TNFSF10

UniProt ID: P50591
Organism: Homo sapiens
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

TNFSF10, also called TRAIL or Apo2L, is a type II transmembrane TNF-family cytokine that can remain at the cell surface or be released as a soluble extracellular ligand. Its extracellular TNF-homology domain forms homotrimers that bind TNFRSF10A/DR4 and TNFRSF10B/DR5 death receptors, as well as TNFRSF10C/D decoy receptors, to initiate FADD- and CASP8-dependent TRAIL-activated extrinsic apoptotic signaling. TRAIL receptor engagement can also produce contextual NF-kappaB outputs and immune-cell regulatory effects, while the zinc site and identical subunit binding are structural features of the trimeric ligand.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MODIFY
Summary: TRAIL is an extracellular TNF-family ligand for TNFRSF10A/DR4 and TNFRSF10B/DR5; the seeded term is a broad receptor-binding parent.
Reason: Use tumor necrosis factor receptor binding to capture the TNFRSF10 receptor-ligand activity supported by the original Apo2L/TRAIL discovery papers and later DR4/DR5 structural work.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8663110
Apo-2L may serve as an extracellular signal
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding
TAS
PMID:8663110
Induction of apoptosis by Apo-2 ligand, a new member of the ...
MODIFY
Summary: TRAIL is an extracellular TNF-family ligand for TNFRSF10A/DR4 and TNFRSF10B/DR5; the seeded term is a broad receptor-binding parent.
Reason: Use tumor necrosis factor receptor binding to capture the TNFRSF10 receptor-ligand activity supported by the original Apo2L/TRAIL discovery papers and later DR4/DR5 structural work.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8663110
Apo-2L may serve as an extracellular signal
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding
TAS
PMID:8777713
Identification and characterization of a new member of the T...
MODIFY
Summary: TRAIL is an extracellular TNF-family ligand for TNFRSF10A/DR4 and TNFRSF10B/DR5; the seeded term is a broad receptor-binding parent.
Reason: Use tumor necrosis factor receptor binding to capture the TNFRSF10 receptor-ligand activity supported by the original Apo2L/TRAIL discovery papers and later DR4/DR5 structural work.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8663110
Apo-2L may serve as an extracellular signal
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005125 cytokine activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: The PAINT node assigns cytokine activity to metazoan TNF-family ligands, including experimentally supported TNFSF10/TRAIL.
Reason: Cytokine activity is the molecular-function term used for the TNFSF10 nodes in the production TRAIL/TRAILR1 and TRAIL/TRAILR2 GO-CAMs and is coherent for a TNF-family death-receptor ligand.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8777713
Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005125 cytokine activity
IDA
PMID:21146232
Plasma cytokine concentrations associated with HIV/hepatitis...
ACCEPT
Summary: TNFSF10 is a TNF-family cytokine, although PMID:21146232 itself is a plasma cytokine measurement panel rather than a receptor-activation assay.
Reason: The term is correct for TNFSF10; the GOA reference mainly supports the soluble extracellular pool, while the original soluble Apo2L/TRAIL apoptosis assay and receptor-complex structures establish the activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21146232
measure chemokine and cytokine levels using an xMAP multiplexed bead array immunoassay
PMID:8663110
Soluble Apo-2L induces extensive apoptosis
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005164 tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: The InterPro TNF-family signature maps TNFSF10 to tumor necrosis factor receptor binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 binds the TNFRSF10A/DR4 and TNFRSF10B/DR5 death receptors and TNFRSF10C/D decoy receptors through its extracellular TNF-homology domain.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:10549288
Triggering cell death: the crystal structure of Apo2L/TRAIL ...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19427028
Cullin3-based polyubiquitination and p62-dependent aggregati...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19427028
Cullin3-based polyubiquitination and p62-dependent aggregati...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19427028
Cullin3-based polyubiquitination and p62-dependent aggregati...
REMOVE
Summary: CUL3 acts intracellularly on caspase-8 after death receptor ligation and is not a direct extracellular TNFSF10 receptor.
Reason: The CUL3 biology belongs to DISC-associated caspase-8 ubiquitylation downstream of ligand-bound receptors, so a direct TNFSF10 protein-binding molecular function is not supported.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20097879
Identification of a novel proapoptotic function of resveratr...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20103630
Multivalent DR5 peptides activate the TRAIL death pathway an...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20103630
Multivalent DR5 peptides activate the TRAIL death pathway an...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20103630
Multivalent DR5 peptides activate the TRAIL death pathway an...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20103630
Multivalent DR5 peptides activate the TRAIL death pathway an...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21459798
Bortezomib primes neuroblastoma cells for TRAIL-induced apop...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21525171
Bortezomib primes glioblastoma, including glioblastoma stem ...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21822306
Identification of a novel pro-apoptotic role of NF-ΞΊB in the...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22266862
Histone deacetylase inhibitors sensitize glioblastoma cells ...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23678861
Inhibition of vacuolar ATPase attenuates the TRAIL-induced a...
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:35922511
A physical wiring diagram for the human immune system.
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:35922511
A physical wiring diagram for the human immune system.
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:35922511
A physical wiring diagram for the human immune system.
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:35922511
A physical wiring diagram for the human immune system.
MODIFY
Summary: This partner-specific IntAct import reflects TNFSF10 binding to a TRAIL receptor and is better curated as TNF receptor binding than as generic protein binding.
Reason: TNFSF10 receptor engagement is the informative molecular function; use GO:0005164 rather than an unqualified protein-binding edge for TNFRSF10A/B/C/D contacts.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0005576 extracellular region
EXP
PMID:14609566
Regulation of soluble and surface-bound TRAIL in human T cel...
ACCEPT
Summary: Human TNFSF10 is detected as a soluble extracellular protein.
Reason: Soluble TRAIL measured in leukocyte cultures and plasma is consistent with an extracellular-region location for the released ectodomain.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14609566
It can be found in two forms
PMID:21146232
measure chemokine and cytokine levels using an xMAP multiplexed bead array immunoassay
GO:0005576 extracellular region
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: The TNF-family ligand clade acts extracellularly after secretion or display at the cell surface.
Reason: The PAINT extracellular-region assertion is coherent for TNFSF10 and matches the extracellular activity nodes in the TRAIL GO-CAMs.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8777713
Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL
PMID:14609566
It can be found in two forms
GO:0005576 extracellular region
IDA
PMID:21146232
Plasma cytokine concentrations associated with HIV/hepatitis...
ACCEPT
Summary: Human TNFSF10 is detected as a soluble extracellular protein.
Reason: Soluble TRAIL measured in leukocyte cultures and plasma is consistent with an extracellular-region location for the released ectodomain.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14609566
It can be found in two forms
PMID:21146232
measure chemokine and cytokine levels using an xMAP multiplexed bead array immunoassay
GO:0005576 extracellular region
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: UniProtKB-SubCell correctly propagates the secreted location of the soluble TRAIL ectodomain.
Reason: TNFSF10 exists as both a type II plasma-membrane protein and a soluble extracellular ligand.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14609566
It can be found in two forms
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-139952
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome places TNFSF10 in the extracellular ligand-receptor complexes that initiate TRAIL death-receptor signaling.
Reason: These TRAIL receptor events include the extracellular TNFSF10 ligand bound to TNFRSF10A or TNFRSF10B before DISC assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-141139
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome places TNFSF10 in the extracellular ligand-receptor complexes that initiate TRAIL death-receptor signaling.
Reason: These TRAIL receptor events include the extracellular TNFSF10 ligand bound to TNFRSF10A or TNFRSF10B before DISC assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-141156
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome places TNFSF10 in the extracellular ligand-receptor complexes that initiate TRAIL death-receptor signaling.
Reason: These TRAIL receptor events include the extracellular TNFSF10 ligand bound to TNFRSF10A or TNFRSF10B before DISC assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-141316
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome places TNFSF10 in the extracellular ligand-receptor complexes that initiate TRAIL death-receptor signaling.
Reason: These TRAIL receptor events include the extracellular TNFSF10 ligand bound to TNFRSF10A or TNFRSF10B before DISC assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3371359
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome places TNFSF10 in the extracellular ligand-receptor complexes that initiate TRAIL death-receptor signaling.
Reason: These TRAIL receptor events include the extracellular TNFSF10 ligand bound to TNFRSF10A or TNFRSF10B before DISC assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3465429
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome places TNFSF10 in the extracellular ligand-receptor complexes that initiate TRAIL death-receptor signaling.
Reason: These TRAIL receptor events include the extracellular TNFSF10 ligand bound to TNFRSF10A or TNFRSF10B before DISC assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-3465448
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome places TNFSF10 in the extracellular ligand-receptor complexes that initiate TRAIL death-receptor signaling.
Reason: These TRAIL receptor events include the extracellular TNFSF10 ligand bound to TNFRSF10A or TNFRSF10B before DISC assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-5675456
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome places TNFSF10 in the extracellular ligand-receptor complexes that initiate TRAIL death-receptor signaling.
Reason: These TRAIL receptor events include the extracellular TNFSF10 ligand bound to TNFRSF10A or TNFRSF10B before DISC assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-75146
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome places TNFSF10 in the extracellular ligand-receptor complexes that initiate TRAIL death-receptor signaling.
Reason: These TRAIL receptor events include the extracellular TNFSF10 ligand bound to TNFRSF10A or TNFRSF10B before DISC assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-75187
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome places TNFSF10 in the extracellular ligand-receptor complexes that initiate TRAIL death-receptor signaling.
Reason: These TRAIL receptor events include the extracellular TNFSF10 ligand bound to TNFRSF10A or TNFRSF10B before DISC assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005576 extracellular region
TAS
Reactome:R-HSA-75238
ACCEPT
Summary: Reactome places TNFSF10 in the extracellular ligand-receptor complexes that initiate TRAIL death-receptor signaling.
Reason: These TRAIL receptor events include the extracellular TNFSF10 ligand bound to TNFRSF10A or TNFRSF10B before DISC assembly.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
EXP
PMID:14609566
Regulation of soluble and surface-bound TRAIL in human T cel...
ACCEPT
Summary: TNFSF10 is synthesized as a type II plasma-membrane protein before shedding of a soluble extracellular ligand.
Reason: The plasma-membrane annotation captures the membrane-bound TRAIL precursor and cell-surface ligand pool.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8777713
Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL
PMID:14609566
It can be found in two forms
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: TNFSF10 is synthesized as a type II plasma-membrane protein before shedding of a soluble extracellular ligand.
Reason: The plasma-membrane annotation captures the membrane-bound TRAIL precursor and cell-surface ligand pool.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8777713
Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL
PMID:14609566
It can be found in two forms
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
PMID:8663110
Induction of apoptosis by Apo-2 ligand, a new member of the ...
ACCEPT
Summary: TNFSF10 is synthesized as a type II plasma-membrane protein before shedding of a soluble extracellular ligand.
Reason: The plasma-membrane annotation captures the membrane-bound TRAIL precursor and cell-surface ligand pool.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8777713
Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL
PMID:14609566
It can be found in two forms
GO:0006915 apoptotic process
TAS
PMID:8663110
Induction of apoptosis by Apo-2 ligand, a new member of the ...
MODIFY
Summary: Apo2L/TRAIL triggers apoptosis through TRAIL receptors, but the seeded top-level apoptotic-process term is too broad.
Reason: Use the TRAIL-specific death-receptor apoptotic signaling pathway instead of the generic apoptosis parent.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8663110
Apo-2L may serve as an extracellular signal
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0006955 immune response
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TNFSF10 has immunoregulatory ligand biology, but this InterPro immune-response projection is generic.
Reason: Keep as contextual and non-core; the core curated process is the direct TRAIL-activated death-receptor apoptotic signaling pathway.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
GO:0007154 cell communication
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MODIFY
Summary: TNFSF10 signals through TRAIL death receptors; this seeded process is an over-broad signaling ancestor.
Reason: Use GO:0036462 to name the ligand-specific death-receptor pathway initiated by TNFSF10.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
GO:0007165 signal transduction
TAS
PMID:8663110
Induction of apoptosis by Apo-2 ligand, a new member of the ...
MODIFY
Summary: TNFSF10 signals through TRAIL death receptors; this seeded process is an over-broad signaling ancestor.
Reason: Use GO:0036462 to name the ligand-specific death-receptor pathway initiated by TNFSF10.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
GO:0007165 signal transduction
TAS
PMID:8777713
Identification and characterization of a new member of the T...
MODIFY
Summary: TNFSF10 signals through TRAIL death receptors; this seeded process is an over-broad signaling ancestor.
Reason: Use GO:0036462 to name the ligand-specific death-receptor pathway initiated by TNFSF10.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
GO:0007166 cell surface receptor signaling pathway
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
MODIFY
Summary: TNFSF10 signals through TRAIL death receptors; this seeded process is an over-broad signaling ancestor.
Reason: Use GO:0036462 to name the ligand-specific death-receptor pathway initiated by TNFSF10.
Propagation Review
Root cause: TERM SCOPING PROBLEM
Failure modes: GRANULARITY MISMATCH
Sources checked:
PANTHER:PTN000895255 Β· TNF-family cytokine/apoptotic signaling node SUPPORTS TRANSFER
The PAINT node correctly transfers TNF-family cell-surface signaling to TNFSF10, but the seeded GO term is an ancestor of the TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling
TAS
PMID:8777713
Identification and characterization of a new member of the T...
MODIFY
Summary: TNFSF10 signals through TRAIL death receptors; this seeded process is an over-broad signaling ancestor.
Reason: Use GO:0036462 to name the ligand-specific death-receptor pathway initiated by TNFSF10.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
GO:0008270 zinc ion binding
IDA
PMID:26457518
The structure of the death receptor 4-TNF-related apoptosis-...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TRAIL has a zinc site in the TNF-homology trimer.
Reason: Zinc coordination is a supported structural property of the ligand trimer rather than a separate core effector activity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26457518
a Zn 2+ site was found
GO:0016020 membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
MODIFY
Summary: The InterPro membrane prediction is correct but less precise than TNFSF10 plasma-membrane localization.
Reason: Use plasma membrane to capture the type II membrane TRAIL precursor.
Proposed replacements: plasma membrane
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8777713
Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL
PMID:14609566
It can be found in two forms
GO:0023052 signaling
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MODIFY
Summary: TNFSF10 signals through TRAIL death receptors; this seeded process is an over-broad signaling ancestor.
Reason: Use GO:0036462 to name the ligand-specific death-receptor pathway initiated by TNFSF10.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
GO:0032813 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: Mouse-to-human Compara transfer captures TNFSF10 binding to TNF-receptor-superfamily receptors.
Reason: The superfamily-binding term is broad but semantically correct for TNFRSF10A/B death receptors and TNFRSF10C/D decoy receptors.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
PMID:26457518
death receptor 4 (DR4) in complex with TNF-related
GO:0036462 TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:9485194
TRAIL/Apo-2-ligand-induced apoptosis in human T cells.
ACCEPT
Summary: TNFSF10 directly initiates TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling through TRAIL receptors.
Reason: This is the best process term for the ligand step modeled in the TRAIL/TRAILR1 and TRAIL/TRAILR2 GO-CAMs.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
PMID:10549288
receptors, DR4 and DR5, triggers apoptosis
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
IDA
PMID:26457518
The structure of the death receptor 4-TNF-related apoptosis-...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TNFSF10 forms homotrimers through its TNF-homology domain.
Reason: Identical protein binding describes TRAIL subunit self-association in the ligand trimer and is structural rather than a separate core signaling function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26457518
protein forms the expected trimeric structure
GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process
IDA
PMID:21525171
Bortezomib primes glioblastoma, including glioblastoma stem ...
MODIFY
Summary: TRAIL treatment promotes death-receptor apoptosis, but this seeded term is broader than the extrinsic branch.
Reason: Use the extrinsic-apoptotic-signaling regulation term rather than top-level positive regulation of apoptosis.
GO:0043123 positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TNFSF10 can activate NF-kappaB in receptor contexts, but this output is contextual relative to DR4/DR5 apoptotic signaling.
Reason: Keep as a non-core signaling output of TRAIL receptor engagement rather than centering the review on NF-kappaB.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12761501
cDNAs that activate the NF-kappaB pathway
GO:0043123 positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction
IEP
PMID:12761501
Large-scale identification and characterization of human gen...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TNFSF10 can activate NF-kappaB in receptor contexts, but this output is contextual relative to DR4/DR5 apoptotic signaling.
Reason: Keep as a non-core signaling output of TRAIL receptor engagement rather than centering the review on NF-kappaB.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12761501
cDNAs that activate the NF-kappaB pathway
GO:0045569 TRAIL binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MODIFY
Summary: The Ensembl-transferred TRAIL-binding assertion is oriented toward receptors, while this row is on the TRAIL ligand itself.
Reason: For TNFSF10, the supported self-interaction is trimerization of identical TRAIL subunits.
Proposed replacements: identical protein binding
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26457518
protein forms the expected trimeric structure
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
HDA
PMID:19199708
Proteomic analysis of human parotid gland exosomes by multid...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: TNFSF10 was detected by high-throughput mass spectrometry in a human parotid-saliva exosome fraction.
Reason: The exosome localization is plausible but peripheral to the receptor-ligand activity of TNFSF10.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19199708
491 proteins in the exosome fraction of human parotid saliva
GO:0090200 positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
IDA
PMID:22266862
Histone deacetylase inhibitors sensitize glioblastoma cells ...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Cytochrome-c release is a downstream mitochondrial amplification event in sensitized glioblastoma cells after TRAIL receptor activation.
Reason: TNFSF10 can trigger upstream caspase-8/BID signaling, but cytochrome-c release itself is executed by the BAX/BAK mitochondrial pathway rather than by TRAIL.
GO:2001238 positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: TNFSF10 is a direct upstream ligand that positively drives extrinsic apoptotic signaling through TRAIL receptors.
Reason: This term is correct for the TNFSF10 ligand step; the more specific TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway row captures the same core route with receptor specificity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8777713
Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
GO:2001238 positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:20097879
Identification of a novel proapoptotic function of resveratr...
ACCEPT
Summary: TNFSF10 is a direct upstream ligand that positively drives extrinsic apoptotic signaling through TRAIL receptors.
Reason: This term is correct for the TNFSF10 ligand step; the more specific TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway row captures the same core route with receptor specificity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8777713
Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
GO:2001238 positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:21525171
Bortezomib primes glioblastoma, including glioblastoma stem ...
ACCEPT
Summary: TNFSF10 is a direct upstream ligand that positively drives extrinsic apoptotic signaling through TRAIL receptors.
Reason: This term is correct for the TNFSF10 ligand step; the more specific TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway row captures the same core route with receptor specificity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8777713
Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
GO:2001238 positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:22266862
Histone deacetylase inhibitors sensitize glioblastoma cells ...
ACCEPT
Summary: TNFSF10 is a direct upstream ligand that positively drives extrinsic apoptotic signaling through TRAIL receptors.
Reason: This term is correct for the TNFSF10 ligand step; the more specific TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway row captures the same core route with receptor specificity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8777713
Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases
GO:2001238 positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: TNFSF10 is a direct upstream ligand that positively drives extrinsic apoptotic signaling through TRAIL receptors.
Reason: This term is correct for the TNFSF10 ligand step; the more specific TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway row captures the same core route with receptor specificity.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8777713
Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL
PMID:9485194
mediated by activation of caspases

Core Functions

Membrane-bound or soluble TNFSF10/TRAIL homotrimers bind TNFRSF10A/DR4 and TNFRSF10B/DR5 at the cell surface or in the extracellular region to initiate TRAIL-activated, FADD/CASP8-dependent extrinsic apoptotic signaling.

Supporting Evidence:

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Should GO add a more precise TRAIL receptor binding child that names TNFSF10 binding to TNFRSF10A/TNFRSF10B and distinguishes the signaling death receptors from TNFRSF10C/TNFRSF10D decoy binding?

Q: Should Reactome-to-GOA export attach TNFSF10 extracellular-region rows only to ligand-receptor events, rather than to downstream CFLAR/CASP8 events that are part of the TRAIL pathway but no longer contain the ligand as an acting molecule?

πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Notes

(TNFSF10-notes.md)

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