Cyclin E1 is a non-catalytic regulatory cyclin that binds CDK2 to form the cyclin E1-CDK2 kinase complex, promoting late G1 progression, G1/S transition, and DNA replication origin licensing. Mouse Ccne1 overlaps with Ccne2 for many mitotic cycles, but E-type cyclins are required for cell-cycle reentry, endoreplication in specialized lineages, and male meiotic chromosome pairing and telomere stability. The protein is primarily nuclear/nucleoplasmic and is controlled by phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitin-mediated degradation.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
|
GO:0000082
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: Cyclin E1 is a CDK2 regulatory cyclin that drives the G1/S transition.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2 complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
|
|
GO:0005737
cytoplasm
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
|
|
GO:0016538
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
MODIFY |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: Cyclin E1 is the non-catalytic cyclin that activates CDK2; the replacement term captures this regulatory activation more specifically than the parent regulator term.
Proposed replacements:
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2 complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
|
|
GO:0097134
cyclin E1-CDK2 complex
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2 complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
|
|
GO:0005815
microtubule organizing center
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
|
|
GO:1900087
positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
|
|
GO:0000723
telomere maintenance
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
|
|
GO:0006270
DNA replication initiation
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
Cyclin E1 associates with DNA replication origins and supports pre-replication complex formation by facilitating MCM loading at origins.
|
|
GO:0007129
homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
|
|
GO:0016538
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 |
MODIFY |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: Cyclin E1 is the non-catalytic cyclin that activates CDK2; the replacement term captures this regulatory activation more specifically than the parent regulator term.
Proposed replacements:
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2 complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
|
|
GO:0019901
protein kinase binding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
|
|
GO:0051301
cell division
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000043 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:17700700 Cdk1 is sufficient to drive the mammalian cell cycle. |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
Reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17700700
Cdk1 is sufficient to drive the mammalian cell cycle.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:19592082 Cyclin A is redundant in fibroblasts but essential in hemato... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
Reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19592082
Cyclin A is redundant in fibroblasts but essential in hematopoietic and embryonic stem cells.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:20150892 Genetic analysis of Ras signalling pathways in cell prolifer... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
Reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20150892
Genetic analysis of Ras signalling pathways in cell proliferation, migration and survival.
|
|
GO:0000082
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
|
|
GO:0005654
nucleoplasm
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
|
|
GO:1902462
positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
|
|
GO:0000082
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
|
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
|
|
GO:0005654
nucleoplasm
|
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
|
|
GO:0005813
centrosome
|
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
|
|
GO:0019901
protein kinase binding
|
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
|
|
GO:0044877
protein-containing complex binding
|
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
|
|
GO:0045597
positive regulation of cell differentiation
|
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
|
|
GO:0097134
cyclin E1-CDK2 complex
|
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
|
|
GO:1902462
positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
|
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
|
|
GO:0000122
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
|
IGI
PMID:7797074 Regulation of the retinoblastoma protein-related p107 by G1 ... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:7797074
Regulation of the retinoblastoma protein-related p107 by G1 cyclin complexes.
|
|
GO:0000723
telomere maintenance
|
IGI
PMID:24586195 Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomer... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24586195
Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomere stability and CDK2 localization in male meiosis.
|
|
GO:0007129
homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis
|
IGI
PMID:24586195 Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomer... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24586195
Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomere stability and CDK2 localization in male meiosis.
|
|
GO:0032880
regulation of protein localization
|
IGI
PMID:24586195 Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomer... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24586195
Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomere stability and CDK2 localization in male meiosis.
|
|
GO:0070192
chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle
|
IGI
PMID:24586195 Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomer... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24586195
Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomere stability and CDK2 localization in male meiosis.
|
|
GO:0097134
cyclin E1-CDK2 complex
|
IDA
PMID:7739547 Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of... |
REMOVE |
Summary: PMID:7739547 is an INK4/CDK4-CDK6 inhibitor paper and only uses cyclin E-CDK2 as a negative-control comparison, not as direct evidence for the cyclin E1-CDK2 complex.
Reason: The cyclin E1-CDK2 complex term is biologically correct for Ccne1 and is retained through other evidence rows, but this specific IDA reference does not demonstrate the complex.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:7739547
Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.
|
|
GO:0006468
protein phosphorylation
|
ISS
PMID:10500095 Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S ... |
MODIFY |
Summary: The annotation attributes catalytic kinase/phosphorylation activity to cyclin E1.
Reason: Cyclin E1 is the non-catalytic CDK2 cyclin; the replacement term better captures its regulatory activation of a CDK kinase complex.
Proposed replacements:
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10500095
Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S phase in mammalian cells.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:20215406 Ciz1 cooperates with cyclin-A-CDK2 to activate mammalian DNA... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
Reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20215406
Ciz1 cooperates with cyclin-A-CDK2 to activate mammalian DNA replication in vitro.
|
|
GO:0019901
protein kinase binding
|
IPI
PMID:11981756 The p21(Cip1) protein, a cyclin inhibitor, regulates the lev... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11981756
The p21(Cip1) protein, a cyclin inhibitor, regulates the levels and the intracellular localization of CDC25A in mice regenerating livers.
|
|
GO:0016055
Wnt signaling pathway
|
IDA
PMID:19056892 A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent... |
REMOVE |
Summary: The cited Wnt/p27 turnover paper does not support direct Ccne1 involvement.
Reason: PMID:19056892 describes Wnt-dependent p27 turnover through CUL4A/B in mammary tumors, not a direct Ccne1/cyclin E1 role in Wnt signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19056892
A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent p27 turnover in mammary tumors.
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
IDA
PMID:10500095 Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S ... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10500095
Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S phase in mammalian cells.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:10500095 Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S ... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
Reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10500095
Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S phase in mammalian cells.
|
|
GO:0005634
nucleus
|
ISO
PMID:16109376 The bromodomain protein Brd4 is a positive regulatory compon... |
REMOVE |
Summary: The cited paper does not support Ccne1 nuclear localization.
Reason: PMID:16109376 is about Brd4/P-TEFb, cyclin T1, and CDK9 biology, not Ccne1/cyclin E1 localization. Cyclin E1 nuclear localization is supported by other evidence, but this evidence assertion should not be retained.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16109376
The bromodomain protein Brd4 is a positive regulatory component of P-TEFb and stimulates RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription.
|
|
GO:0016538
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity
|
IDA
PMID:12970171 Deletion of Mnt leads to disrupted cell cycle control and tu... |
MODIFY |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: Cyclin E1 is the non-catalytic cyclin that activates CDK2; the replacement term captures this regulatory activation more specifically than the parent regulator term.
Proposed replacements:
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12970171
Deletion of Mnt leads to disrupted cell cycle control and tumorigenesis.
file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2 complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
|
|
GO:0051726
regulation of cell cycle
|
IDA
PMID:12970171 Deletion of Mnt leads to disrupted cell cycle control and tu... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12970171
Deletion of Mnt leads to disrupted cell cycle control and tumorigenesis.
|
|
GO:0000307
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
|
IPI
PMID:12970760 Caspase-3 regulates cell cycle in B cells: a consequence of ... |
KEEP AS NON CORE |
Summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
Reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12970760
Caspase-3 regulates cell cycle in B cells: a consequence of substrate specificity.
|
|
GO:0005515
protein binding
|
IPI
PMID:12970760 Caspase-3 regulates cell cycle in B cells: a consequence of ... |
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED |
Summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
Reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12970760
Caspase-3 regulates cell cycle in B cells: a consequence of substrate specificity.
|
|
GO:0006468
protein phosphorylation
|
IDA
PMID:12124778 GADD45b and GADD45g are cdc2/cyclinB1 kinase inhibitors with... |
REMOVE |
Summary: The cited paper does not support Ccne1 kinase or activator function.
Reason: PMID:12124778 is about Gadd45b/g inhibition of Cdk1/cyclin B1 and explicitly not other Cdk/cyclin complexes, so it cannot support a Ccne1 phosphorylation or CDK activator assertion.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12124778
GADD45b and GADD45g are cdc2/cyclinB1 kinase inhibitors with a role in S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints induced by genotoxic stress.
|
|
GO:0016301
kinase activity
|
IDA
PMID:12124778 GADD45b and GADD45g are cdc2/cyclinB1 kinase inhibitors with... |
REMOVE |
Summary: The cited paper does not support Ccne1 kinase or activator function.
Reason: PMID:12124778 is about Gadd45b/g inhibition of Cdk1/cyclin B1 and explicitly not other Cdk/cyclin complexes, so it cannot support a Ccne1 kinase activity or CDK activator assertion.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12124778
GADD45b and GADD45g are cdc2/cyclinB1 kinase inhibitors with a role in S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints induced by genotoxic stress.
|
|
GO:0006270
DNA replication initiation
|
IMP
PMID:12941272 Cyclin E ablation in the mouse. |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
Reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S transition and DNA replication initiation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12941272
Cyclin E ablation in the mouse.
|
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template_file: templates/gene_research_go_focused.md
template_variables:
organism: mouse
gene_id: Ccne1
gene_symbol: Ccne1
uniprot_accession: Q61457
protein_description: 'RecName: Full=G1/S-specific cyclin-E1;'
gene_info: Name=Ccne1; Synonyms=Ccne;
organism_full: Mus musculus (Mouse).
protein_family: Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin E subfamily.
protein_domains: Cyclin. (IPR039361); Cyclin-like_dom. (IPR013763); Cyclin-like_sf.
(IPR036915); Cyclin_C-dom. (IPR004367); Cyclin_N. (IPR006671)
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BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.
DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'Ccne1' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information
Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene Ccne1 (gene ID: Ccne1, UniProt: Q61457) in mouse.
The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.
You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.
We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.
We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.
We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.
Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.
Question: You are an expert researcher providing comprehensive, well-cited information.
Provide detailed information focusing on:
1. Key concepts and definitions with current understanding
2. Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023-2024 sources)
3. Current applications and real-world implementations
4. Expert opinions and analysis from authoritative sources
5. Relevant statistics and data from recent studies
Format as a comprehensive research report with proper citations. Include URLs and publication dates where available.
Always prioritize recent, authoritative sources and provide specific citations for all major claims.
BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.
DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'Ccne1' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information
Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene Ccne1 (gene ID: Ccne1, UniProt: Q61457) in mouse.
The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.
You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.
We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.
We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.
We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.
Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.
Gene/protein: Ccne1 (Cyclin E1) in Mus musculus; UniProt Q61457 describes βG1/S-specific cyclin-E1,β a member of the cyclin family (cyclin E subfamily). The literature retrieved here consistently uses Ccne1/CCNE1 to refer to cyclin E1, a canonical G1/S cyclin that binds CDK2, and describes domain/region features characteristic of cyclins (cyclin homology domain plus N- and C-terminal regulatory regions). This matches the UniProt-provided identity, family, and domain expectations; no conflicting βCcne1β gene meaning was encountered in the retrieved evidence. (davidge2019cul3regulatescyclin pages 1-4, caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5)
Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin EβCDK2 complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry. (davidge2019cul3regulatescyclin pages 1-4, aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2, mishra2024targetingcellcycle pages 3-5)
Mechanistically, in mouse and mammalian systems cyclin E1βCDK2 can promote S-phase entry by phosphorylation of substrates including RB family members, thereby supporting E2F-driven transcriptional programs for DNA synthesis. (aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2, mishra2024targetingcellcycle pages 3-5)
Beyond serving as a CDK2 activator, cyclin E1 is described as having CDK-independent roles in DNA replication licensing. In mouse-context literature, cyclin E associates with DNA replication origins and supports pre-replication complex (pre-RC) formation by facilitating MCM loading at origins, including via interactions with MCM proteins and Cdt1. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5)
In an in vivo mouse-focused study, cyclin E1 was specifically described as contributing to DNA replication licensing by loading the MCM helicase onto chromatin-bound CDT1, supporting a mechanistic link between cyclin E1 and origin licensing. (aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2)
Cyclin E1 also helps coordinate the cell-division cycle by connecting DNA replication control with centrosome biology. A review synthesizing mouse genetic and mechanistic work reports cyclin E1 contains a ~20 amino-acid centrosome localization sequence (CLS) that targets cyclin E1 to centrosomes and promotes co-localization of MCM5 to centrosomes, and that cyclin E1βCDK2 phosphorylates centrosome regulators (e.g., nucleophosmin, CP110, Mps1) to promote centrosome duplication. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5)
The retrieved evidence supports cyclin E1 acting in multiple intracellular compartments relevant to its functions:
Overall, the strongest evidence in this corpus indicates cyclin E1 functions in nuclear/chromatin and centrosomal contexts rather than extracellular roles. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5)
Cyclin E1 protein abundance is tightly controlled by proteasomal degradation, and dysregulation is linked to oncogenesis. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 5-6, davidge2019cul3regulatescyclin pages 1-4)
Key regulatory axes supported in the evidence include:
Proteolytic removal of the cyclin E N-terminus occurs in some cancers, generating low molecular weight (LMW) cyclin E variants. These truncations are associated with increased cyclin EβCDK2 activity and poor prognosis, and can evade degradation pathways (e.g., loss of the Cul3 degron when the N-terminus is missing). (davidge2019cul3regulatescyclin pages 1-4)
Cyclin E1 expression is controlled at mRNA level by cell-cycle transcriptional circuits. CCNE1 is an E2F target and is repressed by RB, embedding cyclin E1 in the RBβE2F restriction-point network. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 6-7)
Post-transcriptional regulation via microRNAs is also described; for example, CCNE1 can be targeted by miRNA families such as miR-16 family members (reviewed in the retrieved source). (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 6-7)
Mouse genetics indicate partial redundancy between cyclin E1 (Ccne1) and cyclin E2 (Ccne2). A key, repeatedly supported finding is that double loss of cyclin E1 and E2 is embryonic lethal, whereas single knockouts have substantially milder phenotypes. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 5-6, caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5)
The mechanistic basis includes defects in endoreplication in specific polyploid lineages; the retrieved review reports trophoblast giant cells in double knockouts barely reach 8N. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 5-6)
Cyclin E1 and E2 show non-identical phenotypes in some tissues. For example, cyclin E1 deletion was reported to cause a slight delay in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, with compensatory cyclin AβCDK2 activity noted in the review synthesis. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 5-6)
A major mouse in vivo demonstration of causal function comes from a doxycycline-inducible Ccne1 overexpression model. In this study, Ccne1 overexpression led to chromosome instability and liver tumor development (hepatocellular adenomas and hepatocellular carcinoma), despite high cyclin E1 levels in other tissuesβsupporting a liver-specific vulnerability to cyclin E1 dysregulation in that model. (aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2)
Mechanistically, cyclin E1 overexpression was associated with replication/mitotic defects and genome instability features, including incomplete DNA replication, centrosome amplification, abnormal spindle geometry, aneuploidy, and in hepatocytes polyploidization with whole-chromosome gains/losses alongside DNA damage and oxidative stress. (aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2)
Although the gene target is mouse Ccne1, the most active 2023β2024 literature focuses on CCNE1/cyclin E1 dysregulation in cancer biology and replication stress, which is directly relevant to mechanistic interpretation of mouse models and to applications of cyclin E1 functional annotation.
A 2023 primary study identified a cyclin E1βinteracting lncRNA (EILA) that promotes CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance by stabilizing cyclin E1 protein. Mechanistically, EILA binding to the cyclin E1 C-terminus hinders cyclin E1 interaction with FBXW7, thereby blocking ubiquitination and degradation. Functionally, EILA silencing reduced cyclin E1 protein and restored drug sensitivity in vitro and in vivo, positioning cyclin E1 proteostasis as an actionable resistance mechanism. The study also contextualizes the clinical problem by noting that >70% of patients progress within 12β36 months on standard regimens (as described in that paperβs framing). (cai2023lncrnaeilapromotes pages 1-2)
Publication details: Science Advances, Oct 2023; https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi3821. (cai2023lncrnaeilapromotes pages 1-2)
A 2024 study emphasized that CCNE1 amplification is present in ~20% of high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) and is linked to replication stress and genomic instability, creating a vulnerability to checkpoint inhibition. The authors report activity of the CHK1 inhibitor SRA737, including in PARP inhibitorβresistant and CCNE1-amplified models, and propose CCNE1 amplification as a biomarker for CHK1 inhibitor approaches (monotherapy or in combination with PARP inhibitors). (xu2024chk1inhibitorsra737 pages 1-2)
Publication details: iScience, Jul 2024; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.109978. (xu2024chk1inhibitorsra737 pages 1-2)
A 2024 study focused on low-molecular-weight cyclin E isoforms (LMW-E), stating that ~70% of triple-negative breast cancers express LMW-E and that this correlates with poor prognosis. The study proposes a mechanistic axis where LMW-E upregulates/stabilizes PKMYT1, increasing CDK1 phosphorylation, and shows that pharmacologic PKMYT1 inhibition with RP-6306 (lunresertib) yields LMW-Eβdependent antitumor effects in xenografts and in transgenic mouse mammary tumor models. (li2024lowmolecularweight pages 1-3)
Publication details: Cancer Research, Aug 2024; https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-4130. (li2024lowmolecularweight pages 1-3)
A 2024 primary study showed that PPM1D activity can exacerbate replication stress caused by cyclin E1 overexpression (e.g., faster G1βS progression, incomplete licensing, increased transcriptionβreplication collisions and fork slowing), and that PPM1D inhibition rescued replication speed and reduced focal DNA copy-number alterations induced by CCNE1 overexpression. This reinforces a current research direction: treating CCNE1-driven genome instability via replication-stress response modulators. (martinikova2024ppm1dactivitypromotes pages 1-2)
Publication details: Molecular Oncology, Oct 2024; https://doi.org/10.1002/1878-0261.13433. (martinikova2024ppm1dactivitypromotes pages 1-2)
A 2024 cohort analysis reported CCNE1 amplification in ~12% of esophagogastric cancers (with subtype breakdowns reported in the paperβs abstract). The paper connects CCNE1 amplification to unscheduled S-phase entry/replication stress/chromosomal instability and reports associations with co-alterations and therapeutic response patterns (e.g., HER2-targeted therapy contexts). While human-focused, such data support the rationale for using mouse Ccne1 models to investigate tumor dependencies and therapy response. (rustgi2024molecularlandscapeand pages 1-2)
Publication details: Cancer Research Communications, Jun 2024; https://doi.org/10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0496. (rustgi2024molecularlandscapeand pages 1-2)
Inducible Ccne1 overexpression mice (doxycycline-inducible) are used to model how elevated cyclin E1 perturbs replication and mitosis and predisposes to liver tumor development. These are direct implementations of Ccne1 perturbation for functional annotation and causal inference. (aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2)
DEN-initiated HCC with inducible deletion of Ccne1 provides an intervention model to test whether cyclin E1 is required for tumor progression; deletion reduces tumor burden, supporting therapeutic reasoning. (sonntag2021cycline1in pages 1-2)
Cyclin E1/CCNE1 status is increasingly used as a biomarker for selecting replication-stress or cell-cycle checkpoint interventions, including CHK1 inhibition in CCNE1-amplified ovarian cancer contexts and PKMYT1 inhibition in LMW cyclin E settings. (xu2024chk1inhibitorsra737 pages 1-2, li2024lowmolecularweight pages 1-3)
Taken together, the evidence supports the following functional annotation for mouse cyclin E1:
Primary function: cyclin E1 is a cell-cycle regulatory protein whose core biochemical role is to activate CDK2 to drive the G1/S transition and early S-phase events; it also contributes to replication origin licensing through CDK-independent interactions at origins that promote MCM loading. (davidge2019cul3regulatescyclin pages 1-4, caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5, aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2)
Site of action: cyclin E1 functions primarily in the nucleus/chromatin (replication origins, S-phase chromatin association) and at centrosomes (via CLS), linking DNA replication with centrosome duplication. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5)
Key pathways: cyclin E1 sits downstream of the RBβE2F transcriptional network and is controlled by ubiquitin-proteasome pathways involving SCFβFBXW7 (Cul1) and Cul3; perturbations that stabilize cyclin E1 (e.g., truncations/LMW forms or factors blocking FBXW7 binding) enhance oncogenic phenotypes and therapeutic resistance. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 6-7, davidge2019cul3regulatescyclin pages 1-4, cai2023lncrnaeilapromotes pages 1-2)
Mouse genetic evidence: Ccne1 and Ccne2 are partially redundant, with double knockout embryonic lethality (endoreplication defects) and tissue-specific single-knockout phenotypes such as altered liver regeneration. Importantly, Ccne1 overexpression in mice can be sufficient to induce chromosome instability and liver tumors, demonstrating strong causal contribution when dysregulated. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 5-6, aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2)
2023β2024 direction of the field: contemporary research is emphasizing cyclin E1/CCNE1 as a driver of replication stress that creates therapeutic vulnerabilities (e.g., CHK1 inhibitors) and as a node of proteostasis-mediated drug resistance (e.g., lncRNA-mediated stabilization, LMW isoform biology) that can be targeted indirectly. (xu2024chk1inhibitorsra737 pages 1-2, cai2023lncrnaeilapromotes pages 1-2, martinikova2024ppm1dactivitypromotes pages 1-2, li2024lowmolecularweight pages 1-3)
| Aspect | Key points | Evidence & notes | Key sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| Identity/domains | - Target verified: mouse Ccne1 encodes G1/S-specific cyclin E1 (UniProt Q61457). - Member of the cyclin family, cyclin E subfamily. - Literature describes a central cyclin homology domain, plus distinctive N-terminal and C-terminal/PEST regulatory regions. |
Cyclin E1 is consistently described as the E-type cyclin partner of CDK2 in mammalian cells; this matches the UniProt identity and excludes ambiguity with unrelated genes. Domain architecture in the literature aligns with cyclin-family annotation and proteolytic/regulatory features of cyclin E1. (davidge2019cul3regulatescyclin pages 1-4, caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5) | Davidge 2019, J Cell Sci (Nov 2019) https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.233049; Caldon 2010, Cell Division (Jan 2010) https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-5-2 |
| Molecular function | - Regulatory subunit of CDK2. - Promotes G1/S transition and S-phase entry. - Also has CDK-independent roles in DNA replication licensing. |
Cyclin E1-CDK2 phosphorylates substrates including RB-family proteins to trigger S-phase entry. Separately, cyclin E1 associates with replication origins and facilitates MCM loading through interactions with Cdt1/MCM proteins; one source explicitly notes loading of MCM helicase onto chromatin-bound CDT1. (aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2, caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5, mishra2024targetingcellcycle pages 3-5) | Aziz 2019, Gastroenterology (Jul 2019) https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.016; Caldon 2010, Cell Division (Jan 2010) https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-5-2; Mishra 2024, BIOCELL (Jan 2024) https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2024.056503 |
| Key processes | - Cell-cycle restriction point/G1βS control. - Replication origin licensing/firing and orderly DNA synthesis. - Centrosome duplication and coupling of centrosome cycle to DNA replication. |
Cyclin E1 peaks from mid-G1 to early S phase and supports S-phase entry. It localizes to centrosomes via a 20-aa centrosome localization sequence (CLS) and helps co-localize MCM5 there; cyclin E1-CDK2 phosphorylates centrosome regulators including nucleophosmin, CP110, and Mps1. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 5-6, caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5) | Caldon 2010, Cell Division (Jan 2010) https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-5-2 |
| Subcellular localization | - Predominantly functions in the nucleus/chromatin for replication control. - Also localizes to centrosomes. - Localization is functionally linked to replication licensing and centrosome duplication. |
Literature states cyclin E1 associates with DNA at replication origins and accumulates on chromatin during S phase; independent evidence identifies a centrosome localization sequence. These observations support dual nuclear/chromatin and centrosomal localization rather than an extracellular or membrane role. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5) | Caldon 2010, Cell Division (Jan 2010) https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-5-2 |
| Regulation/proteostasis | - Strongly controlled by proteasomal degradation. - SCF-FBXW7/Cul1 degrades phosphorylated cyclin E1; Cul3 targets a distinct N-terminal degron. - N-terminal truncation/LMW-E forms can evade degradation and show altered activity. |
Cyclin E1 is phosphorylated (including at T77 and T395) for FBXW7-dependent turnover; Cul3 targets an N-terminal degron and preferentially degrades cyclin E not bound to CDK2. The degron is absent from some low-molecular-weight (LMW) truncated forms, helping explain their increased stability/activity. CCNE1 is also regulated transcriptionally by E2F/Rb and post-transcriptionally by miRNAs. (davidge2019cul3regulatescyclin pages 1-4, caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 5-6, caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 6-7, cai2023lncrnaeilapromotes pages 1-2) | Davidge 2019, J Cell Sci (Nov 2019) https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.233049; Caldon 2010, Cell Division (Jan 2010) https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-5-2; Cai 2023, Sci Adv (Oct 2023) https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi3821 |
| Genetic evidence in mouse | - Ccne1 and Ccne2 are partially redundant. - Double knockout is embryonic lethal due largely to failed endoreplication in trophoblast giant cells; single knockouts are much milder. - Ccne1-specific effects include a slight delay in liver regeneration. |
Double E1/E2 loss causes embryonic lethality; trophoblast giant cells in double knockouts barely reach 8N. Single Ccne1-/- mice are largely viable/fertile, with mild tissue-specific defects, while conditional post-embryonic loss indicates E-type cyclins are dispensable for much postnatal growth. Fibroblasts lacking both E cyclins cannot efficiently exit quiescence. (caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 5-6, aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2, davidge2019cul3regulatescyclin pages 1-4, caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 6-7) | Caldon 2010, Cell Division (Jan 2010) https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-5-2; Aziz 2019, Gastroenterology (Jul 2019) https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.016; Davidge 2019, J Cell Sci (Nov 2019) https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.233049 |
| Disease/oncogenesis relevance | - Ccne1 overexpression drives chromosome instability and liver tumorigenesis in mice. - In liver cancer, Cyclin E1 can act in part independently of CDK2. - Human CCNE1 amplification is broadly linked to replication stress, chromosomal instability, and poor outcomes. |
In inducible mouse models, Ccne1 overexpression causes hepatocellular adenomas and HCCs. Ccne1T MEFs/hepatocytes show incomplete replication, centrosome amplification, spindle defects, aneuploidy, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte polyploidization. In DEN-driven HCC, interventional deletion of Ccne1 reduced tumor burden, whereas Cdk2 deletion did not, supporting a CDK2-independent contribution in progression. (aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2, sonntag2021cycline1in pages 1-2, rustgi2024molecularlandscapeand pages 1-2) | Aziz 2019, Gastroenterology (Jul 2019) https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.016; Sonntag 2021, Cancers (Nov 2021) https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225680; Rustgi 2024, Cancer Res Commun (Jun 2024) https://doi.org/10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0496 |
| 2023-2024 developments/applications | - New work emphasizes replication-stress vulnerabilities in CCNE1-high tumors. - Cyclin E1 proteostasis is being exploited for biomarkers and targeted therapy combinations. - Relevant applications include CHK1, PKMYT1, and resistance-biomarker strategies. |
2023: EILA lncRNA stabilizes cyclin E1 by blocking FBXW7, promoting CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance; >70% of patients in that clinical context progress within 12β36 months. 2024: LMW-E is present in about 70% of TNBC, and confers sensitivity to PKMYT1 inhibitor RP-6306/lunresertib in xenografts and transgenic mouse mammary tumors. 2024: CCNE1 amplification occurs in about 20% of HGSOC and predicts vulnerability to CHK1 inhibitor SRA737; in esophagogastric cancer, CCNE1 amplification was reported in about 12% overall and associated with CIN/therapy-response differences. 2024: PPM1D was identified as a modifier that worsens cyclin E1-induced replication stress, while PPM1D inhibition rescued replication defects in inducible CCNE1 models. (xu2024chk1inhibitorsra737 pages 1-2, cai2023lncrnaeilapromotes pages 1-2, martinikova2024ppm1dactivitypromotes pages 1-2, li2024lowmolecularweight pages 1-3, rustgi2024molecularlandscapeand pages 1-2) | Cai 2023, Sci Adv (Oct 2023) https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi3821; Xu 2024, iScience (Jul 2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.109978; Li 2024, Cancer Res (Aug 2024) https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-4130; Martinikova 2024, Mol Oncol (Oct 2024) https://doi.org/10.1002/1878-0261.13433; Rustgi 2024, Cancer Res Commun (Jun 2024) https://doi.org/10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0496 |
Table: This table summarizes the verified identity, molecular function, localization, regulation, mouse genetics, disease relevance, and recent 2023-2024 translational developments for mouse Ccne1/Cyclin E1. It is designed as a concise evidence map for downstream functional annotation and report writing.
References
(davidge2019cul3regulatescyclin pages 1-4): Brittney Davidge, Katia Graziella de Oliveira Rebola, Larry N. Agbor, Curt D. Sigmund, and Jeffrey D. Singer. Cul3 regulates cyclin e1 protein abundance via a degron located within the n-terminal region of cyclin e. Journal of Cell Science, Nov 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.233049, doi:10.1242/jcs.233049. This article has 21 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 3-5): C. E. Caldon, E. Musgrove, and E. Musgrove. Distinct and redundant functions of cyclin e1 and cyclin e2 in development and cancer. Cell Division, 5:2-2, Jan 2010. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-5-2, doi:10.1186/1747-1028-5-2. This article has 178 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(aziz2019ccne1overexpressioncauses pages 1-2): Khaled Aziz, Jazeel F. Limzerwala, Ines Sturmlechner, Erin Hurley, Cheng Zhang, Karthik B. Jeganathan, Grace Nelson, Steve Bronk, Raul O. Fierro Velasco, Erik-Jan van Deursen, Daniel R. O'Brien, Jean-Pierre A. Kocher, Sameh A. Youssef, Janine H. van Ree, Alain de Bruin, Hilda van den Bos, Diana C.J. Spierings, Floris Foijer, Bart van de Sluis, Lewis R. Roberts, Gregory J. Gores, Hu Li, and Jan M. van Deursen. Ccne1 overexpression causes chromosome instability in liver cells and liver tumor development in mice. Gastroenterology, 157 1:210-226.e12, Jul 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.016, doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.016. This article has 75 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(mishra2024targetingcellcycle pages 3-5): NEELU MISHRA, AASTHA SONI, MANSHI KUMARI, GARIMA SINGH, SONIKA KUMARI SHARMA, and SAMARENDRA KUMAR SINGH. Targeting cell cycle regulators: a new paradigm in cancer therapeutics. BIOCELL, 48:1639-1666, Jan 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2024.056503, doi:10.32604/biocell.2024.056503. This article has 6 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 5-6): C. E. Caldon, E. Musgrove, and E. Musgrove. Distinct and redundant functions of cyclin e1 and cyclin e2 in development and cancer. Cell Division, 5:2-2, Jan 2010. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-5-2, doi:10.1186/1747-1028-5-2. This article has 178 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(caldon2010distinctandredundant pages 6-7): C. E. Caldon, E. Musgrove, and E. Musgrove. Distinct and redundant functions of cyclin e1 and cyclin e2 in development and cancer. Cell Division, 5:2-2, Jan 2010. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-5-2, doi:10.1186/1747-1028-5-2. This article has 178 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(cai2023lncrnaeilapromotes pages 1-2): Zijie Cai, Qianfeng Shi, Yudong Li, Liang Jin, Shunying Li, Lok Lam Wong, Jingru Wang, Xiaoting Jiang, Mengdi Zhu, Jinna Lin, Qi Wang, Wang Yang, Yujie Liu, Jun Zhang, Chang Gong, Herui Yao, Yandan Yao, and Qiang Liu. Lncrna eila promotes cdk4/6 inhibitor resistance in breast cancer by stabilizing cyclin e1 protein. Science Advances, Oct 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi3821, doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi3821. This article has 31 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(xu2024chk1inhibitorsra737 pages 1-2): Haineng Xu, Sarah B. Gitto, Gwo-Yaw Ho, Sergey Medvedev, Kristy Shield-Artin, Hyoung Kim, Sally Beard, Yasuto Kinose, Xiaolei Wang, Holly E. Barker, Gayanie Ratnayake, Wei-Ting Hwang, Ryan J. Hansen, Bryan Strouse, Snezana Milutinovic, Christian Hassig, Matthew J. Wakefield, Cassandra J. Vandenberg, Clare L. Scott, and Fiona Simpkins. Chk1 inhibitor sra737 is active in parp inhibitor resistant and ccne1 amplified ovarian cancer. iScience, 27:109978, Jul 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.109978, doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109978. This article has 8 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(li2024lowmolecularweight pages 1-3): Mi Li, Amriti R. Lulla, Yan Wang, Spyros Tsavaschidis, Fuchenchu Wang, Cansu Karakas, Tuyen D.T. Nguyen, Tuyen N. Bui, Marc A. Pina, Mei-Kuang Chen, Sofia Mastoraki, Asha S. Multani, Natalie W. Fowlkes, Aysegul Sahin, C. Gary Marshall, Kelly K. Hunt, and Khandan Keyomarsi. Low molecular weight cyclin e confers a vulnerability to pkmyt1 inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer research, 84:3864-3880, Aug 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-4130, doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-4130. This article has 14 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(martinikova2024ppm1dactivitypromotes pages 1-2): Andra S. Martinikova, Miroslav Stoyanov, Anna Oravetzova, Yannick P. Kok, Shibo Yu, Jana Dobrovolna, Pavel Janscak, Marcel van Vugt, and Libor Macurek.
(rustgi2024molecularlandscapeand pages 1-2): Naryan Rustgi, Sharon Wu, Timothy Samec, Phillip Walker, Joanne Xiu, Emil Lou, Sanjay Goel, Anwaar Saeed, and Ryan H. Moy. Molecular landscape and clinical implication of ccne1-amplified esophagogastric cancer. Cancer Research Communications, 4:1399-1409, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0496, doi:10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0496. This article has 11 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(sonntag2021cycline1in pages 1-2): Roland Sonntag, Christian Penners, Marlene Kohlhepp, Ute Haas, Daniela Lambertz, Andreas Kroh, Thorsten Cramer, Fabio Ticconi, Ivan G. Costa, Frank Tacke, Nikolaus Gassler, Christian Trautwein, and Christian Liedtke. Cyclin e1 in murine and human liver cancer: a promising target for therapeutic intervention during tumour progression. Cancers, 13:5680, Nov 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225680, doi:10.3390/cancers13225680. This article has 10 citations.
id: Q61457
gene_symbol: Ccne1
product_type: PROTEIN
status: COMPLETE
description: 'Cyclin E1 is a non-catalytic regulatory cyclin that binds CDK2 to form the cyclin
E1-CDK2 kinase complex, promoting late G1 progression, G1/S transition, and DNA replication
origin licensing. Mouse Ccne1 overlaps with Ccne2 for many mitotic cycles, but E-type cyclins
are required for cell-cycle reentry, endoreplication in specialized lineages, and male meiotic
chromosome pairing and telomere stability. The protein is primarily nuclear/nucleoplasmic
and is controlled by phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitin-mediated degradation.'
taxon:
id: NCBITaxon:10090
label: Mus musculus
existing_annotations:
- term:
id: GO:0000082
label: G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Cyclin E1 is a CDK2 regulatory cyclin that drives the G1/S transition.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2
complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
- term:
id: GO:0005737
label: cytoplasm
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
- term:
id: GO:0016538
label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: MODIFY
reason: Cyclin E1 is the non-catalytic cyclin that activates CDK2; the replacement
term captures this regulatory activation more specifically than the parent
regulator term.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0061575
label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2
complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
- term:
id: GO:0097134
label: cyclin E1-CDK2 complex
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2
complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
- term:
id: GO:0005815
label: microtubule organizing center
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
- term:
id: GO:1900087
label: positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
- term:
id: GO:0000723
label: telomere maintenance
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
- term:
id: GO:0006270
label: DNA replication initiation
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Cyclin E1 associates with DNA replication origins and supports
pre-replication complex formation by facilitating MCM loading at origins.
- term:
id: GO:0007129
label: homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
- term:
id: GO:0016538
label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: MODIFY
reason: Cyclin E1 is the non-catalytic cyclin that activates CDK2; the replacement
term captures this regulatory activation more specifically than the parent
regulator term.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0061575
label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2
complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
- term:
id: GO:0019901
label: protein kinase binding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
- term:
id: GO:0051301
label: cell division
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:17700700
review:
summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory
activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:17700700
supporting_text: Cdk1 is sufficient to drive the mammalian cell cycle.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:19592082
review:
summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory
activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:19592082
supporting_text: Cyclin A is redundant in fibroblasts but essential in
hematopoietic and embryonic stem cells.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:20150892
review:
summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory
activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:20150892
supporting_text: Genetic analysis of Ras signalling pathways in cell
proliferation, migration and survival.
- term:
id: GO:0000082
label: G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
- term:
id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
- term:
id: GO:1902462
label: positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
- term:
id: GO:0000082
label: G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
evidence_type: ISO
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: ISO
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
- term:
id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
evidence_type: ISO
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
- term:
id: GO:0005813
label: centrosome
evidence_type: ISO
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
- term:
id: GO:0019901
label: protein kinase binding
evidence_type: ISO
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
- term:
id: GO:0044877
label: protein-containing complex binding
evidence_type: ISO
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
- term:
id: GO:0045597
label: positive regulation of cell differentiation
evidence_type: ISO
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
- term:
id: GO:0097134
label: cyclin E1-CDK2 complex
evidence_type: ISO
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
- term:
id: GO:1902462
label: positive regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
evidence_type: ISO
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: ISS
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
- term:
id: GO:0000122
label: negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
evidence_type: IGI
original_reference_id: PMID:7797074
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:7797074
supporting_text: Regulation of the retinoblastoma protein-related p107 by G1
cyclin complexes.
- term:
id: GO:0000723
label: telomere maintenance
evidence_type: IGI
original_reference_id: PMID:24586195
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:24586195
supporting_text: Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomere
stability and CDK2 localization in male meiosis.
- term:
id: GO:0007129
label: homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis
evidence_type: IGI
original_reference_id: PMID:24586195
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:24586195
supporting_text: Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomere
stability and CDK2 localization in male meiosis.
- term:
id: GO:0032880
label: regulation of protein localization
evidence_type: IGI
original_reference_id: PMID:24586195
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:24586195
supporting_text: Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomere
stability and CDK2 localization in male meiosis.
- term:
id: GO:0070192
label: chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle
evidence_type: IGI
original_reference_id: PMID:24586195
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:24586195
supporting_text: Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomere
stability and CDK2 localization in male meiosis.
- term:
id: GO:0097134
label: cyclin E1-CDK2 complex
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:7739547
review:
summary: PMID:7739547 is an INK4/CDK4-CDK6 inhibitor paper and only uses cyclin E-CDK2 as a negative-control comparison, not as direct evidence for the cyclin E1-CDK2 complex.
action: REMOVE
reason: The cyclin E1-CDK2 complex term is biologically correct for Ccne1 and is retained through other evidence rows, but this specific IDA reference does not demonstrate the complex.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:7739547
supporting_text: Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the
cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.
- term:
id: GO:0006468
label: protein phosphorylation
evidence_type: ISS
original_reference_id: PMID:10500095
review:
summary: The annotation attributes catalytic kinase/phosphorylation activity to
cyclin E1.
action: MODIFY
reason: Cyclin E1 is the non-catalytic CDK2 cyclin; the replacement term better
captures its regulatory activation of a CDK kinase complex.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0061575
label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:10500095
supporting_text: Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S phase
in mammalian cells.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:20215406
review:
summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory
activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:20215406
supporting_text: Ciz1 cooperates with cyclin-A-CDK2 to activate mammalian DNA
replication in vitro.
- term:
id: GO:0019901
label: protein kinase binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:11981756
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:11981756
supporting_text: The p21(Cip1) protein, a cyclin inhibitor, regulates the levels
and the intracellular localization of CDC25A in mice regenerating livers.
- term:
id: GO:0016055
label: Wnt signaling pathway
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:19056892
review:
summary: The cited Wnt/p27 turnover paper does not support direct Ccne1 involvement.
action: REMOVE
reason: PMID:19056892 describes Wnt-dependent p27 turnover through CUL4A/B in
mammary tumors, not a direct Ccne1/cyclin E1 role in Wnt signaling.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:19056892
supporting_text: A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent p27
turnover in mammary tumors.
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:10500095
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:10500095
supporting_text: Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S phase
in mammalian cells.
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:10500095
review:
summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory
activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:10500095
supporting_text: Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S phase
in mammalian cells.
- term:
id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
evidence_type: ISO
original_reference_id: PMID:16109376
review:
summary: The cited paper does not support Ccne1 nuclear localization.
action: REMOVE
reason: PMID:16109376 is about Brd4/P-TEFb, cyclin T1, and CDK9 biology, not
Ccne1/cyclin E1 localization. Cyclin E1 nuclear localization is supported by
other evidence, but this evidence assertion should not be retained.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16109376
supporting_text: The bromodomain protein Brd4 is a positive regulatory component
of P-TEFb and stimulates RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription.
- term:
id: GO:0016538
label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:12970171
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: MODIFY
reason: Cyclin E1 is the non-catalytic cyclin that activates CDK2; the replacement
term captures this regulatory activation more specifically than the parent
regulator term.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0061575
label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12970171
supporting_text: Deletion of Mnt leads to disrupted cell cycle control and
tumorigenesis.
- reference_id: file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2
complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
- term:
id: GO:0051726
label: regulation of cell cycle
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:12970171
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12970171
supporting_text: Deletion of Mnt leads to disrupted cell cycle control and
tumorigenesis.
- term:
id: GO:0000307
label: cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:12970760
review:
summary: Supported but context-specific cyclin E1 biology.
action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
reason: The annotation reflects a meiotic, differentiation, localization, or
interaction consequence rather than the primary cyclin E1-CDK2 G1/S regulatory
function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12970760
supporting_text: 'Caspase-3 regulates cell cycle in B cells: a consequence of substrate
specificity.'
- term:
id: GO:0005515
label: protein binding
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:12970760
review:
summary: The annotation is too vague to be useful.
action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
reason: Protein binding does not capture the informative cyclin E1-CDK2 regulatory
activity and should not be retained as a meaningful function annotation.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12970760
supporting_text: 'Caspase-3 regulates cell cycle in B cells: a consequence of substrate
specificity.'
- term:
id: GO:0006468
label: protein phosphorylation
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:12124778
review:
summary: The cited paper does not support Ccne1 kinase or activator function.
action: REMOVE
reason: PMID:12124778 is about Gadd45b/g inhibition of Cdk1/cyclin B1 and explicitly
not other Cdk/cyclin complexes, so it cannot support a Ccne1 phosphorylation or
CDK activator assertion.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12124778
supporting_text: GADD45b and GADD45g are cdc2/cyclinB1 kinase inhibitors with a
role in S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints induced by genotoxic stress.
- term:
id: GO:0016301
label: kinase activity
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:12124778
review:
summary: The cited paper does not support Ccne1 kinase or activator function.
action: REMOVE
reason: PMID:12124778 is about Gadd45b/g inhibition of Cdk1/cyclin B1 and explicitly
not other Cdk/cyclin complexes, so it cannot support a Ccne1 kinase activity or
CDK activator assertion.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12124778
supporting_text: GADD45b and GADD45g are cdc2/cyclinB1 kinase inhibitors with a
role in S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints induced by genotoxic stress.
- term:
id: GO:0006270
label: DNA replication initiation
evidence_type: IMP
original_reference_id: PMID:12941272
review:
summary: Supported core cyclin E1/CDK2 G1/S function or nuclear localization.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The term reflects cyclin E1 binding/regulating CDK2 to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:12941272
supporting_text: Cyclin E ablation in the mouse.
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000024
title: Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to
orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000043
title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000096
title: Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to
mouse-rat orthologs
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000107
title: Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to
orthologs using Ensembl Compara
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000117
title: Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000119
title: Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to
mouse-human orthologs
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000120
title: Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
findings: []
- id: PMID:10500095
title: Cullin-3 targets cyclin E for ubiquitination and controls S phase in mammalian
cells.
findings: []
- id: PMID:11981756
title: The p21(Cip1) protein, a cyclin inhibitor, regulates the levels and the
intracellular localization of CDC25A in mice regenerating livers.
findings: []
- id: PMID:12124778
title: GADD45b and GADD45g are cdc2/cyclinB1 kinase inhibitors with a role in S and
G2/M cell cycle checkpoints induced by genotoxic stress.
findings: []
- id: PMID:12941272
title: Cyclin E ablation in the mouse.
findings: []
- id: PMID:12970171
title: Deletion of Mnt leads to disrupted cell cycle control and tumorigenesis.
findings: []
- id: PMID:12970760
title: 'Caspase-3 regulates cell cycle in B cells: a consequence of substrate specificity.'
findings: []
- id: PMID:16109376
title: The bromodomain protein Brd4 is a positive regulatory component of P-TEFb and
stimulates RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription.
findings: []
- id: PMID:17700700
title: Cdk1 is sufficient to drive the mammalian cell cycle.
findings: []
- id: PMID:19056892
title: A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent p27 turnover in
mammary tumors.
findings: []
- id: PMID:19592082
title: Cyclin A is redundant in fibroblasts but essential in hematopoietic and
embryonic stem cells.
findings: []
- id: PMID:20150892
title: Genetic analysis of Ras signalling pathways in cell proliferation, migration
and survival.
findings: []
- id: PMID:20215406
title: Ciz1 cooperates with cyclin-A-CDK2 to activate mammalian DNA replication in
vitro.
findings: []
- id: PMID:24586195
title: Mammalian E-type cyclins control chromosome pairing, telomere stability and
CDK2 localization in male meiosis.
findings: []
- id: PMID:7739547
title: Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin
D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.
findings: []
- id: PMID:7797074
title: Regulation of the retinoblastoma protein-related p107 by G1 cyclin complexes.
findings: []
- id: file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
title: Falcon deep research synthesis for mouse Ccne1
findings:
- statement: Cyclin E1 activates CDK2 to drive G1/S transition and also supports DNA
replication origin licensing through chromatin-associated replication factors.
supporting_text: Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2
complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
core_functions:
- description: Cyclin E1 regulates CDK2 in the cyclin E1-CDK2 complex to promote G1/S
transition and DNA replication initiation.
molecular_function:
id: GO:0061575
label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
directly_involved_in:
- id: GO:0000082
label: G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
- id: GO:0006270
label: DNA replication initiation
locations:
- id: GO:0005634
label: nucleus
- id: GO:0005654
label: nucleoplasm
in_complex:
id: GO:0097134
label: cyclin E1-CDK2 complex
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-uniprot.txt
supporting_text: Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S
- reference_id: file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Cyclin E1 is a regulatory subunit of CDK2; the cyclin E-CDK2
complex is a central driver of the G1/S transition and S-phase entry.
- reference_id: file:mouse/Ccne1/Ccne1-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Cyclin E1 associates with DNA replication origins and supports
pre-replication complex formation by facilitating MCM loading at origins.