protein SSB1 facilitates TERT recruitment to telomeres and maintains telomere G-overhangs.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25589350
Single-strand DNA-binding protein SSB1 facilitates TERT recr...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with SSB1 for telomere recruitment.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25589350
2015 Jan 14. Single-strand DNA-binding protein SSB1 facilitates TERT recruitment to telomeres and maintains telomere G-overhangs.
GO:0070200 establishment of protein localization to telomere
IDA
PMID:25589350
Single-strand DNA-binding protein SSB1 facilitates TERT recr...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: SSB1 facilitates TERT recruitment to telomeres.
Reason: Part of telomerase recruitment mechanism
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25589350
2015 Jan 14. Single-strand DNA-binding protein SSB1 facilitates TERT recruitment to telomeres and maintains telomere G-overhangs.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:21829167
Human UPF1 interacts with TPP1 and telomerase and sustains t...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nuclear localization for telomere maintenance.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21829167
Human UPF1 interacts with TPP1 and telomerase and sustains telomere leading-strand replication.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12377759
Human Ku70/80 associates physically with telomerase through ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with Ku70/80 complex.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12377759
2002 Oct 10. Human Ku70/80 associates physically with telomerase through interaction with hTERT.
GO:0070034 telomerase RNA binding
IPI
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate associa...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT binds TERC RNA as essential component of telomerase.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate association of human EST1A/SMG6 with telomerase.
GO:0000333 telomerase catalytic core complex
IDA
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate associa...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core complex with EST1A/SMG6 interactions.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate association of human EST1A/SMG6 with telomerase.
GO:0000333 telomerase catalytic core complex
IPI
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core complex component, distinct from RMRP complex.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate associa...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with EST1A/SMG6.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate association of human EST1A/SMG6 with telomerase.
GO:0007004 telomere maintenance via telomerase
IDA
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate associa...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core biological process of TERT.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17940095
Protein RNA and protein protein interactions mediate association of human EST1A/SMG6 with telomerase.
GO:0000333 telomerase catalytic core complex
IDA
PMID:16507993
Regulation of cellular immortalization and steady-state leve...
ACCEPT
Summary: C-terminal domain required for core complex function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16507993
Regulation of cellular immortalization and steady-state levels of the telomerase reverse transcriptase through its carboxy-terminal domain.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19487455
GNL3L stabilizes the TRF1 complex and promotes mitotic trans...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with GNL3L.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19487455
GNL3L stabilizes the TRF1 complex and promotes mitotic transition.
GO:0070034 telomerase RNA binding
IPI
PMID:16507993
Regulation of cellular immortalization and steady-state leve...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT C-terminal domain binds TERC.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16507993
Regulation of cellular immortalization and steady-state levels of the telomerase reverse transcriptase through its carboxy-terminal domain.
GO:0000333 telomerase catalytic core complex
IDA
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factor...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core complex from purified telomerase.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factors involved in telomerase biogenesis and telomere length regulation.
GO:0001172 RNA-templated transcription
IDA
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Non-canonical RdRP function with RMRP RNA.
Reason: Non-canonical function when complexed with RMRP
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA.
GO:0003964 RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
IDA
PMID:21937513
Human telomerase acts as a hTR-independent reverse transcrip...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT has RT activity in mitochondria independent of TERC - same core MF in a different cellular context.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21937513
Sep 21. Human telomerase acts as a hTR-independent reverse transcriptase in mitochondria.
GO:0005697 telomerase holoenzyme complex
IDA
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factor...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT is core component of telomerase holoenzyme.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factors involved in telomerase biogenesis and telomere length regulation.
GO:0030177 positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway
IGI
PMID:19571879
Telomerase modulates Wnt signalling by association with targ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Non-canonical function - TERT activates Wnt signaling via BRG1 interaction.
Reason: Non-canonical transcriptional regulatory function
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19571879
Telomerase modulates Wnt signalling by association with target gene chromatin.
GO:0031379 RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
IPI
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT-RMRP complex with RdRP activity.
Reason: Non-canonical complex with RMRP, not TERC
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA.
GO:0070034 telomerase RNA binding
IPI
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factor...
ACCEPT
Summary: Essential binding of TERT to TERC.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factors involved in telomerase biogenesis and telomere length regulation.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
IDA
PMID:21531765
High-throughput RNAi screening reveals novel regulators of t...
ACCEPT
Summary: RNAi screen identifying telomerase regulators.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21531765
High-throughput RNAi screening reveals novel regulators of telomerase.
GO:0007004 telomere maintenance via telomerase
IDA
PMID:21531765
High-throughput RNAi screening reveals novel regulators of t...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core biological process.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21531765
High-throughput RNAi screening reveals novel regulators of telomerase.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21119197
Telomerase inhibitor PinX1 provides a link between TRF1 and ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with PinX1/TRF1.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21119197
2010 Nov 30. Telomerase inhibitor PinX1 provides a link between TRF1 and telomerase to prevent telomere elongation.
GO:1904751 positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus
IDA
PMID:24415760
PinX1, a telomere repeat-binding factor 1 (TRF1)-interacting...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT regulates PinX1 nucleolar localization.
Reason: Regulatory function on PinX1
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24415760
2014 Jan 10. PinX1, a telomere repeat-binding factor 1 (TRF1)-interacting protein, maintains telomere integrity by modulating TRF1 homeostasis, the process in which human telomerase reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) plays dual roles.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factor...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction in telomerase holoenzyme.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18082603
Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factors involved in telomerase biogenesis and telomere length regulation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15044100
Human MCRS2, a cell-cycle-dependent protein, associates with...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with MCRS2/PinX1.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15044100
Human MCRS2, a cell-cycle-dependent protein, associates with LPTS/PinX1 and reduces the telomere length.
GO:0031647 regulation of protein stability
IDA
PMID:26194824
Increased Stability of Nucleolar PinX1 in the Presence of TE...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT stabilizes nucleolar PinX1.
Reason: Regulatory function on PinX1
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26194824
Jul 21. Increased Stability of Nucleolar PinX1 in the Presence of TERT.
GO:0031647 regulation of protein stability
IMP
PMID:26194824
Increased Stability of Nucleolar PinX1 in the Presence of TE...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT stabilizes PinX1 protein.
Reason: Regulatory function on PinX1
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26194824
Jul 21. Increased Stability of Nucleolar PinX1 in the Presence of TERT.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:24415760
PinX1, a telomere repeat-binding factor 1 (TRF1)-interacting...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nuclear localization with PinX1.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24415760
2014 Jan 10. PinX1, a telomere repeat-binding factor 1 (TRF1)-interacting protein, maintains telomere integrity by modulating TRF1 homeostasis, the process in which human telomerase reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) plays dual roles.
GO:0031647 regulation of protein stability
IDA
PMID:24415760
PinX1, a telomere repeat-binding factor 1 (TRF1)-interacting...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT modulates TRF1 homeostasis.
Reason: Regulatory function
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24415760
2014 Jan 10. PinX1, a telomere repeat-binding factor 1 (TRF1)-interacting protein, maintains telomere integrity by modulating TRF1 homeostasis, the process in which human telomerase reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) plays dual roles.
GO:0005730 nucleolus
NAS
PMID:26194824
Increased Stability of Nucleolar PinX1 in the Presence of TE...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT localizes to nucleolus for holoenzyme assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26194824
Jul 21. Increased Stability of Nucleolar PinX1 in the Presence of TERT.
GO:0070034 telomerase RNA binding
IPI
PMID:20351177
Specificity and stoichiometry of subunit interactions in the...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT-TERC binding specificity and stoichiometry.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20351177
Mar 29. Specificity and stoichiometry of subunit interactions in the human telomerase holoenzyme assembled in vivo.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22226966
The AAA-ATPase NVL2 is a telomerase component essential for ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with NVL2 AAA-ATPase.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22226966
The AAA-ATPase NVL2 is a telomerase component essential for holoenzyme assembly.
GO:0005730 nucleolus
IDA
PMID:22226966
The AAA-ATPase NVL2 is a telomerase component essential for ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleolar localization for telomerase biogenesis.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22226966
The AAA-ATPase NVL2 is a telomerase component essential for holoenzyme assembly.
GO:0005697 telomerase holoenzyme complex
IPI
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT component of holoenzyme (study also shows RMRP complex).
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA.
GO:0007004 telomere maintenance via telomerase
IDA
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core biological process of TERT.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA.
GO:0070034 telomerase RNA binding
IPI
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP ...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT binds both TERC and RMRP RNAs.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19701182
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA.
GO:0000333 telomerase catalytic core complex
IMP
PMID:11313459
Hypoxia extends the life span of vascular smooth muscle cell...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core complex in hypoxia-induced telomerase activation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11313459
Hypoxia extends the life span of vascular smooth muscle cells through telomerase activation.
GO:1902895 positive regulation of miRNA transcription
IMP
PMID:25569094
Telomerase reverse transcriptase regulates microRNAs.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Non-canonical function - TERT regulates miRNA expression.
Reason: Non-canonical gene regulatory function
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25569094
Telomerase reverse transcriptase regulates microRNAs.
GO:0071456 cellular response to hypoxia
IMP
PMID:11313459
Hypoxia extends the life span of vascular smooth muscle cell...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT is induced by hypoxia, extends lifespan of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Reason: Stress response function
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11313459
Hypoxia extends the life span of vascular smooth muscle cells through telomerase activation.
GO:2000773 negative regulation of cellular senescence
IMP
PMID:11313459
Hypoxia extends the life span of vascular smooth muscle cell...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT prevents cellular senescence through telomere maintenance.
Reason: Downstream consequence of telomere maintenance
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11313459
Hypoxia extends the life span of vascular smooth muscle cells through telomerase activation.
GO:2000773 negative regulation of cellular senescence
IDA
PMID:11927518
Endothelial cell senescence in human atherosclerosis: role o...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT prevents endothelial senescence.
Reason: Downstream consequence of telomere maintenance
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11927518
Endothelial cell senescence in human atherosclerosis: role of telomere in endothelial dysfunction.
GO:0006278 RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process
IDA
PMID:9398860
Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template RNA com...
ACCEPT
Summary: Core function - TERT synthesizes DNA using RNA template.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9398860
Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template RNA component hTR and the catalytic protein subunit hTRT.
GO:0007004 telomere maintenance via telomerase
IDA
PMID:16043710
Human POT1 disrupts telomeric G-quadruplexes allowing telome...
ACCEPT
Summary: POT1 disrupts G-quadruplexes allowing telomerase extension.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16043710
Human POT1 disrupts telomeric G-quadruplexes allowing telomerase extension in vitro.
GO:0071897 DNA biosynthetic process
IDA
PMID:9398860
Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template RNA com...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic term - more specific RNA-templated DNA biosynthesis is preferred.
Reason: More specific GO:0006278 is annotated
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9398860
Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template RNA component hTR and the catalytic protein subunit hTRT.
GO:0007005 mitochondrion organization
IDA
PMID:21937513
Human telomerase acts as a hTR-independent reverse transcrip...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Non-canonical mitochondrial function of TERT.
Reason: Non-canonical function in mitochondria
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21937513
Sep 21. Human telomerase acts as a hTR-independent reverse transcriptase in mitochondria.
GO:0000049 tRNA binding
IDA
PMID:21937513
Human telomerase acts as a hTR-independent reverse transcrip...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT binds mitochondrial tRNAs.
Reason: Non-canonical mitochondrial function
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21937513
Sep 21. Human telomerase acts as a hTR-independent reverse transcriptase in mitochondria.
GO:0003677 DNA binding
IDA
PMID:21937513
Human telomerase acts as a hTR-independent reverse transcrip...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT binds mitochondrial DNA.
Reason: Non-canonical mitochondrial DNA binding
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21937513
Sep 21. Human telomerase acts as a hTR-independent reverse transcriptase in mitochondria.
GO:0042645 mitochondrial nucleoid
IDA
PMID:21937513
Human telomerase acts as a hTR-independent reverse transcrip...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT localizes to mitochondrial nucleoids.
Reason: Non-canonical mitochondrial localization
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21937513
Sep 21. Human telomerase acts as a hTR-independent reverse transcriptase in mitochondria.
GO:0001223 transcription coactivator binding
IPI
PMID:19571879
Telomerase modulates Wnt signalling by association with targ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT binds BRG1 chromatin remodeler for Wnt signaling.
Reason: Non-canonical transcriptional function
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19571879
Telomerase modulates Wnt signalling by association with target gene chromatin.
GO:0007004 telomere maintenance via telomerase
NAS
PMID:2805070
The human telomere terminal transferase enzyme is a ribonucl...
ACCEPT
Summary: Early foundational study on telomerase function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:2805070
The human telomere terminal transferase enzyme is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes TTAGGG repeats.
GO:2001240 negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
IMP
PMID:10449030
Resistance to apoptosis in human cells conferred by telomera...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT confers resistance to apoptosis via telomere stabilization.
Reason: Downstream consequence of telomere maintenance
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10449030
Resistance to apoptosis in human cells conferred by telomerase function and telomere stability.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-163096
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm localization for telomerase RNP recruitment to telomeres.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-163099
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm localization for RNA template alignment.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-163120
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm localization for telomerase RNP disassociation.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-164616
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm localization for telomerase biogenesis.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-164617
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm localization for telomere elongation.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-164620
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm localization for template translocation.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3322422
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm localization for beta-catenin/SMARCA4 interaction.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-9858734
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm localization for MITF-mediated TERT expression.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19179534
A human telomerase holoenzyme protein required for Cajal bod...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with TCAB1 for Cajal body localization.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19179534
A human telomerase holoenzyme protein required for Cajal body localization and telomere synthesis.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
IDA
PMID:19567472
PML-IV functions as a negative regulator of telomerase by in...
ACCEPT
Summary: Nucleoplasm localization with PML-IV interaction.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19567472
Jun 30. PML-IV functions as a negative regulator of telomerase by interacting with TERT.
GO:0016605 PML body
IDA
PMID:19567472
PML-IV functions as a negative regulator of telomerase by in...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT localizes to PML bodies where PML-IV inhibits telomerase.
Reason: Regulatory localization for telomerase inhibition
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19567472
Jun 30. PML-IV functions as a negative regulator of telomerase by interacting with TERT.
GO:0090399 replicative senescence
IMP
PMID:9454332
Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into no...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TERT expression extends lifespan and bypasses replicative senescence.
Reason: Downstream consequence of telomere maintenance
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9454332
Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells.
GO:0000783 nuclear telomere cap complex
IC
PMID:15632080
Human protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) is a negative regulat...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT interaction with POT1 at telomere cap.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15632080
Human protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) is a negative regulator of telomerase activity in vitro.
GO:0007004 telomere maintenance via telomerase
IMP
PMID:9454332
Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into no...
ACCEPT
Summary: Landmark paper showing TERT extends cell lifespan via telomere maintenance.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9454332
Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells.
GO:0042803 protein homodimerization activity
IDA
PMID:11432839
Human telomerase contains two cooperating telomerase RNA mol...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Telomerase contains two cooperating TERT molecules.
Reason: Dimerization mechanism
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11432839
Human telomerase contains two cooperating telomerase RNA molecules.
GO:0070034 telomerase RNA binding
IDA
PMID:11432839
Human telomerase contains two cooperating telomerase RNA mol...
ACCEPT
Summary: Two TERT molecules bind two TERC RNA molecules.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11432839
Human telomerase contains two cooperating telomerase RNA molecules.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
IDA
PMID:16043710
Human POT1 disrupts telomeric G-quadruplexes allowing telome...
ACCEPT
Summary: Telomerase activity demonstrated with POT1 regulation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16043710
Human POT1 disrupts telomeric G-quadruplexes allowing telomerase extension in vitro.
GO:0022616 DNA strand elongation
IDA
PMID:16043710
Human POT1 disrupts telomeric G-quadruplexes allowing telome...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT elongates telomeric DNA strand.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16043710
Human POT1 disrupts telomeric G-quadruplexes allowing telomerase extension in vitro.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12699629
Functional conservation of the telomerase protein Est1p in h...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Interaction with EST1 homologs.
Reason: Protein binding is too generic
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12699629
Functional conservation of the telomerase protein Est1p in humans.
GO:0000781 chromosome, telomeric region
IC
PMID:12135483
Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telome...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT localizes to telomeres.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12135483
Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telomerase subunits.
GO:0000723 telomere maintenance
TAS
PMID:12135483
Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telome...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Parent term - more specific telomere maintenance via telomerase preferred.
Reason: More specific GO:0007004 is annotated
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12135483
Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telomerase subunits.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
IDA
PMID:12135483
Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telome...
ACCEPT
Summary: Differential regulation by telomerase subunits.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12135483
Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telomerase subunits.
GO:0003720 telomerase activity
TAS
PMID:14991929
Modulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in hepa...
ACCEPT
Summary: Telomerase modulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14991929
Modulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in hepatocellular carcinoma.
GO:0005697 telomerase holoenzyme complex
IDA
PMID:12135483
Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telome...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT as holoenzyme component with differential subunit regulation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12135483
Differential regulation of telomerase activity by six telomerase subunits.
GO:0042162 telomeric DNA binding
TAS
PMID:9288757
hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene,...
ACCEPT
Summary: TERT (hEST2) binds telomeric DNA substrate.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9288757
hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization.

Core Functions

TERT functions as the catalytic subunit of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex, where it exhibits telomerase activity (GO:0003720). TERT catalyzes telomere maintenance via telomerase (GO:0007004) by adding TTAGGG repeats to the 3' ends of chromosomes. This activity occurs within the telomerase holoenzyme complex (GO:0005697) localized to the nucleoplasm (GO:0005654).

Molecular Function:
telomerase activity
Cellular Locations:
Supporting Evidence:
  • PMID:9398860
    in vitro transcription and translation of hTRT when co-synthesized or mixed with hTR reconstitutes telomerase activity
  • PMID:9443919
    only exogenous hTR and TP2 are required for telomerase activity in vitro
  • file:human/TERT/TERT-deep-research-cyberian.md
    Human TERT contains four evolutionarily conserved structural domains that work together to accomplish the unique enzymatic function of telomere extension. These domains are arranged linearly from the N-terminus to C-terminus - the telomerase essential N-terminal (TEN) domain, the telomerase RNA-binding domain (TRBD), the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain, and the C-terminal extension (CTE) domain.

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: What is the physiological significance of the TERT-RMRP RdRP complex?

Suggested experts: telomerase biology, RNA biology

Q: How significant are TERT's non-canonical functions (Wnt signaling, mitochondrial protection) relative to its telomerase function?

Suggested experts: cancer biology, aging research

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Separation-of-function TERT mutants that retain telomerase activity but lack RdRP activity to assess in vivo importance of non-canonical functions.

Hypothesis: Non-canonical TERT functions contribute to cellular fitness independent of telomere maintenance.

Type: genetic

Deep Research

Cyberian

(TERT-deep-research-cyberian.md)

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Falcon

(TERT-deep-research-falcon.md)

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OpenAI

(TERT-deep-research-openai.md)

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Perplexity

(TERT-deep-research-perplexity.md)

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πŸ“„ View Raw YAML

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