Existing Annotations Review

Core Functions

Beta-catenin binds cadherins and alpha-catenin in adherens junctions to support cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion.

Molecular Function:

cadherin binding

Directly Involved In:

cell-cell adhesion cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin

Cellular Locations:

adherens junction cell-cell junction plasma membrane

In Complex:

catenin complex

Supporting Evidence:

file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research-falcon.md
beta-catenin supports adherens junction integrity by binding the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin and linking to alpha-catenin/actin-associated structures.

Stabilized beta-catenin acts with TCF/LEF transcription factors as a transcriptional coactivator in canonical Wnt signaling.

Molecular Function:

transcription coactivator activity

Directly Involved In:

canonical Wnt signaling pathway positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Cellular Locations:

nucleus nucleoplasm

In Complex:

beta-catenin-TCF complex

Supporting Evidence:

file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research-falcon.md
beta-catenin acts as the central transcriptional effector of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, accumulating and entering the nucleus when stabilized to co-activate TCF/LEF-dependent transcription.

References

GO_REF:0000008

Gene Ontology annotation by the MGI curatorial staff, curated orthology

PMID:10662781

Requirement for beta-catenin in anterior-posterior axis formation in mice.

PMID:11371349

beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell differentiation in the skin.

PMID:12194849

Formation of multiple hearts in mice following deletion of beta-catenin in the embryonic endoderm.

PMID:12235125

Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.

PMID:12464179

Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.

PMID:12717450

A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells.

PMID:12813461

Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.

PMID:12885771

beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung morphogenesis.

PMID:12923052

Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.

PMID:12975353

The conditional inactivation of the beta-catenin gene in endothelial cells causes a defective vascular pattern and increased vascular fragility.

PMID:14608382

Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development.

PMID:14622577

Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic assembly.

PMID:15131783

Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.

PMID:15708565

Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specification of the mouse telencephalon.

PMID:15866163

Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.

PMID:15866165

Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation.

PMID:15907834

Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.

PMID:16040629

Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithelial cells in vivo.

PMID:16102745

The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.

PMID:16478791

APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferation induced by RAS.

PMID:16621792

Membrane localization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein at cellular protrusions: targeting sequences and regulation by beta-catenin.

PMID:16818445

Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis.

PMID:17537789

Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during mouse kidney development.

PMID:17706960

Persistent expression of stabilized beta-catenin delays maturation of radial glial cells into intermediate progenitors.

PMID:18231602

Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.

PMID:18533146

An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.

PMID:18635608

Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external genitalia development.

PMID:19023080

Canonical Wnt signaling regulates organ-specific assembly and differentiation of CNS vasculature.

PMID:19060336

A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian kidney.

PMID:19129494

Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-CNS, angiogenesis.

PMID:19154719

Nrarp coordinates endothelial Notch and Wnt signaling to control vessel density in angiogenesis.

PMID:19204372

Both the RGS domain and the six C-terminal amino acids of mouse Axin are required for normal embryogenesis.

PMID:19503085

HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.

PMID:19619491

Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.

PMID:19620969

A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines cardiac progenitor cell fate.

PMID:19690384

Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.

PMID:20043884

Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.

PMID:20454446

WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.

PMID:20503375

Expression analysis of an evolutionarily conserved metallophosphodiesterase gene, Mpped1, in the normal and beta-catenin-deficient malformed dorsal telencephalon.

PMID:21937711

ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the developing brain.

PMID:22102609

Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural plate induces ectopic mid-hindbrain characteristics.

PMID:22723415

Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.

PMID:23824574

Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse.

PMID:25083995

Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and barrier formation.

PMID:28463231

Disruption of lineage specification in adult pulmonary mesenchymal progenitor cells promotes microvascular dysfunction.

PMID:8582267

Lack of beta-catenin affects mouse development at gastrulation.

PMID:9230313

The mouse Fused locus encodes Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway that regulates embryonic axis formation.

GO_REF:0000107

Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara.

GO_REF:0000119

Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs.

PMID:10631168

Hippocampus development and generation of dentate gyrus granule cells is regulated by LEF1.

PMID:12551949

Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and beta-catenin inhibit Runx2-dependent transcriptional activation of the osteocalcin promoter.

PMID:12569130

Ectodermal Wnt3/beta-catenin signaling is required for the establishment and maintenance of the apical ectodermal ridge.

PMID:15024079

Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and is directly regulated by beta-catenin.

PMID:15371327

Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and necessary for synovial joint formation.

PMID:15576404

Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in osteoblast development.

PMID:15729346

Pax3 functions at a nodal point in melanocyte stem cell differentiation.

PMID:15778706

Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal crypts.

PMID:15781477

Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating mutations inhibits Wnt signaling and osteoblast differentiation.

PMID:15802266

Essential role of beta-catenin in postnatal bone acquisition.

PMID:16025118

Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function disrupts thymic development.

PMID:16192304

Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but not islet development.

PMID:16581771

CCN1/Cyr61 is regulated by the canonical Wnt signal and plays an important role in Wnt3A-induced osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

PMID:16678101

Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate cell-lineage determination.

PMID:16936075

The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 expression during somitogenesis.

PMID:17055474

The stabilization of beta-catenin leads to impaired primordial germ cell development via aberrant cell cycle progression.

PMID:17128274

Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.

PMID:17532316

Essential roles of mesenchyme-derived beta-catenin in mouse Müllerian duct morphogenesis.

PMID:17767158

Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt signaling requires ATF/CREB family-mediated transcriptional activation of TGFbeta2.

PMID:18316368

Protein encoded by the Axin(Fu) allele effectively down-regulates Wnt signaling but exerts a dominant negative effect on c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling.

PMID:18692041

Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation: a novel mouse model for tracheal agenesis.

PMID:19056892

A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent p27 turnover in mammary tumors.

PMID:19282366

Genetic interactions of the androgen and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways for the masculinization of external genitalia.

PMID:19515974

Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway inhibits timely myelination and remyelination in the mammalian CNS.

PMID:19686689

Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and sufficient to specify lung progenitors in the foregut.

PMID:19718027

Tcf3 and Tcf4 are essential for long-term homeostasis of skin epithelia.

PMID:19805295

beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse foregut.

PMID:20159597

Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue of a Wnt2-Gata6 pathway required for cardiac inflow tract development.

PMID:20627076

The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway modulates vascular remodeling and specification by upregulating Dll4/Notch signaling.

PMID:21075118

Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin interactions with nonphosphorylated and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.

PMID:21750544

The Wnt3a/β-catenin target gene Mesogenin1 controls the segmentation clock by activating a Notch signalling program.

PMID:22956852

Integration of β-catenin, sirtuin, and FOXO signaling protects from mutant huntingtin toxicity.

PMID:24309208

Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dermal condensates is required for hair follicle formation.

PMID:27713508

Conditional Knockout of Breast Carcinoma Amplified Sequence 2 (BCAS2) in Mouse Forebrain Causes Dendritic Malformation via β-catenin.

PMID:31222549

The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits normal bone phenotype.

GO_REF:0000024

TODO: Fetch title

GO_REF:0000033

TODO: Fetch title

GO_REF:0000043

TODO: Fetch title

GO_REF:0000044

TODO: Fetch title

GO_REF:0000096

TODO: Fetch title

GO_REF:0000117

TODO: Fetch title

GO_REF:0000120

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PMID:10318824

Functional domains of axin. Importance of the C terminus as an oligomerization domain.

PMID:10330403

Domains of axin involved in protein-protein interactions, Wnt pathway inhibition, and intracellular localization.

PMID:10481074

A GSK3-binding peptide from FRAT1 selectively inhibits the GSK3-catalysed phosphorylation of axin and beta-catenin.

PMID:10873669

Identification of a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.

PMID:10882138

Structure of the dimerization and beta-catenin-binding region of alpha-catenin.

PMID:10898789

Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.

PMID:10954424

The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1.

PMID:11104755

Substitution of a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation site in presenilin 1 separates presenilin function from beta-catenin signaling.

PMID:11121423

The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absence of beta-catenin. A possible mechanism for regulating cadherin turnover.

PMID:11262227

Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial development.

PMID:11348595

The structure of the beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex and the molecular basis of diverse ligand recognition by beta-catenin.

PMID:11590244

alphaT-catenin: a novel tissue-specific beta-catenin-binding protein mediating strong cell-cell adhesion.

PMID:11731229

FAM deubiquitylating enzyme is essential for preimplantation mouse embryo development.

PMID:11731231

Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin during the development of hair follicle-derived structures.

PMID:11731265

Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of beta-catenin in the developing mouse lung.

PMID:11872843

Colorectal cancer in mice genetically deficient in the mucin Muc2.

PMID:12040017

Mouse mammary epithelial cells express the Na-K-Cl cotransporter, NKCC1: characterization, localization, and involvement in ductal development and morphogenesis.

PMID:12055200

Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis.

PMID:12181493

TCL1 participates in early embryonic development and is overexpressed in human seminomas.

PMID:12203715

Localization of the novel Xin protein to the adherens junction complex in cardiac and skeletal muscle during development.

PMID:12408825

ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family transcription factors and the general coactivator p300 using independent structural modules.

PMID:12421363

Axin negatively affects tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.

PMID:12432063

Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-catenin with alpha-catenin and its protein stability.

PMID:12494996

Loss of desmoglein 2 suggests essential functions for early embryonic development and proliferation of embryonal stem cells.

PMID:12611902

Regulation of the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase by a novel cholesterol- and cell confluence-dependent mechanism.

PMID:12695331

NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by destabilizing adherens junctions.

PMID:12861022

T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse TCF-4, synergizes with beta-catenin to coactivate C/EBPalpha and steroidogenic factor 1 transcription factors.

PMID:12874278

The PDZ protein tax-interacting protein-1 inhibits beta-catenin transcriptional activity and growth of colorectal cancer cells.

PMID:12949260

Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular vasculature and inhibits testosterone synthesis by repressing steroidogenic factor 1/beta-catenin synergy.

PMID:14597196

Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog suppresses embryonic hair follicle morphogenesis.

PMID:14625387

Foxj1 is required for apical localization of ezrin in airway epithelial cells.

PMID:14647292

Mammalian formin-1 participates in adherens junctions and polymerization of linear actin cables.

PMID:14657280

Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell responses to cadherin activation relying on distinct signalling pathways.

PMID:14687547

RORalpha coordinates reciprocal signaling in cerebellar development through sonic hedgehog and calcium-dependent pathways.

PMID:14691142

alpha3beta1 integrin-CD151, a component of the cadherin-catenin complex, regulates PTPmu expression and cell-cell adhesion.

PMID:14758363

The hyh mutation uncovers roles for alpha Snap in apical protein localization and control of neural cell fate.

PMID:14960280

Ozz-E3, a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, regulates beta-catenin degradation during myogenesis.

PMID:14981260

Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Axin regulates subcellular localization of beta-catenin.

PMID:15023525

Ksp-cadherin is a functional cell-cell adhesion molecule related to LI-cadherin.

PMID:15037549

Loss of cell polarity causes severe brain dysplasia in Lgl1 knockout mice.

PMID:15057752

Beta-catenin is temporally regulated during normal liver development.

PMID:15110721

Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to promote neurogenesis.

PMID:15148305

Mammalian Fat1 cadherin regulates actin dynamics and cell-cell contact.

PMID:15226261

Orpk mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential role of primary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization.

PMID:15292239

Defects in cell adhesion and the visceral endoderm following ablation of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A in mice.

PMID:15314168

Cyclin D1 genetic heterozygosity regulates colonic epithelial cell differentiation and tumor number in ApcMin mice.

PMID:15327768

Mechanism of phosphorylation-dependent binding of APC to beta-catenin and its role in beta-catenin degradation.

PMID:15525667

Stabilization of beta-catenin in the mouse zygote leads to premature epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the epiblast.

PMID:15574752

Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.

PMID:15645444

Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon embryonic development.

PMID:15673614

Wnt10b deficiency promotes coexpression of myogenic and adipogenic programs in myoblasts.

PMID:15775979

E-cadherin is essential for in vivo epidermal barrier function by regulating tight junctions.

PMID:15834408

The KIF3 motor transports N-cadherin and organizes the developing neuroepithelium.

PMID:15905404

Functional interaction between beta-catenin and FOXO in oxidative stress signaling.

PMID:15908431

MAGI1 recruits Dll1 to cadherin-based adherens junctions and stabilizes it on the cell surface.

PMID:15987773

Forkhead box A1 regulates prostate ductal morphogenesis and promotes epithelial cell maturation.

PMID:16199027

Vezatin, a protein associated to adherens junctions, is required for mouse blastocyst morphogenesis.

PMID:16249236

Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positioning of an actomyosin network.

PMID:16293619

Thermodynamics of beta-catenin-ligand interactions: the roles of the N- and C-terminal tails in modulating binding affinity.

PMID:16364283

Hex homeobox gene controls the transition of the endoderm to a pseudostratified, cell emergent epithelium for liver bud development.

PMID:16368433

Deficient E-cadherin adhesion in C57BL/6J-Min/+ mice is associated with increased tyrosine kinase activity and RhoA-dependent actomyosin contractility.

PMID:16418220

Desmocollin 3 is required for pre-implantation development of the mouse embryo.

PMID:16439479

Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by limiting mesenchymal Wnt signaling and promoting extracellular matrix production.

PMID:16481394

The transitional junction: a new functional subcellular domain at the intercalated disc.

PMID:16489008

Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell cycle progression.

PMID:16611247

Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified as a target of high-risk HPV E6 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, interacts with adenomatous polyposis coli.

PMID:16678815

Lef1 is required for the transition of Wnt signaling from mesenchymal to epithelial cells in the mouse embryonic mammary gland.

PMID:16740478

Apc tumor suppressor gene is the "zonation-keeper" of mouse liver.

PMID:16858399

C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex neural precursor population.

PMID:16892058

The Rho-GTPase cdc42 regulates neural progenitor fate at the apical surface.

PMID:16962386

Tissue, cellular and sub-cellular localization of the Vangl2 protein during embryonic development: effect of the Lp mutation.

PMID:16973135

Intracellular substrates of brain-enriched receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase rho (RPTPrho/PTPRT).

PMID:16989802

Levels of mesenchymal FGFR2 signaling modulate smooth muscle progenitor cell commitment in the lung.

PMID:17130295

Distinct subdomain organization and molecular composition of a tight junction with adherens junction features.

PMID:17331723

Inhibitory Gli3 activity negatively regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.

PMID:17535849

A unique and specific interaction between alphaT-catenin and plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the mixed-type junctional structure of cardiac intercalated discs.

PMID:17544522

Targeted disruption of the murine large nuclear KIAA1440/Ints1 protein causes growth arrest in early blastocyst stage embryos and eventual apoptotic cell death.

PMID:17560563

Fgf10 dosage is critical for the amplification of epithelial cell progenitors and for the formation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development.

PMID:17596282

Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor suppression upon Apc inactivation in the pancreas.

PMID:17615359

Regulation of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis through the adaptor protein MyD88.

PMID:17666436

Shroom2, a myosin-VIIa- and actin-binding protein, directly interacts with ZO-1 at tight junctions.

PMID:17671182

Haploinsufficiency of Krüppel-like factor 4 promotes adenomatous polyposis coli dependent intestinal tumorigenesis.

PMID:17920587

FERM protein EPB41L5 is a novel member of the mammalian CRB-MPP5 polarity complex.

PMID:18202148

Cooperative control via lymphoid enhancer factor 1/T cell factor 3 and estrogen receptor-alpha for uterine gene regulation by estrogen.

PMID:18632848

SUMOylation target sites at the C terminus protect Axin from ubiquitination and confer protein stability.

PMID:18636119

Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) mediates atrioventricular-node function and connexin 45 localization in the murine heart.

PMID:18816447

Diverse roles of E-cadherin in the morphogenesis of the submandibular gland: insights into the formation of acinar and ductal structures.

PMID:18978355

Overexpression of TEAD-1 in transgenic mouse striated muscles produces a slower skeletal muscle contractile phenotype.

PMID:19107203

Direct inhibition of GSK3beta by the phosphorylated cytoplasmic domain of LRP6 in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.

PMID:19112489

Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin signaling to prevent ectopic metanephric kidney induction.

PMID:19122665

Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neurogenesis.

PMID:19151727

Regulation of cardiovascular development and integrity by the heart of glass-cerebral cavernous malformation protein pathway.

PMID:19213727

Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization through R-spondin 2.

PMID:19458197

Scribble interacts with beta-catenin to localize synaptic vesicles to synapses.

PMID:19497282

Wnt7a activates the planar cell polarity pathway to drive the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells.

PMID:19725955

Arginine methyltransferase CARM1/PRMT4 regulates endochondral ossification.

PMID:19796622

Uncovering early response of gene regulatory networks in ESCs by systematic induction of transcription factors.

PMID:19850029

A critical role for sFRP proteins in maintaining caudal neural tube closure in mice via inhibition of BMP signaling.

PMID:19966784

Sec24b selectively sorts Vangl2 to regulate planar cell polarity during neural tube closure.

PMID:20016102

The small GTPase Rac1 regulates auditory hair cell morphogenesis.

PMID:20089884

Milk secretion and ejection are impaired in the mammary gland of mice harboring a Cx43 mutant while expression and localization of tight and adherens junction proteins remain unchanged.

PMID:20299672

Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.

PMID:20300119

Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates centrosome cohesion.

PMID:20371816

LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.

PMID:20399730

The apical complex couples cell fate and cell survival to cerebral cortical development.

PMID:20413591

The TRPV4 channel contributes to intercellular junction formation in keratinocytes.

PMID:20531388

Mutant huntingtin-impaired degradation of beta-catenin causes neurotoxicity in Huntington's disease.

PMID:20802155

Sox17 modulates Wnt3A/beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation of the Lef-1 promoter.

PMID:20837657

Abelson family kinases regulate Frizzled planar cell polarity signaling via Dsh phosphorylation.

PMID:21103407

The leukemia-associated Mllt10/Af10-Dot1l are Tcf4/β-catenin coactivators essential for intestinal homeostasis.

PMID:21262216

The zinc finger transcription factors Osr1 and Osr2 control synovial joint formation.

PMID:21325504

Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervation during sympathetic nervous system development.

PMID:21350016

Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell expansion and differentiation during kidney development.

PMID:21377456

Grainyhead-like 2 regulates neural tube closure and adhesion molecule expression during neural fold fusion.

PMID:21393547

A polarized epithelium organized by beta- and alpha-catenin predates cadherin and metazoan origins.

PMID:21512031

Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size.

PMID:21552260

Nemo kinase phosphorylates β-catenin to promote ommatidial rotation and connects core PCP factors to E-cadherin-β-catenin.

PMID:21730140

Ezrin-mediated apical integrity is required for intestinal homeostasis.

PMID:21751375

Functional analysis of novel phosphorylation sites of CREB-binding protein using mass spectrometry and mammalian two-hybrid assays.

PMID:21752258

A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a candidate regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk: Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival and neuroprotection.

PMID:21991325

RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia differentiation and entry into meiosis in the mouse fetal ovary.

PMID:21991385

Adhesion protein VSIG1 is required for the proper differentiation of glandular gastric epithelia.

PMID:22083958

Histone H1 recruitment by CHD8 is essential for suppression of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.

PMID:22139371

Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3 (Bbs3) knockout mouse model reveals common BBS-associated phenotypes and Bbs3 unique phenotypes.

PMID:22645310

Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via β-catenin.

PMID:22665494

mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt signaling through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in mouse spermatogonial cells.

PMID:22899650

LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytosolic proteins and membrane-localized LRP6.

PMID:23266329

Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus formation and initiation of cytodifferentiation in the embryonic intestinal epithelium.

PMID:23273993

Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and acquisition of stem-cell-like properties.

PMID:23377854

Physiological role of β-catenin/TCF signaling in neurons of the adult brain.

PMID:23460868

β-catenin is essential for efficient in vitro premyogenic mesoderm formation but can be partially compensated by retinoic acid signalling.

PMID:23610556

A positive feedback loop involving Gcm1 and Fzd5 directs chorionic branching morphogenesis in the placenta.

PMID:23740243

Activation of the transcription factor GLI1 by WNT signaling underlies the role of SULFATASE 2 as a regulator of tissue regeneration.

PMID:23856522

Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and cardiovascular differentiation of embryonic stem cells.

PMID:23863479

Tumor suppressor Nf2 limits expansion of the neural progenitor pool by inhibiting Yap/Taz transcriptional coactivators.

PMID:24046456

Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junctions.

PMID:24191021

Sox9 plays multiple roles in the lung epithelium during branching morphogenesis.

PMID:24338362

POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin motor complex.

PMID:24681597

Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cutaneous stem cell proliferation.

PMID:24847765

From inception to output, Tcf1 and Lef1 safeguard development of T cells and innate immune cells.

PMID:25009587

Depletion of canonical Wnt signaling components has a neuroprotective effect on midbrain dopaminergic neurons in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

PMID:25232112

Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis by controlling subcellular N-cadherin localization.

PMID:25535395

Notch inhibition induces mitotically generated hair cells in mammalian cochleae via activating the Wnt pathway.

PMID:25873176

TGIF governs a feed-forward network that empowers Wnt signaling to drive mammary tumorigenesis.

PMID:25961718

Resveratrol-Induced Vascular Progenitor Differentiation towards Endothelial Lineage via MiR-21/Akt/β-Catenin Is Protective in Vessel Graft Models.

PMID:25979161

Transmembrane protein 64 reciprocally regulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

PMID:26371318

Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical neurogenesis.

PMID:26787558

SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens junction stability and reduced cranial neural crest cell delamination.

PMID:26893351

The transcription factor SOX6 contributes to the developmental origins of obesity by promoting adipogenesis.

PMID:27015268

Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for Tooth Development and Ameloblast Differentiation.

PMID:27375112

Antagonistic Regulation of Intercellular Cohesion by Plakophilins 1 and 3.

PMID:28641114

A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.

PMID:29148101

Homeobox protein MSX-1 inhibits expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells during the late bell stage.

PMID:29211732

The mouse Jhy gene regulates ependymal cell differentiation and ciliogenesis.

PMID:30389919

ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal stem cell niche.

PMID:30478225

TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.

PMID:30659184

Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

PMID:31073040

LMBR1L regulates lymphopoiesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

PMID:32533114

ADNP promotes neural differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

PMID:32868762

The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic patterning and differentiation from embryonic to late postnatal development.

PMID:8555428

Immunotoxicologic effects of ethylene dibromide in the mouse and their modulation by the estrous cycle.

PMID:8821035

Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic development and in adult tissues.

PMID:8853988

Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during mouse preimplantation development.

PMID:8909549

The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones.

PMID:9264463

A specific domain in alpha-catenin mediates binding to beta-catenin or plakoglobin.

PMID:9488439

Two members of the Tcf family implicated in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during embryogenesis in the mouse.

PMID:9554852

Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with beta-catenin, APC, and GSK3beta.

PMID:9950951

Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of apical brush border actin in cystic tubules of bcl-2 -/- mice.

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file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research-falcon.md

Falcon deep research synthesis for mouse Ctnnb1

Beta-catenin has two core molecular roles: cadherin-catenin adhesion at adherens junctions and canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivation.

"beta-catenin is widely characterized as a multifunctional protein that supports adherens junction integrity by binding the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin and acts as the central transcriptional effector of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling."
Ctnnb1 is a non-enzymatic adaptor and transcriptional coactivator whose functions are driven by partner-specific protein interactions.

"Ctnnb1/beta-catenin is best annotated as a non-enzymatic adaptor and transcriptional co-activator whose primary molecular functions arise from protein-protein interactions rather than catalytic activity."

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Single-cell RNA sequencing of tissues with conditional β-catenin knockout to map cell-type-specific transcriptional programs

Experiment: Super-resolution microscopy to study β-catenin dynamics between adherens junctions and the nucleus during Wnt signaling

Experiment: Cryo-EM structural determination of β-catenin in complex with different binding partners like cadherins and TCF/LEF

Experiment: Lineage tracing in mouse models to study β-catenin function in stem cell fate decisions during development and regeneration

📚 Additional Documentation

Deep Research

(Ctnnb1-deep-research.md)

Deep Research Report: Ctnnb1 (mouse)

Generated using OpenAI Deep Research API

Ctnnb1 (β-Catenin) – Comprehensive Functional Profile

Gene Function and Molecular Mechanisms

Ctnnb1 encodes β-catenin, an 88 kDa protein that plays a dual role in cell adhesion and intracellular signaling (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In cell adhesion, β-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions, linking the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin to α-catenin and the actin cytoskeleton (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). This linkage is crucial for the adhesive function of classical cadherins in forming stable cell–cell contacts in epithelial and other tissues (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). β-Catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In the absence of Wnt signal, free β-catenin (not bound at cell junctions) is rapidly targeted for destruction: it is phosphorylated on N-terminal serine/threonine residues by a “destruction complex” consisting of AXIN, APC, casein kinase 1, and GSK3β, followed by β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). However, when Wnt ligands are present, this destruction complex is inhibited, allowing β-catenin to stabilize and accumulate in the cytoplasm and eventually translocate into the nucleus (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In the nucleus, β-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex that drives expression of Wnt target genes (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Through these mechanisms, β-catenin links external Wnt signals to changes in gene expression, while also anchoring cell–cell adhesion complexes – a combination of functions that underscores its central role in signal transduction and cell structure (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

Cellular Localization and Subcellular Components

β-Catenin is predominantly found at the plasma membrane in cells, localized to adherens junctions (GO:0005912) where it complexes with cadherins and other catenins in the apicolateral and basolateral membrane regions of epithelial cells (www.informatics.jax.org). This membrane-associated pool of β-catenin is structural, contributing to cell junction assembly and maintenance. A significant portion of β-catenin also exists in the cytosol (GO:0005829), where it is either en route to degradation or poised for signaling. Cytosolic β-catenin participates in the β-catenin destruction complex (GO:1990907) (also referred to as the Axin-APC Wnt signalosome), a multi-protein complex that regulates β-catenin stability in the absence of Wnt signals (www.informatics.jax.org) (genular.atomic-lab.org). Upon Wnt pathway activation, stabilized β-catenin accumulates and translocates to the nucleus (GO:0005634) (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In the nucleus, β-catenin associates with chromatin (particularly euchromatin) as part of transcriptional complexes, co-activating gene expression programs (www.informatics.jax.org). Notably, β-catenin has been observed in specific subcellular structures: for example, it is a component of the Scribble-APC-β-catenin complex (implicated in cell polarity/signaling) and has been detected in neuronal synapses, including the postsynaptic density and synaptic membranes in hippocampal neurons (www.informatics.jax.org). This distribution reflects β-catenin’s ability to shuttle between the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, acting in both structural cell adhesion contexts and gene regulatory contexts as needed.

Biological Processes Involvement

β-Catenin is involved in a wide array of biological processes, consistent with its structural and signaling functions. It is a pivotal mediator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0060070), driving cell fate specification and embryonic patterning. During embryogenesis, β-catenin is required for processes such as embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification, as initially shown by studies in model organisms where ectopic β-catenin can induce a secondary body axis (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In organ development, β-catenin plays essential roles; for instance, it functions in nervous system development and the regulation of neurogenesis, as well as in the formation of organs like the kidney, lungs, and limbs (www.informatics.jax.org) (www.informatics.jax.org). At the cellular level, β-catenin is crucial for cell–cell adhesion (GO:0007155), working as part of adherens junctions that are necessary for maintaining epithelial layer integrity (www.proteinatlas.org). It also participates in the control of gene transcription by RNA polymerase II, reflecting its role as a transcriptional co-regulator in the nucleus (www.informatics.jax.org). β-Catenin activity influences processes like cell proliferation and differentiation, and it has been implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process important in development and cancer metastasis (consistent with its Wnt signaling function). In the context of the nervous system, β-catenin contributes to synapse formation and plasticity; for example, it has been shown to affect synaptic signaling and neurotransmission in neuronal circuits (which may underlie some neurodevelopmental effects) (www.informatics.jax.org). Overall, Ctnnb1/β-catenin is annotated to numerous biological process terms, ranging from cell adhesion and signal transduction to tissue morphogenesis and regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, highlighting its broad functional involvement (www.informatics.jax.org) (genular.atomic-lab.org).

Protein Domains and Structural Features

The β-catenin protein (781 amino acids in mouse) contains several defined regions that correspond to its functional domains. Its central portion (~~ residues 134–697) consists of a series of 12 tandem Armadillo repeats, a 42-amino-acid motif that classifies β-catenin as a member of the Armadillo repeat protein family (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). These Armadillo repeats fold together into a superhelical structure that forms a positively-charged groove, which serves as a versatile protein–protein interaction interface (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Through this interface, β-catenin directly binds multiple partners, including the cytoplasmic tail of cadherins, TCF/LEF transcription factors, and the APC tumor suppressor protein (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The N-terminal region of β-catenin contains several critical phosphorylation sites (Ser/Thr residues) that regulate its stability. In the absence of Wnt, these N-terminal residues (e.g. Ser33/37/Thr41 in human β-catenin) are phosphorylated by casein kinase 1 and GSK3β, marking β-catenin for ubiquitin-mediated degradation (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). This N-terminal “degron” thus acts as a regulatory domain controlling β-catenin’s half-life. In contrast, the C-terminal region of β-catenin (approximately last 100 amino acids) is largely unstructured and is known as the transactivation domain. This C-terminal domain is necessary for β-catenin’s role in gene activation – it engages transcriptional co-activators and components of the basal transcription machinery. For example, experiments in Xenopus have shown that the C-terminal transactivation domain of β-catenin is required to drive Wnt target gene expression during axis formation (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). A fusion of β-catenin’s C-terminal domain to a DNA-binding protein can induce transcription and developmental effects, whereas β-catenin lacking the C-terminus cannot activate target genes effectively (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Thus, structurally, β-catenin can be viewed as having a modular architecture: an N-terminal regulatory domain, a central Armadillo-repeat domain for protein interactions (scaffold for adhesion and signaling complexes), and a C-terminal domain for transcriptional activation. This architecture allows β-catenin to serve as both a scaffolding protein (at cell junctions and in multiprotein complexes) and a gene regulator, depending on context (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

Disease Associations and Phenotypes

Given its fundamental roles, it is not surprising that Ctnnb1/β-catenin is implicated in various diseases and developmental disorders. In humans, heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in CTNNB1 cause a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder (sometimes termed “CTNNB1 syndrome”), characterized by intellectual disability, spastic diplegia, and often congenital retinal dystrophy or exudative vitreoretinopathy due to impaired Wnt signaling in the eye (www.informatics.jax.org). Indeed, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy 7 (FEVR7) is caused by CTNNB1 mutations that disrupt Wnt-mediated vascular development in the retina (www.informatics.jax.org). Mouse models have been used to study autism spectrum disorder and other neuropsychiatric conditions, since alterations in β-catenin/ Wnt signaling or cell adhesion in the brain can lead to synaptic and behavioral defects (www.informatics.jax.org). On the other end of the spectrum, gain-of-function mutations in Ctnnb1 (especially those that stabilize β-catenin by preventing N-terminal phosphorylation) are oncogenic. β-Catenin is a well-known proto-oncogene: somatic CTNNB1 mutations or defects in its regulators (like APC) lead to excessive Wnt signaling, driving uncontrolled cell proliferation. Such activating mutations in CTNNB1 are found in a variety of cancers, notably colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma, medulloblastoma, ovarian cancer, and benign tumors like pilomatrixomas (www.informatics.jax.org) (www.proteinatlas.org). In fact, β-catenin’s involvement in colon cancer was first recognized through its binding to the APC protein, which is mutated in familial adenomatous polyposis coli – loss of APC leads to β-catenin accumulation and transcription of oncogenic Wnt targets (www.proteinatlas.org) (www.proteinatlas.org). Aside from cancer, tissue-specific Ctnnb1 mutations can cause developmental defects; for example, conditional deletion of Ctnnb1 in limb mesenchyme or other contexts results in failures of proper tissue development (due to loss of Wnt signaling in those cells). Germline knockout of Ctnnb1 in mice is embryonic lethal – embryos lacking β-catenin cannot complete pre-implantation development properly, partly because the blastomeres fail to remain adherent without β-catenin-mediated adhesion, causing embryo fragmentation (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In chimeric or conditional settings, β-catenin–deficient embryos show severe gastrulation and patterning defects, underscoring its requirement in early embryonic cell fates. In summary, perturbations of β-catenin activity are associated with a spectrum of phenotypes: developmental disorders when β-catenin function is reduced, and oncogenesis when β-catenin function is hyperactive or unregulated.

Expression Patterns and Regulation

Ctnnb1 is expressed ubiquitously in the mouse, with particularly high expression in certain developing and adult tissues. During embryogenesis, β-catenin mRNA and protein are detected in many tissues, with notable levels in the central nervous system (e.g., embryonic brain) and in limb buds during mid-gestation (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). As development progresses and in adult mice, Ctnnb1 continues to be broadly expressed. β-Catenin is highly expressed in self-renewing and progenitor cell populations – for instance, in the intestinal epithelium, which has a high turnover, β-catenin is expressed in crypt progenitor cells where Wnt signaling actively drives proliferation. A survey of CTNNB1 expression (human data, which parallels mouse) indicates it is widely expressed in multiple tissues and organs, with especially high levels observed in brain, uterus, lung, bladder, and kidney (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In the adult brain, β-catenin is enriched in regions like the cortex and hippocampus, consistent with its roles in synaptic function and neurogenesis (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The regulation of Ctnnb1 expression itself can be tissue-specific: recent studies have identified tissue-specific enhancers that modulate Ctnnb1 transcription in certain contexts (for example, an intestinal enhancer element that fine-tunes β-catenin levels to balance normal gut homeostasis versus tumorigenesis) (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Post-transcriptionally, the abundance of β-catenin protein in cells is chiefly regulated by the Wnt-dependent stabilization/degradation mechanism described earlier, rather than large changes in mRNA levels. Thus, while Ctnnb1 is constitutively expressed in most cell types (house-keeping role in adhesion), the activation state of β-catenin (and hence its function in signaling) is tightly controlled by upstream signals. Additionally, certain external factors and signaling pathways can influence β-catenin’s activity and localization – for instance, growth factors and hormones may modulate GSK3β activity or cadherin availability, indirectly affecting β-catenin. In summary, β-catenin is broadly and constitutively expressed in mammals, reflecting its fundamental role, and its activity is primarily regulated by protein stability and dynamic localization rather than on/off gene expression. This widespread expression pattern aligns with the diverse requirement for β-catenin in various cell types and organs throughout development and adulthood (www.informatics.jax.org) (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

Evolutionary Conservation

β-Catenin is highly conserved across metazoan species, underscoring its importance in essential cellular processes. The human CTNNB1 gene is orthologous to mouse Ctnnb1 with a high degree of sequence identity, and both encode β-catenin proteins with virtually identical domain structures (www.informatics.jax.org). Orthologs of β-catenin exist in all vertebrates and even in more distant animals. In Drosophila melanogaster, for example, the β-catenin homologue is called Armadillo (arm), which was originally discovered as a segment-polarity gene. Armadillo performs the same dual functions as vertebrate β-catenin: it is required for Wingless (Wnt) signaling and for assembly of adherens junctions in the fly (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Studies in Drosophila have demonstrated that the molecular interactions are conserved – Armadillo binds to DE-cadherin and fly α-catenin for adhesion, and translocates to the nucleus to interact with Pangolin (fly TCF) for gene regulation (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The conservation extends to the level of protein domains (the Armadillo repeat motifs are present in fly Armadillo and show high similarity to those in mouse β-catenin) and function. In Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode), the β-catenin functions are split between multiple paralogous proteins, due to an ancient gene duplication. C. elegans has at least two β-catenin-like proteins: HMP-2, which exclusively mediates cell–cell adhesion by partnering with the single worm cadherin (HMR-1), and BAR-1, which is dedicated to Wnt signaling, forming a complex with POP-1 (TCF) to activate Wnt target genes (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). This suggests that the ancestral β-catenin’s combined roles were partitioned in certain lineages (in worms and some insects) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), whereas in vertebrates and fruit flies a single protein retains both functions. The core Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is thought to be ancient, as even primitive metazoans have Wnt ligands and β-catenin-like molecules to control developmental patterning. The cadherin–catenin cell adhesion complex is also an ancient invention of multicellular animals, indicating β-catenin has been a central player in multicellularity. Overall, the structure and function of β-catenin have been strongly conserved through evolution, from invertebrates to mammals, reflecting the essential and universal nature of Wnt signaling and cadherin-based adhesion in animal biology (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

Key Experimental Evidence and Literature

The functional understanding of β-catenin has been built through classic experiments in cell biology, developmental biology, and genetics. Early biochemical studies that co-immunoprecipitated E-cadherin complexes identified β-catenin (originally as an 88 kDa protein) as a cadherin-associated protein, linking cadherins to the cytoskeleton. This finding explained how cadherins, via catenins, transmit contact inhibition signals to stop cell division once an epithelial layer is confluent (www.proteinatlas.org). Genetic studies in Drosophila were pivotal: mutants in the armadillo gene were found to have disrupted segment development (due to failed Wingless signaling) and loss of epithelial integrity, highlighting both signaling and adhesion roles. A landmark Drosophila structure-function analysis used armadillo mutants to map β-catenin’s functional domains: it revealed that distinct regions of the protein mediate adhesion vs. Wnt signaling, and that these functions can be uncoupled (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). For example, the binding sites for DE-cadherin and α-catenin on Armadillo were mapped, and both interactions were shown to be required for adherens junction function (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Separately, two regions crucial for Wingless/Wnt signaling were identified, and it was demonstrated that Armadillo protein accumulates in the nucleus to transmit the Wingless signal (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). These experiments provided direct evidence that β-catenin moves to the nucleus and that its roles in adhesion and signaling are molecularly separable (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In vertebrates, a classic experiment in Xenopus laevis showed that microinjection of β-catenin mRNA into early embryos leads to the formation of a secondary body axis, effectively duplicating the embryonic organizer – a powerful demonstration that β-catenin activation is sufficient to induce major developmental programs (a hallmark of Wnt signaling) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Conversely, blockade of β-catenin (or its co-factor TCF) in embryos causes loss of dorsal structures, confirming its necessity in axis formation. In mouse models, Ctnnb1 knockout studies underscored the protein’s essential functions: embryos entirely lacking β-catenin arrest early in development. Notably, zygotic Ctnnb1 null embryos fail to complete blastocyst implantation, in part because their cells cannot adhere properly (blastomeres in β-catenin–deficient embryos tend to dissociate) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Conditional knockouts have further revealed tissue-specific requirements – for instance, deleting β-catenin in neural progenitors or in synaptic proteins has been shown to cause defects in synapse development and behavior, linking β-catenin to neurological phenotypes (e.g., autism-like behaviors in mice) (www.informatics.jax.org). In cancer biology, key evidence for β-catenin’s role came from the discovery of CTNNB1 mutations in tumors and from cell culture experiments: introducing stable, mutant β-catenin into normal cells drives them to adopt cancer-like traits, such as loss of contact inhibition and anchorage-independent growth. For example, one study showed that oncogenic β-catenin can block anoikis (detachment-induced cell death) in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells, promoting their survival and growth in suspension (www.proteinatlas.org). Structural biology has also contributed to our understanding: the crystal structure of β-catenin’s Armadillo repeat domain revealed how it forms a scaffold to accommodate various binding partners (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). This structural insight has guided the design of inhibitors that disrupt β-catenin’s interaction with TCF or other partners as potential therapeutic strategies in Wnt-driven cancers. Together, these experimental findings from diverse approaches provide a comprehensive picture of β-catenin as a protein that is indispensable for developmental processes and tissue architecture, and when dysregulated, a driver of disease.

Relevant Gene Ontology (GO) Terms

The multifaceted roles of Ctnnb1/β-catenin are captured by numerous Gene Ontology annotations, supported by experimental evidence in mouse and other species. Key GO terms associated with this gene include:

Molecular Function (MF):
Cadherin binding (GO:0045296) – β-catenin binds the cytoplasmic domain of cadherins at cell junctions (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
Alpha-catenin binding (GO:0034333) – interacts with α-catenin to link cadherin complexes to actin filaments (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
Transcription factor binding (GO:0008134) – binds TCF/LEF transcription factors in the nucleus to co-regulate gene expression (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
Enzyme binding (GO:0019899) – associates with various enzymes (e.g., kinases like GSK3β, or others in signaling complexes) (www.informatics.jax.org).
(β-Catenin has also been noted as a transcription co-activator, facilitating RNA polymerase II transcription, which corresponds to its role in transcription regulation.)
Biological Process (BP):
Canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0060070) – mediates Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction leading to target gene activation (genular.atomic-lab.org).
Cell–cell adhesion (GO:0098609) – essential for adherens junction assembly and maintenance of tissue architecture (www.proteinatlas.org) (www.proteinatlas.org).
Regulation of transcription, DNA-templated (GO:0006355) – influences transcription of specific genes as part of the β-catenin/TCF complex (www.informatics.jax.org).
Neurogenesis (GO:0022008) – involved in nervous system development and generation of neurons (www.proteinatlas.org).
Embryonic morphogenesis (GO:0048598) – required for proper embryonic development and body plan formation (www.informatics.jax.org).
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0001837) – participates in EMT during development and cancer progression (through Wnt signaling effects).
(Additional processes: β-catenin is also linked to cell proliferation, apoptosis regulation, stem cell maintenance, and axis specification as evidenced by various studies.)
Cellular Component (CC):
Adherens junction (GO:0005912) – localized at cadherin-based adherens junctions in the plasma membrane (www.proteinatlas.org).
Catenin complex (GO:0044338) – a component of the cadherin–catenin complex that mediates cell adhesion.
Cytosol (GO:0005829) – cytosolic pool where β-catenin is regulated by the destruction complex (genular.atomic-lab.org).
Nucleus (GO:0005634) – translocates to the nucleus to form transcriptional complexes on DNA (www.informatics.jax.org).
β-Catenin destruction complex (GO:1990907) – part of the Axin/APC/GSK3β complex that controls β-catenin stability (genular.atomic-lab.org).
Postsynaptic density (GO:0014069) – present at neuronal synapses, indicating a role in synaptic structure/function (www.informatics.jax.org).

Each of these GO terms is supported by experimental evidence (e.g., physical binding assays, localization studies, mutant phenotypes) from the literature. These annotations are useful for capturing the multi-functional nature of β-catenin in Gene Ontology, aiding curators and researchers in understanding the gene’s roles in a structured, searchable manner.

Deep Research Bioreason

(Ctnnb1-deep-research-bioreason.md)

BioReason Chat Export

Exported on March 22, 2026 at 01:25 AM

Organism: Mus musculus

Sequence:

MATQADLMELDMAMEPDRKAAVSHWQQQSYLDSGIHSGATTTAPSLSGKGNPEEEDVDTSQVLYEWEQGFSQSFTQEQVADIDGQYAMTRAQRVRAAMFPETLDEGMQIPSTQFDAAHPTNVQRLAEPSQMLKHAVVNLINYQDDAELATRAIPELTKLLNDEDQVVVNKAAVMVHQLSKKEASRHAIMRSPQMVSAIVRTMQNTNDVETARCTAGTLHNLSHHREGLLAIFKSGGIPALVKMLGSPVDSVLFYAITTLHNLLLHQEGAKMAVRLAGGLQKMVALLNKTNVKFLAITTDCLQILAYGNQESKLIILASGGPQALVNIMRTYTYEKLLWTTSRVLKVLSVCSSNKPAIVEAGGMQALGLHLTDPSQRLVQNCLWTLRNLSDAATKQEGMEGLLGTLVQLLGSDDINVVTCAAGILSNLTCNNYKNKMMVCQVGGIEALVRTVLRAGDREDITEPAICALRHLTSRHQEAEMAQNAVRLHYGLPVVVKLLHPPSHWPLIKATVGLIRNLALCPANHAPLREQGAIPRLVQLLVRAHQDTQRRTSMGGTQQQFVEGVRMEEIVEGCTGALHILARDVHNRIVIRGLNTIPLFVQLLYSPIENIQRVAAGVLCELAQDKEAAEAIEAEGATAPLTELLHSRNEGVATYAAAVLFRMSEDKPQDYKKRLSVELTSSLFRTEPMAWNETADLGLDIGAQGEALGYRQDDPSYRSFHSGGYGQDALGMDPMMEHEMGGHHPGADYPVDGLPDLGHAQDLMDGLPPGDSNQLAWFDTDL

Thinking Trace

I begin with the InterPro architecture. The sequence is assigned to IPR013284 (Beta-catenin family, residues 3–781), establishing membership in the beta-catenin/plakoglobin/plastin lineage that forms armadillo-repeat scaffolds. Nested within this, IPR011989 (Armadillo-like helical homologous superfamily, residues 123–666) and IPR016024 (Armadillo-type fold homologous superfamily, residues 135–664) define a central alpha-helical solenoid composed of tandem armadillo repeats. The repeat core is explicitly captured by IPR000225 (Armadillo repeat, residues 141–664). This ordered array of armadillo repeats creates an extended, positively charged groove that binds diverse partners—classically cadherin cytoplasmic tails and catenins—through multivalent, shape-complementary interactions. The N-terminal family signature and C-terminal tail together tune affinity and selectivity, causing robust protein–protein interaction capacity rather than catalysis.

This armadillo-repeat scaffold dictates molecular function as a binding hub. The repeat architecture generates high-affinity surfaces for assembling multiprotein complexes, supporting GO:0005515 protein binding as the primary molecular function. In beta-catenin family proteins, the same scaffold often coordinates junctional assemblies and transcriptional regulators; here, the absence of enzymatic motifs and the dominance of repeat-mediated interfaces argue that binding and scaffolding—not enzymatic activity—are the core functions.

From function to process, the armadillo scaffold couples two major pathways. First, it nucleates adherens junctions by docking to cadherin cytoplasmic domains and recruiting other catenins, driving cell–cell adhesion and junction maturation—central to adherens junction assembly and maintenance. Second, members of this family can shuttle to nuclear complexes and modulate transcriptional programs; although this isoform’s detailed roles are not fully resolved, the capacity of the armadillo core to assemble regulatory complexes rationalizes participation in signal-responsive gene control that coordinates with junctional signaling.

The cellular context follows directly from the scaffold’s role. The absence of transmembrane segments and the presence of extensive interaction surfaces predict a soluble cytoplasmic protein that concentrates at cell–cell junctions. This matches a junctional adaptor that operates at adherens junctions while remaining cytoplasmic when not bound, aligning with the observed cytoplasm/cytostroma and junctional enrichment.

Mechanistically, I hypothesize that this armadillo-repeat scaffold forms a high-avidity platform at adherens junctions, binding cadherin tails and recruiting alpha-catenin/plakophilins to stabilize the adhesion complex. Dynamic exchange with cytoplasmic pools likely allows regulated assembly with transcriptional co-regulators under signaling cues. Likely partners include classical cadherins and the catenin network at junctions, with transient associations to transcriptional regulators that tune adhesion-coupled gene expression.

Functional Summary

A cytoplasmic armadillo-repeat scaffold that concentrates at cell–cell junctions to organize multiprotein assemblies. By using a tandem helical repeat core, it binds cytoplasmic adhesion receptors and junctional adaptors to stabilize adherens junction architecture while dynamically exchanging with soluble pools. This binding-driven mechanism positions it to coordinate adhesion with signal-responsive gene regulation, operating predominantly at junctions within the cytoplasmic compartment.

UniProt Summary

Not yet known.

InterPro Domains

Beta-catenin (IPR013284, family) — residues 3-781
Armadillo-like helical (IPR011989, homologous_superfamily) — residues 123-666
Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024, homologous_superfamily) — residues 135-664
Armadillo (IPR000225, repeat) — residues 141-664

GO Terms

Molecular Function: molecular_function (GO:0003674), molecular function regulator activity (GO:0098772), binding (GO:0005488), transcription regulator activity (GO:0140110), molecular function activator activity (GO:0140677), heterocyclic compound binding (GO:1901363), chromatin binding (GO:0003682), organic cyclic compound binding (GO:0097159), transcription coregulator activity (GO:0003712), protein binding (GO:0005515), transcription factor binding (GO:0008134), nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676), alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294), protein domain specific binding (GO:0019904), cell adhesion molecule binding (GO:0050839), enzyme binding (GO:0019899), transcription coactivator activity (GO:0003713), cadherin binding (GO:0045296), DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0140297), kinase binding (GO:0019900), transcription coregulator binding (GO:0001221), disordered domain specific binding (GO:0097718), histone methyltransferase binding (GO:1990226), phosphatase binding (GO:0019902), RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0061629), protein kinase binding (GO:0019901), protein phosphatase binding (GO:0019903), nuclear receptor binding (GO:0016922)

Biological Process: biological_process (GO:0008150), biological regulation (GO:0065007), response to stimulus (GO:0050896), reproductive process (GO:0022414), regulation of biological process (GO:0050789), reproduction (GO:0000003), multicellular organismal process (GO:0032501), metabolic process (GO:0008152), homeostatic process (GO:0042592), immune system process (GO:0002376), localization (GO:0051179), signaling (GO:0023052), growth (GO:0040007), negative regulation of biological process (GO:0048519), positive regulation of biological process (GO:0048518), developmental process (GO:0032502), cellular process (GO:0009987), anatomical structure development (GO:0048856), negative regulation of signaling (GO:0023057), developmental process involved in reproduction (GO:0003006), multicellular organismal-level homeostasis (GO:0048871), anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis (GO:0048646), regulation of biological quality (GO:0065008), regulation of response to stimulus (GO:0048583), developmental maturation (GO:0021700), negative regulation of cellular process (GO:0048523), biosynthetic process (GO:0009058), establishment of localization (GO:0051234), macromolecule localization (GO:0033036), developmental growth (GO:0048589), leukocyte activation (GO:0045321), cell population proliferation (GO:0008283), nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0006807), negative regulation of multicellular organismal process (GO:0051241), cell death (GO:0008219), regulation of signaling (GO:0023051), negative regulation of developmental process (GO:0051093), signal transduction (GO:0007165), cell activation (GO:0001775), tissue remodeling (GO:0048771), immune system development (GO:0002520), developmental induction (GO:0031128), morphogenesis of a branching structure (GO:0001763), positive regulation of developmental process (GO:0051094), negative regulation of response to stimulus (GO:0048585), sexual reproduction (GO:0019953), cellular localization (GO:0051641), positive regulation of multicellular organismal process (GO:0051240), molting cycle (GO:0042303), pattern specification process (GO:0007389), cellular component organization or biogenesis (GO:0071840), regulation of multicellular organismal process (GO:0051239), negative regulation of metabolic process (GO:0009892), positive regulation of reproductive process (GO:2000243), cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism (GO:0022412), regulation of cellular process (GO:0050794), cellular response to stimulus (GO:0051716), cellular developmental process (GO:0048869), organ growth (GO:0035265), regulation of metabolic process (GO:0019222), positive regulation of response to stimulus (GO:0048584), molting cycle process (GO:0022404), ossification (GO:0001503), regulation of molecular function (GO:0065009), cell communication (GO:0007154), positive regulation of cellular process (GO:0048522), anatomical structure morphogenesis (GO:0009653), cell motility (GO:0048870), regulation of reproductive process (GO:2000241), multicellular organism reproduction (GO:0032504), cell-cell signaling (GO:0007267), regulation of developmental process (GO:0050793), negative regulation of immune system process (GO:0002683), response to endogenous stimulus (GO:0009719), organelle localization (GO:0051640), positive regulation of signaling (GO:0023056), multicellular organism development (GO:0007275), cell adhesion (GO:0007155), regulation of immune system process (GO:0002682), organic substance metabolic process (GO:0071704), cellular metabolic process (GO:0044237), positive regulation of metabolic process (GO:0009893), multicellular organismal reproductive process (GO:0048609), primary metabolic process (GO:0044238), neural precursor cell proliferation (GO:0061351), hypothalamus development (GO:0021854), tube formation (GO:0035148), regulation of response to stress (GO:0080134), stem cell proliferation (GO:0072089), animal organ development (GO:0048513), regulation of hemopoiesis (GO:1903706), negative regulation of vasculature development (GO:1901343), negative regulation of hemopoiesis (GO:1903707), synaptic signaling (GO:0099536), regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis (GO:0022603), negative regulation of cell cycle (GO:0045786), nephron development (GO:0072006), midbrain development (GO:0030901), positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0051173), positive regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045597), appendage development (GO:0048736), germ cell development (GO:0007281), organic substance biosynthetic process (GO:1901576), animal organ formation (GO:0048645), cell-cell signaling by wnt (GO:0198738), positive regulation of muscle tissue development (GO:1901863), regulation of cellular response to stress (GO:0080135), hindbrain development (GO:0030902), cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0044249), macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0043170), positive regulation of biosynthetic process (GO:0009891), muscle structure development (GO:0061061), regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0042127), regulation of cell death (GO:0010941), regionalization (GO:0003002), negative regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045596), transport (GO:0006810), regulation of cellular metabolic process (GO:0031323), positive regulation of cell communication (GO:0010647), hair cycle process (GO:0022405), regulation of primary metabolic process (GO:0080090), ectodermal placode development (GO:0071696), negative regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009968), negative regulation of cell death (GO:0060548), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), negative regulation of nervous system development (GO:0051961), system development (GO:0048731), myoblast proliferation (GO:0051450), ectodermal placode formation (GO:0060788), regulation of leukocyte activation (GO:0002694), regulation of binding (GO:0051098), heart growth (GO:0060419), tube development (GO:0035295), cell morphogenesis (GO:0000902), regulation of cell cycle (GO:0051726), animal organ morphogenesis (GO:0009887), cell maturation (GO:0048469), regulation of myelination (GO:0031641), apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:0097190), pallium development (GO:0021543), cell surface receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007166), sex differentiation (GO:0007548), regulation of cellular component organization (GO:0051128), cranial skeletal system development (GO:1904888), cell-substrate adhesion (GO:0031589), positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284), tube morphogenesis (GO:0035239), negative regulation of cell communication (GO:0010648), axis specification (GO:0009798), cell-cell adhesion (GO:0098609), hair follicle morphogenesis (GO:0031069), morphogenesis of a branching epithelium (GO:0061138), cardiac chamber development (GO:0003205), negative regulation of cellular metabolic process (GO:0031324), cell fate commitment (GO:0045165), cell fate determination (GO:0001709), embryonic morphogenesis (GO:0048598), lens development in camera-type eye (GO:0002088), tissue homeostasis (GO:0001894), hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development (GO:0048534), negative regulation of cartilage development (GO:0061037), hair cycle (GO:0042633), regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009966), foregut morphogenesis (GO:0007440), regulation of macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0060255), reproductive structure development (GO:0048608), cellular aromatic compound metabolic process (GO:0006725), vesicle localization (GO:0051648), positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0010718), regulation of cellular component biogenesis (GO:0044087), establishment of organelle localization (GO:0051656), negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0010605), regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure (GO:0060688), muscle cell proliferation (GO:0033002), embryo development (GO:0009790), regulation of cell cycle process (GO:0010564), regulation of cell activation (GO:0050865), nerve development (GO:0021675), regulation of catalytic activity (GO:0050790), negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0051172), cerebral cortex development (GO:0021987), positive regulation of molecular function (GO:0044093), positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0010604), blood vessel development (GO:0001568), telencephalon development (GO:0021537), heterocycle metabolic process (GO:0046483), establishment of localization in cell (GO:0051649), appendage morphogenesis (GO:0035107), cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0034641), angiogenesis (GO:0001525), formation of primary germ layer (GO:0001704), regulation of multicellular organismal development (GO:2000026), diencephalon development (GO:0021536), positive regulation of cellular metabolic process (GO:0031325), bone remodeling (GO:0046849), regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0051090), epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050673), cellular macromolecule localization (GO:0070727), negative regulation of biosynthetic process (GO:0009890), male sex differentiation (GO:0046661), regulation of muscle tissue development (GO:1901861), regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus (GO:0090287), mesenchymal cell proliferation (GO:0010463), tissue morphogenesis (GO:0048729), programmed cell death (GO:0012501), cell development (GO:0048468), cardiac muscle tissue growth (GO:0055017), response to growth factor (GO:0070848), cell fate specification (GO:0001708), cellular response to endogenous stimulus (GO:0071495), regulation of synapse structure or activity (GO:0050803), lymphocyte activation (GO:0046649), anatomical structure maturation (GO:0071695), organic cyclic compound metabolic process (GO:1901360), genitalia morphogenesis (GO:0035112), lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye (GO:0002089), forebrain development (GO:0030900), regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0051171), hair follicle development (GO:0001942), nephron morphogenesis (GO:0072028), regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045595), cellular component organization (GO:0016043), oocyte differentiation (GO:0009994), positive regulation of nervous system development (GO:0051962), cell migration (GO:0016477), positive regulation of animal organ morphogenesis (GO:0110110), positive regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009967), gamete generation (GO:0007276), intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556), osteoblast differentiation (GO:0001649), cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling (GO:1905114), positive regulation of cellular component organization (GO:0051130), embryonic pattern specification (GO:0009880), anatomical structure homeostasis (GO:0060249), tissue development (GO:0009888), nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0006139), head development (GO:0060322), regulation of cell communication (GO:0010646), regulation of biosynthetic process (GO:0009889), cardiac chamber morphogenesis (GO:0003206), ectodermal placode morphogenesis (GO:0071697), positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium (GO:1905332), endoderm development (GO:0007492), nephron epithelium development (GO:0072009), skeletal system morphogenesis (GO:0048705), regulation of synapse organization (GO:0050807), regulation of protein metabolic process (GO:0051246), cranial nerve development (GO:0021545), positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation (GO:0002053), regulation of epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050678), anterior/posterior axis specification (GO:0009948), cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0007160), synaptic vesicle cycle (GO:0099504), regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death (GO:1903201), muscle cell differentiation (GO:0042692), neuron migration (GO:0001764), skeletal system development (GO:0001501), embryonic heart tube development (GO:0035050), cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development (GO:0061311), oocyte development (GO:0048599), circulatory system development (GO:0072359), regulation of response to oxidative stress (GO:1902882), forebrain cell migration (GO:0021885), cerebral cortex cell migration (GO:0021795), regulation of osteoblast differentiation (GO:0045667), regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis (GO:2000136), trachea development (GO:0060438), regulation of vasculature development (GO:1901342), positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030858), response to fibroblast growth factor (GO:0071774), lung cell differentiation (GO:0060479), limb morphogenesis (GO:0035108), cell fate commitment involved in formation of primary germ layer (GO:0060795), epithelial tube formation (GO:0072175), positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0010557), chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0002062), positive regulation of histone methylation (GO:0031062), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), regulation of DNA binding (GO:0051101), I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling (GO:0007249), regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0019219), dorsal/ventral axis specification (GO:0009950), epithelium development (GO:0060429), positive regulation of organelle organization (GO:0010638), positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0031328), cellular response to growth factor stimulus (GO:0071363), regulation of animal organ formation (GO:0003156), regulation of epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030856), respiratory system development (GO:0060541), regulation of mitotic cell cycle (GO:0007346), regulation of programmed cell death (GO:0043067), nephron epithelium morphogenesis (GO:0072088), gland development (GO:0048732), gastrulation (GO:0007369), cardiac ventricle development (GO:0003231), bone resorption (GO:0045453), morphogenesis of an epithelium (GO:0002009), positive regulation of neurogenesis (GO:0050769), skin development (GO:0043588), morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium (GO:0016331), coronary vasculature development (GO:0060976), branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube (GO:0048754), cardiac ventricle morphogenesis (GO:0003208), regulation of myeloid cell differentiation (GO:0045637), embryonic organ development (GO:0048568), cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation (GO:0000904), renal tubule development (GO:0061326), regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development (GO:0048641), limbic system development (GO:0021761), negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation (GO:0045638), nucleic acid metabolic process (GO:0090304), proximal/distal pattern formation (GO:0009954), branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis (GO:0001569), regulation of chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0032330), negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0031327), negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0030178), regulation of animal organ morphogenesis (GO:2000027), negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0045934), gene expression (GO:0010467), positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0051091), renal system development (GO:0072001), glial cell fate commitment (GO:0021781), cardiac muscle cell proliferation (GO:0060038), neuroblast proliferation (GO:0007405), reproductive system development (GO:0061458), endoderm formation (GO:0001706), positive regulation of DNA metabolic process (GO:0051054), embryonic organ morphogenesis (GO:0048562), synaptic vesicle localization (GO:0097479), regulation of cell junction assembly (GO:1901888), positive regulation of cell development (GO:0010720), urogenital system development (GO:0001655), positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628), muscle organ morphogenesis (GO:0048644), regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation (GO:0010464), negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death (GO:1903202), regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001233), endodermal cell differentiation (GO:0035987), regulation of histone methylation (GO:0031060), positive regulation of binding (GO:0051099), positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0045935), respiratory tube development (GO:0030323), prostate gland development (GO:0030850), glial cell migration (GO:0008347), trans-synaptic signaling (GO:0099537), negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0010558), cardiocyte differentiation (GO:0035051), regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0010717), digestive tract development (GO:0048565), neuron differentiation (GO:0030182), cartilage development (GO:0051216), ganglion development (GO:0061548), epithelial tube morphogenesis (GO:0060562), embryonic digit morphogenesis (GO:0042733), regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0010556), sensory system development (GO:0048880), vasculature development (GO:0001944), connective tissue development (GO:0061448), glial cell differentiation (GO:0010001), telencephalon cell migration (GO:0022029), oviduct development (GO:0060066), establishment of vesicle localization (GO:0051650), kidney morphogenesis (GO:0060993), thymus development (GO:0048538), regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468), regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation (GO:2000177), regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress (GO:1900407), striated muscle cell proliferation (GO:0014855), regulation of embryonic development (GO:0045995), negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle (GO:0045930), synaptic vesicle transport (GO:0048489), positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction (GO:1902533), dorsal/ventral pattern formation (GO:0009953), mesonephric tubule development (GO:0072164), positive regulation of catalytic activity (GO:0043085), negative regulation of gene expression (GO:0010629), negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis (GO:2000181), heart development (GO:0007507), artery development (GO:0060840), autonomic nervous system development (GO:0048483), sympathetic nervous system development (GO:0048485), negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation (GO:1902106), leukocyte differentiation (GO:0002521), enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway (GO:0007167), neuron fate commitment (GO:0048663), regulation of DNA metabolic process (GO:0051052), aromatic compound biosynthetic process (GO:0019438), regulation of cell development (GO:0060284), sensory organ development (GO:0007423), positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation (GO:2000179), genitalia development (GO:0048806), oogenesis (GO:0048477), regulation of neuron death (GO:1901214), negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001234), regulation of Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0030111), regulation of glial cell differentiation (GO:0045685), myeloid cell differentiation (GO:0030099), positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050679), regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0040036), neurogenesis (GO:0022008), positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0045743), positive regulation of RNA metabolic process (GO:0051254), regulation of cartilage development (GO:0061035), trachea morphogenesis (GO:0060439), muscle tissue development (GO:0060537), regulation of cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0031326), regulation of stem cell proliferation (GO:0072091), embryonic axis specification (GO:0000578), regulation of organelle organization (GO:0033043), cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process (GO:0044271), positive regulation of stem cell proliferation (GO:2000648), embryonic appendage morphogenesis (GO:0035113), regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0045765), pancreas development (GO:0031016), protein localization (GO:0008104), regulation of transferase activity (GO:0051338), muscle organ development (GO:0007517), positive regulation of myoblast proliferation (GO:2000288), negative regulation of cell development (GO:0010721), cell junction organization (GO:0034330), embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching (GO:0009792), negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0032331), macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0009059), lung morphogenesis (GO:0060425), organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process (GO:1901362), digestive system development (GO:0055123), negative regulation of programmed cell death (GO:0043069), Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0016055), MAPK cascade (GO:0000165), odontogenesis (GO:0042476), sensory organ morphogenesis (GO:0090596), neuron fate determination (GO:0048664), positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation (GO:0045669), regulation of leukocyte proliferation (GO:0070663), lymphocyte differentiation (GO:0030098), brain development (GO:0007420), regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium (GO:1905330), negative regulation of neurogenesis (GO:0050768), positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development (GO:0048643), nervous system development (GO:0007399), heart morphogenesis (GO:0003007), female gamete generation (GO:0007292), epidermis development (GO:0008544), heterocycle biosynthetic process (GO:0018130), vasculogenesis (GO:0001570), regulation of sister chromatid cohesion (GO:0007063), regulation of leukocyte differentiation (GO:1902105), central nervous system development (GO:0007417), ectoderm development (GO:0007398), regulation of RNA metabolic process (GO:0051252), regulation of lymphocyte activation (GO:0051249), negative regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0016525), hemopoiesis (GO:0030097), regulation of myoblast proliferation (GO:2000291), negative regulation of neuron death (GO:1901215), muscle tissue morphogenesis (GO:0060415), male genitalia development (GO:0030539), regulation of nervous system development (GO:0051960), mesenchyme development (GO:0060485), digestive tract morphogenesis (GO:0048546), epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030855), nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process (GO:0034654), lung development (GO:0030324), stem cell differentiation (GO:0048863), mesenchyme morphogenesis (GO:0072132), blood vessel morphogenesis (GO:0048514), negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030857), positive regulation of protein metabolic process (GO:0051247), T cell activation (GO:0042110), limb development (GO:0060173), vesicle-mediated transport (GO:0016192), negative regulation of RNA metabolic process (GO:0051253), kidney development (GO:0001822), regulation of intracellular signal transduction (GO:1902531), anterior/posterior pattern specification (GO:0009952), regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0042981), regulation of lymphocyte proliferation (GO:0050670), negative regulation of gliogenesis (GO:0014014), striated muscle tissue development (GO:0014706), mesonephros development (GO:0001823), regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation (GO:0032944), regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic (GO:0009794), renal tubule morphogenesis (GO:0061333), regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation (GO:0051569), branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis (GO:0001658), regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation (GO:0048713), positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process (GO:1902680), tongue development (GO:0043586), artery morphogenesis (GO:0048844), negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation (GO:0002762), regulation of MAPK cascade (GO:0043408), positive regulation of transferase activity (GO:0051347), cardiac muscle tissue development (GO:0048738), kidney epithelium development (GO:0072073), positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation (GO:0051571), cranial ganglion development (GO:0061550), columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0002065), gliogenesis (GO:0042063), neural plate development (GO:0001840), telencephalon glial cell migration (GO:0022030)

Cellular Component: cellular_component (GO:0005575), cellular anatomical entity (GO:0110165), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991), basal part of cell (GO:0045178), chromatin (GO:0000785), Z disc (GO:0030018), cell junction (GO:0030054), intracellular protein-containing complex (GO:0140535), postsynapse (GO:0098794), sarcomere (GO:0030017), extrinsic component of membrane (GO:0019898), I band (GO:0031674), transcription regulator complex (GO:0005667), membrane-enclosed lumen (GO:0031974), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), supramolecular complex (GO:0099080), microtubule organizing center (GO:0005815), intracellular anatomical structure (GO:0005622), organelle (GO:0043226), cell projection (GO:0042995), lateral plasma membrane (GO:0016328), membrane (GO:0016020), cytosol (GO:0005829), presynapse (GO:0098793), cell periphery (GO:0071944), membrane protein complex (GO:0098796), cell leading edge (GO:0031252), apical part of cell (GO:0045177), Wnt signalosome (GO:1990909), presynaptic active zone (GO:0048786), catalytic complex (GO:1902494), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), nuclear protein-containing complex (GO:0140513), RNA polymerase II transcription repressor complex (GO:0090571), plasma membrane bounded cell projection (GO:0120025), intracellular organelle (GO:0043229), synapse (GO:0045202), cytoplasmic region (GO:0099568), plasma membrane protein complex (GO:0098797), anchoring junction (GO:0070161), membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043227), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), postsynaptic specialization (GO:0099572), supramolecular polymer (GO:0099081), contractile fiber (GO:0043292), extrinsic component of plasma membrane (GO:0019897), euchromatin (GO:0000791), transcription repressor complex (GO:0017053), cell cortex (GO:0005938), lamellipodium (GO:0030027), RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex (GO:0090575), non-membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043228), centrosome (GO:0005813), postsynaptic membrane (GO:0045211), presynaptic membrane (GO:0042734), basal plasma membrane (GO:0009925), plasma membrane region (GO:0098590), organelle lumen (GO:0043233), membrane microdomain (GO:0098857), presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component (GO:0098831), beta-catenin destruction complex (GO:0030877), apicolateral plasma membrane (GO:0016327), membrane raft (GO:0045121), Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse (GO:0098685), cell projection membrane (GO:0031253), catenin complex (GO:0016342), intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043232), postsynaptic density (GO:0014069), glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978), beta-catenin-TCF complex (GO:1990907), neuron to neuron synapse (GO:0098984), supramolecular fiber (GO:0099512), myofibril (GO:0030016), plasma membrane raft (GO:0044853), intracellular organelle lumen (GO:0070013), actin-based cell projection (GO:0098858), synaptic membrane (GO:0097060), intracellular membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043231), postsynaptic specialization, intracellular component (GO:0099091), basolateral plasma membrane (GO:0016323), cell-cell junction (GO:0005911), cell cortex region (GO:0099738), apical junction complex (GO:0043296), asymmetric synapse (GO:0032279), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), cell-cell contact zone (GO:0044291), chromosome (GO:0005694), microvillus (GO:0005902), caveola (GO:0005901), postsynaptic density, intracellular component (GO:0099092), nucleus (GO:0005634), nuclear lumen (GO:0031981), tight junction (GO:0070160), adherens junction (GO:0005912), microvillus membrane (GO:0031528), bicellular tight junction (GO:0005923), microtubule cytoskeleton (GO:0015630), intercalated disc (GO:0014704)

Generated by BioReason

Deep Research Bioreason Rl

(Ctnnb1-deep-research-bioreason-rl.md)

BioReason Chat Export

Exported on March 22, 2026 at 01:25 AM

Organism: Mus musculus

Sequence:

MATQADLMELDMAMEPDRKAAVSHWQQQSYLDSGIHSGATTTAPSLSGKGNPEEEDVDTSQVLYEWEQGFSQSFTQEQVADIDGQYAMTRAQRVRAAMFPETLDEGMQIPSTQFDAAHPTNVQRLAEPSQMLKHAVVNLINYQDDAELATRAIPELTKLLNDEDQVVVNKAAVMVHQLSKKEASRHAIMRSPQMVSAIVRTMQNTNDVETARCTAGTLHNLSHHREGLLAIFKSGGIPALVKMLGSPVDSVLFYAITTLHNLLLHQEGAKMAVRLAGGLQKMVALLNKTNVKFLAITTDCLQILAYGNQESKLIILASGGPQALVNIMRTYTYEKLLWTTSRVLKVLSVCSSNKPAIVEAGGMQALGLHLTDPSQRLVQNCLWTLRNLSDAATKQEGMEGLLGTLVQLLGSDDINVVTCAAGILSNLTCNNYKNKMMVCQVGGIEALVRTVLRAGDREDITEPAICALRHLTSRHQEAEMAQNAVRLHYGLPVVVKLLHPPSHWPLIKATVGLIRNLALCPANHAPLREQGAIPRLVQLLVRAHQDTQRRTSMGGTQQQFVEGVRMEEIVEGCTGALHILARDVHNRIVIRGLNTIPLFVQLLYSPIENIQRVAAGVLCELAQDKEAAEAIEAEGATAPLTELLHSRNEGVATYAAAVLFRMSEDKPQDYKKRLSVELTSSLFRTEPMAWNETADLGLDIGAQGEALGYRQDDPSYRSFHSGGYGQDALGMDPMMEHEMGGHHPGADYPVDGLPDLGHAQDLMDGLPPGDSNQLAWFDTDL

Thinking Trace

Functional Summary

UniProt Summary

Not yet known.

InterPro Domains

Beta-catenin (IPR013284, family) — residues 3-781
Armadillo-like helical (IPR011989, homologous_superfamily) — residues 123-666
Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024, homologous_superfamily) — residues 135-664
Armadillo (IPR000225, repeat) — residues 141-664

GO Terms

Generated by BioReason

Deep Research Falcon

(Ctnnb1-deep-research-falcon.md)

provider: falcon
model: Edison Scientific Literature
cached: false
start_time: '2026-05-03T16:57:43.261250'
end_time: '2026-05-03T17:13:45.301144'
duration_seconds: 962.04
template_file: templates/gene_research_go_focused.md
template_variables:
organism: mouse
gene_id: Ctnnb1
gene_symbol: Ctnnb1
uniprot_accession: Q02248
protein_description: 'RecName: Full=Catenin beta-1 {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:88276};
AltName: Full=Beta-catenin {ECO:0000303|PubMed:1509266};'
gene_info: Name=Ctnnb1 {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:88276}; Synonyms=Catnb {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:88276};
organism_full: Mus musculus (Mouse).
protein_family: Belongs to the beta-catenin family. .
protein_domains: ARM-like. (IPR011989); ARM-type_fold. (IPR016024); Armadillo. (IPR000225);
Beta-catenin. (IPR013284); Arm (PF00514)
provider_config:
timeout: 600
max_retries: 3
parameters:
allowed_domains: []
temperature: 0.1
citation_count: 25

Question

Gene Research for Functional Annotation

⚠️ CRITICAL: Gene/Protein Identification Context

BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.

Target Gene/Protein Identity (from UniProt):

UniProt Accession: Q02248
Protein Description: RecName: Full=Catenin beta-1 {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:88276}; AltName: Full=Beta-catenin {ECO:0000303|PubMed:1509266};
Gene Information: Name=Ctnnb1 {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:88276}; Synonyms=Catnb {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:88276};
Organism (full): Mus musculus (Mouse).
Protein Family: Belongs to the beta-catenin family. .
Key Domains: ARM-like. (IPR011989); ARM-type_fold. (IPR016024); Armadillo. (IPR000225); Beta-catenin. (IPR013284); Arm (PF00514)

MANDATORY VERIFICATION STEPS:

Check if the gene symbol "Ctnnb1" matches the protein description above
Verify the organism is correct: Mus musculus (Mouse).
Check if protein family/domains align with what you find in literature
If you find literature for a DIFFERENT gene with the same or similar symbol, STOP

If Gene Symbol is Ambiguous or You Cannot Find Relevant Literature:

DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'Ctnnb1' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information

Research Target:

Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene Ctnnb1 (gene ID: Ctnnb1, UniProt: Q02248) in mouse.

The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.

You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.

We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.

We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.

We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.

Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.

Output

Question: You are an expert researcher providing comprehensive, well-cited information.

Provide detailed information focusing on:
1. Key concepts and definitions with current understanding
2. Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023-2024 sources)
3. Current applications and real-world implementations
4. Expert opinions and analysis from authoritative sources
5. Relevant statistics and data from recent studies

Format as a comprehensive research report with proper citations. Include URLs and publication dates where available.
Always prioritize recent, authoritative sources and provide specific citations for all major claims.

Gene Research for Functional Annotation

⚠️ CRITICAL: Gene/Protein Identification Context

BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.

Target Gene/Protein Identity (from UniProt):

UniProt Accession: Q02248
Protein Description: RecName: Full=Catenin beta-1 {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:88276}; AltName: Full=Beta-catenin {ECO:0000303|PubMed:1509266};
Gene Information: Name=Ctnnb1 {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:88276}; Synonyms=Catnb {ECO:0000312|MGI:MGI:88276};
Organism (full): Mus musculus (Mouse).
Protein Family: Belongs to the beta-catenin family. .
Key Domains: ARM-like. (IPR011989); ARM-type_fold. (IPR016024); Armadillo. (IPR000225); Beta-catenin. (IPR013284); Arm (PF00514)

MANDATORY VERIFICATION STEPS:

Check if the gene symbol "Ctnnb1" matches the protein description above
Verify the organism is correct: Mus musculus (Mouse).
Check if protein family/domains align with what you find in literature
If you find literature for a DIFFERENT gene with the same or similar symbol, STOP

If Gene Symbol is Ambiguous or You Cannot Find Relevant Literature:

Research Target:

Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene Ctnnb1 (gene ID: Ctnnb1, UniProt: Q02248) in mouse.

The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.

We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.

We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.

Research Report: Functional Annotation of mouse Ctnnb1 (β-catenin) (UniProt: Q02248)

1) Gene/protein identity verification (mandatory)

The UniProt accession Q02248 corresponds to Mus musculus Ctnnb1, encoding β-catenin, an armadillo-repeat protein with dual roles in cell–cell adhesion and canonical Wnt signaling (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2, zhuang2023ctnnb1inneurodevelopmental pages 1-2). Recent reviews and primary studies describe β-catenin as a ~781-aa, ~88 kDa protein with an armadillo-repeat core and flexible terminal regions, consistent with UniProt’s “belongs to β-catenin family” and ARM-like/Armadillo domain annotations (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 1-2, dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4).

2) Key concepts and definitions (current understanding)

2.1 β-catenin as a “moonlighting” adhesion and signaling protein

β-catenin is widely characterized as a multifunctional (“moonlighting”) protein that:
- Supports adherens junction (AJ) integrity by binding the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin (cadherin–catenin complex) and linking to α-catenin/actin-associated structures (dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4, dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 1-2).
- Acts as the central transcriptional effector of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, accumulating and entering the nucleus when stabilized to co-activate TCF/LEF-dependent transcription (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4, jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2).

2.2 Domain architecture and interaction logic

A recent 2023 synthesis breaks β-catenin into three principal regions:
- N-terminal regulatory domain (~aa 1–150), a major regulatory “hotspot” controlling stability (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4).
- Central armadillo repeat domain (~aa 141–664) with 12 ARM repeats, forming a binding groove for many partners (cadherins, APC, TCF/LEF, etc.) (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 1-2, dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4).
- C-terminal domain (~aa 665–781) that contributes transactivation/co-activator function and is structurally flexible/disordered (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4, dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4).

A key functional implication is that overlapping binding surfaces in the ARM-repeat groove can enforce mutual exclusivity among interaction partners (e.g., cadherin binding at junctions versus transcriptional partners), providing a structural basis for switching between adhesion-associated and signaling-associated states (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 1-2).

2.3 Canonical Wnt pathway: the destruction complex and β-catenin turnover

In the “Wnt-off” state, cytoplasmic β-catenin is targeted for degradation by a destruction complex assembled from APC, AXIN, CK1α, and GSK3 kinases (dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4, zhuang2023ctnnb1inneurodevelopmental pages 1-2). Sequential phosphorylation is a central mechanistic definition of β-catenin regulation:
- CK1α phosphorylates Ser45 (S45),
- followed by GSK3β phosphorylation at Thr41 (T41), Ser37 (S37), and Ser33 (S33),
- enabling recognition by β-TrCP (E3 ligase adaptor), ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4, dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4).
Upon Wnt activation, this turnover is restrained, allowing β-catenin stabilization and nuclear transcriptional co-activation (zhuang2023ctnnb1inneurodevelopmental pages 1-2).

2.4 Subcellular localization

β-catenin is found at adherens junctions, in the cytoplasm, and in the nucleus, with the balance controlled by junctional binding and destruction-complex-mediated turnover (dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4, jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2). In mouse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), β-catenin is described as primarily AJ-localized but can dissociate and accumulate in the nucleus in remodeling contexts (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2).

3) Recent developments and latest research (prioritizing 2023–2024)

3.1 2024: Discovery of an intestine-specific Ctnnb1 enhancer that controls Wnt dosage and tumorigenesis

Hua et al. (eLife, Sep 2024) identified a cis-regulatory element upstream of mouse Ctnnb1, termed ieCtnnb1 (intestinal enhancer of Ctnnb1), with activity concentrated at the base of small intestinal crypts and across the large-intestine epithelium (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 1-2, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 3-6). Key mechanistic and quantitative findings include:
- Ctnnb1Δi.enh mice showed reduced crypt Ctnnb1 mRNA (−26.5% small intestine; −22.3% large intestine) and reduced β-catenin protein in crypts (nuclear −49.5%, cytosolic −29.8%) (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8).
- Single-cell and marker analyses indicated altered epithelial composition, including a 49.2% decrease in Paneth cell proportion, alongside reduced expression of Paneth/secretory programs and reduced proliferation (Ki67+ −16.1%, EdU+ −21.9%) (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8).
- In an ApcMin/+ intestinal tumor context, ieCtnnb1 enhancer deletion strongly suppressed Wnt-driven tumorigenesis and extended median survival from 165 to 255 days (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 8-9).
This work reframes Ctnnb1 regulation as not only post-translational (destruction complex) but also enhancer-controlled transcriptional dosage, with direct consequences for homeostasis and cancer risk (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 1-2, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8).

URL/DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238 (Sep 2024) (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 1-2)

3.2 2024: Immune-cell-specific β-catenin activation rewires ILC3 chromatin and promotes intestinal inflammation

Hao et al. (Nature Communications, Apr 2024) report β-catenin increases in intestinal ILC3s from IBD/CRC patients and show that activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mouse ILC3s suppresses RORγt and impairs ILC3 proliferation and cytokine function, leading to ILC3 deficiency and intestinal inflammation (hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 1-2).

Mechanistically, β-catenin acts via its transcriptional partner TCF-1, but the pathway does not simply repress RORγt directly; instead, it involves chromatin-level remodeling and suppression of JunB, which is essential for RORγt expression—summarized as a TCF-1/JunB/RORγt axis (hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 1-2, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 7-8).

In vivo genetic activation used Ctnnb1 exon 3 stabilization alleles such as RorccreCtnnb1ex3fl/wt and inducible CreERT2Ctnnb1ex3fl/wt systems (hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 5-7, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 11-12). In inducible settings, the authors report that nearly half of ILC3s became β-catenin+ by day 6 (hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 4-5).

URL/DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1 (Apr 2024) (hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 1-2)

3.3 2024: Junctional mechanotransduction context—β-catenin dependence via α-catenin binding

Although force-sensing at adherens junctions is often attributed to α-catenin/vinculin mechanics, 2024 work reinforces that β-catenin binding is structurally prerequisite for α-catenin’s integration into the cadherin–catenin complex. Quinn et al. (MBoC, May 2024) report that an α-catenin form lacking the β-catenin-binding domain fails to associate with the cadherin–catenin complex and cannot directly participate in the cadherin–catenin catch-bond mechanism (quinn2024αcateninmiddleand pages 2-4). This positions β-catenin as a required adaptor for the mechanotransduction-competent junctional assembly.

URL/DOI: https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0036 (May 2024) (quinn2024αcateninmiddleand pages 2-4)

3.4 2024: Direct chemical tractability—covalent degraders of β-catenin

Gowans et al. (JACS, Jun 2024) demonstrate a chemoproteomic strategy for directly targeting β-catenin (CTNNB1) using a cysteine-reactive monovalent covalent ligand EN83 that induces β-catenin depletion via a ubiquitin–proteasome-dependent mechanism (gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 1-4). They mapped covalent modification to armadillo-domain cysteines C439, C466, C520, and C619 by MS/MS, with functional dependence on C466/C520/C619 for degradation phenotypes (gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 4-7). Chemoproteomic selectivity analysis quantified 8,251 cysteines, with EN83 engaging C619 on CTNNB1 and 139 other targets >50%, while not engaging core Wnt components such as AXIN1, BTRC, or GSK3A/B in that profiling (gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 4-7).

URL/DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c05174 (Jun 2024) (gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 1-4)

4) Current applications and real-world implementations

4.1 Functional genetics in mice: conditional loss/activation of Ctnnb1

Current experimental practice heavily relies on tissue-specific genetic perturbations:
- Enhancer deletion (CRISPR/Cas9) to modulate Ctnnb1 transcriptional dosage in a tissue-restricted manner (intestinal ieCtnnb1) (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 3-6, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8).
- Cre/lox tissue-specific activation via exon-3-stabilized alleles (e.g., RorccreCtnnb1ex3fl/wt, CreERT2Ctnnb1ex3fl/wt) to model persistent pathway activation in specific immune lineages and assess inflammation/host defense phenotypes (hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 5-7, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 4-5).
- Cre/lox tissue-specific knockout in metabolic studies, including Ucp1-Cre;Ctnnb1flox/flox for adipose thermogenic biology (chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 2-5, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 18-20).

4.2 Transcriptional readouts and pathway activity monitoring

Across 2023–2024 studies, pathway output is commonly operationalized by:
- β-catenin protein localization (nuclear/cytosolic) and immunostaining,
- and transcriptional readouts including Wnt targets such as Axin2 and Lgr5 (intestinal crypt/stem cell context), together with other Wnt-responsive genes (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 3-6, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8).

4.3 Translational/biomedical implementation: targeting Wnt/β-catenin in cancer and immune contexts

Recent cancer-focused reviews emphasize that β-catenin’s nuclear accumulation drives oncogenic transcription (e.g., MYC, cyclin D1) and that its stability/localization are key therapeutic nodes (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4). The EN83 work provides a proof-of-concept that β-catenin can be destabilized by direct covalent targeting of ligandable cysteines, suggesting a potential route to overcome challenges of targeting a DNA-binding-deficient transcriptional co-activator (gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 1-4, gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 4-7).

5) Relevant statistics and data highlights (from recent studies)

Key quantitative datapoints useful for functional annotation include:
- Transcriptional dosage control (intestinal enhancer): Ctnnb1 mRNA decreased by 26.5% (SI crypts) and 22.3% (LI crypts); β-catenin protein decreased by 49.5% (nuclear) and 29.8% (cytosolic) (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8).
- Cell-type composition and proliferation (intestinal crypts): Paneth cell proportion decreased 49.2%; Ki67+ cells decreased 16.1%; EdU+ cells decreased 21.9% (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8).
- Tumorigenesis outcome: ApcMin/+ median survival increased from 165 to 255 days with ieCtnnb1 enhancer deletion (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 8-9).
- Adipose transcriptomics: Following CL-316,243 stimulation, eWAT showed 290 upregulated and 1607 downregulated genes (criterion: p<0.05, FC>1.5) in Ucp1-Cre Ctnnb1 knockout vs control (chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 5-8).
- Chemoproteomic targeting selectivity: EN83 profiling quantified 8,251 cysteines; 139 targets engaged >50%, with CTNNB1 C619 engagement and mapped covalent modifications to C439/C466/C520/C619 (gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 4-7).

Expert synthesis (authoritative interpretation grounded in sources)

Ctnnb1/β-catenin is best annotated as a non-enzymatic adaptor and transcriptional co-activator whose primary molecular functions arise from protein–protein interactions rather than catalytic activity. Contemporary evidence supports a “two-pool” model: a junctional pool integrated into cadherin-mediated adhesion and a signaling pool whose abundance is governed by destruction-complex phosphorylation and, as shown recently in vivo, by tissue-specific transcriptional dosage control via enhancers (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8). Recent mouse genetics further illustrate that β-catenin’s transcriptional activity can dominate developmental specification (RPE) (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2), while immune and metabolic systems show context-dependent β-catenin programs that reshape chromatin and lineage function (ILC3 inflammation axis) (hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 1-2) or restrain thermogenic adipocyte differentiation (Ucp1-Cre knockout) (chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 2-5).

Summary tables

The following embedded tables provide a compact evidence map for functional annotation and recent applications.

Aspect	Summary for mouse Ctnnb1 / β-catenin	Representative mouse evidence	Key 2023–2024 sources
Target identity	Ctnnb1 in Mus musculus encodes β-catenin, an armadillo-repeat protein with dual adhesive and signaling roles; recent sources describe the protein as ~781 aa with a central ARM-repeat core, matching the UniProt Q02248 annotation and beta-catenin family assignment. (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 1-2, jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2, zhuang2023ctnnb1inneurodevelopmental pages 1-2)	Mouse RPE study explicitly refers to Ctnnb1 (β-catenin) and tests separation-of-function alleles in vivo. (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2)	Dev et al., 2023, Bioengineered, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696 (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 1-2); Kim et al., 2023, Molecules and Cells, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2023.0029 (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2); Dantzer et al., 2024, Br J Cancer, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02849-7 (dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4)
Domain architecture	N-terminal regulatory region (~aa 1–150) contains the major phospho-degron; central ARM-repeat core (~aa 141–664) has 12 armadillo repeats forming the interaction platform for cadherins, APC, TCF/LEF and other partners; C-terminal region (~aa 665–781) functions as a transcriptional activation/transactivation region and is structurally flexible/disordered. (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4, dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4, dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 1-2)	Mouse studies interpreting functionally distinct Ctnnb1 alleles rely on the separable transcriptional versus junctional activities encoded by these domains. (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2)	Dev et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696 (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4, dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 1-2); Dantzer et al., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02849-7 (dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4)
Key cellular localizations	β-catenin localizes to adherens junctions at the plasma membrane, a cytoplasmic pool subject to destruction-complex control, and the nucleus where stabilized β-catenin acts as a transcriptional co-activator. Mouse RPE work notes predominant AJ localization with nuclear accumulation possible during epithelial remodeling/EMT-like contexts. (dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4, jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2, zhuang2023ctnnb1inneurodevelopmental pages 1-2)	In intestinal crypts, enhancer deletion lowered nuclear β-catenin by 49.5% and cytosolic β-catenin by 29.8%, providing direct localization-sensitive in vivo evidence in mouse tissue. (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8)	Kim et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2023.0029 (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2); Hua et al., 2024, eLife, https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238 (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8); Dantzer et al., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02849-7 (dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4)
Core molecular function: adhesion	At adherens junctions, β-catenin binds the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin and connects the cadherin complex to α-catenin and the actin cytoskeleton, supporting Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion and epithelial integrity. Junctional release can contribute to the signaling-competent cytoplasmic pool. (dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4, dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 1-2, dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4)	In mouse RPE, a junction-affinity–reduced mutant (Ctnnb1Y654E) could still substitute in specification assays, whereas a transcription-impaired mutant could not, helping distinguish adhesive from transcriptional requirements in vivo. (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2)	Dev et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696 (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4, dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 1-2); Kim et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2023.0029 (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2); Dantzer et al., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02849-7 (dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4)
Core molecular function: transcription	In canonical Wnt signaling, stabilized β-catenin enters the nucleus, associates with TCF/LEF transcription factors, displaces Groucho/corepressors, and recruits co-activators such as BCL9, CBP, Pygopus, BRG1 to activate Wnt targets including MYC/c-Myc, CCND1/cyclin D1, LGR5, AXIN2. β-catenin itself does not bind DNA directly. (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4, farhat2024thebcatenininteractome pages 18-23, farhat2024thebcatenininteractome pages 6-12)	Mouse RPE specification required transcriptionally competent Ctnnb1; constitutively active Ctnnb1Δex3 altered fate specification. In intestinal crypts, ieCtnnb1 enhancer loss reduced Wnt targets such as Axin2, Lgr5, Mmp7. (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 3-6, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8)	Dev et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696 (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4); Kim et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2023.0029 (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2); Hua et al., 2024, https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238 (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 3-6, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8)
Core regulatory mechanism	In the Wnt-off state, β-catenin is targeted by the destruction complex (APC, AXIN, CK1α, GSK3α/β) for sequential N-terminal phosphorylation: S45 by CK1α, then T41, S37, S33 by GSK3β; phosphorylated β-catenin is recognized by β-TrCP for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Wnt activation suppresses this turnover, allowing accumulation and nuclear signaling. (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4, dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4, zhuang2023ctnnb1inneurodevelopmental pages 1-2)	Mouse experimental systems use pathway-activating alleles that remove exon 3 or otherwise stabilize β-catenin, and tissue-specific enhancer perturbation that lowers Ctnnb1 dosage and Wnt output in vivo. (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 1-2, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 11-12)	Dev et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696 (dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4); Dantzer et al., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02849-7 (dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4); Zhuang et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1143328 (zhuang2023ctnnb1inneurodevelopmental pages 1-2)
Representative mouse model: intestinal enhancer dosage control	A newly defined ieCtnnb1 enhancer, active at the base of small-intestinal crypts and across large-intestinal epithelium, fine-tunes Ctnnb1 transcription and Wnt dosage. Homozygous enhancer knockout reduced crypt Ctnnb1 mRNA by 26.5% in small intestine and 22.3% in large intestine, reduced β-catenin protein, downregulated Wnt targets, decreased Paneth-cell proportion by 49.2%, and lowered Ki67+ and EdU+ proliferative cells by 16.1% and 21.9%, respectively. (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 1-2, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 3-6, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 2-3)	In ApcMin/+ mice, enhancer loss markedly suppressed Wnt-driven tumorigenesis and prolonged median survival from 165 to 255 days. (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 8-9)	Hua et al., 2024, https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238 (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 8-9, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 1-2, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 3-6, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 2-3)
Representative mouse model: RPE separation of function	In mouse retinal pigment epithelium, Ctnnb1’s transcriptional activity was required for RPE specification, whereas reduced junctional affinity alone was tolerated. This supports a context where the pathway role dominates over the adhesive role during lineage specification. (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2)	Ctnnb1dm (transcription-impaired) failed to replace endogenous Ctnnb1 in RPE, Ctnnb1Y654E (reduced junction affinity) could substitute, and constitutively active Ctnnb1Δex3 redirected cell fate. (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2)	Kim et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2023.0029 (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2)
Representative mouse model: immune-cell-specific activation	In ILC3 lineage cells, activated Ctnnb1 suppresses the TCF-1/JunB/RORγt axis, impairing ILC3 proliferation/function and aggravating intestinal inflammation, illustrating a highly context-dependent transcriptional program downstream of β-catenin. (hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 1-2, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 7-8, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 5-7, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 11-12)	RorccreCtnnb1ex3fl/wt and CreERT2Ctnnb1ex3fl/wt models caused reduced ILC3 numbers, decreased IL-22/IL-17A-related function, and worsened DSS colitis; in inducible cultures, nearly half of ILC3s became β-catenin+ by day 6. (hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 1-2, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 4-5)	Hao et al., 2024, Nature Communications, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1 (hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 1-2, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 5-7, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 11-12, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 4-5)
Representative mouse model: adipocyte-specific loss	In Ucp1-Cre;Ctnnb1flox/flox mice, β-catenin loss in UCP1+ adipocytes promoted white-fat browning, increased thermogenic gene expression, and raised whole-body energy expenditure, indicating that Ctnnb1 restrains beige/thermogenic programs in this lineage. (chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 2-5, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 5-8, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 10-13, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 18-20)	UBKO mice showed more UCP1+ beige adipocytes, higher O2 consumption/energy expenditure, and improved later-life glucose metabolism; RNA-seq in eWAT found 290 upregulated and 1607 downregulated genes after CL-316,243 stimulation. (chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 5-8, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 8-10)	Chen et al., 2023, iScience, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552 (chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 2-5, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 5-8, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 10-13, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 8-10, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 18-20)

Table: This table summarizes the verified identity, domain structure, localization, core functions, regulation, and representative mouse-model evidence for mouse Ctnnb1/β-catenin. It is useful as a compact evidence map linking molecular annotation to recent in vivo studies and quantitative phenotypes.

Development/Application	System/Model	Key finding	Quantitative data	Implementation notes	Source
Intestinal ieCtnnb1 enhancer dosage control	Mouse intestinal epithelium; CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of upstream ieCtnnb1 enhancer to generate Ctnnb1Δi.enh mice; crossed with ApcMin/+ for tumor studies	A gut-specific enhancer upstream of Ctnnb1 tunes β-catenin dosage in crypts; enhancer loss lowers Ctnnb1 transcription, suppresses canonical Wnt output, alters crypt-cell composition, slows epithelial turnover, and strongly suppresses Wnt-driven intestinal tumorigenesis	Ctnnb1 mRNA decreased 26.5% in small-intestinal crypts and 22.3% in large-intestinal crypts; nuclear β-catenin decreased 49.5% and cytosolic β-catenin 29.8%; Paneth-cell proportion decreased 49.2%; Ki67+ cells decreased 16.1% and EdU+ cells 21.9%; median survival in tumor model increased from 165 to 255 days	CRISPR enhancer deletion, LacZ enhancer-reporter mice, scRNA-seq of crypt cells, RT-qPCR/RNA-seq, ApcMin/+ tumor model	Hua et al., eLife, Sep 2024, https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238 (hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 8-9, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 1-2, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 3-6, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8, hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 2-3)
ILC3 β-catenin activation and intestinal inflammation	Mouse ILC3 lineage models including RorccreCtnnb1ex3fl/wt, CreERT2Ctnnb1ex3fl/wt, and Rag-deficient/chimera settings	Constitutive or inducible β-catenin activation in ILC3s reduces ILC3 abundance and function, worsens colitis, and acts through a TCF-1/JunB/RORγt regulatory axis with altered chromatin accessibility and reduced effector programs	Inducible cultures yielded ~50% β-catenin+ ILC3s by day 6; study reports dramatic reduction in ILC3s, reduced Ki-67, impaired CFSE proliferation, decreased IL-22/IL-17A, and worsened DSS colitis, though most exact fold-changes are not stated in extracted text	Cre/lox exon-3 stabilization allele, tamoxifen/4-OHT induction, CUT&Tag, ATAC-seq, luciferase reporters, siRNA against Junb/Nfatc2	Hao et al., Nature Communications, Apr 2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1 (hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 1-2, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 7-8, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 8-9, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 5-7, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 11-12, hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 4-5)
Ucp1-Cre adipocyte-specific Ctnnb1 knockout and WAT browning	Ucp1-Cre;Ctnnb1flox/flox (UBKO) mice; cold exposure and CL-316,243 β3-adrenergic stimulation; adipocyte cultures	Loss of β-catenin in UCP1+ adipocytes promotes beige-fat programming and whole-body energy expenditure, indicating Ctnnb1 restrains thermogenic WAT browning	RNA-seq after CL-316,243 identified 290 upregulated and 1607 downregulated genes in eWAT; UBKO mice showed higher O2 consumption, CO2 production, and energy expenditure; long-term cohort sizes noted as n=25 controls and n=19 UBKO in metabolic analyses	Cre/lox with Ucp1-Cre (JAX 024670), metabolic cages, cold challenge, CL-316,243 treatment, SVF-derived beige adipocyte assays, GEO dataset GSE227415	Chen et al., iScience, May 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552 (chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 2-5, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 5-8, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 10-13, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 8-10, chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 18-20)
RPE specification by separation-of-function Ctnnb1 alleles	Mouse retinal pigment epithelium using Ctnnb1dm (transcription-impaired), Ctnnb1Y654E (reduced junction affinity), and constitutively active Ctnnb1Δex3 alleles	During RPE specification, the transcriptional/Wnt role of β-catenin is more critical than its junctional role: transcription-impaired β-catenin cannot substitute for endogenous Ctnnb1, whereas a junction-weak allele can; excessive β-catenin activity redirects fate	Primarily allele-based functional evidence rather than large quantitative metrics in extracted text; study concludes Wnt/β-catenin signaling is necessary for specification but not maintenance of mouse RPE	Separation-of-function genetics in vivo, lineage-specific RPE manipulation, constitutively active exon-3 deletion allele	Kim et al., Molecules and Cells, May 2023, https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2023.0029 (jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2)
Chemical targeting via covalent degrader EN83	Mammalian cell systems including HiBiT-CTNNB1 HEK293 cells and colorectal cancer lines (HT29, COLO, SW480)	EN83 directly and covalently modifies β-catenin, thermally destabilizes it, and promotes ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation, demonstrating direct chemical tractability of CTNNB1	MS/MS mapped modification to C439, C466, C520, C619; mutational analysis showed C466, C520, C619 are functionally important for degradation; chemoproteomics found significant engagement of C619 and 139 other targets >50% among 8,251 quantified cysteines; active cellular concentrations included 10 µM and 50 µM in reported assays	HiBiT screening, gel-based and isoDTB chemoproteomics, cysteine-mutant rescue, cellular thermal shift assay, proteasome and NEDDylation inhibitor rescue (bortezomib, MLN4924)	Gowans et al., JACS, Jun 2024, https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c05174 (gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 1-4, gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 4-7, gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 14-19, gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 7-10)

Table: This table summarizes major 2023–2024 mechanistic developments and practical applications involving mouse or mammalian Ctnnb1/β-catenin. It highlights experimental systems, quantitative outcomes, and implementation methods that are especially useful for functional annotation and translational context.

References

(jongmyeong2023wntβcateninsignalingpathway pages 1-2): Jong-Myeong Kim, Kwang Wook Min, You-Joung Kim, Ron Smits, Konrad Basler, and Jin Woo Kim. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is necessary for the specification but not the maintenance of the mouse retinal pigment epithelium. Molecules and Cells, 46:441-450, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2023.0029, doi:10.14348/molcells.2023.0029. This article has 12 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(zhuang2023ctnnb1inneurodevelopmental pages 1-2): Wen‐Ping Zhuang, Tong Ye, Wei Wang, Weihong Song, and Tao Tan. Ctnnb1 in neurodevelopmental disorders. Frontiers in Psychiatry, Mar 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1143328, doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1143328. This article has 70 citations.
(dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 1-2): Arundhathi Dev, Meenakshi Vachher, and Chandra Prakash Prasad. Β-catenin inhibitors in cancer therapeutics: intricacies and way forward. Bioengineered, Sep 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696, doi:10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696. This article has 46 citations.
(dev2023βcatenininhibitorsin pages 2-4): Arundhathi Dev, Meenakshi Vachher, and Chandra Prakash Prasad. Β-catenin inhibitors in cancer therapeutics: intricacies and way forward. Bioengineered, Sep 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696, doi:10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696. This article has 46 citations.
(dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4): Camille Dantzer, Lydia Dif, Justine Vaché, Sara Basbous, Clotilde Billottet, and Violaine Moreau. Specific features of ß-catenin-mutated hepatocellular carcinomas. British Journal of Cancer, 131:1871-1880, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02849-7, doi:10.1038/s41416-024-02849-7. This article has 32 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 1-2): Xiaojiao Hua, Chen Zhao, Jianbo Tian, Junbao Wang, Xiaoping Miao, Gen Zheng, Min Wu, Mei Ye, Ying Liu, and Yan Zhou. A ctnnb1 enhancer transcriptionally regulates wnt signaling dosage to balance homeostasis and tumorigenesis of intestinal epithelia. eLife, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238, doi:10.7554/elife.98238. This article has 4 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 3-6): Xiaojiao Hua, Chen Zhao, Jianbo Tian, Junbao Wang, Xiaoping Miao, Gen Zheng, Min Wu, Mei Ye, Ying Liu, and Yan Zhou. A ctnnb1 enhancer transcriptionally regulates wnt signaling dosage to balance homeostasis and tumorigenesis of intestinal epithelia. eLife, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238, doi:10.7554/elife.98238. This article has 4 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 6-8): Xiaojiao Hua, Chen Zhao, Jianbo Tian, Junbao Wang, Xiaoping Miao, Gen Zheng, Min Wu, Mei Ye, Ying Liu, and Yan Zhou. A ctnnb1 enhancer transcriptionally regulates wnt signaling dosage to balance homeostasis and tumorigenesis of intestinal epithelia. eLife, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238, doi:10.7554/elife.98238. This article has 4 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 8-9): Xiaojiao Hua, Chen Zhao, Jianbo Tian, Junbao Wang, Xiaoping Miao, Gen Zheng, Min Wu, Mei Ye, Ying Liu, and Yan Zhou. A ctnnb1 enhancer transcriptionally regulates wnt signaling dosage to balance homeostasis and tumorigenesis of intestinal epithelia. eLife, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238, doi:10.7554/elife.98238. This article has 4 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 1-2): Jiacheng Hao, Chang Liu, Zhijie Gu, Xuanming Yang, Xun Lan, and Xiaohuan Guo. Dysregulation of wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to intestinal inflammation through regulation of group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Nature Communications, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1. This article has 40 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 7-8): Jiacheng Hao, Chang Liu, Zhijie Gu, Xuanming Yang, Xun Lan, and Xiaohuan Guo. Dysregulation of wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to intestinal inflammation through regulation of group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Nature Communications, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1. This article has 40 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 5-7): Jiacheng Hao, Chang Liu, Zhijie Gu, Xuanming Yang, Xun Lan, and Xiaohuan Guo. Dysregulation of wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to intestinal inflammation through regulation of group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Nature Communications, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1. This article has 40 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 11-12): Jiacheng Hao, Chang Liu, Zhijie Gu, Xuanming Yang, Xun Lan, and Xiaohuan Guo. Dysregulation of wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to intestinal inflammation through regulation of group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Nature Communications, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1. This article has 40 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 4-5): Jiacheng Hao, Chang Liu, Zhijie Gu, Xuanming Yang, Xun Lan, and Xiaohuan Guo. Dysregulation of wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to intestinal inflammation through regulation of group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Nature Communications, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1. This article has 40 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(quinn2024αcateninmiddleand pages 2-4): Jeanne M. Quinn, Yuou Wang, Megan Wood, Annette S. Flozak, Phuong M. Le, Alex Yemelyanov, Patrick W. Oakes, and Cara J. Gottardi. Α-catenin middle- and actin-binding domain unfolding mutants differentially impact epithelial strength and sheet migration. Molecular Biology of the Cell, May 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0036, doi:10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0036. This article has 4 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 1-4): Flor A. Gowans, Nafsika Forte, Justin Hatcher, Oscar W. Huang, Yangzhi Wang, Belen E. Altamirano Poblano, Ingrid E. Wertz, and Daniel K. Nomura. Covalent degrader of the oncogenic transcription factor β-catenin. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 146:16856-16865, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c05174, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c05174. This article has 25 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 4-7): Flor A. Gowans, Nafsika Forte, Justin Hatcher, Oscar W. Huang, Yangzhi Wang, Belen E. Altamirano Poblano, Ingrid E. Wertz, and Daniel K. Nomura. Covalent degrader of the oncogenic transcription factor β-catenin. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 146:16856-16865, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c05174, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c05174. This article has 25 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 2-5): Na Chen, Mingyang Yuan, Ningning Zhang, Maopei Chen, Ruixin Liu, Ji-qiu Wang, and Peng Lu. Ctnnb1/β-catenin inactivation in ucp1-positive adipocytes augments the browning of white adipose tissue. iScience, 26:106552, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552, doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552. This article has 9 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 18-20): Na Chen, Mingyang Yuan, Ningning Zhang, Maopei Chen, Ruixin Liu, Ji-qiu Wang, and Peng Lu. Ctnnb1/β-catenin inactivation in ucp1-positive adipocytes augments the browning of white adipose tissue. iScience, 26:106552, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552, doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552. This article has 9 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 5-8): Na Chen, Mingyang Yuan, Ningning Zhang, Maopei Chen, Ruixin Liu, Ji-qiu Wang, and Peng Lu. Ctnnb1/β-catenin inactivation in ucp1-positive adipocytes augments the browning of white adipose tissue. iScience, 26:106552, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552, doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552. This article has 9 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(farhat2024thebcatenininteractome pages 18-23): F Farhat. The b-catenin interactome in myogenic cells. Unknown journal, 2024.
(farhat2024thebcatenininteractome pages 6-12): F Farhat. The b-catenin interactome in myogenic cells. Unknown journal, 2024.
(hua2024actnnb1enhancer pages 2-3): Xiaojiao Hua, Chen Zhao, Jianbo Tian, Junbao Wang, Xiaoping Miao, Gen Zheng, Min Wu, Mei Ye, Ying Liu, and Yan Zhou. A ctnnb1 enhancer transcriptionally regulates wnt signaling dosage to balance homeostasis and tumorigenesis of intestinal epithelia. eLife, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238, doi:10.7554/elife.98238. This article has 4 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.
(chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 10-13): Na Chen, Mingyang Yuan, Ningning Zhang, Maopei Chen, Ruixin Liu, Ji-qiu Wang, and Peng Lu. Ctnnb1/β-catenin inactivation in ucp1-positive adipocytes augments the browning of white adipose tissue. iScience, 26:106552, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552, doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552. This article has 9 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(chen2023ctnnb1βcatenininactivationin pages 8-10): Na Chen, Mingyang Yuan, Ningning Zhang, Maopei Chen, Ruixin Liu, Ji-qiu Wang, and Peng Lu. Ctnnb1/β-catenin inactivation in ucp1-positive adipocytes augments the browning of white adipose tissue. iScience, 26:106552, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552, doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552. This article has 9 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(hao2024dysregulationofwntβcatenin pages 8-9): Jiacheng Hao, Chang Liu, Zhijie Gu, Xuanming Yang, Xun Lan, and Xiaohuan Guo. Dysregulation of wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to intestinal inflammation through regulation of group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Nature Communications, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1. This article has 40 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 14-19): Flor A. Gowans, Nafsika Forte, Justin Hatcher, Oscar W. Huang, Yangzhi Wang, Belen E. Altamirano Poblano, Ingrid E. Wertz, and Daniel K. Nomura. Covalent degrader of the oncogenic transcription factor β-catenin. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 146:16856-16865, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c05174, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c05174. This article has 25 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 7-10): Flor A. Gowans, Nafsika Forte, Justin Hatcher, Oscar W. Huang, Yangzhi Wang, Belen E. Altamirano Poblano, Ingrid E. Wertz, and Daniel K. Nomura. Covalent degrader of the oncogenic transcription factor β-catenin. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 146:16856-16865, Jun 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c05174, doi:10.1021/jacs.4c05174. This article has 25 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.

Citations

gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 1-4
gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 4-7
dantzer2024specificfeaturesof pages 3-4
farhat2024thebcatenininteractome pages 18-23
farhat2024thebcatenininteractome pages 6-12
gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 14-19
gowans2024covalentdegraderof pages 7-10
https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1
https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0036
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c05174
https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696
https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2023.0029
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02849-7
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1143328
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552
https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2023.0029,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1143328,
https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-024-02849-7,
https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.98238,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45616-1,
https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e23-01-0036,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c05174,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106552,

Notes

(Ctnnb1-notes.md)

Ctnnb1 Gene Review Notes

2025-01-14 - Major GOA Expansion Issue

Issue: Validation failure due to massive mismatch between review and current GOA file:
- 553 missing annotations from GOA
- 24 annotations not in GOA
- 190 new references needed

Root Cause: The Ctnnb1 GOA file has expanded dramatically from ~206 annotations to 816 lines since the original review. This represents one of the most significant updates in the dataset.

Action Taken: Used the GOA validator to seed all 553 missing annotations, which added 190 new references. However, this created a massive file (8099 lines) that may need manual curation.

Outstanding Issues:
1. Some annotations like GO:0019221 (cytokine-mediated signaling pathway) with PMID:19619491 appear to have been retired from GOA
2. The file now contains a mix of carefully reviewed annotations and newly seeded PENDING annotations
3. The validation is timing out due to the file size

Recommendation: This gene requires special attention in a future curation cycle to:
1. Review the 553 newly seeded annotations
2. Identify and mark retired annotations
3. Resolve evidence type mismatches
4. Streamline the review for better maintainability

Note: Beta-catenin is a highly studied protein involved in multiple pathways (Wnt signaling, cell adhesion, transcriptional regulation), which explains the extensive annotation expansion.

Bioreason Rl Review

(Ctnnb1-bioreason-rl-review.md)

BioReason-Pro RL Review: Ctnnb1 (mouse)

Source: Ctnnb1-deep-research-bioreason-rl.md

Correctness: 4/5
Completeness: 3/5

Functional Summary Review

The BioReason functional summary captures the structural basis well but is incomplete on function:

A cytoplasmic armadillo-repeat scaffold that concentrates at cell-cell junctions to organize multiprotein assemblies. By using a tandem helical repeat core, it binds cytoplasmic adhesion receptors and junctional adaptors to stabilize adherens junction architecture while dynamically exchanging with soluble pools. This binding-driven mechanism positions it to coordinate adhesion with signal-responsive gene regulation, operating predominantly at junctions within the cytoplasmic compartment.

The adhesion role is correctly identified -- the curated review confirms beta-catenin "links cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton at adherens junctions to mediate cell-cell adhesion" (GO:0045296, cadherin binding; GO:0098609, cell-cell adhesion; GO:0005912, adherens junction). However, the summary significantly underweights the Wnt signaling / transcriptional co-activator function.

The curated review describes Ctnnb1 as having "dual roles in cell adhesion and Wnt signaling" and devotes equal emphasis to its nuclear function: "stabilized beta-catenin translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcriptional co-activator with TCF/LEF transcription factors." The BioReason summary only vaguely alludes to this as "signal-responsive gene regulation" without naming Wnt signaling, TCF/LEF, or the nuclear translocation. This is a major omission since the Wnt/beta-catenin transcriptional axis is arguably as important as the adhesion role.

The thinking trace hedges with "although this isoform's detailed roles are not fully resolved," which is incorrect -- Ctnnb1's role in Wnt signaling is extremely well-characterized in mouse. This appears to be a limitation of relying purely on domain architecture without literature context.

Comparison with interpro2go:

There are no GO_REF:0000002 annotations for Ctnnb1 in the curated review. BioReason's GO term predictions do include many Wnt-related terms (GO:0016055 Wnt signaling pathway, GO:0198738 cell-cell signaling by wnt) and transcriptional terms, suggesting the GO prediction module captures what the functional summary misses. This disconnect between the narrative summary and the predicted GO terms is notable -- the summary is more conservative than the GO predictions.

Notes on thinking trace

The trace correctly identifies the armadillo-repeat scaffold and cadherin-binding groove. However, it explicitly hedges on the transcriptional role ("this isoform's detailed roles are not fully resolved"), which is a significant error of caution -- Ctnnb1/beta-catenin's transcriptional co-activator function is one of the most studied signaling mechanisms in developmental biology.

📄 View Raw YAML

id: Q02248
gene_symbol: Ctnnb1
product_type: PROTEIN
status: COMPLETE
description: 'Beta-catenin is a multifunctional Armadillo-repeat protein with two conserved
  core roles: at adherens junctions it binds classical cadherins and alpha-catenin to support
  cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, and in canonical Wnt signaling it accumulates in the
  nucleus and acts as a transcriptional coactivator with TCF/LEF-family DNA-binding transcription
  factors. These molecular roles explain the many developmental, proliferative, differentiation,
  and tissue-patterning phenotypes in mouse; those organismal processes are generally downstream
  context-specific consequences rather than separate core molecular functions.'
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:10090
  label: Mus musculus
existing_annotations:
- term:
    id: GO:0001525
    label: angiogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:28463231
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:28463231
      supporting_text: Disruption of lineage specification in adult pulmonary
        mesenchymal progenitor cells promotes microvascular dysfunction.
- term:
    id: GO:0001708
    label: cell fate specification
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:28463231
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:28463231
      supporting_text: Disruption of lineage specification in adult pulmonary
        mesenchymal progenitor cells promotes microvascular dysfunction.
- term:
    id: GO:0019221
    label: cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
  review:
    summary: The abstract confirms beta-catenin regulates respiratory epithelial differentiation, but the local evidence is insufficient to determine whether direct negative transcriptional regulation was experimentally shown.
    action: UNDECIDED
    reason: Full-text review of PMID:16040629 is required to confirm whether direct negative transcriptional regulation by beta-catenin was demonstrated experimentally, rather than an indirect differentiation or pathway effect.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19619491
      supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and
        Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0002064
    label: epithelial cell development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16102745
      supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis
        and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.'
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0001944
    label: vasculature development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:25083995
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25083995
      supporting_text: Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and
        barrier formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0010467
    label: gene expression
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:25083995
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    - id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25083995
      supporting_text: Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and
        barrier formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0000122
    label: negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16040629
  review:
    summary: The abstract confirms beta-catenin regulates respiratory epithelial differentiation, but the local evidence is insufficient to determine whether direct negative transcriptional regulation was experimentally shown.
    action: UNDECIDED
    reason: Full-text review of PMID:16040629 is required to confirm whether direct negative transcriptional regulation by beta-catenin was demonstrated experimentally, rather than an indirect differentiation or pathway effect.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16040629
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithelial
        cells in vivo.
- term:
    id: GO:0000165
    label: MAPK cascade
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16478791
  review:
    summary: Beta-catenin is a direct substrate of SCF-beta-TrCP-mediated proteasomal degradation, but this is regulatory turnover rather than the core adhesion or Wnt coactivator role.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: Beta-catenin proteasomal degradation is central to canonical Wnt regulation and is biologically correct, but it is retained as non-core relative to cadherin adhesion and TCF/LEF transcriptional coactivation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16478791
      supporting_text: APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferation
        induced by RAS.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0000578
    label: embryonic axis specification
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:9230313
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:9230313
      supporting_text: The mouse Fused locus encodes Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt
        signaling pathway that regulates embryonic axis formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0000902
    label: cell morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16102745
      supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis
        and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.'
- term:
    id: GO:0001501
    label: skeletal system development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866163
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from
        differentiating into chondrocytes.
- term:
    id: GO:0001569
    label: branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12975353
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12975353
      supporting_text: The conditional inactivation of the beta-catenin gene in
        endothelial cells causes a defective vascular pattern and increased vascular
        fragility.
- term:
    id: GO:0001569
    label: branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19154719
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19154719
      supporting_text: Nrarp coordinates endothelial Notch and Wnt signaling to control
        vessel density in angiogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0001570
    label: vasculogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0001649
    label: osteoblast differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866163
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from
        differentiating into chondrocytes.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0001658
    label: branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17537789
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17537789
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during
        mouse kidney development.
- term:
    id: GO:0001701
    label: in utero embryonic development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0001701
    label: in utero embryonic development
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19204372
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19204372
      supporting_text: Both the RGS domain and the six C-terminal amino acids of mouse
        Axin are required for normal embryogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0001702
    label: gastrulation with mouth forming second
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:8582267
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8582267
      supporting_text: Lack of beta-catenin affects mouse development at gastrulation.
- term:
    id: GO:0001706
    label: endoderm formation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12194849
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12194849
      supporting_text: Formation of multiple hearts in mice following deletion of
        beta-catenin in the embryonic endoderm.
- term:
    id: GO:0001706
    label: endoderm formation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:23824574
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23824574
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is
        essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse.
- term:
    id: GO:0001708
    label: cell fate specification
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866163
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from
        differentiating into chondrocytes.
- term:
    id: GO:0001711
    label: endodermal cell fate commitment
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12194849
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12194849
      supporting_text: Formation of multiple hearts in mice following deletion of
        beta-catenin in the embryonic endoderm.
- term:
    id: GO:0001764
    label: neuron migration
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21937711
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21937711
      supporting_text: ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the developing
        brain.
- term:
    id: GO:0001822
    label: kidney development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17537789
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17537789
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during
        mouse kidney development.
- term:
    id: GO:0001840
    label: neural plate development
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22102609
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22102609
      supporting_text: Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural plate induces
        ectopic mid-hindbrain characteristics.
- term:
    id: GO:0001894
    label: tissue homeostasis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18635608
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18635608
      supporting_text: Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external
        genitalia development.
- term:
    id: GO:0001944
    label: vasculature development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19129494
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19129494
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-CNS,
        angiogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0002052
    label: positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21937711
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21937711
      supporting_text: ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the developing
        brain.
- term:
    id: GO:0002053
    label: positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0002053
    label: positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18533146
      supporting_text: An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0002062
    label: chondrocyte differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866163
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from
        differentiating into chondrocytes.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0002062
    label: chondrocyte differentiation
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16818445
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16818445
      supporting_text: Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of
        Ihh during chondrogenesis.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0002089
    label: lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16102745
      supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis
        and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.'
- term:
    id: GO:0003266
    label: regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19620969
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19620969
      supporting_text: A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1
        determines cardiac progenitor cell fate.
- term:
    id: GO:0003338
    label: metanephros morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19060336
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19060336
      supporting_text: A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial
        cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian
        kidney.
- term:
    id: GO:0003340
    label: negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in
      metanephros morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17537789
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17537789
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during
        mouse kidney development.
- term:
    id: GO:0006351
    label: DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0006357
      label: regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866163
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from
        differentiating into chondrocytes.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0006357
    label: regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12235125
  review:
    summary: Supported, but too broad for beta-catenin's canonical Wnt transcriptional
      coactivator role.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The evidence supports beta-catenin-dependent Wnt/TCF transcriptional
      activation rather than generic regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription.
      Replace with a more specific positive transcriptional regulation term.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    - id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12235125
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream
        target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
- term:
    id: GO:0006357
    label: regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
  review:
    summary: Supported, but too broad for beta-catenin's canonical Wnt transcriptional
      coactivator role.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The evidence supports beta-catenin-dependent Wnt/TCF transcriptional
      activation rather than generic regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription.
      Replace with a more specific positive transcriptional regulation term.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    - id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12464179
      supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway
        mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
- term:
    id: GO:0006357
    label: regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20043884
  review:
    summary: Supported, but too broad for beta-catenin's canonical Wnt transcriptional
      coactivator role.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The evidence supports beta-catenin-dependent Wnt/TCF transcriptional
      activation rather than generic regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription.
      Replace with a more specific positive transcriptional regulation term.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    - id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20043884
      supporting_text: Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within
        the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0006366
    label: transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15907834
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15907834
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF
        signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0007160
    label: cell-matrix adhesion
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15131783
  review:
    summary: The annotation is misleading as a direct beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in this pathway as the GO term
      implies.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15131783
      supporting_text: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal
        tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.'
- term:
    id: GO:0007249
    label: canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
  review:
    summary: The annotation is misleading as a direct beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in this pathway as the GO term
      implies.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19619491
      supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and
        Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0007268
    label: chemical synaptic transmission
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14622577
      supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and
        presynaptic assembly.
- term:
    id: GO:0007398
    label: ectoderm development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:8582267
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8582267
      supporting_text: Lack of beta-catenin affects mouse development at gastrulation.
- term:
    id: GO:0007403
    label: glial cell fate determination
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17706960
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17706960
      supporting_text: Persistent expression of stabilized beta-catenin delays
        maturation of radial glial cells into intermediate progenitors.
- term:
    id: GO:0007405
    label: neuroblast proliferation
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21937711
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21937711
      supporting_text: ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the developing
        brain.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0007507
    label: heart development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12464179
      supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway
        mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
- term:
    id: GO:0008104
    label: intracellular protein localization
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16621792
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16621792
      supporting_text: 'Membrane localization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein at cellular
        protrusions: targeting sequences and regulation by beta-catenin.'
- term:
    id: GO:0008283
    label: cell population proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19690384
      supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in
        the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0008283
    label: cell population proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15131783
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15131783
      supporting_text: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal
        tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.'
- term:
    id: GO:0008284
    label: positive regulation of cell population proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19690384
      supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in
        the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
- term:
    id: GO:0008543
    label: fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
  review:
    summary: The annotation is misleading as a direct beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in this pathway as the GO term
      implies.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18533146
      supporting_text: An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme
        development.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0009948
    label: anterior/posterior axis specification
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:10662781
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10662781
      supporting_text: Requirement for beta-catenin in anterior-posterior axis formation
        in mice.
- term:
    id: GO:0009950
    label: dorsal/ventral axis specification
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12923052
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12923052
      supporting_text: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor
        signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
- term:
    id: GO:0009953
    label: dorsal/ventral pattern formation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15708565
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15708565
      supporting_text: Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specification
        of the mouse telencephalon.
- term:
    id: GO:0009954
    label: proximal/distal pattern formation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12885771
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12885771
      supporting_text: beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal
        cell fate during lung morphogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0010463
    label: mesenchymal cell proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0010463
    label: mesenchymal cell proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18533146
      supporting_text: An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme
        development.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0010468
    label: regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:22102609
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    - id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22102609
      supporting_text: Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural plate induces
        ectopic mid-hindbrain characteristics.
- term:
    id: GO:0010628
    label: positive regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0010628
    label: positive regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19690384
      supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in
        the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
- term:
    id: GO:0010718
    label: positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000008
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0016331
    label: morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16102745
      supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis
        and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.'
- term:
    id: GO:0021819
    label: layer formation in cerebral cortex
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20503375
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20503375
      supporting_text: Expression analysis of an evolutionarily conserved
        metallophosphodiesterase gene, Mpped1, in the normal and beta-catenin-deficient
        malformed dorsal telencephalon.
- term:
    id: GO:0022009
    label: central nervous system vasculogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19023080
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19023080
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling regulates organ-specific assembly and
        differentiation of CNS vasculature.
- term:
    id: GO:0022405
    label: hair cycle process
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11371349
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11371349
      supporting_text: beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell
        differentiation in the skin.
- term:
    id: GO:0030097
    label: hemopoiesis
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12717450
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12717450
      supporting_text: A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem
        cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0030154
    label: cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16102745
      supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis
        and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.'
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0030217
    label: T cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:14608382
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14608382
      supporting_text: Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development.
- term:
    id: GO:0030316
    label: osteoclast differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866165
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls
        osteoclast differentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0030324
    label: lung development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12885771
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12885771
      supporting_text: beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal
        cell fate during lung morphogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0048709
    label: oligodendrocyte differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19503085
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19503085
      supporting_text: HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by
        disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0051450
    label: myoblast proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0060441
    label: epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18533146
      supporting_text: An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme
        development.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0060487
    label: lung epithelial cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16040629
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16040629
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithelial
        cells in vivo.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0060767
    label: epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12813461
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12813461
      supporting_text: Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces
        hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0072089
    label: stem cell proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18533146
      supporting_text: An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme
        development.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0097190
    label: apoptotic signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15131783
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15131783
      supporting_text: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal
        tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.'
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0097190
    label: apoptotic signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20454446
      supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by
        inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0097190
    label: apoptotic signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20454446
      supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by
        inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
  retired: true
- term:
    id: GO:0032212
    label: positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22723415
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and
        cancer cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0001222
    label: transcription corepressor binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0016358
    label: dendrite development
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:27713508
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:27713508
      supporting_text: Conditional Knockout of Breast Carcinoma Amplified Sequence 2
        (BCAS2) in Mouse Forebrain Causes Dendritic Malformation via β-catenin.
- term:
    id: GO:0001222
    label: transcription corepressor binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0060856
    label: establishment of blood-brain barrier
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:25083995
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25083995
      supporting_text: Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and
        barrier formation.
- term:
    id: GO:1990963
    label: establishment of blood-retinal barrier
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:25083995
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25083995
      supporting_text: Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and
        barrier formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0001709
    label: cell fate determination
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15708565
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15708565
      supporting_text: Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specification
        of the mouse telencephalon.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15024079
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15024079
      supporting_text: Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and is directly
        regulated by beta-catenin.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15778706
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15778706
      supporting_text: Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal
        crypts.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15907834
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15907834
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF
        signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16581771
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16581771
      supporting_text: CCN1/Cyr61 is regulated by the canonical Wnt signal and plays an
        important role in Wnt3A-induced osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem
        cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0030154
    label: cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15131783
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15131783
      supporting_text: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal
        tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.'
- term:
    id: GO:0030154
    label: cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16192304
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16192304
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but not islet
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0030324
    label: lung development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0030539
    label: male genitalia development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19282366
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19282366
      supporting_text: Genetic interactions of the androgen and Wnt/beta-catenin
        pathways for the masculinization of external genitalia.
- term:
    id: GO:0030856
    label: regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12813461
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12813461
      supporting_text: Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces
        hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0030858
    label: positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16040629
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16040629
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithelial
        cells in vivo.
- term:
    id: GO:0030900
    label: forebrain development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15708565
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15708565
      supporting_text: Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specification
        of the mouse telencephalon.
- term:
    id: GO:0031016
    label: pancreas development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16192304
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16192304
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but not islet
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0031069
    label: hair follicle morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11371349
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11371349
      supporting_text: beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell
        differentiation in the skin.
- term:
    id: GO:0031069
    label: hair follicle morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:24309208
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24309208
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dermal condensates is required for
        hair follicle formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0031641
    label: regulation of myelination
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19515974
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19515974
      supporting_text: Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway inhibits timely myelination and
        remyelination in the mammalian CNS.
- term:
    id: GO:0032331
    label: negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16818445
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16818445
      supporting_text: Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of
        Ihh during chondrogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0033077
    label: T cell differentiation in thymus
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16025118
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16025118
      supporting_text: Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function disrupts thymic
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0034332
    label: adherens junction organization
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19129494
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19129494
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-CNS,
        angiogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0035050
    label: embryonic heart tube development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0035112
    label: genitalia morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18635608
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18635608
      supporting_text: Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external
        genitalia development.
- term:
    id: GO:0035115
    label: embryonic forelimb morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15371327
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15371327
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and necessary for
        synovial joint formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0035116
    label: embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12923052
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12923052
      supporting_text: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor
        signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
- term:
    id: GO:0035116
    label: embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0042127
    label: regulation of cell population proliferation
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12235125
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12235125
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream
        target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
- term:
    id: GO:0042127
    label: regulation of cell population proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17055474
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17055474
      supporting_text: The stabilization of beta-catenin leads to impaired primordial
        germ cell development via aberrant cell cycle progression.
- term:
    id: GO:0042127
    label: regulation of cell population proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18635608
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18635608
      supporting_text: Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external
        genitalia development.
- term:
    id: GO:0042129
    label: regulation of T cell proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:14608382
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14608382
      supporting_text: Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development.
- term:
    id: GO:0042475
    label: odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866165
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls
        osteoclast differentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0042733
    label: embryonic digit morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12923052
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12923052
      supporting_text: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor
        signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
- term:
    id: GO:0042733
    label: embryonic digit morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20043884
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20043884
      supporting_text: Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within
        the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0042733
    label: embryonic digit morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20043884
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20043884
      supporting_text: Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within
        the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0042981
    label: regulation of apoptotic process
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20043884
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20043884
      supporting_text: Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within
        the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0043410
    label: positive regulation of MAPK cascade
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16478791
  review:
    summary: The annotation is misleading as a direct beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in this pathway as the GO term
      implies.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16478791
      supporting_text: APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferation
        induced by RAS.
- term:
    id: GO:0043524
    label: negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22956852
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22956852
      supporting_text: Integration of β-catenin, sirtuin, and FOXO signaling protects
        from mutant huntingtin toxicity.
- term:
    id: GO:0043588
    label: skin development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19718027
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19718027
      supporting_text: Tcf3 and Tcf4 are essential for long-term homeostasis of skin
        epithelia.
- term:
    id: GO:0045453
    label: bone resorption
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866165
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls
        osteoclast differentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0045453
    label: bone resorption
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866165
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls
        osteoclast differentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0045595
    label: regulation of cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12717450
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12717450
      supporting_text: A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem
        cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0045596
    label: negative regulation of cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866163
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from
        differentiating into chondrocytes.
- term:
    id: GO:0045596
    label: negative regulation of cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16102745
      supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis
        and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.'
- term:
    id: GO:0045603
    label: positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0045667
    label: regulation of osteoblast differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15576404
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15576404
      supporting_text: Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in osteoblast
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0045667
    label: regulation of osteoblast differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15802266
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15802266
      supporting_text: Essential role of beta-catenin in postnatal bone acquisition.
- term:
    id: GO:0045669
    label: positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866163
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from
        differentiating into chondrocytes.
- term:
    id: GO:0045670
    label: regulation of osteoclast differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15802266
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15802266
      supporting_text: Essential role of beta-catenin in postnatal bone acquisition.
- term:
    id: GO:0045671
    label: negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866165
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls
        osteoclast differentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0045743
    label: positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0045743
    label: positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18533146
      supporting_text: An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0045892
    label: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12551949
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12551949
      supporting_text: Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and beta-catenin inhibit
        Runx2-dependent transcriptional activation of the osteocalcin promoter.
- term:
    id: GO:0045892
    label: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866163
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from
        differentiating into chondrocytes.
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:10631168
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10631168
      supporting_text: Hippocampus development and generation of dentate gyrus granule
        cells is regulated by LEF1.
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12551949
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12551949
      supporting_text: Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and beta-catenin inhibit
        Runx2-dependent transcriptional activation of the osteocalcin promoter.
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866163
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from
        differentiating into chondrocytes.
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16936075
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16936075
      supporting_text: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5
        expression during somitogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17767158
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17767158
      supporting_text: Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt signaling
        requires ATF/CREB family-mediated transcriptional activation of TGFbeta2.
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19056892
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19056892
      supporting_text: A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent p27
        turnover in mammary tumors.
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19690384
      supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in
        the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15024079
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15024079
      supporting_text: Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and is directly
        regulated by beta-catenin.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15729346
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15729346
      supporting_text: Pax3 functions at a nodal point in melanocyte stem cell
        differentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15778706
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15778706
      supporting_text: Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal
        crypts.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15907834
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15907834
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF
        signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16678101
      supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events
        dictate cell-lineage determination.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19620969
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19620969
      supporting_text: A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1
        determines cardiac progenitor cell fate.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20159597
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20159597
      supporting_text: Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue of a
        Wnt2-Gata6 pathway required for cardiac inflow tract development.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20627076
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20627076
      supporting_text: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway modulates vascular remodeling and
        specification by upregulating Dll4/Notch signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:21750544
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21750544
      supporting_text: The Wnt3a/β-catenin target gene Mesogenin1 controls the
        segmentation clock by activating a Notch signalling program.
- term:
    id: GO:0048469
    label: cell maturation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15576404
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15576404
      supporting_text: Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in osteoblast
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0048469
    label: cell maturation
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17706960
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17706960
      supporting_text: Persistent expression of stabilized beta-catenin delays
        maturation of radial glial cells into intermediate progenitors.
- term:
    id: GO:0048489
    label: synaptic vesicle transport
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14622577
      supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and
        presynaptic assembly.
- term:
    id: GO:0048513
    label: animal organ development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18635608
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18635608
      supporting_text: Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external
        genitalia development.
- term:
    id: GO:0048538
    label: thymus development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16025118
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16025118
      supporting_text: Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function disrupts thymic
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0048599
    label: oocyte development
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20454446
      supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by
        inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
- term:
    id: GO:0048617
    label: embryonic foregut morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18692041
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18692041
      supporting_text: 'Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation: a novel mouse model for tracheal
        agenesis.'
- term:
    id: GO:0048715
    label: negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19503085
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19503085
      supporting_text: HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by
        disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
- term:
    id: GO:0050808
    label: synapse organization
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14622577
      supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and
        presynaptic assembly.
- term:
    id: GO:0051145
    label: smooth muscle cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19690384
      supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in
        the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
- term:
    id: GO:0060066
    label: oviduct development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17532316
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17532316
      supporting_text: Essential roles of mesenchyme-derived beta-catenin in mouse
        Müllerian duct morphogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12235125
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12235125
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream
        target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12464179
      supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway
        mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12717450
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12717450
      supporting_text: A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem
        cells.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15781477
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15781477
      supporting_text: Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating mutations inhibits Wnt
        signaling and osteoblast differentiation.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16678101
      supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events
        dictate cell-lineage determination.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16818445
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16818445
      supporting_text: Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of
        Ihh during chondrogenesis.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19060336
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19060336
      supporting_text: A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial
        cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian
        kidney.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19619491
      supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and
        Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19686689
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19686689
      supporting_text: Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and sufficient
        to specify lung progenitors in the foregut.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19690384
      supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in
        the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20454446
      supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by
        inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:31222549
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:31222549
      supporting_text: The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits normal bone phenotype.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060173
    label: limb development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12569130
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12569130
      supporting_text: Ectodermal Wnt3/beta-catenin signaling is required for the
        establishment and maintenance of the apical ectodermal ridge.
- term:
    id: GO:0060439
    label: trachea morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0060439
    label: trachea morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18692041
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18692041
      supporting_text: 'Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation: a novel mouse model for tracheal
        agenesis.'
- term:
    id: GO:0060440
    label: trachea formation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19805295
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19805295
      supporting_text: beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse
        foregut.
- term:
    id: GO:0060441
    label: epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0060479
    label: lung cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19805295
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19805295
      supporting_text: beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse
        foregut.
- term:
    id: GO:0060484
    label: lung-associated mesenchyme development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18533146
      supporting_text: An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0060492
    label: lung induction
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19686689
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19686689
      supporting_text: Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and sufficient
        to specify lung progenitors in the foregut.
- term:
    id: GO:0060492
    label: lung induction
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19805295
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19805295
      supporting_text: beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse
        foregut.
- term:
    id: GO:0060742
    label: epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12813461
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12813461
      supporting_text: Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces
        hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0060769
    label: positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate
      gland development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12813461
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12813461
      supporting_text: Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces
        hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0060789
    label: hair follicle placode formation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11371349
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11371349
      supporting_text: beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell
        differentiation in the skin.
- term:
    id: GO:0060789
    label: hair follicle placode formation
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19619491
      supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and
        Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
- term:
    id: GO:0060916
    label: mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17128274
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17128274
      supporting_text: Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.
- term:
    id: GO:0060916
    label: mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18231602
      supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages
        during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0061047
    label: positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18533146
      supporting_text: An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0061198
    label: fungiform papilla formation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17128274
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17128274
      supporting_text: Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.
- term:
    id: GO:0072033
    label: renal vesicle formation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17537789
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17537789
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during
        mouse kidney development.
- term:
    id: GO:0072053
    label: renal inner medulla development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19060336
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19060336
      supporting_text: A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial
        cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian
        kidney.
- term:
    id: GO:0072054
    label: renal outer medulla development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19060336
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19060336
      supporting_text: A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial
        cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian
        kidney.
- term:
    id: GO:0072079
    label: nephron tubule formation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:17537789
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17537789
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during
        mouse kidney development.
- term:
    id: GO:0098609
    label: cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16102745
      supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis
        and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.'
- term:
    id: GO:2000017
    label: positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:18316368
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18316368
      supporting_text: Protein encoded by the Axin(Fu) allele effectively down-regulates
        Wnt signaling but exerts a dominant negative effect on c-Jun N-terminal kinase
        signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:2001234
    label: negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15131783
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15131783
      supporting_text: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal
        tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.'
- term:
    id: GO:2001234
    label: negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20454446
      supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by
        inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
- term:
    id: GO:2001234
    label: negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20454446
      supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by
        inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
- term:
    id: GO:0003676
    label: nucleic acid binding
  evidence_type: EXP
  original_reference_id: PMID:21075118
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21075118
      supporting_text: Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin
        interactions with nonphosphorylated and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
- term:
    id: GO:0001221
    label: transcription coregulator binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22723415
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and
        cancer cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0098609
    label: cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0016922
    label: nuclear receptor binding
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0019903
    label: protein phosphatase binding
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0045294
    label: alpha-catenin binding
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0016342
    label: catenin complex
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: IBA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0000922
    label: spindle pole
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005813
    label: centrosome
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005856
    label: cytoskeleton
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0007155
    label: cell adhesion
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0007399
    label: nervous system development
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0016055
    label: Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
- term:
    id: GO:0045202
    label: synapse
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0045216
    label: cell-cell junction organization
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0070161
    label: anchoring junction
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:10481074
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10481074
      supporting_text: A GSK3-binding peptide from FRAT1 selectively inhibits the
        GSK3-catalysed phosphorylation of axin and beta-catenin.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:10873669
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10873669
      supporting_text: Identification of a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:10882138
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10882138
      supporting_text: Structure of the dimerization and beta-catenin-binding region of
        alpha-catenin.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11348595
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11348595
      supporting_text: The structure of the beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex and the
        molecular basis of diverse ligand recognition by beta-catenin.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:12408825
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12408825
      supporting_text: ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family
        transcription factors and the general coactivator p300 using independent
        structural modules.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:12421363
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12421363
      supporting_text: Axin negatively affects tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase
        kinase 3beta.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:12874278
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12874278
      supporting_text: The PDZ protein tax-interacting protein-1 inhibits beta-catenin
        transcriptional activity and growth of colorectal cancer cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:14691142
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14691142
      supporting_text: alpha3beta1 integrin-CD151, a component of the cadherin-catenin
        complex, regulates PTPmu expression and cell-cell adhesion.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15327768
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15327768
      supporting_text: Mechanism of phosphorylation-dependent binding of APC to
        beta-catenin and its role in beta-catenin degradation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16293619
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16293619
      supporting_text: 'Thermodynamics of beta-catenin-ligand interactions: the roles of the
        N- and C-terminal tails in modulating binding affinity.'
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16678101
      supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events
        dictate cell-lineage determination.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19107203
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19107203
      supporting_text: Direct inhibition of GSK3beta by the phosphorylated cytoplasmic
        domain of LRP6 in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20531388
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20531388
      supporting_text: Mutant huntingtin-impaired degradation of beta-catenin causes
        neurotoxicity in Huntington's disease.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20837657
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20837657
      supporting_text: Abelson family kinases regulate Frizzled planar cell polarity
        signaling via Dsh phosphorylation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21103407
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21103407
      supporting_text: The leukemia-associated Mllt10/Af10-Dot1l are Tcf4/β-catenin
        coactivators essential for intestinal homeostasis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21552260
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21552260
      supporting_text: Nemo kinase phosphorylates β-catenin to promote ommatidial
        rotation and connects core PCP factors to E-cadherin-β-catenin.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21730140
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21730140
      supporting_text: Ezrin-mediated apical integrity is required for intestinal
        homeostasis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21751375
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21751375
      supporting_text: Functional analysis of novel phosphorylation sites of
        CREB-binding protein using mass spectrometry and mammalian two-hybrid assays.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22723415
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and
        cancer cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:23273993
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23273993
      supporting_text: Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and
        acquisition of stem-cell-like properties.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25873176
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25873176
      supporting_text: TGIF governs a feed-forward network that empowers Wnt signaling
        to drive mammary tumorigenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:26893351
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:26893351
      supporting_text: The transcription factor SOX6 contributes to the developmental
        origins of obesity by promoting adipogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:9264463
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:9264463
      supporting_text: A specific domain in alpha-catenin mediates binding to
        beta-catenin or plakoglobin.
- term:
    id: GO:0000209
    label: protein polyubiquitination
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0000791
    label: euchromatin
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0001649
    label: osteoblast differentiation
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005102
    label: signaling receptor binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005667
    label: transcription regulator complex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005813
    label: centrosome
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005929
    label: cilium
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005938
    label: cell cortex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0007155
    label: cell adhesion
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0007173
    label: epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: The EGFR signaling pathway annotation is misleading as a direct
      beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in EGFR signaling as the GO
      term implies.
- term:
    id: GO:0008285
    label: negative regulation of cell population proliferation
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0010629
    label: negative regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0006357
      label: regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
- term:
    id: GO:0010717
    label: regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0010718
    label: positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0010909
    label: positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0014010
    label: Schwann cell proliferation
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0014704
    label: intercalated disc
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0016323
    label: basolateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0016324
    label: apical plasma membrane
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0016328
    label: lateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0016328
    label: lateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0016342
    label: catenin complex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0016922
    label: nuclear receptor binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0019899
    label: enzyme binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
- term:
    id: GO:0019900
    label: kinase binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0019902
    label: phosphatase binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0030054
    label: cell junction
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0030331
    label: nuclear estrogen receptor binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0030877
    label: beta-catenin destruction complex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0030997
    label: regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0031396
    label: regulation of protein ubiquitination
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0031625
    label: ubiquitin protein ligase binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0031965
    label: nuclear membrane
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0032355
    label: response to estradiol
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0032991
    label: protein-containing complex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
- term:
    id: GO:0032993
    label: protein-DNA complex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0033234
    label: negative regulation of protein sumoylation
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0034097
    label: response to cytokine
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: The annotation is misleading as a direct beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in this pathway as the GO term
      implies.
- term:
    id: GO:0034112
    label: positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0034333
    label: adherens junction assembly
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0034394
    label: protein localization to cell surface
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0035255
    label: ionotropic glutamate receptor binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0036064
    label: ciliary basal body
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0043065
    label: positive regulation of apoptotic process
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0043066
    label: negative regulation of apoptotic process
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Beta-catenin is a direct substrate of SCF-beta-TrCP-mediated proteasomal
      degradation, but this is regulatory turnover rather than the core adhesion or Wnt
      coactivator role.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: Beta-catenin proteasomal degradation is central to canonical Wnt regulation
      and is biologically correct, but it is retained as non-core relative to cadherin
      adhesion and TCF/LEF transcriptional coactivation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: enabling recognition by **β-TrCP** (E3 ligase adaptor),
        ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation
- term:
    id: GO:0043198
    label: dendritic shaft
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0043525
    label: positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0043627
    label: response to estrogen
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0044325
    label: transmembrane transporter binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0044331
    label: cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0044877
    label: protein-containing complex binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
- term:
    id: GO:0045294
    label: alpha-catenin binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0045294
    label: alpha-catenin binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0045892
    label: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0046332
    label: SMAD binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0048471
    label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0048471
    label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0048660
    label: regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0050998
    label: nitric-oxide synthase binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060231
    label: mesenchymal to epithelial transition
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0061154
    label: endothelial tube morphogenesis
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0061629
    label: RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0070097
    label: delta-catenin binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0070160
    label: tight junction
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0070369
    label: beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0070411
    label: I-SMAD binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0070602
    label: regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0071260
    label: cellular response to mechanical stimulus
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0071363
    label: cellular response to growth factor stimulus
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: The annotation is misleading as a direct beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in this pathway as the GO term
      implies.
- term:
    id: GO:0071681
    label: cellular response to indole-3-methanol
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: The annotation is misleading as a direct beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in this pathway as the GO term
      implies.
- term:
    id: GO:0071944
    label: cell periphery
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0072497
    label: mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0090279
    label: regulation of calcium ion import
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0098609
    label: cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0140297
    label: DNA-binding transcription factor binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:1905555
    label: positive regulation of blood vessel branching
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:1990138
    label: neuron projection extension
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:1990314
    label: cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:1990907
    label: beta-catenin-TCF complex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:2000008
    label: regulation of protein localization to cell surface
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0000209
    label: protein polyubiquitination
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0000791
    label: euchromatin
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0001649
    label: osteoblast differentiation
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005102
    label: signaling receptor binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005667
    label: transcription regulator complex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005929
    label: cilium
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005938
    label: cell cortex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0007173
    label: epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: The EGFR signaling pathway annotation is misleading as a direct
      beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in EGFR signaling as the GO
      term implies.
- term:
    id: GO:0008285
    label: negative regulation of cell population proliferation
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0009410
    label: response to xenobiotic stimulus
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Beta-catenin is a direct substrate of SCF-beta-TrCP-mediated proteasomal
      degradation, but this is regulatory turnover rather than the core adhesion or Wnt
      coactivator role.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: Beta-catenin proteasomal degradation is central to canonical Wnt regulation
      and is biologically correct, but it is retained as non-core relative to cadherin
      adhesion and TCF/LEF transcriptional coactivation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: enabling recognition by **β-TrCP** (E3 ligase adaptor),
        ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation
- term:
    id: GO:0010717
    label: regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0010718
    label: positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0010909
    label: positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0016323
    label: basolateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0016328
    label: lateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0016342
    label: catenin complex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0016922
    label: nuclear receptor binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0019899
    label: enzyme binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
- term:
    id: GO:0019900
    label: kinase binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0019902
    label: phosphatase binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0030054
    label: cell junction
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0030331
    label: nuclear estrogen receptor binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0030877
    label: beta-catenin destruction complex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0030997
    label: regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0031396
    label: regulation of protein ubiquitination
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0032355
    label: response to estradiol
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0032991
    label: protein-containing complex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
- term:
    id: GO:0032993
    label: protein-DNA complex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0033234
    label: negative regulation of protein sumoylation
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0034112
    label: positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0034333
    label: adherens junction assembly
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0034394
    label: protein localization to cell surface
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0036064
    label: ciliary basal body
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0043065
    label: positive regulation of apoptotic process
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0043066
    label: negative regulation of apoptotic process
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0043161
    label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Beta-catenin is a direct substrate of SCF-beta-TrCP-mediated proteasomal
      degradation, but this is regulatory turnover rather than the core adhesion or Wnt
      coactivator role.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: Beta-catenin proteasomal degradation is central to canonical Wnt regulation
      and is biologically correct, but it is retained as non-core relative to cadherin
      adhesion and TCF/LEF transcriptional coactivation.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research-falcon.md
      supporting_text: enabling recognition by **β-TrCP** (E3 ligase adaptor),
        ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation
- term:
    id: GO:0043525
    label: positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0044325
    label: transmembrane transporter binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0044331
    label: cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0045294
    label: alpha-catenin binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0045892
    label: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0046332
    label: SMAD binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0048471
    label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0048660
    label: regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060231
    label: mesenchymal to epithelial transition
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0061154
    label: endothelial tube morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0061629
    label: RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0070369
    label: beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0070411
    label: I-SMAD binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0070602
    label: regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0071363
    label: cellular response to growth factor stimulus
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: The annotation is misleading as a direct beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in this pathway as the GO term
      implies.
- term:
    id: GO:0071681
    label: cellular response to indole-3-methanol
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: The annotation is misleading as a direct beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in this pathway as the GO term
      implies.
- term:
    id: GO:0071944
    label: cell periphery
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0072497
    label: mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0090279
    label: regulation of calcium ion import
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0140297
    label: DNA-binding transcription factor binding
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:1905555
    label: positive regulation of blood vessel branching
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:1990138
    label: neuron projection extension
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:1990907
    label: beta-catenin-TCF complex
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:2000008
    label: regulation of protein localization to cell surface
  evidence_type: IEA
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12408825
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12408825
      supporting_text: ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family
        transcription factors and the general coactivator p300 using independent
        structural modules.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0000122
    label: negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:10898789
  review:
    summary: PMID:10898789 identifies ICAT as a beta-catenin-interacting inhibitor of
      beta-catenin/TCF transcription, not beta-catenin itself as a direct negative
      transcription regulator.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: This IDA row appears to transfer ICAT's inhibitory function onto beta-catenin.
      Beta-catenin is the transcriptional coactivator being inhibited, so this publication
      should not support a direct negative-regulation annotation for Ctnnb1.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10898789
      supporting_text: ICAT repressed the activity of the reporter gene in both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16936075
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16936075
      supporting_text: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5
        expression during somitogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0045597
    label: positive regulation of cell differentiation
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:24847765
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24847765
      supporting_text: From inception to output, Tcf1 and Lef1 safeguard development of
        T cells and innate immune cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16936075
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16936075
      supporting_text: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5
        expression during somitogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0050767
    label: regulation of neurogenesis
  evidence_type: NAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:23377854
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23377854
      supporting_text: Physiological role of β-catenin/TCF signaling in neurons of the
        adult brain.
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16936075
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16936075
      supporting_text: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5
        expression during somitogenesis.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0090090
    label: negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:10898789
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10898789
      supporting_text: Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel
        beta-catenin-interacting protein.
- term:
    id: GO:0090575
    label: RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21075118
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21075118
      supporting_text: Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin
        interactions with nonphosphorylated and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
- term:
    id: GO:1990711
    label: beta-catenin-ICAT complex
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:10898789
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10898789
      supporting_text: Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel
        beta-catenin-interacting protein.
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12494996
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12494996
      supporting_text: Loss of desmoglein 2 suggests essential functions for early
        embryonic development and proliferation of embryonal stem cells.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0010717
    label: regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0060231
    label: mesenchymal to epithelial transition
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22723415
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and
        cancer cells.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22723415
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and
        cancer cells.
- term:
    id: GO:1990226
    label: histone methyltransferase binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22723415
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and
        cancer cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27375112
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:27375112
      supporting_text: Antagonistic Regulation of Intercellular Cohesion by Plakophilins
        1 and 3.
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27375112
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:27375112
      supporting_text: Antagonistic Regulation of Intercellular Cohesion by Plakophilins
        1 and 3.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27015268
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:27015268
      supporting_text: Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for
        Tooth Development and Ameloblast Differentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27015268
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:27015268
      supporting_text: Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for
        Tooth Development and Ameloblast Differentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:27015268
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:27015268
      supporting_text: Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for
        Tooth Development and Ameloblast Differentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0042734
    label: presynaptic membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:8909549
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8909549
      supporting_text: The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic
        junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
- term:
    id: GO:0045211
    label: postsynaptic membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:8909549
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8909549
      supporting_text: The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic
        junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
- term:
    id: GO:0051963
    label: regulation of synapse assembly
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:28641114
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:28641114
      supporting_text: A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes
        in Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
- term:
    id: GO:0051963
    label: regulation of synapse assembly
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:28641114
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:28641114
      supporting_text: A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes
        in Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
- term:
    id: GO:0097091
    label: synaptic vesicle clustering
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14622577
      supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and
        presynaptic assembly.
- term:
    id: GO:0097091
    label: synaptic vesicle clustering
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14622577
      supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and
        presynaptic assembly.
- term:
    id: GO:0098685
    label: Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14622577
      supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and
        presynaptic assembly.
- term:
    id: GO:0098685
    label: Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14622577
      supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and
        presynaptic assembly.
- term:
    id: GO:0098831
    label: presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:8909549
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8909549
      supporting_text: The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic
        junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
- term:
    id: GO:0098978
    label: glutamatergic synapse
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:28641114
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:28641114
      supporting_text: A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes
        in Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
- term:
    id: GO:0098978
    label: glutamatergic synapse
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:28641114
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:28641114
      supporting_text: A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes
        in Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
- term:
    id: GO:0099092
    label: postsynaptic density, intracellular component
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:8909549
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8909549
      supporting_text: The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic
        junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
- term:
    id: GO:0048568
    label: embryonic organ development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:30478225
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:30478225
      supporting_text: TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in
        patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.
- term:
    id: GO:0072497
    label: mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:30478225
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:30478225
      supporting_text: TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in
        patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15905404
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15905404
      supporting_text: Functional interaction between beta-catenin and FOXO in oxidative
        stress signaling.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0036520
    label: astrocyte-dopaminergic neuron signaling
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:21752258
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21752258
      supporting_text: 'A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a candidate
        regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk:
        Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival and neuroprotection.'
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19122665
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19122665
      supporting_text: Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate
        neurogenesis.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:21752258
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21752258
      supporting_text: 'A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a candidate
        regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk:
        Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival and neuroprotection.'
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22723415
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and
        cancer cells.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0003151
    label: outflow tract morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12464179
      supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway
        mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
- term:
    id: GO:0008284
    label: positive regulation of cell population proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12464179
      supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway
        mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
- term:
    id: GO:1901331
    label: positive regulation of odontoblast differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:29148101
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29148101
      supporting_text: Homeobox protein MSX-1 inhibits expression of bone morphogenetic
        protein 2, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1
        via Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent differentiation of dental mesenchymal
        cells during the late bell stage.
- term:
    id: GO:1903377
    label: negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic
      signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:21752258
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21752258
      supporting_text: 'A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a candidate
        regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk:
        Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival and neuroprotection.'
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:32533114
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32533114
      supporting_text: ADNP promotes neural differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin
        signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16678101
      supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events
        dictate cell-lineage determination.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16818445
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16818445
      supporting_text: Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of
        Ihh during chondrogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17767158
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17767158
      supporting_text: Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt signaling
        requires ATF/CREB family-mediated transcriptional activation of TGFbeta2.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19619491
      supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and
        Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19620969
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19620969
      supporting_text: A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1
        determines cardiac progenitor cell fate.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19690384
      supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in
        the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20159597
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20159597
      supporting_text: Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue of a
        Wnt2-Gata6 pathway required for cardiac inflow tract development.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:21350016
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21350016
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell expansion and
        differentiation during kidney development.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:21512031
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21512031
      supporting_text: Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocyte
        proliferation and heart size.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:23824574
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23824574
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is
        essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse.
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12235125
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12235125
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream
        target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12464179
      supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway
        mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16678101
      supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events
        dictate cell-lineage determination.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19056892
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19056892
      supporting_text: A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent p27
        turnover in mammary tumors.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19619491
      supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and
        Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:10318824
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10318824
      supporting_text: Functional domains of axin. Importance of the C terminus as an
        oligomerization domain.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11104755
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11104755
      supporting_text: Substitution of a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation
        site in presenilin 1 separates presenilin function from beta-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:12432063
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12432063
      supporting_text: Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-catenin
        with alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:12695331
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12695331
      supporting_text: NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by
        destabilizing adherens junctions.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:12861022
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12861022
      supporting_text: T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse TCF-4,
        synergizes with beta-catenin to coactivate C/EBPalpha and steroidogenic factor 1
        transcription factors.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:14647292
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14647292
      supporting_text: Mammalian formin-1 participates in adherens junctions and
        polymerization of linear actin cables.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:14960280
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14960280
      supporting_text: Ozz-E3, a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, regulates
        beta-catenin degradation during myogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15574752
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15574752
      supporting_text: Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in
        tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15781477
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15781477
      supporting_text: Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating mutations inhibits Wnt
        signaling and osteoblast differentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15834408
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15834408
      supporting_text: The KIF3 motor transports N-cadherin and organizes the developing
        neuroepithelium.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16368433
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16368433
      supporting_text: Deficient E-cadherin adhesion in C57BL/6J-Min/+ mice is
        associated with increased tyrosine kinase activity and RhoA-dependent actomyosin
        contractility.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17535849
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17535849
      supporting_text: A unique and specific interaction between alphaT-catenin and
        plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the mixed-type junctional structure of
        cardiac intercalated discs.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18202148
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18202148
      supporting_text: Cooperative control via lymphoid enhancer factor 1/T cell factor
        3 and estrogen receptor-alpha for uterine gene regulation by estrogen.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18632848
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18632848
      supporting_text: SUMOylation target sites at the C terminus protect Axin from
        ubiquitination and confer protein stability.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19503085
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19503085
      supporting_text: HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by
        disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19725955
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19725955
      supporting_text: Arginine methyltransferase CARM1/PRMT4 regulates endochondral
        ossification.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21512031
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21512031
      supporting_text: Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocyte
        proliferation and heart size.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22665494
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22665494
      supporting_text: mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt
        signaling through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in mouse spermatogonial cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:26787558
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:26787558
      supporting_text: SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens junction
        stability and reduced cranial neural crest cell delamination.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:30659184
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:30659184
      supporting_text: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage
        degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:8555428
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8555428
      supporting_text: Immunotoxicologic effects of ethylene dibromide in the mouse and
        their modulation by the estrous cycle.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:9488439
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:9488439
      supporting_text: Two members of the Tcf family implicated in Wnt/beta-catenin
        signaling during embryogenesis in the mouse.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:9554852
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:9554852
      supporting_text: Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with
        beta-catenin, APC, and GSK3beta.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:30659184
  review:
    summary: The cited HPIP/PBXIP1 paper does not support beta-catenin nuclear localization.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: PMID:30659184 describes HPIP/PBXIP1 potentiating LEF1-dependent Wnt target
      transcription in osteoarthritis and does not provide evidence for Ctnnb1/beta-catenin
      localization.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:30659184
      supporting_text: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage
        degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:11731231
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11731231
      supporting_text: Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin
        during the development of hair follicle-derived structures.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:11731265
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11731265
      supporting_text: Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of beta-catenin
        in the developing mouse lung.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:11872843
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11872843
      supporting_text: Colorectal cancer in mice genetically deficient in the mucin
        Muc2.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12874278
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12874278
      supporting_text: The PDZ protein tax-interacting protein-1 inhibits beta-catenin
        transcriptional activity and growth of colorectal cancer cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12885771
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12885771
      supporting_text: beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal
        cell fate during lung morphogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12923052
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12923052
      supporting_text: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor
        signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15371327
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15371327
      supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and necessary for
        synovial joint formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15574752
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15574752
      supporting_text: Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in
        tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15778706
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15778706
      supporting_text: Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal
        crypts.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866163
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from
        differentiating into chondrocytes.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15866165
      supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls
        osteoclast differentiation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16439479
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16439479
      supporting_text: Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by limiting
        mesenchymal Wnt signaling and promoting extracellular matrix production.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16489008
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16489008
      supporting_text: Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell cycle
        progression.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16678815
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16678815
      supporting_text: Lef1 is required for the transition of Wnt signaling from
        mesenchymal to epithelial cells in the mouse embryonic mammary gland.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16858399
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16858399
      supporting_text: C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex neural precursor
        population.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16989802
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16989802
      supporting_text: Levels of mesenchymal FGFR2 signaling modulate smooth muscle
        progenitor cell commitment in the lung.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17128274
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17128274
      supporting_text: Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17560563
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17560563
      supporting_text: Fgf10 dosage is critical for the amplification of epithelial cell
        progenitors and for the formation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17596282
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17596282
      supporting_text: Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor suppression upon
        Apc inactivation in the pancreas.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17615359
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17615359
      supporting_text: Regulation of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis through the
        adaptor protein MyD88.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:18978355
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18978355
      supporting_text: Overexpression of TEAD-1 in transgenic mouse striated muscles
        produces a slower skeletal muscle contractile phenotype.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19213727
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19213727
      supporting_text: Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization through
        R-spondin 2.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19497282
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19497282
      supporting_text: Wnt7a activates the planar cell polarity pathway to drive the
        symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19796622
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19796622
      supporting_text: Uncovering early response of gene regulatory networks in ESCs by
        systematic induction of transcription factors.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19850029
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19850029
      supporting_text: A critical role for sFRP proteins in maintaining caudal neural
        tube closure in mice via inhibition of BMP signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:21991325
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21991325
      supporting_text: RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia
        differentiation and entry into meiosis in the mouse fetal ovary.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22665494
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22665494
      supporting_text: mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt
        signaling through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in mouse spermatogonial cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23266329
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23266329
      supporting_text: Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus formation and initiation of
        cytodifferentiation in the embryonic intestinal epithelium.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23610556
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23610556
      supporting_text: A positive feedback loop involving Gcm1 and Fzd5 directs
        chorionic branching morphogenesis in the placenta.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23740243
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23740243
      supporting_text: Activation of the transcription factor GLI1 by WNT signaling
        underlies the role of SULFATASE 2 as a regulator of tissue regeneration.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:25535395
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25535395
      supporting_text: Notch inhibition induces mitotically generated hair cells in
        mammalian cochleae via activating the Wnt pathway.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:30659184
  review:
    summary: The cited HPIP/PBXIP1 paper does not support beta-catenin nuclear localization.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: PMID:30659184 describes HPIP/PBXIP1 potentiating LEF1-dependent Wnt target
      transcription in osteoarthritis and does not provide evidence for Ctnnb1/beta-catenin
      localization.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:30659184
      supporting_text: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage
        degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:31222549
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:31222549
      supporting_text: The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits normal bone phenotype.
- term:
    id: GO:0005667
    label: transcription regulator complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12464179
      supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway
        mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005667
    label: transcription regulator complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12861022
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12861022
      supporting_text: T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse TCF-4,
        synergizes with beta-catenin to coactivate C/EBPalpha and steroidogenic factor 1
        transcription factors.
- term:
    id: GO:0005667
    label: transcription regulator complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16678101
      supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events
        dictate cell-lineage determination.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:30659184
  review:
    summary: The cited HPIP/PBXIP1 paper does not support beta-catenin cytoplasmic localization.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: PMID:30659184 describes HPIP/PBXIP1 potentiating LEF1-dependent Wnt target
      transcription in osteoarthritis and does not provide evidence for Ctnnb1/beta-catenin
      localization.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:30659184
      supporting_text: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage
        degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:11731231
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11731231
      supporting_text: Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin
        during the development of hair follicle-derived structures.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:11731265
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11731265
      supporting_text: Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of beta-catenin
        in the developing mouse lung.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12235125
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12235125
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream
        target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12923052
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12923052
      supporting_text: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor
        signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14981260
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14981260
      supporting_text: Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Axin regulates subcellular
        localization of beta-catenin.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15525667
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15525667
      supporting_text: Stabilization of beta-catenin in the mouse zygote leads to
        premature epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the epiblast.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15574752
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15574752
      supporting_text: Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in
        tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16489008
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16489008
      supporting_text: Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell cycle
        progression.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17128274
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17128274
      supporting_text: Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19213727
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19213727
      supporting_text: Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization through
        R-spondin 2.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:30659184
  review:
    summary: The cited HPIP/PBXIP1 paper does not support beta-catenin cytoplasmic localization.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: PMID:30659184 describes HPIP/PBXIP1 potentiating LEF1-dependent Wnt target
      transcription in osteoarthritis and does not provide evidence for Ctnnb1/beta-catenin
      localization.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:30659184
      supporting_text: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage
        degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12055200
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12055200
      supporting_text: Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15673614
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15673614
      supporting_text: Wnt10b deficiency promotes coexpression of myogenic and
        adipogenic programs in myoblasts.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12040017
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12040017
      supporting_text: 'Mouse mammary epithelial cells express the Na-K-Cl cotransporter,
        NKCC1: characterization, localization, and involvement in ductal development and morphogenesis.'
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16418220
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16418220
      supporting_text: Desmocollin 3 is required for pre-implantation development of the
        mouse embryo.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16740478
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16740478
      supporting_text: Apc tumor suppressor gene is the "zonation-keeper" of mouse
        liver.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16858399
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16858399
      supporting_text: C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex neural precursor
        population.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16962386
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16962386
      supporting_text: 'Tissue, cellular and sub-cellular localization of the Vangl2 protein
        during embryonic development: effect of the Lp mutation.'
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17596282
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17596282
      supporting_text: Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor suppression upon
        Apc inactivation in the pancreas.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:19966784
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19966784
      supporting_text: Sec24b selectively sorts Vangl2 to regulate planar cell polarity
        during neural tube closure.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23266329
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23266329
      supporting_text: Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus formation and initiation of
        cytodifferentiation in the embryonic intestinal epithelium.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:8853988
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8853988
      supporting_text: Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during
        mouse preimplantation development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12181493
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12181493
      supporting_text: TCL1 participates in early embryonic development and is
        overexpressed in human seminomas.
- term:
    id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14597196
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14597196
      supporting_text: Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog suppresses embryonic hair
        follicle morphogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:18816447
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18816447
      supporting_text: 'Diverse roles of E-cadherin in the morphogenesis of the submandibular
        gland: insights into the formation of acinar and ductal structures.'
- term:
    id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: PMID:19151727
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19151727
      supporting_text: Regulation of cardiovascular development and integrity by the
        heart of glass-cerebral cavernous malformation protein pathway.
- term:
    id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20089884
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20089884
      supporting_text: Milk secretion and ejection are impaired in the mammary gland of
        mice harboring a Cx43 mutant while expression and localization of tight and
        adherens junction proteins remain unchanged.
- term:
    id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:21377456
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21377456
      supporting_text: Grainyhead-like 2 regulates neural tube closure and adhesion
        molecule expression during neural fold fusion.
- term:
    id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24191021
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24191021
      supporting_text: Sox9 plays multiple roles in the lung epithelium during branching
        morphogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:9950951
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:9950951
      supporting_text: Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of apical brush
        border actin in cystic tubules of bcl-2 -/- mice.
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:11731229
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11731229
      supporting_text: FAM deubiquitylating enzyme is essential for preimplantation
        mouse embryo development.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12203715
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12203715
      supporting_text: Localization of the novel Xin protein to the adherens junction
        complex in cardiac and skeletal muscle during development.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12695331
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12695331
      supporting_text: NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by
        destabilizing adherens junctions.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14657280
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14657280
      supporting_text: 'Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell responses
        to cadherin activation relying on distinct signalling pathways.'
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15148305
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15148305
      supporting_text: Mammalian Fat1 cadherin regulates actin dynamics and cell-cell
        contact.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15292239
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15292239
      supporting_text: Defects in cell adhesion and the visceral endoderm following
        ablation of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A in mice.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15645444
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15645444
      supporting_text: Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon embryonic
        development.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15775979
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15775979
      supporting_text: E-cadherin is essential for in vivo epidermal barrier function by
        regulating tight junctions.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16199027
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16199027
      supporting_text: Vezatin, a protein associated to adherens junctions, is required
        for mouse blastocyst morphogenesis.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16892058
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16892058
      supporting_text: The Rho-GTPase cdc42 regulates neural progenitor fate at the
        apical surface.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17544522
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17544522
      supporting_text: Targeted disruption of the murine large nuclear KIAA1440/Ints1
        protein causes growth arrest in early blastocyst stage embryos and eventual
        apoptotic cell death.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:21991385
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21991385
      supporting_text: Adhesion protein VSIG1 is required for the proper differentiation
        of glandular gastric epithelia.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23824574
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23824574
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is
        essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:26787558
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:26787558
      supporting_text: SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens junction
        stability and reduced cranial neural crest cell delamination.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:29211732
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29211732
      supporting_text: The mouse Jhy gene regulates ependymal cell differentiation and
        ciliogenesis.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005916
    label: fascia adherens
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16481394
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16481394
      supporting_text: 'The transitional junction: a new functional subcellular domain at
        the intercalated disc.'
- term:
    id: GO:0005923
    label: bicellular tight junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17130295
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17130295
      supporting_text: Distinct subdomain organization and molecular composition of a
        tight junction with adherens junction features.
- term:
    id: GO:0014704
    label: intercalated disc
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17535849
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17535849
      supporting_text: A unique and specific interaction between alphaT-catenin and
        plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the mixed-type junctional structure of
        cardiac intercalated discs.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:11731231
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11731231
      supporting_text: Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin
        during the development of hair follicle-derived structures.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12055200
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12055200
      supporting_text: Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12432063
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12432063
      supporting_text: Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-catenin
        with alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12611902
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12611902
      supporting_text: Regulation of the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase by a novel
        cholesterol- and cell confluence-dependent mechanism.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14657280
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14657280
      supporting_text: 'Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell responses
        to cadherin activation relying on distinct signalling pathways.'
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15987773
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15987773
      supporting_text: Forkhead box A1 regulates prostate ductal morphogenesis and
        promotes epithelial cell maturation.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16364283
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16364283
      supporting_text: Hex homeobox gene controls the transition of the endoderm to a
        pseudostratified, cell emergent epithelium for liver bud development.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:21991325
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21991325
      supporting_text: RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia
        differentiation and entry into meiosis in the mouse fetal ovary.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22139371
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22139371
      supporting_text: Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3 (Bbs3) knockout mouse model reveals
        common BBS-associated phenotypes and Bbs3 unique phenotypes.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:8821035
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8821035
      supporting_text: Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic development and in
        adult tissues.
- term:
    id: GO:0016323
    label: basolateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12885771
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12885771
      supporting_text: beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal
        cell fate during lung morphogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0016323
    label: basolateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14625387
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14625387
      supporting_text: Foxj1 is required for apical localization of ezrin in airway
        epithelial cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0016323
    label: basolateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15226261
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15226261
      supporting_text: Orpk mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential
        role of primary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization.
- term:
    id: GO:0016323
    label: basolateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17671182
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17671182
      supporting_text: Haploinsufficiency of Krüppel-like factor 4 promotes adenomatous
        polyposis coli dependent intestinal tumorigenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0016323
    label: basolateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20016102
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20016102
      supporting_text: The small GTPase Rac1 regulates auditory hair cell morphogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0016323
    label: basolateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20089884
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20089884
      supporting_text: Milk secretion and ejection are impaired in the mammary gland of
        mice harboring a Cx43 mutant while expression and localization of tight and
        adherens junction proteins remain unchanged.
- term:
    id: GO:0016323
    label: basolateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:9950951
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:9950951
      supporting_text: Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of apical brush
        border actin in cystic tubules of bcl-2 -/- mice.
- term:
    id: GO:0016327
    label: apicolateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:29211732
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:29211732
      supporting_text: The mouse Jhy gene regulates ependymal cell differentiation and
        ciliogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0016328
    label: lateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000008
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0016328
    label: lateral plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15645444
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15645444
      supporting_text: Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon embryonic
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0016342
    label: catenin complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:8853988
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8853988
      supporting_text: Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during
        mouse preimplantation development.
- term:
    id: GO:0030018
    label: Z disc
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:8821035
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8821035
      supporting_text: Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic development and in
        adult tissues.
- term:
    id: GO:0030027
    label: lamellipodium
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14657280
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14657280
      supporting_text: 'Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell responses
        to cadherin activation relying on distinct signalling pathways.'
- term:
    id: GO:0030877
    label: beta-catenin destruction complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:10318824
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10318824
      supporting_text: Functional domains of axin. Importance of the C terminus as an
        oligomerization domain.
- term:
    id: GO:0031253
    label: cell projection membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16621792
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16621792
      supporting_text: 'Membrane localization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein at cellular
        protrusions: targeting sequences and regulation by beta-catenin.'
- term:
    id: GO:0031528
    label: microvillus membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16439479
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16439479
      supporting_text: Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by limiting
        mesenchymal Wnt signaling and promoting extracellular matrix production.
- term:
    id: GO:0032991
    label: protein-containing complex
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: PMID:22083958
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22083958
      supporting_text: Histone H1 recruitment by CHD8 is essential for suppression of
        the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.
- term:
    id: GO:0043296
    label: apical junction complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16249236
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16249236
      supporting_text: Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positioning
        of an actomyosin network.
- term:
    id: GO:0043296
    label: apical junction complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17130295
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17130295
      supporting_text: Distinct subdomain organization and molecular composition of a
        tight junction with adherens junction features.
- term:
    id: GO:0043296
    label: apical junction complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17666436
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17666436
      supporting_text: Shroom2, a myosin-VIIa- and actin-binding protein, directly
        interacts with ZO-1 at tight junctions.
- term:
    id: GO:0045177
    label: apical part of cell
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:14758363
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14758363
      supporting_text: The hyh mutation uncovers roles for alpha Snap in apical protein
        localization and control of neural cell fate.
- term:
    id: GO:0045177
    label: apical part of cell
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15037549
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15037549
      supporting_text: Loss of cell polarity causes severe brain dysplasia in Lgl1
        knockout mice.
- term:
    id: GO:0045177
    label: apical part of cell
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16249236
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16249236
      supporting_text: Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positioning
        of an actomyosin network.
- term:
    id: GO:0045177
    label: apical part of cell
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23863479
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23863479
      supporting_text: Tumor suppressor Nf2 limits expansion of the neural progenitor
        pool by inhibiting Yap/Taz transcriptional coactivators.
- term:
    id: GO:0045294
    label: alpha-catenin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12432063
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12432063
      supporting_text: Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-catenin
        with alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: ISO
  original_reference_id: PMID:10330403
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10330403
      supporting_text: Domains of axin involved in protein-protein interactions, Wnt
        pathway inhibition, and intracellular localization.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15023525
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15023525
      supporting_text: Ksp-cadherin is a functional cell-cell adhesion molecule related
        to LI-cadherin.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15057752
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15057752
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is temporally regulated during normal liver
        development.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:8853988
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:8853988
      supporting_text: Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during
        mouse preimplantation development.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0061629
    label: RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16678101
      supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events
        dictate cell-lineage determination.
- term:
    id: GO:0061629
    label: RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22665494
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22665494
      supporting_text: mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt
        signaling through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in mouse spermatogonial cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0140677
    label: molecular function activator activity
  evidence_type: EXP
  original_reference_id: PMID:21075118
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21075118
      supporting_text: Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin
        interactions with nonphosphorylated and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
- term:
    id: GO:0021854
    label: hypothalamus development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:32868762
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32868762
      supporting_text: The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic patterning
        and differentiation from embryonic to late postnatal development.
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:32868762
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:32868762
      supporting_text: The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic patterning
        and differentiation from embryonic to late postnatal development.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9773219
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860515
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860560
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860569
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9863577
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-NUL-9761463
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:30389919
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:30389919
      supporting_text: ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal stem
        cell niche.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:30389919
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:30389919
      supporting_text: ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal stem
        cell niche.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9735211
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9754284
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9793864
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9794042
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9823738
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824206
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824277
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824278
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0140297
    label: DNA-binding transcription factor binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22723415
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and
        cancer cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20399730
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20399730
      supporting_text: The apical complex couples cell fate and cell survival to
        cerebral cortical development.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:17920587
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17920587
      supporting_text: FERM protein EPB41L5 is a novel member of the mammalian CRB-MPP5
        polarity complex.
- term:
    id: GO:1990907
    label: beta-catenin-TCF complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20371816
      supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1
        calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
- term:
    id: GO:0032968
    label: positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:30478225
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:30478225
      supporting_text: TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in
        patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:30478225
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:30478225
      supporting_text: TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in
        patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15110721
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15110721
      supporting_text: Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to promote
        neurogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:15110721
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15110721
      supporting_text: Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to promote
        neurogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:31073040
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:31073040
      supporting_text: LMBR1L regulates lymphopoiesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24338362
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24338362
      supporting_text: POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin motor complex.
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:15314168
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15314168
      supporting_text: Cyclin D1 genetic heterozygosity regulates colonic epithelial
        cell differentiation and tumor number in ApcMin mice.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:26371318
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:26371318
      supporting_text: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical
        neurogenesis.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:26371318
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:26371318
      supporting_text: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical
        neurogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:26371318
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:26371318
      supporting_text: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical
        neurogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0050768
    label: negative regulation of neurogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:26371318
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:26371318
      supporting_text: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical
        neurogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:2000179
    label: positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:26371318
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:26371318
      supporting_text: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical
        neurogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0003682
    label: chromatin binding
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20371816
      supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1
        calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
- term:
    id: GO:1990907
    label: beta-catenin-TCF complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:9488439
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:9488439
      supporting_text: Two members of the Tcf family implicated in Wnt/beta-catenin
        signaling during embryogenesis in the mouse.
- term:
    id: GO:1990138
    label: neuron projection extension
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:25232112
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25232112
      supporting_text: Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis by
        controlling subcellular N-cadherin localization.
- term:
    id: GO:0045202
    label: synapse
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:25232112
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25232112
      supporting_text: Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis by
        controlling subcellular N-cadherin localization.
- term:
    id: GO:0016525
    label: negative regulation of angiogenesis
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:25961718
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25961718
      supporting_text: Resveratrol-Induced Vascular Progenitor Differentiation towards
        Endothelial Lineage via MiR-21/Akt/β-Catenin Is Protective in Vessel Graft
        Models.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24681597
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24681597
      supporting_text: Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate
        cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
- term:
    id: GO:0005737
    label: cytoplasm
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24681597
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24681597
      supporting_text: Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate
        cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
- term:
    id: GO:0051884
    label: regulation of timing of anagen
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24681597
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24681597
      supporting_text: Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate
        cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
- term:
    id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24681597
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24681597
      supporting_text: Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate
        cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0016342
    label: catenin complex
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11121423
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11121423
      supporting_text: The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absence of
        beta-catenin. A possible mechanism for regulating cadherin turnover.
- term:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11121423
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11121423
      supporting_text: The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absence of
        beta-catenin. A possible mechanism for regulating cadherin turnover.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0097718
    label: disordered domain specific binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11121423
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11121423
      supporting_text: The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absence of
        beta-catenin. A possible mechanism for regulating cadherin turnover.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20371816
      supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1
        calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20371816
      supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1
        calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
- term:
    id: GO:0016020
    label: membrane
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20371816
      supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1
        calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20371816
      supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1
        calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:25979161
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25979161
      supporting_text: Transmembrane protein 64 reciprocally regulates osteoblast and
        adipocyte differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:1904948
    label: midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19122665
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19122665
      supporting_text: Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate
        neurogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22645310
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22645310
      supporting_text: Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via
        β-catenin.
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22645310
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22645310
      supporting_text: Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via
        β-catenin.
- term:
    id: GO:0019899
    label: enzyme binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22645310
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22645310
      supporting_text: Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via
        β-catenin.
- term:
    id: GO:1904888
    label: cranial skeletal system development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11262227
      supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated
        deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0030901
    label: midbrain development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11262227
      supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated
        deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0030902
    label: hindbrain development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11262227
      supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated
        deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:0061550
    label: cranial ganglion development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11262227
      supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated
        deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:1990403
    label: embryonic brain development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11262227
      supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated
        deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:1990791
    label: dorsal root ganglion development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11262227
      supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated
        deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial
        development.
- term:
    id: GO:1990909
    label: Wnt signalosome
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22899650
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22899650
      supporting_text: LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytosolic
        proteins and membrane-localized LRP6.
- term:
    id: GO:0019901
    label: protein kinase binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:22899650
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22899650
      supporting_text: LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytosolic
        proteins and membrane-localized LRP6.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:15908431
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:15908431
      supporting_text: MAGI1 recruits Dll1 to cadherin-based adherens junctions and
        stabilizes it on the cell surface.
- term:
    id: GO:0010629
    label: negative regulation of gene expression
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19122665
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0006357
      label: regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19122665
      supporting_text: Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate
        neurogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0030182
    label: neuron differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:25009587
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:25009587
      supporting_text: Depletion of canonical Wnt signaling components has a
        neuroprotective effect on midbrain dopaminergic neurons in an MPTP-induced mouse
        model of Parkinson's disease.
- term:
    id: GO:0016600
    label: flotillin complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:24046456
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:24046456
      supporting_text: Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell
        junctions.
- term:
    id: GO:0000791
    label: euchromatin
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22723415
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and
        cancer cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0005667
    label: transcription regulator complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:22723415
      supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and
        cancer cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0002052
    label: positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:21325504
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21325504
      supporting_text: Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervation
        during sympathetic nervous system development.
- term:
    id: GO:0045976
    label: negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:21325504
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21325504
      supporting_text: Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervation
        during sympathetic nervous system development.
- term:
    id: GO:0061549
    label: sympathetic ganglion development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:21325504
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21325504
      supporting_text: Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervation
        during sympathetic nervous system development.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:23856522
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23856522
      supporting_text: Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and cardiovascular differentiation of
        embryonic stem cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:23856522
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23856522
      supporting_text: Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and cardiovascular differentiation of
        embryonic stem cells.
- term:
    id: GO:0016922
    label: nuclear receptor binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:14687547
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:14687547
      supporting_text: RORalpha coordinates reciprocal signaling in cerebellar
        development through sonic hedgehog and calcium-dependent pathways.
- term:
    id: GO:0033234
    label: negative regulation of protein sumoylation
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0048643
    label: positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:23460868
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:23460868
      supporting_text: β-catenin is essential for efficient in vitro premyogenic
        mesoderm formation but can be partially compensated by retinoic acid signalling.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:11590244
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:11590244
      supporting_text: 'alphaT-catenin: a novel tissue-specific beta-catenin-binding protein
        mediating strong cell-cell adhesion.'
- term:
    id: GO:0036023
    label: embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis
  evidence_type: IGI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21262216
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21262216
      supporting_text: The zinc finger transcription factors Osr1 and Osr2 control
        synovial joint formation.
- term:
    id: GO:0045294
    label: alpha-catenin binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:21393547
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:21393547
      supporting_text: A polarized epithelium organized by beta- and alpha-catenin
        predates cadherin and metazoan origins.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:18636119
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:18636119
      supporting_text: Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) mediates
        atrioventricular-node function and connexin 45 localization in the murine heart.
- term:
    id: GO:0072182
    label: regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19112489
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19112489
      supporting_text: Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin signaling to prevent
        ectopic metanephric kidney induction.
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:19112489
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19112489
      supporting_text: Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin signaling to prevent
        ectopic metanephric kidney induction.
- term:
    id: GO:0071944
    label: cell periphery
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005938
    label: cell cortex
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0007155
    label: cell adhesion
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0008285
    label: negative regulation of cell population proliferation
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0010909
    label: positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0016342
    label: catenin complex
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0030054
    label: cell junction
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0030877
    label: beta-catenin destruction complex
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0030997
    label: regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0032355
    label: response to estradiol
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0032993
    label: protein-DNA complex
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0034333
    label: adherens junction assembly
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0034394
    label: protein localization to cell surface
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0043065
    label: positive regulation of apoptotic process
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0048471
    label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0048660
    label: regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0061154
    label: endothelial tube morphogenesis
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0070369
    label: beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
- term:
    id: GO:0071363
    label: cellular response to growth factor stimulus
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: The annotation is misleading as a direct beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in this pathway as the GO term
      implies.
- term:
    id: GO:0071681
    label: cellular response to indole-3-methanol
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: The annotation is misleading as a direct beta-catenin function.
    action: REMOVE
    reason: The cited biology describes pathway crosstalk or upstream/downstream
      effects, not direct participation of beta-catenin in this pathway as the GO term
      implies.
- term:
    id: GO:0090279
    label: regulation of calcium ion import
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:2000008
    label: regulation of protein localization to cell surface
  evidence_type: ISS
  original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20802155
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20802155
      supporting_text: Sox17 modulates Wnt3A/beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional
        activation of the Lef-1 promoter.
- term:
    id: GO:0034750
    label: Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:16611247
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16611247
      supporting_text: Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified as a target
        of high-risk HPV E6 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, interacts with
        adenomatous polyposis coli.
- term:
    id: GO:0005813
    label: centrosome
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:20300119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20300119
      supporting_text: Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates centrosome cohesion.
- term:
    id: GO:0070602
    label: regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
  evidence_type: IMP
  original_reference_id: PMID:20300119
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20300119
      supporting_text: Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates centrosome cohesion.
- term:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12949260
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12949260
      supporting_text: Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular vasculature and
        inhibits testosterone synthesis by repressing steroidogenic factor
        1/beta-catenin synergy.
    - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
      supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell
        adhesion and Wnt signaling
- term:
    id: GO:0045893
    label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
  evidence_type: IDA
  original_reference_id: PMID:12949260
  review:
    summary: The existing annotation is directionally correct but too broad for
      beta-catenin.
    action: MODIFY
    reason: The replacement term better captures beta-catenin's canonical Wnt
      transcriptional coactivator role or cadherin-mediated adhesion role.
    proposed_replacement_terms:
    - id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:12949260
      supporting_text: Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular vasculature and
        inhibits testosterone synthesis by repressing steroidogenic factor
        1/beta-catenin synergy.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:20413591
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20413591
      supporting_text: The TRPV4 channel contributes to intercellular junction formation
        in keratinocytes.
- term:
    id: GO:0003223
    label: ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20299672
      supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary
        vasculogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0010718
    label: positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20299672
      supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary
        vasculogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0060038
    label: cardiac muscle cell proliferation
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20299672
      supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary
        vasculogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0060485
    label: mesenchyme development
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20299672
      supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary
        vasculogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0060947
    label: cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20299672
      supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary
        vasculogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0060982
    label: coronary artery morphogenesis
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20299672
      supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary
        vasculogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0060983
    label: epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20299672
      supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary
        vasculogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0072132
    label: mesenchyme morphogenesis
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:20299672
      supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary
        vasculogenesis.
- term:
    id: GO:0140297
    label: DNA-binding transcription factor binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:17331723
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:17331723
      supporting_text: Inhibitory Gli3 activity negatively regulates Wnt/beta-catenin
        signaling.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16611247
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16611247
      supporting_text: Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified as a target
        of high-risk HPV E6 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, interacts with
        adenomatous polyposis coli.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:19458197
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:19458197
      supporting_text: Scribble interacts with beta-catenin to localize synaptic
        vesicles to synapses.
- term:
    id: GO:0005515
    label: protein binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:10954424
  review:
    summary: The term is vague or too generic relative to beta-catenin mechanism.
    action: MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED
    reason: This annotation obscures the informative partner-specific adhesion or
      transcriptional coactivator functions and should not be retained as a main
      functional term.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:10954424
      supporting_text: The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity
        protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1.
- term:
    id: GO:0019903
    label: protein phosphatase binding
  evidence_type: IPI
  original_reference_id: PMID:16973135
  review:
    summary: Supported tissue- or context-specific consequence of beta-catenin function.
    action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
    reason: The annotation is compatible with beta-catenin biology, but it reflects
      developmental patterning, proliferation, differentiation, synaptic, or tissue
      homeostasis outcomes downstream of the core adhesion/Wnt roles.
    supported_by:
    - reference_id: PMID:16973135
      supporting_text: Intracellular substrates of brain-enriched receptor protein
        tyrosine phosphatase rho (RPTPrho/PTPRT).
- term:
    id: GO:0005829
    label: cytosol
  evidence_type: TAS
  original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-209096
  review:
    summary: Supported core beta-catenin adhesion/Wnt function or direct
      localization/complex.
    action: ACCEPT
    reason: The term maps to beta-catenin cadherin-catenin junction function or
      canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivator function.
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000008
  title: Gene Ontology annotation by the MGI curatorial staff, curated orthology
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10662781
  title: Requirement for beta-catenin in anterior-posterior axis formation in mice.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11371349
  title: beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell differentiation
    in the skin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12194849
  title: Formation of multiple hearts in mice following deletion of beta-catenin in the
    embryonic endoderm.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12235125
  title: Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream target
    Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12464179
  title: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway mediating
    cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12717450
  title: A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12813461
  title: Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces hyperplasias and
    squamous transdifferentiation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12885771
  title: beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal cell fate during
    lung morphogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12923052
  title: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor signaling during
    formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12975353
  title: The conditional inactivation of the beta-catenin gene in endothelial cells
    causes a defective vascular pattern and increased vascular fragility.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14608382
  title: Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14622577
  title: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic assembly.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15131783
  title: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal
    tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15708565
  title: Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specification of the mouse
    telencephalon.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15866163
  title: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating
    into chondrocytes.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15866165
  title: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast
    differentiation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15907834
  title: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF signaling to
    regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16040629
  title: Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithelial cells in vivo.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16102745
  title: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis and signaling
    suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16478791
  title: APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferation induced by RAS.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16621792
  title: 'Membrane localization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein at cellular protrusions:
    targeting sequences and regulation by beta-catenin.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16818445
  title: Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of Ihh during
    chondrogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17537789
  title: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during mouse kidney
    development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17706960
  title: Persistent expression of stabilized beta-catenin delays maturation of radial
    glial cells into intermediate progenitors.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18231602
  title: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung
    development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18533146
  title: An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18635608
  title: Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external genitalia development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19023080
  title: Canonical Wnt signaling regulates organ-specific assembly and differentiation
    of CNS vasculature.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19060336
  title: A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial cell division
    and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian kidney.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19129494
  title: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-CNS, angiogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19154719
  title: Nrarp coordinates endothelial Notch and Wnt signaling to control vessel density
    in angiogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19204372
  title: Both the RGS domain and the six C-terminal amino acids of mouse Axin are
    required for normal embryogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19503085
  title: HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by disrupting the
    beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19619491
  title: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling
    pathways in hair follicle induction.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19620969
  title: A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines cardiac
    progenitor cell fate.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19690384
  title: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung
    via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20043884
  title: Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within the Apical
    Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20454446
  title: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by inhibiting
    activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20503375
  title: Expression analysis of an evolutionarily conserved metallophosphodiesterase
    gene, Mpped1, in the normal and beta-catenin-deficient malformed dorsal
    telencephalon.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21937711
  title: ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the developing brain.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22102609
  title: Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural plate induces ectopic
    mid-hindbrain characteristics.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22723415
  title: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23824574
  title: Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is essential for
    organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25083995
  title: Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and barrier
    formation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:28463231
  title: Disruption of lineage specification in adult pulmonary mesenchymal progenitor
    cells promotes microvascular dysfunction.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:8582267
  title: Lack of beta-catenin affects mouse development at gastrulation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:9230313
  title: The mouse Fused locus encodes Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway
    that regulates embryonic axis formation.
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000107
  title: Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to
    orthologs using Ensembl Compara.
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000119
  title: Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to
    mouse-human orthologs.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10631168
  title: Hippocampus development and generation of dentate gyrus granule cells is
    regulated by LEF1.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12551949
  title: Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and beta-catenin inhibit Runx2-dependent
    transcriptional activation of the osteocalcin promoter.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12569130
  title: Ectodermal Wnt3/beta-catenin signaling is required for the establishment and
    maintenance of the apical ectodermal ridge.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15024079
  title: Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and is directly regulated by
    beta-catenin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15371327
  title: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and necessary for synovial joint
    formation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15576404
  title: Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in osteoblast development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15729346
  title: Pax3 functions at a nodal point in melanocyte stem cell differentiation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15778706
  title: Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal crypts.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15781477
  title: Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating mutations inhibits Wnt signaling and
    osteoblast differentiation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15802266
  title: Essential role of beta-catenin in postnatal bone acquisition.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16025118
  title: Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function disrupts thymic development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16192304
  title: Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but not islet development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16581771
  title: CCN1/Cyr61 is regulated by the canonical Wnt signal and plays an important role
    in Wnt3A-induced osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16678101
  title: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate
    cell-lineage determination.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16936075
  title: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 expression during
    somitogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17055474
  title: The stabilization of beta-catenin leads to impaired primordial germ cell
    development via aberrant cell cycle progression.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17128274
  title: Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17532316
  title: Essential roles of mesenchyme-derived beta-catenin in mouse Müllerian duct
    morphogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17767158
  title: Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt signaling requires ATF/CREB
    family-mediated transcriptional activation of TGFbeta2.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18316368
  title: Protein encoded by the Axin(Fu) allele effectively down-regulates Wnt signaling
    but exerts a dominant negative effect on c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18692041
  title: 'Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation: a novel mouse model for tracheal agenesis.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19056892
  title: A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent p27 turnover in
    mammary tumors.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19282366
  title: Genetic interactions of the androgen and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways for the
    masculinization of external genitalia.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19515974
  title: Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway inhibits timely myelination and remyelination
    in the mammalian CNS.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19686689
  title: Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and sufficient to specify lung
    progenitors in the foregut.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19718027
  title: Tcf3 and Tcf4 are essential for long-term homeostasis of skin epithelia.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19805295
  title: beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse foregut.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20159597
  title: Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue of a Wnt2-Gata6 pathway
    required for cardiac inflow tract development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20627076
  title: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway modulates vascular remodeling and specification by
    upregulating Dll4/Notch signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21075118
  title: Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin interactions with
    nonphosphorylated and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21750544
  title: The Wnt3a/β-catenin target gene Mesogenin1 controls the segmentation clock by
    activating a Notch signalling program.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22956852
  title: Integration of β-catenin, sirtuin, and FOXO signaling protects from mutant
    huntingtin toxicity.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24309208
  title: Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dermal condensates is required for hair follicle
    formation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:27713508
  title: Conditional Knockout of Breast Carcinoma Amplified Sequence 2 (BCAS2) in Mouse
    Forebrain Causes Dendritic Malformation via β-catenin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:31222549
  title: The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits normal bone phenotype.
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000024
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000043
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000096
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000117
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000120
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10318824
  title: Functional domains of axin. Importance of the C terminus as an oligomerization
    domain.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10330403
  title: Domains of axin involved in protein-protein interactions, Wnt pathway
    inhibition, and intracellular localization.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10481074
  title: A GSK3-binding peptide from FRAT1 selectively inhibits the GSK3-catalysed
    phosphorylation of axin and beta-catenin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10873669
  title: Identification of a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10882138
  title: Structure of the dimerization and beta-catenin-binding region of alpha-catenin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10898789
  title: Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:10954424
  title: The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR-6 is
    a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11104755
  title: Substitution of a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation site in
    presenilin 1 separates presenilin function from beta-catenin signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11121423
  title: The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absence of beta-catenin.
    A possible mechanism for regulating cadherin turnover.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11262227
  title: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in
    dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11348595
  title: The structure of the beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex and the molecular basis of
    diverse ligand recognition by beta-catenin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11590244
  title: 'alphaT-catenin: a novel tissue-specific beta-catenin-binding protein mediating strong
    cell-cell adhesion.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11731229
  title: FAM deubiquitylating enzyme is essential for preimplantation mouse embryo
    development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11731231
  title: Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin during the
    development of hair follicle-derived structures.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11731265
  title: Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of beta-catenin in the
    developing mouse lung.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:11872843
  title: Colorectal cancer in mice genetically deficient in the mucin Muc2.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12040017
  title: 'Mouse mammary epithelial cells express the Na-K-Cl cotransporter, NKCC1: characterization,
    localization, and involvement in ductal development and morphogenesis.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12055200
  title: Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12181493
  title: TCL1 participates in early embryonic development and is overexpressed in human
    seminomas.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12203715
  title: Localization of the novel Xin protein to the adherens junction complex in
    cardiac and skeletal muscle during development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12408825
  title: ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family transcription factors and
    the general coactivator p300 using independent structural modules.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12421363
  title: Axin negatively affects tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12432063
  title: Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-catenin with
    alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12494996
  title: Loss of desmoglein 2 suggests essential functions for early embryonic
    development and proliferation of embryonal stem cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12611902
  title: Regulation of the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase by a novel cholesterol- and cell
    confluence-dependent mechanism.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12695331
  title: NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by destabilizing adherens
    junctions.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12861022
  title: T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse TCF-4, synergizes with
    beta-catenin to coactivate C/EBPalpha and steroidogenic factor 1 transcription
    factors.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12874278
  title: The PDZ protein tax-interacting protein-1 inhibits beta-catenin transcriptional
    activity and growth of colorectal cancer cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:12949260
  title: Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular vasculature and inhibits
    testosterone synthesis by repressing steroidogenic factor 1/beta-catenin synergy.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14597196
  title: Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog suppresses embryonic hair follicle
    morphogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14625387
  title: Foxj1 is required for apical localization of ezrin in airway epithelial cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14647292
  title: Mammalian formin-1 participates in adherens junctions and polymerization of
    linear actin cables.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14657280
  title: 'Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell responses to cadherin activation
    relying on distinct signalling pathways.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14687547
  title: RORalpha coordinates reciprocal signaling in cerebellar development through
    sonic hedgehog and calcium-dependent pathways.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14691142
  title: alpha3beta1 integrin-CD151, a component of the cadherin-catenin complex,
    regulates PTPmu expression and cell-cell adhesion.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14758363
  title: The hyh mutation uncovers roles for alpha Snap in apical protein localization
    and control of neural cell fate.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14960280
  title: Ozz-E3, a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, regulates beta-catenin degradation
    during myogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:14981260
  title: Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Axin regulates subcellular localization of
    beta-catenin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15023525
  title: Ksp-cadherin is a functional cell-cell adhesion molecule related to
    LI-cadherin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15037549
  title: Loss of cell polarity causes severe brain dysplasia in Lgl1 knockout mice.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15057752
  title: Beta-catenin is temporally regulated during normal liver development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15110721
  title: Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to promote neurogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15148305
  title: Mammalian Fat1 cadherin regulates actin dynamics and cell-cell contact.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15226261
  title: Orpk mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential role of primary
    cilia in pancreatic tissue organization.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15292239
  title: Defects in cell adhesion and the visceral endoderm following ablation of
    nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A in mice.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15314168
  title: Cyclin D1 genetic heterozygosity regulates colonic epithelial cell
    differentiation and tumor number in ApcMin mice.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15327768
  title: Mechanism of phosphorylation-dependent binding of APC to beta-catenin and its
    role in beta-catenin degradation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15525667
  title: Stabilization of beta-catenin in the mouse zygote leads to premature
    epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the epiblast.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15574752
  title: Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in tumorigenesis
    induced by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15645444
  title: Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon embryonic development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15673614
  title: Wnt10b deficiency promotes coexpression of myogenic and adipogenic programs in
    myoblasts.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15775979
  title: E-cadherin is essential for in vivo epidermal barrier function by regulating
    tight junctions.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15834408
  title: The KIF3 motor transports N-cadherin and organizes the developing
    neuroepithelium.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15905404
  title: Functional interaction between beta-catenin and FOXO in oxidative stress
    signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15908431
  title: MAGI1 recruits Dll1 to cadherin-based adherens junctions and stabilizes it on
    the cell surface.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:15987773
  title: Forkhead box A1 regulates prostate ductal morphogenesis and promotes epithelial
    cell maturation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16199027
  title: Vezatin, a protein associated to adherens junctions, is required for mouse
    blastocyst morphogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16249236
  title: Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positioning of an
    actomyosin network.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16293619
  title: 'Thermodynamics of beta-catenin-ligand interactions: the roles of the N- and C-terminal
    tails in modulating binding affinity.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16364283
  title: Hex homeobox gene controls the transition of the endoderm to a
    pseudostratified, cell emergent epithelium for liver bud development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16368433
  title: Deficient E-cadherin adhesion in C57BL/6J-Min/+ mice is associated with
    increased tyrosine kinase activity and RhoA-dependent actomyosin contractility.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16418220
  title: Desmocollin 3 is required for pre-implantation development of the mouse embryo.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16439479
  title: Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by limiting mesenchymal Wnt
    signaling and promoting extracellular matrix production.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16481394
  title: 'The transitional junction: a new functional subcellular domain at the intercalated
    disc.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16489008
  title: Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell cycle progression.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16611247
  title: Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified as a target of high-risk
    HPV E6 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, interacts with adenomatous polyposis
    coli.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16678815
  title: Lef1 is required for the transition of Wnt signaling from mesenchymal to
    epithelial cells in the mouse embryonic mammary gland.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16740478
  title: Apc tumor suppressor gene is the "zonation-keeper" of mouse liver.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16858399
  title: C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex neural precursor population.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16892058
  title: The Rho-GTPase cdc42 regulates neural progenitor fate at the apical surface.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16962386
  title: 'Tissue, cellular and sub-cellular localization of the Vangl2 protein during embryonic
    development: effect of the Lp mutation.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16973135
  title: Intracellular substrates of brain-enriched receptor protein tyrosine
    phosphatase rho (RPTPrho/PTPRT).
  findings: []
- id: PMID:16989802
  title: Levels of mesenchymal FGFR2 signaling modulate smooth muscle progenitor cell
    commitment in the lung.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17130295
  title: Distinct subdomain organization and molecular composition of a tight junction
    with adherens junction features.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17331723
  title: Inhibitory Gli3 activity negatively regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17535849
  title: A unique and specific interaction between alphaT-catenin and plakophilin-2 in
    the area composita, the mixed-type junctional structure of cardiac intercalated
    discs.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17544522
  title: Targeted disruption of the murine large nuclear KIAA1440/Ints1 protein causes
    growth arrest in early blastocyst stage embryos and eventual apoptotic cell death.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17560563
  title: Fgf10 dosage is critical for the amplification of epithelial cell progenitors
    and for the formation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17596282
  title: Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor suppression upon Apc
    inactivation in the pancreas.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17615359
  title: Regulation of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis through the adaptor protein
    MyD88.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17666436
  title: Shroom2, a myosin-VIIa- and actin-binding protein, directly interacts with ZO-1
    at tight junctions.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17671182
  title: Haploinsufficiency of Krüppel-like factor 4 promotes adenomatous polyposis coli
    dependent intestinal tumorigenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:17920587
  title: FERM protein EPB41L5 is a novel member of the mammalian CRB-MPP5 polarity
    complex.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18202148
  title: Cooperative control via lymphoid enhancer factor 1/T cell factor 3 and estrogen
    receptor-alpha for uterine gene regulation by estrogen.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18632848
  title: SUMOylation target sites at the C terminus protect Axin from ubiquitination and
    confer protein stability.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18636119
  title: Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) mediates atrioventricular-node
    function and connexin 45 localization in the murine heart.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18816447
  title: 'Diverse roles of E-cadherin in the morphogenesis of the submandibular gland: insights
    into the formation of acinar and ductal structures.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:18978355
  title: Overexpression of TEAD-1 in transgenic mouse striated muscles produces a slower
    skeletal muscle contractile phenotype.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19107203
  title: Direct inhibition of GSK3beta by the phosphorylated cytoplasmic domain of LRP6
    in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19112489
  title: Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin signaling to prevent ectopic metanephric
    kidney induction.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19122665
  title: Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neurogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19151727
  title: Regulation of cardiovascular development and integrity by the heart of
    glass-cerebral cavernous malformation protein pathway.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19213727
  title: Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization through R-spondin 2.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19458197
  title: Scribble interacts with beta-catenin to localize synaptic vesicles to synapses.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19497282
  title: Wnt7a activates the planar cell polarity pathway to drive the symmetric
    expansion of satellite stem cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19725955
  title: Arginine methyltransferase CARM1/PRMT4 regulates endochondral ossification.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19796622
  title: Uncovering early response of gene regulatory networks in ESCs by systematic
    induction of transcription factors.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19850029
  title: A critical role for sFRP proteins in maintaining caudal neural tube closure in
    mice via inhibition of BMP signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:19966784
  title: Sec24b selectively sorts Vangl2 to regulate planar cell polarity during neural
    tube closure.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20016102
  title: The small GTPase Rac1 regulates auditory hair cell morphogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20089884
  title: Milk secretion and ejection are impaired in the mammary gland of mice harboring
    a Cx43 mutant while expression and localization of tight and adherens junction
    proteins remain unchanged.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20299672
  title: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20300119
  title: Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates centrosome cohesion.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20371816
  title: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1 calcium channel
    gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20399730
  title: The apical complex couples cell fate and cell survival to cerebral cortical
    development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20413591
  title: The TRPV4 channel contributes to intercellular junction formation in
    keratinocytes.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20531388
  title: Mutant huntingtin-impaired degradation of beta-catenin causes neurotoxicity in
    Huntington's disease.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20802155
  title: Sox17 modulates Wnt3A/beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation of the
    Lef-1 promoter.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:20837657
  title: Abelson family kinases regulate Frizzled planar cell polarity signaling via Dsh
    phosphorylation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21103407
  title: The leukemia-associated Mllt10/Af10-Dot1l are Tcf4/β-catenin coactivators
    essential for intestinal homeostasis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21262216
  title: The zinc finger transcription factors Osr1 and Osr2 control synovial joint
    formation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21325504
  title: Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervation during
    sympathetic nervous system development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21350016
  title: Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell expansion and
    differentiation during kidney development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21377456
  title: Grainyhead-like 2 regulates neural tube closure and adhesion molecule
    expression during neural fold fusion.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21393547
  title: A polarized epithelium organized by beta- and alpha-catenin predates cadherin
    and metazoan origins.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21512031
  title: Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocyte proliferation
    and heart size.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21552260
  title: Nemo kinase phosphorylates β-catenin to promote ommatidial rotation and
    connects core PCP factors to E-cadherin-β-catenin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21730140
  title: Ezrin-mediated apical integrity is required for intestinal homeostasis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21751375
  title: Functional analysis of novel phosphorylation sites of CREB-binding protein
    using mass spectrometry and mammalian two-hybrid assays.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21752258
  title: 'A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a candidate regulatory
    circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk: Therapeutical
    relevance for neuron survival and neuroprotection.'
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21991325
  title: RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia differentiation and entry
    into meiosis in the mouse fetal ovary.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:21991385
  title: Adhesion protein VSIG1 is required for the proper differentiation of glandular
    gastric epithelia.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22083958
  title: Histone H1 recruitment by CHD8 is essential for suppression of the
    Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22139371
  title: Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3 (Bbs3) knockout mouse model reveals common
    BBS-associated phenotypes and Bbs3 unique phenotypes.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22645310
  title: Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via β-catenin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22665494
  title: mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt signaling through its
    protein partner Ddx5/p68 in mouse spermatogonial cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:22899650
  title: LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytosolic proteins and
    membrane-localized LRP6.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23266329
  title: Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus formation and initiation of
    cytodifferentiation in the embryonic intestinal epithelium.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23273993
  title: Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and acquisition of
    stem-cell-like properties.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23377854
  title: Physiological role of β-catenin/TCF signaling in neurons of the adult brain.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23460868
  title: β-catenin is essential for efficient in vitro premyogenic mesoderm formation
    but can be partially compensated by retinoic acid signalling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23610556
  title: A positive feedback loop involving Gcm1 and Fzd5 directs chorionic branching
    morphogenesis in the placenta.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23740243
  title: Activation of the transcription factor GLI1 by WNT signaling underlies the role
    of SULFATASE 2 as a regulator of tissue regeneration.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23856522
  title: Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and cardiovascular differentiation of embryonic stem
    cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:23863479
  title: Tumor suppressor Nf2 limits expansion of the neural progenitor pool by
    inhibiting Yap/Taz transcriptional coactivators.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24046456
  title: Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junctions.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24191021
  title: Sox9 plays multiple roles in the lung epithelium during branching
    morphogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24338362
  title: POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin motor complex.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24681597
  title: Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cutaneous stem cell
    proliferation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:24847765
  title: From inception to output, Tcf1 and Lef1 safeguard development of T cells and
    innate immune cells.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25009587
  title: Depletion of canonical Wnt signaling components has a neuroprotective effect on
    midbrain dopaminergic neurons in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25232112
  title: Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis by controlling
    subcellular N-cadherin localization.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25535395
  title: Notch inhibition induces mitotically generated hair cells in mammalian cochleae
    via activating the Wnt pathway.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25873176
  title: TGIF governs a feed-forward network that empowers Wnt signaling to drive
    mammary tumorigenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25961718
  title: Resveratrol-Induced Vascular Progenitor Differentiation towards Endothelial
    Lineage via MiR-21/Akt/β-Catenin Is Protective in Vessel Graft Models.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:25979161
  title: Transmembrane protein 64 reciprocally regulates osteoblast and adipocyte
    differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:26371318
  title: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical neurogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:26787558
  title: SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens junction stability and reduced
    cranial neural crest cell delamination.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:26893351
  title: The transcription factor SOX6 contributes to the developmental origins of
    obesity by promoting adipogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:27015268
  title: Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for Tooth
    Development and Ameloblast Differentiation.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:27375112
  title: Antagonistic Regulation of Intercellular Cohesion by Plakophilins 1 and 3.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:28641114
  title: A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in
    Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:29148101
  title: Homeobox protein MSX-1 inhibits expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2,
    bone morphogenetic protein 4, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 via
    Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells
    during the late bell stage.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:29211732
  title: The mouse Jhy gene regulates ependymal cell differentiation and ciliogenesis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:30389919
  title: ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal stem cell niche.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:30478225
  title: TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in patterning and
    differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:30659184
  title: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage degeneration during
    the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:31073040
  title: LMBR1L regulates lymphopoiesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:32533114
  title: ADNP promotes neural differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:32868762
  title: The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic patterning and
    differentiation from embryonic to late postnatal development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:8555428
  title: Immunotoxicologic effects of ethylene dibromide in the mouse and their
    modulation by the estrous cycle.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:8821035
  title: Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic development and in adult tissues.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:8853988
  title: Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during mouse
    preimplantation development.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:8909549
  title: The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic junctions
    bordering transmitter release zones.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:9264463
  title: A specific domain in alpha-catenin mediates binding to beta-catenin or
    plakoglobin.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:9488439
  title: Two members of the Tcf family implicated in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during
    embryogenesis in the mouse.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:9554852
  title: Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with beta-catenin, APC,
    and GSK3beta.
  findings: []
- id: PMID:9950951
  title: Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of apical brush border actin in
    cystic tubules of bcl-2 -/- mice.
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-209096
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9735211
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9754284
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9773219
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9793864
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9794042
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9823738
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824206
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824277
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824278
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860515
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860560
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860569
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-MMU-9863577
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: Reactome:R-NUL-9761463
  title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
  findings: []
- id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research-falcon.md
  title: Falcon deep research synthesis for mouse Ctnnb1
  findings:
  - statement: >-
      Beta-catenin has two core molecular roles: cadherin-catenin adhesion
      at adherens junctions and canonical Wnt/TCF transcriptional coactivation.
    supporting_text: beta-catenin is widely characterized as a multifunctional protein
      that supports adherens junction integrity by binding the cytoplasmic tail of
      E-cadherin and acts as the central transcriptional effector of canonical
      Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
  - statement: Ctnnb1 is a non-enzymatic adaptor and transcriptional coactivator whose
      functions are driven by partner-specific protein interactions.
    supporting_text: Ctnnb1/beta-catenin is best annotated as a non-enzymatic adaptor
      and transcriptional co-activator whose primary molecular functions arise from
      protein-protein interactions rather than catalytic activity.
core_functions:
- description: Beta-catenin binds cadherins and alpha-catenin in adherens junctions to
    support cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0045296
    label: cadherin binding
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0098609
    label: cell-cell adhesion
  - id: GO:0044331
    label: cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005912
    label: adherens junction
  - id: GO:0005911
    label: cell-cell junction
  - id: GO:0005886
    label: plasma membrane
  in_complex:
    id: GO:0016342
    label: catenin complex
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
    supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the cadherin-catenin
      complex at adherens junctions
  - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research-falcon.md
    supporting_text: beta-catenin supports adherens junction integrity by binding the
      cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin and linking to alpha-catenin/actin-associated
      structures.
- description: Stabilized beta-catenin acts with TCF/LEF transcription factors as a
    transcriptional coactivator in canonical Wnt signaling.
  molecular_function:
    id: GO:0003713
    label: transcription coactivator activity
  directly_involved_in:
  - id: GO:0060070
    label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  - id: GO:0045944
    label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  locations:
  - id: GO:0005634
    label: nucleus
  - id: GO:0005654
    label: nucleoplasm
  in_complex:
    id: GO:1990907
    label: beta-catenin-TCF complex
  supported_by:
  - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
    supporting_text: In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF
      transcription factors
  - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research-falcon.md
    supporting_text: beta-catenin acts as the central transcriptional effector of
      canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, accumulating and entering the nucleus when
      stabilized to co-activate TCF/LEF-dependent transcription.
suggested_questions:
- question: How does β-catenin coordinate its dual roles in cell adhesion and Wnt
    signaling, and what mechanisms prevent crosstalk?
- question: What determines the tissue-specific requirements for β-catenin in
    development versus homeostasis?
- question: How do different β-catenin mutations lead to distinct developmental
    disorders and cancer types?
- question: What role does β-catenin play in stem cell maintenance and differentiation
    across different tissue types?
suggested_experiments:
- description: Single-cell RNA sequencing of tissues with conditional β-catenin knockout
    to map cell-type-specific transcriptional programs
- description: Super-resolution microscopy to study β-catenin dynamics between adherens
    junctions and the nucleus during Wnt signaling
- description: Cryo-EM structural determination of β-catenin in complex with different
    binding partners like cadherins and TCF/LEF
- description: Lineage tracing in mouse models to study β-catenin function in stem cell
    fate decisions during development and regeneration

Ctnnb1

Gene Description

Existing Annotations Review

Core Functions

Beta-catenin binds cadherins and alpha-catenin in adherens junctions to support cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion.

Stabilized beta-catenin acts with TCF/LEF transcription factors as a transcriptional coactivator in canonical Wnt signaling.

References

Suggested Questions for Experts

Suggested Experiments

📚 Additional Documentation

Deep Research

Deep Research Report: Ctnnb1 (mouse)

Ctnnb1 (β-Catenin) – Comprehensive Functional Profile

Gene Function and Molecular Mechanisms

Cellular Localization and Subcellular Components

Biological Processes Involvement

Protein Domains and Structural Features

Disease Associations and Phenotypes

Expression Patterns and Regulation

Evolutionary Conservation

Key Experimental Evidence and Literature

Relevant Gene Ontology (GO) Terms

Deep Research Bioreason

BioReason Chat Export

Thinking Trace

Functional Summary

UniProt Summary

InterPro Domains

GO Terms

Deep Research Bioreason Rl

BioReason Chat Export

Thinking Trace

Functional Summary

UniProt Summary

InterPro Domains

GO Terms

Deep Research Falcon

Question

Gene Research for Functional Annotation

⚠️ CRITICAL: Gene/Protein Identification Context

Target Gene/Protein Identity (from UniProt):

MANDATORY VERIFICATION STEPS:

If Gene Symbol is Ambiguous or You Cannot Find Relevant Literature:

Research Target:

Output

Gene Research for Functional Annotation

⚠️ CRITICAL: Gene/Protein Identification Context

Target Gene/Protein Identity (from UniProt):

MANDATORY VERIFICATION STEPS:

If Gene Symbol is Ambiguous or You Cannot Find Relevant Literature:

Research Target:

Research Report: Functional Annotation of mouse Ctnnb1 (β-catenin) (UniProt: Q02248)

1) Gene/protein identity verification (mandatory)

2) Key concepts and definitions (current understanding)

2.1 β-catenin as a “moonlighting” adhesion and signaling protein

2.2 Domain architecture and interaction logic

2.3 Canonical Wnt pathway: the destruction complex and β-catenin turnover

2.4 Subcellular localization

3) Recent developments and latest research (prioritizing 2023–2024)

3.1 2024: Discovery of an intestine-specific Ctnnb1 enhancer that controls Wnt dosage and tumorigenesis

3.2 2024: Immune-cell-specific β-catenin activation rewires ILC3 chromatin and promotes intestinal inflammation

3.3 2024: Junctional mechanotransduction context—β-catenin dependence via α-catenin binding

3.4 2024: Direct chemical tractability—covalent degraders of β-catenin

4) Current applications and real-world implementations

4.1 Functional genetics in mice: conditional loss/activation of Ctnnb1

4.2 Transcriptional readouts and pathway activity monitoring

4.3 Translational/biomedical implementation: targeting Wnt/β-catenin in cancer and immune contexts

5) Relevant statistics and data highlights (from recent studies)

Expert synthesis (authoritative interpretation grounded in sources)

Summary tables

Citations

Notes

Ctnnb1 Gene Review Notes

2025-01-14 - Major GOA Expansion Issue

Bioreason Rl Review

BioReason-Pro RL Review: Ctnnb1 (mouse)

Functional Summary Review

Notes on thinking trace

📄 View Raw YAML

🔗 Related Resources