Cdk5r1

UniProt ID: P61809
Organism: Mus musculus
Review Status: COMPLETE
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Gene Description

Cdk5r1 encodes p35, a neuron-enriched regulatory activator of CDK5, and its calpain-generated p25 cleavage product. p35/p25 are not kinases themselves; they bind CDK5 in the protein kinase 5 complex and activate CDK5-dependent phosphorylation programs that control neuronal migration, cortical lamination, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, synaptic development, and neuronal survival. Myristoylated p35 is membrane/cytoplasmic, while p25 is more cytosolic and nuclear, explaining the mixed cellular localization annotations.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0061575 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
Cdk5r1/p35 is not an enzyme; its primary molecular function is to activate and spatially target the serine/threonine kinase CDK5 by direct binding.
GO:0007420 brain development
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0007411 axon guidance
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0019901 protein kinase binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0030426 growth cone
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0016533 protein kinase 5 complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0021722 superior olivary nucleus maturation
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0021819 layer formation in cerebral cortex
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0043005 neuron projection
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0043204 perikaryon
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0048511 rhythmic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000043
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
GO:0061575 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17341134
Cdk5 is involved in BDNF-stimulated dendritic growth in hipp...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17341134
Cdk5 is involved in BDNF-stimulated dendritic growth in hippocampal neurons.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18325333
CDK5 activator p35 downregulates E-cadherin precursor indepe...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18325333
CDK5 activator p35 downregulates E-cadherin precursor independently of CDK5.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:24561619
Role of the SIK2-p35-PJA2 complex in pancreatic β-cell funct...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24561619
Role of the SIK2-p35-PJA2 complex in pancreatic β-cell functional compensation.
GO:0016533 protein kinase 5 complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0019901 protein kinase binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0043539 protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MODIFY
Summary: Supported but less specific than the CDK-specific activator term.
Reason: Cdk5r1/p35 activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK5; replace this broader serine/threonine kinase activator term with the more specific cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting.
GO:0045892 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IEA
GO_REF:0000107
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
GO:0018105 peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
MODIFY
Summary: The annotation attributes kinase/phosphorylation activity to the CDK5 activator subunit.
Reason: Cdk5r1/p35 is not the catalytic kinase; it activates CDK5, so the replacement term better represents the molecular role.
GO:0018107 peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
MODIFY
Summary: The annotation attributes kinase/phosphorylation activity to the CDK5 activator subunit.
Reason: Cdk5r1/p35 is not the catalytic kinase; it activates CDK5, so the replacement term better represents the molecular role.
GO:0000307 cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0005509 calcium ion binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
GO:0005634 nucleus
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0007213 G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0009792 embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0014069 postsynaptic density
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0016020 membrane
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0016301 kinase activity
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
MODIFY
Summary: The annotation attributes kinase/phosphorylation activity to the CDK5 activator subunit.
Reason: Cdk5r1/p35 is not the catalytic kinase; it activates CDK5, so the replacement term better represents the molecular role.
GO:0016533 protein kinase 5 complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0019901 protein kinase binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0019901 protein kinase binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0030182 neuron differentiation
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0030425 dendrite
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0030426 growth cone
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0031175 neuron projection development
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0031594 neuromuscular junction
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0035235 ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0043197 dendritic spine
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0043292 contractile muscle fiber
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0043525 positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0043539 protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
MODIFY
Summary: Supported but less specific than the CDK-specific activator term.
Reason: Cdk5r1/p35 activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK5; replace this broader serine/threonine kinase activator term with the more specific cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting.
GO:0043539 protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
MODIFY
Summary: Supported but less specific than the CDK-specific activator term.
Reason: Cdk5r1/p35 activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK5; replace this broader serine/threonine kinase activator term with the more specific cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting.
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0045348 positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
GO:0045892 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
GO:0046875 ephrin receptor binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0061575 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0061575 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0098693 regulation of synaptic vesicle cycle
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0098793 presynapse
ISO
GO_REF:0000096
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:1903265 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
ISO
GO_REF:0000119
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9634937
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0070315 G1 to G0 transition involved in cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:21566658
A novel RING finger protein, Znf179, modulates cell cycle ex...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21566658
A novel RING finger protein, Znf179, modulates cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.
GO:0061575 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
IMP
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 func...
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function during neurodevelopment.
GO:0061575 cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
TAS
PMID:12516540
The TGF-beta response to Leishmania chagasi in the absence o...
REMOVE
Summary: The cited PMID does not support a Cdk5r1/CDK5 activator annotation.
Reason: PMID:12516540 is a Leishmania/IL-12/TGF-beta study and does not provide evidence for Cdk5r1 acting as a CDK5 activator. The molecular function is supported elsewhere in this review, but this evidence assertion should not be retained.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12516540
The TGF-beta response to Leishmania chagasi in the absence of IL-12.
GO:0009792 embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0003779 actin binding
IPI
PMID:19118186
Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19118186
Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing tau-tubulin kinase 1.
GO:0002020 protease binding
IPI
PMID:19118186
Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19118186
Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing tau-tubulin kinase 1.
GO:0019901 protein kinase binding
IPI
PMID:19118186
Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and...
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19118186
Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing tau-tubulin kinase 1.
GO:0035255 ionotropic glutamate receptor binding
IPI
PMID:19118186
Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19118186
Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing tau-tubulin kinase 1.
GO:0051015 actin filament binding
IPI
PMID:19118186
Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19118186
Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing tau-tubulin kinase 1.
GO:0042501 serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
IDA
PMID:15096606
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates signal transducer a...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15096606
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and regulates its transcriptional activity.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-8868356
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-8868383
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-8863416
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-8868331
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-8868583
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-8868589
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-8868677
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-8870566
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-8863416
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18054859
Cdk5 promotes synaptogenesis by regulating the subcellular d...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18054859
Cdk5 promotes synaptogenesis by regulating the subcellular distribution of the MAGUK family member CASK.
GO:0090314 positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane
IDA
PMID:18054859
Cdk5 promotes synaptogenesis by regulating the subcellular d...
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18054859
Cdk5 promotes synaptogenesis by regulating the subcellular distribution of the MAGUK family member CASK.
GO:0001764 neuron migration
IGI
PMID:11226314
Synergistic contributions of cyclin-dependant kinase 5/p35 a...
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11226314
Synergistic contributions of cyclin-dependant kinase 5/p35 and Reelin/Dab1 to the positioning of cortical neurons in the developing mouse brain.
GO:0001764 neuron migration
IGI
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 func...
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function during neurodevelopment.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15096606
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates signal transducer a...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15096606
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and regulates its transcriptional activity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15489224
Cdk5/p35 phosphorylates mSds3 and regulates mSds3-mediated r...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15489224
Cdk5/p35 phosphorylates mSds3 and regulates mSds3-mediated repression of transcription.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17529984
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 governs learning and synaptic plas...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17529984
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 governs learning and synaptic plasticity via control of NMDAR degradation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17591690
Stabilization and activation of p53 induced by Cdk5 contribu...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17591690
Stabilization and activation of p53 induced by Cdk5 contributes to neuronal cell death.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:15096606
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates signal transducer a...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15096606
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and regulates its transcriptional activity.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:17591690
Stabilization and activation of p53 induced by Cdk5 contribu...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17591690
Stabilization and activation of p53 induced by Cdk5 contributes to neuronal cell death.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:15123626
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 associated with p39 promotes Munc1...
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15123626
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 associated with p39 promotes Munc18-1 phosphorylation and Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis.
GO:0021549 cerebellum development
IMP
PMID:11226314
Synergistic contributions of cyclin-dependant kinase 5/p35 a...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11226314
Synergistic contributions of cyclin-dependant kinase 5/p35 and Reelin/Dab1 to the positioning of cortical neurons in the developing mouse brain.
GO:0021549 cerebellum development
IGI
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 func...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function during neurodevelopment.
GO:0021722 superior olivary nucleus maturation
IGI
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 func...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function during neurodevelopment.
GO:0021766 hippocampus development
IGI
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 func...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function during neurodevelopment.
GO:0021819 layer formation in cerebral cortex
IGI
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 func...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function during neurodevelopment.
GO:0045860 positive regulation of protein kinase activity
IGI
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 func...
MODIFY
Summary: Supported, but too broad for the specific Cdk5r1 molecular function.
Reason: PMID:11517264 supports p35/p39 requirement for CDK5 function, so the more specific cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity term should replace this broad positive regulation of protein kinase activity annotation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11517264
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function during neurodevelopment.
file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17143272
Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction thr...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17143272
Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction through an ephexin1-dependent mechanism.
GO:0014069 postsynaptic density
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0048013 ephrin receptor signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:17143272
Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction thr...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17143272
Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction through an ephexin1-dependent mechanism.
GO:0061001 regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:17143272
Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction thr...
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17143272
Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction through an ephexin1-dependent mechanism.
GO:0021799 cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration
IMP
PMID:20624590
Dixdc1 is a critical regulator of DISC1 and embryonic cortic...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20624590
Dixdc1 is a critical regulator of DISC1 and embryonic cortical development.
GO:0032956 regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization
IMP
PMID:20624590
Dixdc1 is a critical regulator of DISC1 and embryonic cortic...
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20624590
Dixdc1 is a critical regulator of DISC1 and embryonic cortical development.
GO:0070507 regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization
IMP
PMID:20624590
Dixdc1 is a critical regulator of DISC1 and embryonic cortic...
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20624590
Dixdc1 is a critical regulator of DISC1 and embryonic cortical development.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:11276227
Cdk5 is involved in neuregulin-induced AChR expression at th...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11276227
Cdk5 is involved in neuregulin-induced AChR expression at the neuromuscular junction.
GO:0007213 G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0001764 neuron migration
IDA
PMID:9010203
Mice lacking p35, a neuronal specific activator of Cdk5, dis...
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9010203
Mice lacking p35, a neuronal specific activator of Cdk5, display cortical lamination defects, seizures, and adult lethality.
GO:0005509 calcium ion binding
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
GO:0005634 nucleus
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0007158 neuron cell-cell adhesion
IMP
PMID:10753743
Regulation of N-cadherin-mediated adhesion by the p35-Cdk5 k...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10753743
Regulation of N-cadherin-mediated adhesion by the p35-Cdk5 kinase.
GO:0007411 axon guidance
IMP
PMID:10545161
Callosal axon guidance defects in p35(-/-) mice.
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10545161
Callosal axon guidance defects in p35(-/-) mice.
GO:0007413 axonal fasciculation
IMP
PMID:10545161
Callosal axon guidance defects in p35(-/-) mice.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10545161
Callosal axon guidance defects in p35(-/-) mice.
GO:0007420 brain development
IMP
PMID:10545161
Callosal axon guidance defects in p35(-/-) mice.
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10545161
Callosal axon guidance defects in p35(-/-) mice.
GO:0016020 membrane
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0016301 kinase activity
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MODIFY
Summary: The annotation attributes kinase/phosphorylation activity to the CDK5 activator subunit.
Reason: Cdk5r1/p35 is not the catalytic kinase; it activates CDK5, so the replacement term better represents the molecular role.
GO:0030182 neuron differentiation
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0030425 dendrite
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0030426 growth cone
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0031175 neuron projection development
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0031594 neuromuscular junction
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0035235 ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0043025 neuronal cell body
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0043197 dendritic spine
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal localization/process.
Reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
GO:0043292 contractile muscle fiber
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0043525 positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0043539 protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MODIFY
Summary: Supported but less specific than the CDK-specific activator term.
Reason: Cdk5r1/p35 activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK5; replace this broader serine/threonine kinase activator term with the more specific cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting.
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12496365
CDK5 regulates cell adhesion and migration in corneal epithe...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct Cdk5r1 function.
Reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25 because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12496365
CDK5 regulates cell adhesion and migration in corneal epithelial cells.
GO:0008092 cytoskeletal protein binding
TAS
PMID:12496365
CDK5 regulates cell adhesion and migration in corneal epithe...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
Reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the primary CDK5 activation role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12496365
CDK5 regulates cell adhesion and migration in corneal epithelial cells.

Core Functions

p35/p25 activates CDK5 in the protein kinase 5 complex to regulate neuronal migration, axon guidance, and neuronal cytoskeletal organization.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-uniprot.txt
    p35 is a neuron specific activator of CDK5
  • file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
    Cdk5r1/p35 is not an enzyme; its primary molecular function is to activate and spatially target the serine/threonine kinase CDK5 by direct binding.
  • file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
    Neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth, synaptic vesicle cycling, and postsynaptic plasticity are repeatedly implicated in Cdk5/p35 biology.

References

Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity
Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by UniProt
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-rat orthologs
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara
Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs
Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
Callosal axon guidance defects in p35(-/-) mice.
Regulation of N-cadherin-mediated adhesion by the p35-Cdk5 kinase.
Synergistic contributions of cyclin-dependant kinase 5/p35 and Reelin/Dab1 to the positioning of cortical neurons in the developing mouse brain.
Cdk5 is involved in neuregulin-induced AChR expression at the neuromuscular junction.
p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function during neurodevelopment.
CDK5 regulates cell adhesion and migration in corneal epithelial cells.
The TGF-beta response to Leishmania chagasi in the absence of IL-12.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and regulates its transcriptional activity.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 associated with p39 promotes Munc18-1 phosphorylation and Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis.
Cdk5/p35 phosphorylates mSds3 and regulates mSds3-mediated repression of transcription.
Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction through an ephexin1-dependent mechanism.
Cdk5 is involved in BDNF-stimulated dendritic growth in hippocampal neurons.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 governs learning and synaptic plasticity via control of NMDAR degradation.
Stabilization and activation of p53 induced by Cdk5 contributes to neuronal cell death.
Cdk5 promotes synaptogenesis by regulating the subcellular distribution of the MAGUK family member CASK.
CDK5 activator p35 downregulates E-cadherin precursor independently of CDK5.
Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing tau-tubulin kinase 1.
Dixdc1 is a critical regulator of DISC1 and embryonic cortical development.
A novel RING finger protein, Znf179, modulates cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.
Role of the SIK2-p35-PJA2 complex in pancreatic β-cell functional compensation.
Mice lacking p35, a neuronal specific activator of Cdk5, display cortical lamination defects, seizures, and adult lethality.
Reactome:R-MMU-8863416
Calpain 1 or Calpain 2 cleaves Cdk5r1 (p35)
Reactome:R-MMU-8868331
Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates Golga2
Reactome:R-MMU-8868356
Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates lamin A
Reactome:R-MMU-8868383
Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates lamin B1
Reactome:R-MMU-8868583
Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates Prdx1
Reactome:R-MMU-8868589
Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates Prdx2
Reactome:R-MMU-8868677
Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates Jun
Reactome:R-MMU-9634937
Cdk5r1 gene expression is stimulated by Npas4
Reactome:R-NUL-8870566
Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates FOXO3
file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
Falcon deep research synthesis for mouse Cdk5r1
  • Cdk5r1/p35 is the non-catalytic regulatory activator that binds and spatially targets CDK5 in neurons.
    "Cdk5r1/p35 is not an enzyme; its primary molecular function is to activate and spatially target the serine/threonine kinase CDK5 by direct binding."
  • Myristoylated p35 localizes CDK5 activity to membrane-associated neuronal compartments, while calpain-cleaved p25 can redistribute activity to cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments.
    "p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting."

📚 Additional Documentation

Deep Research Falcon

(Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md)

provider: falcon
model: Edison Scientific Literature
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start_time: '2026-05-03T16:32:10.588320'
end_time: '2026-05-03T16:54:19.265866'
duration_seconds: 1328.68
template_file: templates/gene_research_go_focused.md
template_variables:
organism: mouse
gene_id: Cdk5r1
gene_symbol: Cdk5r1
uniprot_accession: P61809
protein_description: 'RecName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1; Short=CDK5
activator 1; AltName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1; AltName:
Full=TPKII regulatory subunit; Contains: RecName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase
5 activator 1, p35; Short=p35; Contains: RecName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase
5 activator 1, p25; Short=p25; AltName: Full=Tau protein kinase II 23 kDa subunit;
Short=p23; Flags: Precursor;'
gene_info: Name=Cdk5r1; Synonyms=Cdk5r, Nck5a;
organism_full: Mus musculus (Mouse).
protein_family: Belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator family.
protein_domains: CDK5_activator. (IPR004944); Cyclin-like_sf. (IPR036915); CDK5_activator
(PF03261)
provider_config:
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citation_count: 34


Question

Gene Research for Functional Annotation

⚠️ CRITICAL: Gene/Protein Identification Context

BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.

Target Gene/Protein Identity (from UniProt):

  • UniProt Accession: P61809
  • Protein Description: RecName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1; Short=CDK5 activator 1; AltName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1; AltName: Full=TPKII regulatory subunit; Contains: RecName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1, p35; Short=p35; Contains: RecName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1, p25; Short=p25; AltName: Full=Tau protein kinase II 23 kDa subunit; Short=p23; Flags: Precursor;
  • Gene Information: Name=Cdk5r1; Synonyms=Cdk5r, Nck5a;
  • Organism (full): Mus musculus (Mouse).
  • Protein Family: Belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator family.
  • Key Domains: CDK5_activator. (IPR004944); Cyclin-like_sf. (IPR036915); CDK5_activator (PF03261)

MANDATORY VERIFICATION STEPS:

  1. Check if the gene symbol "Cdk5r1" matches the protein description above
  2. Verify the organism is correct: Mus musculus (Mouse).
  3. Check if protein family/domains align with what you find in literature
  4. If you find literature for a DIFFERENT gene with the same or similar symbol, STOP

If Gene Symbol is Ambiguous or You Cannot Find Relevant Literature:

DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'Cdk5r1' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information

Research Target:

Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene Cdk5r1 (gene ID: Cdk5r1, UniProt: P61809) in mouse.

The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.

You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.

We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.

We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.

We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.

Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.

Output

Question: You are an expert researcher providing comprehensive, well-cited information.

Provide detailed information focusing on:
1. Key concepts and definitions with current understanding
2. Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023-2024 sources)
3. Current applications and real-world implementations
4. Expert opinions and analysis from authoritative sources
5. Relevant statistics and data from recent studies

Format as a comprehensive research report with proper citations. Include URLs and publication dates where available.
Always prioritize recent, authoritative sources and provide specific citations for all major claims.

Gene Research for Functional Annotation

⚠️ CRITICAL: Gene/Protein Identification Context

BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.

Target Gene/Protein Identity (from UniProt):

  • UniProt Accession: P61809
  • Protein Description: RecName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1; Short=CDK5 activator 1; AltName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1; AltName: Full=TPKII regulatory subunit; Contains: RecName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1, p35; Short=p35; Contains: RecName: Full=Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1, p25; Short=p25; AltName: Full=Tau protein kinase II 23 kDa subunit; Short=p23; Flags: Precursor;
  • Gene Information: Name=Cdk5r1; Synonyms=Cdk5r, Nck5a;
  • Organism (full): Mus musculus (Mouse).
  • Protein Family: Belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator family.
  • Key Domains: CDK5_activator. (IPR004944); Cyclin-like_sf. (IPR036915); CDK5_activator (PF03261)

MANDATORY VERIFICATION STEPS:

  1. Check if the gene symbol "Cdk5r1" matches the protein description above
  2. Verify the organism is correct: Mus musculus (Mouse).
  3. Check if protein family/domains align with what you find in literature
  4. If you find literature for a DIFFERENT gene with the same or similar symbol, STOP

If Gene Symbol is Ambiguous or You Cannot Find Relevant Literature:

DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'Cdk5r1' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information

Research Target:

Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene Cdk5r1 (gene ID: Cdk5r1, UniProt: P61809) in mouse.

The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.

You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.

We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.

We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.

We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.

Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.

Comprehensive research report: mouse Cdk5r1 (UniProt P61809) — functional annotation of CDK5 activator p35/p25

Executive summary

Mouse Cdk5r1 encodes p35, the neuron-enriched, non-cyclin regulatory subunit that is obligatory for activation and spatial targeting of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in the nervous system. p35 is N-terminally myristoylated, concentrating active CDK5 at membranes, growth cones, and synapses to support neuronal development and synaptic function. Under cellular stress, calpain cleaves p35 to p25, removing the N-terminal membrane-targeting element and producing a longer-lived activator that can mislocalize CDK5 activity to cytoplasmic/nuclear compartments, a mechanism widely implicated in neurodegeneration (pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4, pao2021threedecadesof pages 1-3, nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2).

Identity verification (critical disambiguation)

The gene symbol Cdk5r1 in mouse is consistently used in the literature to denote CDK5 regulatory subunit 1 (p35), including its proteolytic products p25/p10, matching the UniProt P61809 entry description and processing (p35/p25) context (pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4, kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4). p35 is repeatedly described as the principal neuronal activator of CDK5 and as a membrane-associated targeting subunit through N-terminal myristoylation (pao2021threedecadesof pages 1-3, pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4).

1) Key concepts and definitions (current understanding)

1.1 CDK5 and the role of p35 (Cdk5r1)

CDK5 is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase that—unlike classical cell-cycle CDKs—achieves functional activity in neurons primarily via binding to non-cyclin activators p35 (Cdk5r1) or p39 (Cdk5r2). p35 is described as an obligate regulatory subunit: CDK5 is functionally activated by direct binding to p35 in brain/neuronal contexts (pao2021threedecadesof pages 1-3, pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4). CDK5 activity is highest in the nervous system largely because p35/p39 expression is enriched in post-mitotic neurons (pao2021threedecadesof pages 1-3, wong2023improvingnkand pages 28-33).

1.2 Proteolytic processing: p35 → p25 via calpain

A central concept for functional annotation is that p35 can be cleaved by calpain into p25 (C-terminal CDK5-activating fragment) and p10 (N-terminal fragment). This cleavage removes the N-terminal membrane targeting module (p10), generating p25 that retains CDK5 activation capacity but is more stable, often causing dysregulated signaling (lunghi2015theroleof pages 38-43, nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2). Quantitatively, p25/p29 are reported to have ~5–10-fold longer half-lives than p35/p39 in summarized mechanistic literature (lunghi2015theroleof pages 38-43).

1.3 Subcellular localization: myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting

p35 contains an N-terminal myristoylation signal (notably a conserved Gly2) that targets p35 and bound CDK5 to membrane-associated compartments. Subcellular fractionation and mechanistic summaries support enrichment of p35 in membrane fractions and dependence on myristoylation for membrane targeting (pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4, kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4). Cleavage to p25 removes this N-terminus and is described to favor cytoplasmic and nuclear mislocalization of CDK5 activity in pathological contexts (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2).

1.4 Regulatory mechanisms (turnover and phosphorylation)

p35 is described as labile and under tight negative-feedback control: autophosphorylation and ubiquitin–proteasome turnover contribute to rapid degradation (wong2023improvingnkand pages 28-33, lunghi2015theroleof pages 38-43). Reported p35 half-life values include 20–30 minutes (one source) and 30–60 minutes (a 2023 review), emphasizing rapid turnover relative to p25 (wong2023improvingnkand pages 28-33, nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 2-3). CDK5-dependent phosphorylation of p35 at S8 is reported to promote release from the membrane to the cytoplasm, changing spatial substrate access (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2). Additionally, CDK5 activity can suppress calpain-dependent cleavage of p35 (regulatory feedback on p25 generation) (takada2015effectsofp35 pages 4-7).

2) Core biological function of Cdk5r1/p35 (functional annotation)

Primary molecular function

Cdk5r1/p35 is not an enzyme; its primary molecular function is to activate and spatially target the serine/threonine kinase CDK5 by direct binding, thereby determining CDK5’s neuronal activity and substrate access (pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4, pao2021threedecadesof pages 1-3).

Major biological processes (neuronal development and synaptic physiology)

Cdk5/p35 is repeatedly implicated in:
- Neurite outgrowth and axon formation, with p35/Cdk5 present in soma, neuronal processes, and growth cones, including lamella/filopodia regions consistent with cytoskeletal remodeling roles (kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4, pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4).
- Neuronal migration and cortical lamination, with genetic disruptions causing lamination defects; mechanistic summaries list cytoskeletal substrates (FAK Ser732, DCX Ser297) and adhesion signaling (N-cadherin complex; RapGEF2) as downstream nodes (wang2007cellcycleregulation pages 40-45, pao2021threedecadesof pages 1-3).
- Synaptic vesicle cycling/endocytosis and neurotransmission, with CDK5/p35 regulating presynaptic proteins (e.g., synapsin I, MUNC18, amphiphysin, synaptojanin 1, dynamin/dephosphins) (wang2007cellcycleregulation pages 40-45, lunghi2015theroleof pages 38-43).
- Synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, particularly via postsynaptic mechanisms impacting LTD and dendritic spine stability (mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 2-4, takahashi2022involvementofcdk5 pages 4-8).

A pathway/substrate-centered summary is provided in the artifact below.

Process/pathway Representative substrates or nodes regulated by Cdk5/p35 Functional consequence Main subcellular compartment Supporting citation IDs
Neuronal migration and cortical lamination FAK Ser732, DCX Ser297, RapGEF2 S1124, N-cadherin adhesion complex Coordinates centrosome/microtubule dynamics, neuronal positioning, adhesion signaling, and proper cortical layering during development Migrating neurons, leading process, membrane-associated cytoskeletal compartments (wang2007cellcycleregulation pages 40-45, pao2021threedecadesof pages 1-3, lunghi2015theroleof pages 38-43)
Neurite outgrowth and axon formation Actin-associated growth cone machinery; Rac/Pak-related signaling; p35/Cdk5 complex itself targeted by myristoylated p35 Promotes neurite extension, axon elongation, and growth-cone dynamics; loss/inactivation inhibits outgrowth Growth cones, lamella/filopodia, soma and neurites, membrane/cytosol (pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4, kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4, pao2021threedecadesof pages 13-14)
Dendrite morphogenesis and neuronal architecture Cytoskeletal regulators including tau; broader dendritic-development signaling downstream of p35/Cdk5 Shapes axonal/dendritic trajectories and dendritic structure needed for circuit assembly Developing neurites and dendrites (pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4, kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4)
Synaptic vesicle cycling and endocytosis Dynamin, synapsin I, MUNC18, amphiphysin, synaptojanin 1, dephosphins Regulates neurotransmitter release and synaptic vesicle endocytosis/recycling Presynaptic terminal, synaptic membrane (wang2007cellcycleregulation pages 40-45, lunghi2015theroleof pages 38-43)
Postsynaptic signaling and synaptic plasticity NMDA receptor subunits (including NR2A), PSD-95, DARPP-32 Thr75 Tunes synaptic strength and plasticity; supports hippocampal learning/memory and LTD regulation Postsynaptic density, synaptic membrane, dendritic spine (wang2007cellcycleregulation pages 40-45, pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4, mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 7-9, mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 2-4, takahashi2022involvementofcdk5 pages 4-8)
Hippocampal LTD and memory retention NMDAR-dependent LTD pathway; GluR1 Ser831; CaMKII Thr286 / Thr305 states altered in p35 cKO hippocampus p35 is required for normal NMDAR-dependent LTD and spatial/associative memory; adult p35 loss reduces postsynaptic responsiveness and spine density while sparing LTP in some paradigms CA1 postsynaptic compartment, dendritic spines (mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 7-9, mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 4-6, mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 2-4, takahashi2022involvementofcdk5 pages 1-2, takahashi2022involvementofcdk5 pages 4-8)
Cytoskeletal remodeling and microtubule regulation Tau; nestin degradation pathway; FAK/DCX axis Couples kinase activity to cytoskeletal organization, differentiation, and structural stability in neurons Cytosol, neurites, growth cone (wang2007cellcycleregulation pages 40-45, pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9)
Membrane-targeted physiological CDK5 signaling Myristoylated p35/p39, membrane-localized Cdk5 complexes; p35 S8 phosphorylation controls membrane release N-terminal myristoylation targets active Cdk5 to membranes for physiological signaling; release from membrane alters substrate access Plasma membrane/peripheral membrane, then cytoplasm upon release (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2, kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4, pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4)
Pathological p25-driven mislocalized signaling p25 (calpain-cleaved p35 lacking myristoylated p10), tau phosphorylation sites including T181, S202, T205, T212, T217, S235, S396, S404 Produces longer-lived, mislocalized CDK5 activity in cytoplasm/nucleus, driving aberrant substrate phosphorylation, tauopathy, synaptic dysfunction, and neurotoxicity Cytoplasm and nucleus rather than membrane-restricted compartments (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2, pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9)

Table: This table summarizes the major neuronal biological processes regulated by CDK5 when activated by mouse Cdk5r1/p35, along with representative downstream substrates or signaling nodes, functional consequences, and subcellular context. It is useful for functional annotation because it links p35-dependent CDK5 activity to specific developmental and synaptic roles supported by the cited evidence.

3) Subcellular localization: where p35 acts

Under physiological conditions, p35’s N-terminal myristoylation drives membrane association and supports localization of active CDK5 at membranes, growth cones, and synapses—consistent with roles in adhesion, cytoskeletal dynamics, and synaptic signaling (pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4, kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4). Under neurotoxic conditions, calpain cleavage to p25 removes the N-terminal targeting element; reviews describe consequent redistribution of CDK5 activity into cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments with neurotoxic substrate hyperphosphorylation (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2).

The following schematic (Figure 2 in a highly cited review) visually summarizes this physiological vs pathological axis:

(pao2021threedecadesof media 8c184d3c)

4) Quantitative evidence from mouse studies (key statistics and data)

4.1 Adult/inducible p35 loss impairs hippocampal LTD and memory

A tamoxifen-inducible adult p35 conditional knockout (CreER-p35 cKO) study provides direct quantitative evidence that p35 is required for NMDAR-dependent synaptic depression and memory:
- CA1 LTD after low-frequency stimulation: 82.1 ± 2.3% (control) vs 98.2 ± 2.3% (p35 cKO), p = 0.0003, indicating loss of LTD expression (mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 2-4).
- Behavioral deficits in Morris water maze learning (mixed ANOVA p = 0.027) and probe performance (e.g., fewer platform crossings p = 0.034) with preserved swim speed/distance, supporting a cognitive-specific phenotype (mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 4-6, mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 2-4).
These data provide strong support for functional annotation of Cdk5r1 in adult synaptic plasticity and spatial learning.

4.2 Cell-type specificity in hippocampus

Conditional deletion in excitatory (CamKII-Cre) CA1 neurons impairs NMDAR-dependent LTD and contextual fear memory retention, while inhibitory-neuron deletion (Dlx-Cre) shows minimal phenotypes in the tested paradigms, indicating a key postsynaptic requirement of p35 in excitatory CA1 neurons (takahashi2022involvementofcdk5 pages 4-8, takahashi2022involvementofcdk5 pages 1-2).

4.3 Kinetic/turnover statistics relevant to regulation

p35 is reported to be short-lived (20–30 minutes or 30–60 minutes depending on source), supporting a model where p35 provides tightly regulated activation in physiological conditions (wong2023improvingnkand pages 28-33, nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 2-3). In contrast, p25 has a substantially extended lifetime (reported 5–10× increase) and is linked to sustained CDK5 activation (lunghi2015theroleof pages 38-43).

A compact quantitative/statistical summary is included here:

Feature Summary for mouse Cdk5r1 (UniProt P61809) Key quantitative metrics Year / URL Supporting citations
Gene / protein identity Cdk5r1 encodes p35, the neuron-enriched regulatory/activator subunit of CDK5; common synonyms include Cdk5r, Nck5a, CDK5R1, and the cleavage product p25. p35 is the obligate non-cyclin activator that gives CDK5 its major neuronal activity. p35 is a 307 aa protein in the human ortholog literature often used to define conserved architecture; mouse studies consistently use p35 as the principal neuronal CDK5 activator. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y ; 2000, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48002-0_10 (pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4, pao2021threedecadesof pages 1-3, kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4)
Protein processing Full-length p35 is proteolytically cleaved by calpain to generate p25 (C-terminal CDK5-activating fragment) and p10 (N-terminal fragment containing the membrane-targeting motif). p25 remains able to activate CDK5 but is more stable and pathogenic when accumulated. p25/p29 reported to have 5–10-fold longer half-life than p35/p39; ionomycin assay in cells converted about 20% of p35 to p25 in one study. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140821 ; 2023, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8 (lunghi2015theroleof pages 38-43, nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 2-3, takada2015effectsofp35 pages 4-7)
CDK5 activation mechanism CDK5 is largely inactive as a monomer and is activated by direct binding to p35 (or p39). p35 binding forms the active serine/threonine kinase complex; p25 can also activate CDK5, often causing more constitutive and mislocalized activity. p35 half-life reported as 20–30 min in one source and 30–60 min in another review; mutation of certain p35 phosphosites increased stability by about 3-fold. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y ; 2023, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8 (pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4, wong2023improvingnkand pages 28-33, nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 2-3)
Localization determinants p35 contains an N-terminal myristoylation signal (notably at Gly2) that targets p35 and associated CDK5 to membranes/peripheral neuronal compartments. Cleavage to p25 removes this N-terminal targeting module, favoring redistribution to cytoplasm and nucleus. Membrane association depends on the N-terminus; p35 is predominantly membrane-associated, whereas CDK5 is found in both membrane and cytosolic fractions. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y ; 2000, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48002-0_10 ; 2023, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8 (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2, kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4, wang2007cellcycleregulation pages 40-45, pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4)
Primary neuronal functions The Cdk5/p35 complex regulates neuronal migration, cortical lamination, neurite outgrowth, axon/dendrite development, growth cone dynamics, synaptic vesicle cycling, and synaptic plasticity/learning and memory. Cdk5-null mice die around birth with major layering defects; p35/p39 double knockout phenocopies severe CDK5 loss. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y ; 2001, https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-17-06758.2001 ; 2000, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48002-0_10 (wang2007cellcycleregulation pages 40-45, pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4, kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4)
Synaptic plasticity role in adult mouse Adult or excitatory-neuron-selective p35 loss impairs hippocampal NMDAR-dependent LTD and memory retention, while LTP is often preserved. This supports a specific postsynaptic role for p35 in tuning synaptic depression and memory encoding. In inducible adult p35 cKO, LTD after low-frequency stimulation was 82.1 ± 2.3% in controls vs 98.2 ± 2.3% in p35 cKO (p = 0.0003); Morris water maze learning curve deficit p = 0.027; target-quadrant probe preference in controls p = 0.0054; fewer platform crossings p = 0.034. 2014, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-014-0082-x ; 2022, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-022-00922-x (mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 4-6, mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 2-4, takahashi2022involvementofcdk5 pages 1-2, takahashi2022involvementofcdk5 pages 4-8)
Pathological p25/CDK5 axis Under neurotoxic conditions (Aβ, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, Ca2+ dysregulation), calpain cleavage to p25 causes hyperactive, mislocalized CDK5, linked to tau hyperphosphorylation, aberrant substrate phosphorylation, neuronal cell-cycle re-entry, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. Human AD-related literature summarized in reviews reports 20–40-fold higher p25 in AD brains in one source; ~3.7% of neurons in human AD brains showed S-phase activity in one cited review summary. 2024, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179626 ; 2024, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-024-00427-8 ; 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y (wu2024proteinkinasecdelta pages 1-2, pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9, li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 7-9)
Recent 2023–2024 developments Recent work links altered p35/p25-CDK5 signaling to Parkinson disease, AD/tauopathy, and DNA damage/inflammatory pathways. A 2024 study showed DNase II deficiency increased p25/p35 ratio, Calpain2, CDK5 activity, and tau phosphorylation; 2024 reviews emphasize therapeutic targeting of the calpain–p35/p25–CDK5 axis. DNase II study used n=10/group for AAV-shDNase2a in vivo and n=8/group for AAV-DNase2a rescue; roscovitine at 2.5 μM suppressed tau phosphorylation in deficient neurons. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-024-00427-8 ; 2024, https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.18412 ; 2024, https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.389645 (li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 7-9, li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 3-4, alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 1-2, viorel2024p38mapkandcdk5 pages 2-2)
Therapeutic / application relevance Current implementations include genetic blockade of p25 generation (Δp35KI), CDK5 inhibitors such as roscovitine, calpain inhibition, and peptide approaches that preferentially block pathological CDK5/p25. Repurposed agents discussed in 2024 reviews include statins, metformin, fenofibrate, rosiglitazone/pioglitazone. Mostly preclinical evidence; no established clinical CDK5R1-targeted therapy. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.18412 ; 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y (pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9, alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 1-2, alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 5-6, pao2021threedecadesof pages 10-11)

Table: This table summarizes the core functional annotation of mouse Cdk5r1/p35, including its identity, proteolytic processing to p25, mechanism of CDK5 activation, localization, neuronal roles, and quantitative findings from mouse studies. It is useful as a compact evidence map linking foundational and recent literature to specific annotation claims.

5) Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023–2024)

5.1 2023: updated mechanistic framing—“localization defines outcome”

A 2023 Molecular Cancer review synthesizes evidence that CDK5 biological output is strongly determined by subcellular localization and by whether CDK5 is activated by p35 (physiological) versus p25 (often pathological). It emphasizes that calpain cleavage (loss of N-terminal myristoylated p10) yields stable p25 and mislocalized CDK5 activity to cytoplasm/nucleus, driving neurotoxicity through aberrant phosphorylation patterns (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2). The review also reports p35 half-life 30–60 min, consistent with rapid turnover compared with p25 (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 2-3).

5.2 2024 primary mechanism: Aβ → STAT3/PKCδ → calpain2 → p35 cleavage → CDK5 overactivation

A 2024 primary study in differentiated cortical neurons reports a mechanistic cascade where Aβ induces STAT3-dependent PKCδ and triggers calpain2-dependent conversion of p35 to p25, causing CDK5 overactivation and downstream cell-cycle reentry and apoptosis markers (cyclin D1, PCNA, p-Histone H3; caspase-3 cleavage; PUMA induction) (wu2024proteinkinasecdelta pages 1-2). Although performed in rat neurons, the pathway directly concerns p35 processing and provides a recent, experimentally defined upstream regulatory mechanism.

5.3 2024 primary in vivo: DNase II deficiency drives p25/p35 imbalance, CDK5 hyperactivity, and tau phosphorylation

A 2024 Translational Neurodegeneration study identifies neuronal DNase II deficiency (and cytoplasmic dsDNA accumulation) as a driver of tauopathy-like mechanisms via kinase/phosphatase imbalance, including increased CDK5 levels and CDK5 activity inferred by elevated p25/p35 ratio, alongside increased Calpain2 and tau phosphorylation (Ser202/Thr205, Thr231). The study used AAV-based neuronal knockdown/overexpression and reports that CDK5 inhibition with roscovitine (2.5 μM, 24 h) significantly inhibited tau phosphorylation in DNase II-deficient neurons (li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 7-9, li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 3-4).

A curated summary of these 2023–2024 sources is provided here:

Study Type System/model Key finding related to Cdk5r1/p35/p25 Quantitative/statistical highlights URL
Nikhil, 2023 Review Broad mechanistic review; neuronal and cancer contexts Summarizes that p35/CDK5R1 is a membrane-associated CDK5 activator; calpain cleavage removes the N-terminal myristoylated p10 to generate more stable p25, which mislocalizes CDK5 activity to cytoplasm/nucleus and promotes constitutive hyperphosphorylation and neurotoxicity. Also notes p35 S8 phosphorylation can release p35 from membrane to cytoplasm. (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2, nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 2-3) p35 half-life reported as 30–60 min; p25/p29 described as having much longer half-lives than p35/p39. No direct p-values reported in the cited excerpt. (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 2-3) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8
Wu, 2024 Primary Fully differentiated primary rat cortical neurons exposed to Aβ25-35 or Aβ1-42 Defines a recent upstream mechanism for pathological p35 processing: STAT3 → PKCδ → calpain2 → p35 cleavage to p25 → CDK5 overactivation, leading to neuronal cell-cycle re-entry and apoptosis in post-mitotic neurons. (wu2024proteinkinasecdelta pages 1-2) Cell-cycle re-entry monitored with cyclin D1, PCNA, p-Histone H3; no numerical effect sizes or p-values are given in the provided excerpt. (wu2024proteinkinasecdelta pages 1-2) https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179626
Li, 2024 Primary Mouse primary hippocampal neurons; WT and Tau-P301S mice; human AD/MCI plasma and transcriptomic datasets Shows that neuronal DNase II deficiency increases Calpain2, elevates the p25/p35 ratio, increases CDK5 activity, and enhances tau phosphorylation, linking altered p35 processing to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Rescue experiments support pathway reversibility. (li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 7-9, li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 1-3) In vivo design included n=10/group for AAV-shDnase2a and n=8/group for AAV-Dnase2a rescue; human plasma groups n=13–15; GEO analysis included 8 controls, 20 EOAD, 19 LOAD. Roscovitine 2.5 μM for 24 h significantly inhibited tau phosphorylation in DNase II-deficient neurons. Specific p-values not provided in the excerpt. (li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 7-9, li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 3-4) https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-024-00427-8
Alrouji, 2024 Review Parkinson disease-focused review integrating neuronal and preclinical model evidence Reviews therapeutic targeting of the calpain–p35/p25–CDK5 axis in neurodegeneration. Emphasizes that stress-induced cleavage of p35 to the more stable p25 drives hyperactive CDK5, tau/neurofilament hyperphosphorylation, and neuronal death; discusses repurposed inhibitors and pathway modulation. (alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 1-2, alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 5-6, alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 2-4) Names candidate/repurposed agents including statins, metformin, fenofibrate, rosiglitazone/pioglitazone, but the cited excerpts provide no study-level p-values or effect sizes. (alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 1-2, alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 5-6) https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.18412
Viorel, 2024 Review Alzheimer disease/neuroinflammation perspective Highlights the calpain–CDK5–p38α axis as a therapeutic target in AD, arguing that blocking upstream calpain activity or pathological p25 generation could reduce glial-driven neuroinflammation and downstream degeneration. Mentions peptide- and roscovitine-based CDK5-targeting strategies with preclinical support. (viorel2024p38mapkandcdk5 pages 2-2) No direct numerical effect sizes or p-values reported in the provided excerpt. (viorel2024p38mapkandcdk5 pages 2-2) https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.389645

Table: This table summarizes recent 2023–2024 studies and reviews most relevant to mouse Cdk5r1/p35/p25 biology and the broader CDK5 axis. It highlights new mechanisms, disease links, and therapeutic implications, while preserving only quantitative details explicitly supported by the cited evidence.

6) Current applications and real-world implementations

6.1 Genetic models used in vivo (implementation in mouse functional biology)

  • Δp35KI (calpain-resistant p35) knock-in: Implemented to genetically block p25 generation and test causality. Crossing Δp35KI into 5XFAD reduces soluble Aβ, plaque burden, and inflammatory cytokines and improves synaptic plasticity/memory; crossing into tauopathy models reduces tau phosphorylation (e.g., T181, S202), seeding activity, and synaptic loss, including increased synaptophysin (pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9).
  • Conditional/inducible p35 deletion in adults: Used to isolate adult synaptic roles from developmental lamination confounds; shows specific LTD and learning deficits (mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 2-4).
  • Inducible p25 overexpression (CK-p25): Used to model pathological hyperactivation and downstream synaptic/neurodegenerative phenotypes (pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9).

6.2 Pharmacologic and peptide-based interventions (preclinical)

  • CDK5 inhibition (roscovitine): Reported to reduce tau phosphorylation and neurodegenerative phenotypes across multiple preclinical contexts summarized in a major review, and cited as protective against neuronal apoptosis in some settings (pao2021threedecadesof pages 10-11, viorel2024p38mapkandcdk5 pages 2-2).
  • Calpain inhibition / cleavage blockade: Calpain inhibitor MDL28170 and genetic calpain blockade via calpastatin (preventing p35→p25 cleavage) are described as reducing tau phosphorylation/aggregation and improving neuronal viability in relevant models summarized in reviews (pao2021threedecadesof pages 10-11, pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9).
  • Peptide inhibitors preferentially targeting CDK5/p25: 2024 reviews highlight Cdk5-derived peptide inhibitors as an approach to increase specificity (avoid broad CDK ATP-pocket inhibition) (viorel2024p38mapkandcdk5 pages 2-2, pao2021threedecadesof pages 10-11).

6.3 Drug repurposing proposals (2024 reviews; translational status)

A 2024 PD-focused review discusses repurposed agents with putative activity on CDK5/calpain signaling (e.g., statins, metformin, fenofibrate, rosiglitazone/pioglitazone) as preclinical strategies to attenuate neurodegenerative progression, while emphasizing the lack of proven clinical efficacy and the challenge of inhibitor specificity (alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 5-6, alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 1-2).

7) Expert opinions and analysis (authoritative synthesis)

A recurrent expert-level theme is that the CDK5 system acts as a spatiotemporal rheostat, where p35 provides localized, tightly regulated activation, while p25 can convert the kinase into a longer-lived, mislocalized activity state with altered substrate access and toxicity. This “localization/activity-state” view is central in both the highly cited Cdk5 field review (Pao & Tsai, 2021) and a 2023 synthesis emphasizing location-dependent CDK5 phenotypes (pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9, nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2). These sources further emphasize that therapeutic targeting should ideally be complex-selective (e.g., preferentially targeting CDK5/p25 rather than globally inhibiting CDKs) (pao2021threedecadesof pages 10-11).

8) Limitations of available evidence in this tool run

Several 2023–2024 sources retrieved here (especially reviews) provide strong mechanistic synthesis but limited numeric effect sizes for p25 abundance, localization fractionation, or cytokine changes. The most precise quantitative mouse functional data obtained in this run are from inducible p35 deletion impacting LTD and behavior (mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 2-4) and from reported turnover statistics for p35 and relative stability of p25 (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 2-3, lunghi2015theroleof pages 38-43). For deeper quantitative biomarker statistics (e.g., absolute p25 concentrations, brain-region fold changes) additional targeted full-text extraction from the primary studies cited within these reviews would be required.

Key takeaways for functional annotation

  • Molecular function: p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting (pao2021threedecadesof pages 1-3, pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4).
  • Cellular localization: membrane/growth cone/synaptic localization in physiological states; cleavage to p25 removes membrane targeting and supports cytoplasmic/nuclear mislocalization (kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4, nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2).
  • Biological processes: neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth; synaptic vesicle cycling; postsynaptic plasticity (especially LTD) and learning/memory (wang2007cellcycleregulation pages 40-45, mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 2-4).
  • Pathology mechanism: calpain-driven p25 generation increases activator stability and can drive persistent/mislocalized CDK5 signaling implicated in tau phosphorylation, cell-cycle reentry, and neurodegeneration (pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9, nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2).
  • Implementations: Δp35KI (p25 blockade), conditional p35 KO, calpain inhibitors, CDK5 inhibitors, and emerging peptide inhibitors are the main experimental levers in vivo and in vitro (pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9, pao2021threedecadesof pages 10-11).

References

  1. (pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4): Ping-Chieh Pao and Li-Huei Tsai. Three decades of cdk5. Journal of Biomedical Science, Nov 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y, doi:10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y. This article has 169 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  2. (pao2021threedecadesof pages 1-3): Ping-Chieh Pao and Li-Huei Tsai. Three decades of cdk5. Journal of Biomedical Science, Nov 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y, doi:10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y. This article has 169 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  3. (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 1-2): Kumar Nikhil and Kavita Shah. Cdk5: an oncogene or an anti-oncogene: location location location. Molecular Cancer, Nov 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8, doi:10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8. This article has 18 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  4. (kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4): Young T. Kwon and Li-Huei Tsai. The role of the p35/cdk5 kinase in cortical development. Results and problems in cell differentiation, 30:241-53, Jan 2000. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48002-0_10, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-48002-0_10. This article has 40 citations.

  5. (wong2023improvingnkand pages 28-33): DP Wong. Improving nk and t cell immunotherapies for hematologic malignancies. Unknown journal, 2023.

  6. (lunghi2015theroleof pages 38-43): M Lunghi. The role of mir-15/107 family in p35/cdk5 regulation in alzheimer's disease. Unknown journal, 2015.

  7. (nikhil2023cdk5anoncogene pages 2-3): Kumar Nikhil and Kavita Shah. Cdk5: an oncogene or an anti-oncogene: location location location. Molecular Cancer, Nov 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8, doi:10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8. This article has 18 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

  8. (takada2015effectsofp35 pages 4-7): Shunsuke Takada, Keiko Mizuno, Taro Saito, Akiko Asada, Karl Peter Giese, and Shin-ichi Hisanaga. Effects of p35 mutations associated with mental retardation on the cellular function of p35-cdk5. PLoS ONE, 10:e0140821, Oct 2015. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140821, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140821. This article has 3 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  9. (wang2007cellcycleregulation pages 40-45): L Wang. Cell cycle regulation in the post-mitotic neuronal cells. Unknown journal, 2007.

  10. (mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 2-4): Tomohide Mishiba, Mika Tanaka, Naoki Mita, Xiaojuan He, Kodai Sasamoto, Shigeyoshi Itohara, and Toshio Ohshima. Cdk5/p35 functions as a crucial regulator of spatial learning and memory. Molecular Brain, Nov 2014. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-014-0082-x, doi:10.1186/s13041-014-0082-x. This article has 49 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  11. (takahashi2022involvementofcdk5 pages 4-8): Miyuki Takahashi, Takeru Nakabayashi, Naoki Mita, Xiaohua Jin, Yuta Aikawa, Kodai Sasamoto, Goichi Miyoshi, Mariko Miyata, Takafumi Inoue, and Toshio Ohshima. Involvement of cdk5 activating subunit p35 in synaptic plasticity in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Molecular Brain, Apr 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-022-00922-x, doi:10.1186/s13041-022-00922-x. This article has 14 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  12. (pao2021threedecadesof pages 13-14): Ping-Chieh Pao and Li-Huei Tsai. Three decades of cdk5. Journal of Biomedical Science, Nov 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y, doi:10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y. This article has 169 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  13. (mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 7-9): Tomohide Mishiba, Mika Tanaka, Naoki Mita, Xiaojuan He, Kodai Sasamoto, Shigeyoshi Itohara, and Toshio Ohshima. Cdk5/p35 functions as a crucial regulator of spatial learning and memory. Molecular Brain, Nov 2014. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-014-0082-x, doi:10.1186/s13041-014-0082-x. This article has 49 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  14. (mishiba2014cdk5p35functionsas pages 4-6): Tomohide Mishiba, Mika Tanaka, Naoki Mita, Xiaojuan He, Kodai Sasamoto, Shigeyoshi Itohara, and Toshio Ohshima. Cdk5/p35 functions as a crucial regulator of spatial learning and memory. Molecular Brain, Nov 2014. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-014-0082-x, doi:10.1186/s13041-014-0082-x. This article has 49 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  15. (takahashi2022involvementofcdk5 pages 1-2): Miyuki Takahashi, Takeru Nakabayashi, Naoki Mita, Xiaohua Jin, Yuta Aikawa, Kodai Sasamoto, Goichi Miyoshi, Mariko Miyata, Takafumi Inoue, and Toshio Ohshima. Involvement of cdk5 activating subunit p35 in synaptic plasticity in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Molecular Brain, Apr 2022. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-022-00922-x, doi:10.1186/s13041-022-00922-x. This article has 14 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  16. (pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9): Ping-Chieh Pao and Li-Huei Tsai. Three decades of cdk5. Journal of Biomedical Science, Nov 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y, doi:10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y. This article has 169 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  17. (pao2021threedecadesof media 8c184d3c): Ping-Chieh Pao and Li-Huei Tsai. Three decades of cdk5. Journal of Biomedical Science, Nov 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y, doi:10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y. This article has 169 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  18. (wu2024proteinkinasecdelta pages 1-2): Ming-Hsuan Wu, A-Ching Chao, Yi-Heng Hsieh, You Lien, Yi-Chun Lin, and Ding-I Yang. Protein kinase c-delta mediates cell cycle reentry and apoptosis induced by amyloid-beta peptide in post-mitotic cortical neurons. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25:9626, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179626, doi:10.3390/ijms25179626. This article has 2 citations.

  19. (li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 7-9): Ling-jie Li, Xiao-ying Sun, Ya-ru Huang, Shuai Lu, Yu-Ming Xu, Jing Yang, Xi-xiu Xie, Jie Zhu, Xiao-yun Niu, Dan-yang Wang, Shi-yu Liang, Xiao-yu Du, Sheng-jie Hou, Xiao‐lin Yu, and Rui‐tian Liu. Neuronal double-stranded dna accumulation induced by dnase ii deficiency drives tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Translational Neurodegeneration, Aug 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-024-00427-8, doi:10.1186/s40035-024-00427-8. This article has 12 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  20. (li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 3-4): Ling-jie Li, Xiao-ying Sun, Ya-ru Huang, Shuai Lu, Yu-Ming Xu, Jing Yang, Xi-xiu Xie, Jie Zhu, Xiao-yun Niu, Dan-yang Wang, Shi-yu Liang, Xiao-yu Du, Sheng-jie Hou, Xiao‐lin Yu, and Rui‐tian Liu. Neuronal double-stranded dna accumulation induced by dnase ii deficiency drives tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Translational Neurodegeneration, Aug 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-024-00427-8, doi:10.1186/s40035-024-00427-8. This article has 12 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  21. (alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 1-2): Mohammed Alrouji, Haydar M. Al‐kuraishy, Ali I. Al‐Gareeb, Mohammed S. Alshammari, Athanasios Alexiou, Marios Papadakis, Mostafa M. Bahaa, and Gaber El‐Saber Batiha. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) inhibitors in parkinson disease. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.18412, doi:10.1111/jcmm.18412. This article has 17 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  22. (viorel2024p38mapkandcdk5 pages 2-2): Vlad Ionut Viorel, Ylenia Pastorello, Nosherwan Bajwa, and Mark Slevin. P38-mapk and cdk5, signaling pathways in neuroinflammation: a potential therapeutic intervention in alzheimer's disease? Neural Regeneration Research, 19:1649-1650, Dec 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.389645, doi:10.4103/1673-5374.389645. This article has 15 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  23. (alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 5-6): Mohammed Alrouji, Haydar M. Al‐kuraishy, Ali I. Al‐Gareeb, Mohammed S. Alshammari, Athanasios Alexiou, Marios Papadakis, Mostafa M. Bahaa, and Gaber El‐Saber Batiha. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) inhibitors in parkinson disease. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.18412, doi:10.1111/jcmm.18412. This article has 17 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

  24. (pao2021threedecadesof pages 10-11): Ping-Chieh Pao and Li-Huei Tsai. Three decades of cdk5. Journal of Biomedical Science, Nov 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y, doi:10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y. This article has 169 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  25. (li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 1-3): Ling-jie Li, Xiao-ying Sun, Ya-ru Huang, Shuai Lu, Yu-Ming Xu, Jing Yang, Xi-xiu Xie, Jie Zhu, Xiao-yun Niu, Dan-yang Wang, Shi-yu Liang, Xiao-yu Du, Sheng-jie Hou, Xiao‐lin Yu, and Rui‐tian Liu. Neuronal double-stranded dna accumulation induced by dnase ii deficiency drives tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Translational Neurodegeneration, Aug 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-024-00427-8, doi:10.1186/s40035-024-00427-8. This article has 12 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

  26. (alrouji2024cyclin‐dependentkinase5 pages 2-4): Mohammed Alrouji, Haydar M. Al‐kuraishy, Ali I. Al‐Gareeb, Mohammed S. Alshammari, Athanasios Alexiou, Marios Papadakis, Mostafa M. Bahaa, and Gaber El‐Saber Batiha. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) inhibitors in parkinson disease. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.18412, doi:10.1111/jcmm.18412. This article has 17 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

Citations

  1. lunghi2015theroleof pages 38-43
  2. wu2024proteinkinasecdelta pages 1-2
  3. pao2021threedecadesof pages 7-9
  4. pao2021threedecadesof pages 10-11
  5. pao2021threedecadesof pages 3-4
  6. pao2021threedecadesof pages 1-3
  7. kwon2000theroleof pages 1-4
  8. wong2023improvingnkand pages 28-33
  9. wang2007cellcycleregulation pages 40-45
  10. pao2021threedecadesof pages 13-14
  11. li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 7-9
  12. li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 3-4
  13. li2024neuronaldoublestrandeddna pages 1-3
  14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00774-y
  15. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48002-0_10
  16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140821
  17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8
  18. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-17-06758.2001
  19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-014-0082-x
  20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-022-00922-x
  21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179626
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  23. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.18412
  24. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.389645
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  26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01895-8,
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  28. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140821,
  29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-014-0082-x,
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  34. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.389645,

📄 View Raw YAML

id: P61809
gene_symbol: Cdk5r1
product_type: PROTEIN
status: COMPLETE
description: 'Cdk5r1 encodes p35, a neuron-enriched regulatory activator of CDK5, and its
  calpain-generated p25 cleavage product. p35/p25 are not kinases themselves; they bind CDK5
  in the protein kinase 5 complex and activate CDK5-dependent phosphorylation programs that
  control neuronal migration, cortical lamination, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization,
  synaptic development, and neuronal survival. Myristoylated p35 is membrane/cytoplasmic,
  while p25 is more cytosolic and nuclear, explaining the mixed cellular localization annotations.'
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:10090
  label: Mus musculus
existing_annotations:
- term:
    id: GO:0061575
    label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: Cdk5r1/p35 is not an enzyme; its primary molecular function is
        to activate and spatially target the serine/threonine kinase CDK5 by direct
        binding.
- term:
    id: GO:0007420
    label: brain development
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0007411
    label: axon guidance
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0019901
    label: protein kinase binding
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0030426
    label: growth cone
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0016533
    label: protein kinase 5 complex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0021722
    label: superior olivary nucleus maturation
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0021819
    label: layer formation in cerebral cortex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0043005
    label: neuron projection
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0043204
    label: perikaryon
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0048471
    label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0048511
    label: rhythmic process
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
- term:
    id: GO:0061575
    label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17341134
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17341134
      supporting_text: Cdk5 is involved in BDNF-stimulated dendritic growth in
        hippocampal neurons.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18325333
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18325333
      supporting_text: CDK5 activator p35 downregulates E-cadherin precursor
        independently of CDK5.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:24561619
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24561619
      supporting_text: Role of the SIK2-p35-PJA2 complex in pancreatic β-cell functional
        compensation.
- term:
    id: GO:0016533
    label: protein kinase 5 complex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0019901
    label: protein kinase binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0043539
    label: protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported but less specific than the CDK-specific activator term.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Cdk5r1/p35 activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK5; replace this
      broader serine/threonine kinase activator term with the more specific
      cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0061575
      label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines
        where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting.
- term:
    id: GO:0045892
    label: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
- term:
    id: GO:0018105
    label: peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: The annotation attributes kinase/phosphorylation activity to the CDK5
      activator subunit.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Cdk5r1/p35 is not the catalytic kinase; it activates CDK5, so the
      replacement term better represents the molecular role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0061575
      label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
- term:
    id: GO:0018107
    label: peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: The annotation attributes kinase/phosphorylation activity to the CDK5
      activator subunit.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Cdk5r1/p35 is not the catalytic kinase; it activates CDK5, so the
      replacement term better represents the molecular role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0061575
      label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
- term:
    id: GO:0000307
    label: cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0005509
    label: calcium ion binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0007213
    label: G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0009792
    label: embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0014069
    label: postsynaptic density
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0016301
    label: kinase activity
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: The annotation attributes kinase/phosphorylation activity to the CDK5
      activator subunit.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Cdk5r1/p35 is not the catalytic kinase; it activates CDK5, so the
      replacement term better represents the molecular role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0061575
      label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
- term:
    id: GO:0016533
    label: protein kinase 5 complex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0019901
    label: protein kinase binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0019901
    label: protein kinase binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0030182
    label: neuron differentiation
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0030424
    label: axon
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0030425
    label: dendrite
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0030426
    label: growth cone
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0031175
    label: neuron projection development
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0031594
    label: neuromuscular junction
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0035235
    label: ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0043025
    label: neuronal cell body
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0043197
    label: dendritic spine
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0043292
    label: contractile muscle fiber
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0043525
    label: positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0043539
    label: protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but less specific than the CDK-specific activator term.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Cdk5r1/p35 activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK5; replace this
      broader serine/threonine kinase activator term with the more specific
      cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0061575
      label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines
        where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting.
- term:
    id: GO:0043539
    label: protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported but less specific than the CDK-specific activator term.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Cdk5r1/p35 activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK5; replace this
      broader serine/threonine kinase activator term with the more specific
      cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0061575
      label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines
        where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting.
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0045348
    label: positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
- term:
    id: GO:0045892
    label: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
- term:
    id: GO:0046875
    label: ephrin receptor binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0048471
    label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0061575
    label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0061575
    label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0098693
    label: regulation of synaptic vesicle cycle
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0098793
    label: presynapse
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:1903265
    label: positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9634937
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0070315
    label: G1 to G0 transition involved in cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:21566658
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21566658
      supporting_text: A novel RING finger protein, Znf179, modulates cell cycle exit
        and neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0061575
    label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11517264
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11517264
      supporting_text: p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function
        during neurodevelopment.
- term:
    id: GO:0061575
    label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:12516540
  review:
    summary: The cited PMID does not support a Cdk5r1/CDK5 activator annotation.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: PMID:12516540 is a Leishmania/IL-12/TGF-beta study and does not provide
      evidence for Cdk5r1 acting as a CDK5 activator. The molecular function is supported
      elsewhere in this review, but this evidence assertion should not be retained.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12516540
      supporting_text: The TGF-beta response to Leishmania chagasi in the absence of
        IL-12.
- term:
    id: GO:0009792
    label: embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0003779
    label: actin binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19118186
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19118186
      supporting_text: Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and
        downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing
        tau-tubulin kinase 1.
- term:
    id: GO:0002020
    label: protease binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19118186
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19118186
      supporting_text: Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and
        downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing
        tau-tubulin kinase 1.
- term:
    id: GO:0019901
    label: protein kinase binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19118186
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19118186
      supporting_text: Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and
        downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing
        tau-tubulin kinase 1.
- term:
    id: GO:0035255
    label: ionotropic glutamate receptor binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19118186
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19118186
      supporting_text: Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and
        downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing
        tau-tubulin kinase 1.
- term:
    id: GO:0051015
    label: actin filament binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19118186
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19118186
      supporting_text: Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and
        downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing
        tau-tubulin kinase 1.
- term:
    id: GO:0042501
    label: serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15096606
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15096606
      supporting_text: Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates signal transducer and
        activator of transcription 3 and regulates its transcriptional activity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868356
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868383
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-8863416
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868331
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868583
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868589
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868677
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-NUL-8870566
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-8863416
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18054859
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18054859
      supporting_text: Cdk5 promotes synaptogenesis by regulating the subcellular
        distribution of the MAGUK family member CASK.
- term:
    id: GO:0090314
    label: positive regulation of protein targeting to membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:18054859
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18054859
      supporting_text: Cdk5 promotes synaptogenesis by regulating the subcellular
        distribution of the MAGUK family member CASK.
- term:
    id: GO:0001764
    label: neuron migration
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11226314
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11226314
      supporting_text: Synergistic contributions of cyclin-dependant kinase 5/p35 and
        Reelin/Dab1 to the positioning of cortical neurons in the developing mouse
        brain.
- term:
    id: GO:0001764
    label: neuron migration
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11517264
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11517264
      supporting_text: p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function
        during neurodevelopment.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15096606
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15096606
      supporting_text: Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates signal transducer and
        activator of transcription 3 and regulates its transcriptional activity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15489224
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15489224
      supporting_text: Cdk5/p35 phosphorylates mSds3 and regulates mSds3-mediated
        repression of transcription.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17529984
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17529984
      supporting_text: Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 governs learning and synaptic
        plasticity via control of NMDAR degradation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17591690
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17591690
      supporting_text: Stabilization and activation of p53 induced by Cdk5 contributes
        to neuronal cell death.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15096606
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15096606
      supporting_text: Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates signal transducer and
        activator of transcription 3 and regulates its transcriptional activity.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17591690
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17591690
      supporting_text: Stabilization and activation of p53 induced by Cdk5 contributes
        to neuronal cell death.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15123626
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15123626
      supporting_text: Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 associated with p39 promotes Munc18-1
        phosphorylation and Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis.
- term:
    id: GO:0021549
    label: cerebellum development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11226314
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11226314
      supporting_text: Synergistic contributions of cyclin-dependant kinase 5/p35 and
        Reelin/Dab1 to the positioning of cortical neurons in the developing mouse
        brain.
- term:
    id: GO:0021549
    label: cerebellum development
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11517264
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11517264
      supporting_text: p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function
        during neurodevelopment.
- term:
    id: GO:0021722
    label: superior olivary nucleus maturation
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11517264
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11517264
      supporting_text: p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function
        during neurodevelopment.
- term:
    id: GO:0021766
    label: hippocampus development
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11517264
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11517264
      supporting_text: p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function
        during neurodevelopment.
- term:
    id: GO:0021819
    label: layer formation in cerebral cortex
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11517264
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11517264
      supporting_text: p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function
        during neurodevelopment.
- term:
    id: GO:0045860
    label: positive regulation of protein kinase activity
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11517264
  review:
    summary: Supported, but too broad for the specific Cdk5r1 molecular function.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: PMID:11517264 supports p35/p39 requirement for CDK5 function, so the more
      specific cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity term
      should replace this broad positive regulation of protein kinase activity annotation.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0061575
      label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11517264
      supporting_text: p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function
        during neurodevelopment.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines
        where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17143272
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17143272
      supporting_text: Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction through
        an ephexin1-dependent mechanism.
- term:
    id: GO:0014069
    label: postsynaptic density
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0048013
    label: ephrin receptor signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17143272
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17143272
      supporting_text: Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction through
        an ephexin1-dependent mechanism.
- term:
    id: GO:0061001
    label: regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17143272
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17143272
      supporting_text: Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction through
        an ephexin1-dependent mechanism.
- term:
    id: GO:0021799
    label: cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20624590
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20624590
      supporting_text: Dixdc1 is a critical regulator of DISC1 and embryonic cortical
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0032956
    label: regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20624590
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20624590
      supporting_text: Dixdc1 is a critical regulator of DISC1 and embryonic cortical
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0070507
    label: regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20624590
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20624590
      supporting_text: Dixdc1 is a critical regulator of DISC1 and embryonic cortical
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11276227
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11276227
      supporting_text: Cdk5 is involved in neuregulin-induced AChR expression at the
        neuromuscular junction.
- term:
    id: GO:0007213
    label: G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0001764
    label: neuron migration
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:9010203
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:9010203
      supporting_text: Mice lacking p35, a neuronal specific activator of Cdk5, display
        cortical lamination defects, seizures, and adult lethality.
- term:
    id: GO:0005509
    label: calcium ion binding
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0007158
    label: neuron cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:10753743
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10753743
      supporting_text: Regulation of N-cadherin-mediated adhesion by the p35-Cdk5
        kinase.
- term:
    id: GO:0007411
    label: axon guidance
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:10545161
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10545161
      supporting_text: Callosal axon guidance defects in p35(-/-) mice.
- term:
    id: GO:0007413
    label: axonal fasciculation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:10545161
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10545161
      supporting_text: Callosal axon guidance defects in p35(-/-) mice.
- term:
    id: GO:0007420
    label: brain development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:10545161
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10545161
      supporting_text: Callosal axon guidance defects in p35(-/-) mice.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0016301
    label: kinase activity
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: The annotation attributes kinase/phosphorylation activity to the CDK5
      activator subunit.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Cdk5r1/p35 is not the catalytic kinase; it activates CDK5, so the
      replacement term better represents the molecular role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0061575
      label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
- term:
    id: GO:0030182
    label: neuron differentiation
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0030424
    label: axon
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0030425
    label: dendrite
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0030426
    label: growth cone
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0031175
    label: neuron projection development
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0031594
    label: neuromuscular junction
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0035235
    label: ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0043025
    label: neuronal cell body
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0043197
    label: dendritic spine
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core p35/p25-CDK5 regulatory function or neuronal
      localization/process.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term reflects Cdk5r1 as the regulatory activator of CDK5 in neuronal
      migration, axon guidance, cytoskeletal organization, or synaptic development.
- term:
    id: GO:0043292
    label: contractile muscle fiber
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0043525
    label: positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0043539
    label: protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but less specific than the CDK-specific activator term.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: Cdk5r1/p35 activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK5; replace this
      broader serine/threonine kinase activator term with the more specific
      cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0061575
      label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines
        where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting.
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:12496365
  review:
    summary: The annotation is too broad, indirect, or poorly supported as a direct
      Cdk5r1 function.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This term should not be used as a primary functional annotation for p35/p25
      because it either describes vague binding or an indirect pathway consequence.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12496365
      supporting_text: CDK5 regulates cell adhesion and migration in corneal epithelial
        cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0008092
    label: cytoskeletal protein binding
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:12496365
  review:
    summary: Supported but downstream or context-specific Cdk5r1 biology.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with p35/p25-CDK5 biology but describes a
      developmental, synaptic, binding, or localization consequence rather than the
      primary CDK5 activation role.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12496365
      supporting_text: CDK5 regulates cell adhesion and migration in corneal epithelial
        cells.
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000002
  title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000024
  title: Manual transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to
    orthologs by curator judgment of sequence similarity
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
  title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000043
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
  title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location
    vocabulary mapping, accompanied by conservative changes to GO terms applied by
    UniProt
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000096
  title: Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to
    mouse-rat orthologs
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000107
  title: Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to
    orthologs using Ensembl Compara
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000117
  title: Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000119
  title: Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to
    mouse-human orthologs
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000120
  title: Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10545161
  title: Callosal axon guidance defects in p35(-/-) mice.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10753743
  title: Regulation of N-cadherin-mediated adhesion by the p35-Cdk5 kinase.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11226314
  title: Synergistic contributions of cyclin-dependant kinase 5/p35 and Reelin/Dab1 to
    the positioning of cortical neurons in the developing mouse brain.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11276227
  title: Cdk5 is involved in neuregulin-induced AChR expression at the neuromuscular
    junction.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11517264
  title: p35 and p39 are essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 5 function during
    neurodevelopment.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12496365
  title: CDK5 regulates cell adhesion and migration in corneal epithelial cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12516540
  title: The TGF-beta response to Leishmania chagasi in the absence of IL-12.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15096606
  title: Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 phosphorylates signal transducer and activator of
    transcription 3 and regulates its transcriptional activity.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15123626
  title: Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 associated with p39 promotes Munc18-1 phosphorylation
    and Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15489224
  title: Cdk5/p35 phosphorylates mSds3 and regulates mSds3-mediated repression of
    transcription.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17143272
  title: Cdk5 regulates EphA4-mediated dendritic spine retraction through an
    ephexin1-dependent mechanism.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17341134
  title: Cdk5 is involved in BDNF-stimulated dendritic growth in hippocampal neurons.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17529984
  title: Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 governs learning and synaptic plasticity via control
    of NMDAR degradation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17591690
  title: Stabilization and activation of p53 induced by Cdk5 contributes to neuronal
    cell death.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18054859
  title: Cdk5 promotes synaptogenesis by regulating the subcellular distribution of the
    MAGUK family member CASK.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18325333
  title: CDK5 activator p35 downregulates E-cadherin precursor independently of CDK5.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19118186
  title: Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and downregulation of
    NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing tau-tubulin kinase 1.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20624590
  title: Dixdc1 is a critical regulator of DISC1 and embryonic cortical development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21566658
  title: A novel RING finger protein, Znf179, modulates cell cycle exit and neuronal
    differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24561619
  title: Role of the SIK2-p35-PJA2 complex in pancreatic β-cell functional compensation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:9010203
  title: Mice lacking p35, a neuronal specific activator of Cdk5, display cortical
    lamination defects, seizures, and adult lethality.
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-8863416
  title: Calpain 1 or Calpain 2 cleaves Cdk5r1 (p35)
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868331
  title: Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates Golga2
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868356
  title: Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates lamin A
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868383
  title: Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates lamin B1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868583
  title: Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates Prdx1
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868589
  title: Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates Prdx2
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-8868677
  title: Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates Jun
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9634937
  title: Cdk5r1 gene expression is stimulated by Npas4
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-NUL-8870566
  title: Cdk5:p25 phosphorylates FOXO3
  findings: []
- id: file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
  title: Falcon deep research synthesis for mouse Cdk5r1
  findings:
  - statement: Cdk5r1/p35 is the non-catalytic regulatory activator that binds and
      spatially targets CDK5 in neurons.
    supporting_text: Cdk5r1/p35 is not an enzyme; its primary molecular function is
      to activate and spatially target the serine/threonine kinase CDK5 by direct
      binding.
  - statement: Myristoylated p35 localizes CDK5 activity to membrane-associated
      neuronal compartments, while calpain-cleaved p25 can redistribute activity to
      cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments.
    supporting_text: p35 is the obligate regulatory activator of CDK5 and determines
      where CDK5 acts via myristoylation-dependent membrane targeting.
core_functions:
- description: p35/p25 activates CDK5 in the protein kinase 5 complex to regulate
    neuronal migration, axon guidance, and neuronal cytoskeletal organization.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0061575
    label: cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0001764
    label: neuron migration
  - id: GO:0007411
    label: axon guidance
  - id: GO:0032956
    label: regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  - id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  - id: GO:0030426
    label: growth cone
  in_complex:
    id: GO:0016533
    label: protein kinase 5 complex
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-uniprot.txt
    supporting_text: p35 is a neuron specific activator of CDK5
  - reference_id: file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
    supporting_text: Cdk5r1/p35 is not an enzyme; its primary molecular function is
      to activate and spatially target the serine/threonine kinase CDK5 by direct
      binding.
  - reference_id: file:mouse/Cdk5r1/Cdk5r1-deep-research-falcon.md
    supporting_text: Neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth, synaptic vesicle cycling,
      and postsynaptic plasticity are repeatedly implicated in Cdk5/p35 biology.