Ctnnb1

UniProt ID: Q02248
Organism: Mus musculus
Review Status: IN PROGRESS
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Gene Description

Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell adhesion and Wnt signaling. At adherens junctions, it links E-cadherin to alpha-catenin and the actin cytoskeleton, maintaining epithelial integrity. In the canonical Wnt pathway, stabilized beta-catenin translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcriptional co-activator with TCF/LEF transcription factors, driving expression of genes controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate specification. The protein contains 12 Armadillo repeats that form a versatile protein interaction interface, an N-terminal regulatory domain with phosphorylation sites controlling stability, and a C-terminal transactivation domain required for gene regulation. Essential for embryonic development, beta-catenin is required for gastrulation, axis formation, and organogenesis. Loss-of-function mutations cause neurodevelopmental disorders while gain-of-function mutations drive oncogenesis.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0001525 angiogenesis
IMP
PMID:28463231
Disruption of lineage specification in adult pulmonary mesen... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin knockout mice show disrupted vasculature development, particularly in CNS angiogenesis. The referenced PMID:28463231 demonstrates that disruption of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling affects pulmonary mesenchymal progenitor cells and microvascular dysfunction. Beta-catenin's role in angiogenesis is mediated through canonical Wnt signaling which regulates endothelial cell differentiation and vessel formation.
Reason: While beta-catenin does participate in angiogenesis through Wnt signaling in endothelial cells, this represents a downstream developmental consequence of its core signaling function rather than a direct molecular role. The protein's primary functions are cell adhesion and transcriptional co-activation; angiogenesis is a tissue-specific developmental process that utilizes these core functions.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28463231
May 2. Disruption of lineage specification in adult pulmonary mesenchymal progenitor cells promotes microvascular dysfunction.
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
GO:0001708 cell fate specification
IMP
PMID:28463231
Disruption of lineage specification in adult pulmonary mesen... 		ACCEPT
Summary: Beta-catenin is essential for cell fate specification through its role as a transcriptional co-activator in canonical Wnt signaling. The protein partners with TCF/LEF transcription factors to drive expression of genes controlling cell differentiation and fate determination during development.
Reason: Cell fate specification is a well-established core function of beta-catenin through Wnt signaling. This represents one of its primary biological roles, directly mediated by its transcriptional co-activator function with TCF/LEF. Multiple studies confirm beta-catenin's essential role in determining cell fates across various tissues.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex that drives expression of Wnt target genes ... Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development
PMID:28463231
May 2. Disruption of lineage specification in adult pulmonary mesenchymal progenitor cells promotes microvascular dysfunction.
GO:0019221 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-... 		REMOVE
Summary: The referenced study shows reciprocal requirements between EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in hair follicle induction. While beta-catenin interacts with cytokine pathways, this represents crosstalk between signaling systems rather than beta-catenin directly mediating cytokine signals.
Reason: This annotation is too broad and misleading. Beta-catenin is not a direct mediator of cytokine signaling pathways. The cited paper describes crosstalk between Wnt/beta-catenin and NF-kappaB pathways in a specific developmental context, but this doesn't make beta-catenin a general cytokine signaling mediator. The core function is Wnt signaling, not cytokine signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway
GO:0002064 epithelial cell development
IMP
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens ... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The cited study on lens development shows beta-catenin is required for proper epithelial morphogenesis and cell behavior. Loss of beta-catenin disrupts coordinated epithelial cell behavior during lens morphogenesis. Beta-catenin functions both in cell adhesion (structural) and Wnt signaling (regulatory) capacities in epithelial development.
Reason: Epithelial cell development directly depends on beta-catenin's dual functions - maintaining cell-cell adhesion through adherens junctions and regulating gene expression via Wnt signaling. This is a core biological process where beta-catenin plays an essential, direct role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16102745
Conditional loss of beta-catenin in the presumptive lens does not perturb the normal sequential appearance of lens fate markers but results in a dramatic failure of the coordinated epithelial cell behavior that constitutes lens morphogenesis
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions, linking the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin to alpha-catenin and the actin cytoskeleton ... This linkage is crucial for the adhesive function of classical cadherins in forming stable cell-cell contacts in epithelial and other tissues
GO:0001944 vasculature development
IMP
PMID:25083995
Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development a... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The cited paper reviews canonical Wnt signaling in vascular development and barrier formation. Beta-catenin is essential for endothelial cell differentiation and vessel patterning through Wnt signaling. While important, this represents a tissue-specific application of beta-catenin's core functions.
Reason: Vasculature development is a downstream developmental process that utilizes beta-catenin's core signaling function. While beta-catenin is required for vascular development through Wnt signaling, this is a consequence of its transcriptional co-activator role in specific cell types rather than a primary molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25083995
Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and barrier formation.
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell proliferation and differentiation
GO:0010467 gene expression
IMP
PMID:25083995
Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development a... 		MODIFY
Summary: This overly broad term encompasses any process affecting gene expression. While beta-catenin does regulate transcription as a co-activator with TCF/LEF, this annotation lacks specificity about mechanism or targets.
Reason: The term 'gene expression' is too vague and uninformative. Beta-catenin specifically functions as a transcriptional co-activator in the canonical Wnt pathway. More specific terms like 'positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II' or 'canonical Wnt signaling pathway' better capture its actual molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex that drives expression of Wnt target genes
PMID:25083995
Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and barrier formation.
GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:16040629
Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithe... 		REMOVE
Summary: The cited paper shows beta-catenin regulates respiratory epithelial differentiation. However, beta-catenin primarily acts as a transcriptional co-activator, not repressor. Any negative regulation would be indirect through activation of repressor genes or competition for binding partners.
Reason: Beta-catenin is fundamentally a transcriptional co-activator, not a repressor. While Wnt/beta-catenin signaling can indirectly lead to repression of certain genes (e.g., by activating expression of transcriptional repressors), beta-catenin itself does not directly negatively regulate transcription. This annotation misrepresents its molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16040629
Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithelial cells in vivo.
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors
GO:0000165 MAPK cascade
IGI
PMID:16478791
APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferati... 		REMOVE
Summary: The cited paper shows APC inhibits ERK pathway activation. This relates to APC's role in the beta-catenin destruction complex. However, beta-catenin itself is not a direct component of MAPK signaling; any connection is indirect through crosstalk.
Reason: Beta-catenin is not a component of the MAPK cascade. The cited paper discusses APC's effects on ERK signaling, but beta-catenin's involvement would be indirect at best. Beta-catenin's primary signaling role is in the canonical Wnt pathway, not MAPK signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16478791
APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferation induced by RAS.
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway
GO:0000578 embryonic axis specification
IDA
PMID:9230313
The mouse Fused locus encodes Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt ... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The cited paper on mouse Fused/Axin shows beta-catenin is essential for embryonic axis formation. Beta-catenin stabilization through Wnt signaling establishes the dorsal organizer and anterior-posterior axis. This is a fundamental developmental role demonstrated in multiple model organisms.
Reason: Embryonic axis specification is a well-established core developmental function of beta-catenin through canonical Wnt signaling. Stabilized beta-catenin in the dorsal region establishes the embryonic organizer, essential for proper axis formation. This represents a direct consequence of beta-catenin's transcriptional co-activator function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9230313
The mouse Fused locus encodes Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway that regulates embryonic axis formation.
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
During embryogenesis, beta-catenin is required for processes such as embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification, as initially shown by studies in model organisms where ectopic beta-catenin can induce a secondary body axis
GO:0000902 cell morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens ... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The lens development study shows beta-catenin is required for coordinated epithelial cell behavior and morphogenesis. Loss of beta-catenin causes failure of proper cell shape changes during lens morphogenesis. This involves both adhesion and signaling functions.
Reason: Cell morphogenesis is directly dependent on beta-catenin's dual functions. Its role in adherens junctions maintains cell-cell contacts essential for coordinated morphogenetic movements, while its signaling function regulates genes controlling cell shape and behavior. This is a core cellular process requiring beta-catenin.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16102745
Conditional loss of beta-catenin in the presumptive lens does not perturb the normal sequential appearance of lens fate markers but results in a dramatic failure of the coordinated epithelial cell behavior that constitutes lens morphogenesis
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions
GO:0001501 skeletal system development
IMP
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts fr... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The cited paper shows canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes. Beta-catenin regulates bone vs. cartilage cell fate decisions. While important for skeletal development, this is a tissue-specific application of its signaling function.
Reason: Skeletal system development is a tissue-specific developmental process that uses beta-catenin's core Wnt signaling function. While beta-catenin is essential for proper bone and cartilage development, this represents a downstream consequence of its transcriptional co-activator role rather than a primary molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell proliferation and differentiation
GO:0001569 branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:12975353
The conditional inactivation of the beta-catenin gene in end... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The cited study shows conditional inactivation of beta-catenin in endothelial cells causes defective vascular patterning and increased fragility. Beta-catenin in endothelial cells regulates vessel branching through Wnt signaling. This is a specific developmental outcome of its core functions.
Reason: Blood vessel branching morphogenesis is a specialized developmental process in endothelial cells. While beta-catenin is required, this represents tissue-specific utilization of its core Wnt signaling and adhesion functions rather than a primary molecular role of the protein.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12975353
The conditional inactivation of the beta-catenin gene in endothelial cells causes a defective vascular pattern and increased vascular fragility
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell proliferation and differentiation
GO:0001569 branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:19154719
Nrarp coordinates endothelial Notch and Wnt signaling to con... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: This paper shows Nrarp coordinates endothelial Notch and Wnt signaling to control vessel density. Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling interacts with Notch to regulate angiogenesis. This is another example of beta-catenin's role in vascular development.
Reason: This is a duplicate annotation for the same process with different evidence. Blood vessel morphogenesis utilizes beta-catenin's Wnt signaling function in endothelial cells but represents a tissue-specific developmental outcome rather than a core molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19154719
Nrarp coordinates endothelial Notch and Wnt signaling to control vessel density in angiogenesis
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway
GO:0001570 vasculogenesis
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Paper shows beta-catenin signaling in lung mesenchyme affects vasculogenesis. Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling regulates endothelial differentiation and vessel formation. Tissue-specific developmental application.
Reason: Vasculogenesis is a specialized developmental process in endothelial cells. While beta-catenin is required through its Wnt signaling function, this represents tissue-specific utilization rather than a core molecular function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell proliferation and differentiation
GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation
IMP
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts fr... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Paper shows canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from transdifferentiating into chondrocytes. Beta-catenin maintains osteoblast identity through target gene regulation.
Reason: Osteoblast differentiation is a specialized cell type-specific process. While beta-catenin/Wnt signaling is important for bone cell fate, this represents tissue-specific application of its core transcriptional function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell proliferation and differentiation
GO:0001658 branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:17537789
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction durin... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction and ureteric bud branching. Beta-catenin controls branching morphogenesis in kidney development through target gene regulation.
Reason: Ureteric bud morphogenesis is a specialized kidney developmental process. While beta-catenin signaling is required, this represents organ-specific utilization of its core functions rather than a primary role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17537789
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during mouse kidney development
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In organ development, beta-catenin plays essential roles... in the formation of organs like the kidney
GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		ACCEPT
Summary: Beta-catenin is essential for embryonic development. Null mutants are embryonic lethal with failures in gastrulation and morphogenesis. Required for both adhesion and signaling during embryogenesis.
Reason: In utero embryonic development is a fundamental process absolutely requiring beta-catenin. Both its adhesion and signaling functions are essential for embryo viability, morphogenesis, and organ formation. This represents a core developmental requirement.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Germline knockout of Ctnnb1 in mice is embryonic lethal – embryos lacking beta-catenin cannot complete pre-implantation development properly, partly because the blastomeres fail to remain adherent without beta-catenin-mediated adhesion
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling
GO:0001701 in utero embryonic development
IGI
PMID:19204372
Both the RGS domain and the six C-terminal amino acids of mo... 		ACCEPT
Summary: Study of Axin mutants shows interaction with beta-catenin pathway in embryonic development. Axin regulates beta-catenin stability; disruption causes embryonic defects.
Reason: Additional genetic evidence for beta-catenin's essential role in embryonic development. The Axin-beta-catenin interaction is crucial for proper Wnt signaling regulation during embryogenesis.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19204372
Both the RGS domain and the six C-terminal amino acids of mouse Axin are required for normal embryogenesis
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In the absence of Wnt signal, free beta-catenin... is phosphorylated on N-terminal serine/threonine residues by a 'destruction complex' consisting of AXIN, APC, casein kinase 1, and GSK3β
GO:0001702 gastrulation with mouth forming second
IMP
PMID:8582267
Lack of beta-catenin affects mouse development at gastrulati... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The landmark paper shows beta-catenin null embryos fail at gastrulation. Mutant embryos cannot form mesoderm and show ectodermal cell detachment. Beta-catenin is absolutely required for gastrulation through both its adhesion and signaling functions.
Reason: Gastrulation is a fundamental embryonic process that absolutely requires beta-catenin. The protein's dual functions - maintaining cell adhesion for morphogenetic movements and Wnt signaling for mesoderm induction - are both essential. This represents a core developmental role directly mediated by beta-catenin's molecular functions.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8582267
beta-Catenin null-mutant embryos formed blastocysts, implanted and developed into egg-cylinder-stage embryos. At day 7 post coitum, the development of the embryonic ectoderm was affected in mutant embryos. Cells detached from the ectodermal cell layer and were dispersed into the proamniotic cavity. No mesoderm formation was observed in mutant embryos
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Germline knockout of Ctnnb1 in mice is embryonic lethal – embryos lacking beta-catenin cannot complete pre-implantation development properly
GO:0001706 endoderm formation
IMP
PMID:12194849
Formation of multiple hearts in mice following deletion of b... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The cited paper shows deletion of beta-catenin in embryonic endoderm causes formation of multiple hearts, demonstrating beta-catenin's essential role in endoderm specification and patterning. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for proper endoderm formation.
Reason: Endoderm formation is a fundamental germ layer specification process that requires beta-catenin's Wnt signaling function. Beta-catenin/TCF complexes directly activate endodermal gene expression programs. This is a core developmental role directly mediated by its transcriptional co-activator function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12194849
Formation of multiple hearts in mice following deletion of beta-catenin in the embryonic endoderm
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin is required for processes such as embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification
GO:0001706 endoderm formation
IMP
PMID:23824574
Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is e... 		ACCEPT
Summary: This paper demonstrates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates Sox17 expression and is essential for organizer and endoderm formation in mouse. Beta-catenin directly regulates endodermal transcription factors.
Reason: Additional strong evidence for beta-catenin's essential role in endoderm formation. The protein acts as a transcriptional co-activator to directly induce endodermal gene expression programs including Sox17. This is a core developmental function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23824574
Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex that drives expression of Wnt target genes
GO:0001708 cell fate specification
IMP
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts fr... 		ACCEPT
Summary: Paper shows Wnt/beta-catenin signaling controls osteoblast vs chondrocyte fate decisions. Beta-catenin directly regulates cell fate through transcriptional control of lineage-specific genes.
Reason: Cell fate specification is a core function of beta-catenin through Wnt signaling. As a transcriptional co-activator, beta-catenin/TCF complexes directly control expression of cell fate determinants. This is one of its primary biological roles.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development
GO:0001711 endodermal cell fate commitment
IMP
PMID:12194849
Formation of multiple hearts in mice following deletion of b... 		ACCEPT
Summary: Deletion of beta-catenin in embryonic endoderm disrupts proper endodermal development. Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling directly controls endodermal cell fate commitment through target gene regulation.
Reason: Endodermal cell fate commitment is a fundamental developmental process directly mediated by beta-catenin's transcriptional co-activator function. Beta-catenin/TCF complexes activate endoderm-specific gene expression programs essential for germ layer specification.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12194849
Formation of multiple hearts in mice following deletion of beta-catenin in the embryonic endoderm
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
During embryogenesis, beta-catenin is required for processes such as embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification
GO:0001764 neuron migration
IGI
PMID:21937711
ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the develop... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:21937711
ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the developing brain.
GO:0001822 kidney development
IMP
PMID:17537789
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction durin... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The cited paper shows Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during kidney development. Beta-catenin is required for proper kidney morphogenesis through its signaling function in nephron progenitors.
Reason: Kidney development is an organ-specific developmental process that utilizes beta-catenin's core Wnt signaling function. While essential for nephrogenesis, this represents a tissue-specific application rather than a primary molecular function of the protein.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17537789
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during mouse kidney development
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In organ development, beta-catenin plays essential roles; for instance, it functions in nervous system development and the regulation of neurogenesis, as well as in the formation of organs like the kidney, lungs, and limbs
GO:0001840 neural plate development
IDA
PMID:22102609
Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural plate in... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:22102609
Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural plate induces ectopic mid-hindbrain characteristics.
GO:0001894 tissue homeostasis
IMP
PMID:18635608
Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external gen... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:18635608
Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external genitalia development.
GO:0001944 vasculature development
IMP
PMID:19129494
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:19129494
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-CNS, angiogenesis.
GO:0002052 positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
IGI
PMID:21937711
ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the develop... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:21937711
ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the developing brain.
GO:0002053 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0002053 positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
IMP
PMID:18533146
An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:18533146
2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.
GO:0002062 chondrocyte differentiation
IMP
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts fr... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
GO:0002062 chondrocyte differentiation
IGI
PMID:16818445
Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulati... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:16818445
Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis.
GO:0002089 lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye
IMP
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.
GO:0003266 regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
IDA
PMID:19620969
A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 dete... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:19620969
A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines cardiac progenitor cell fate.
GO:0003338 metanephros morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:19060336
A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epith... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:19060336
A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian kidney.
GO:0003340 negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis
IDA
PMID:17537789
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction durin... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:17537789
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during mouse kidney development.
GO:0006351 DNA-templated transcription
IMP
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts fr... 		MODIFY
Summary: Beta-catenin functions as a transcriptional co-activator with TCF/LEF to regulate gene expression. While accurate, this term is very broad and doesn't specify the regulatory nature or pathway context.
Reason: While beta-catenin does participate in DNA-templated transcription, this term is too general. More specific terms like 'positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II' or 'canonical Wnt signaling pathway' better capture its specific role as a co-activator.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex that drives expression of Wnt target genes
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:12235125
Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The cited paper shows beta-catenin induces melanoma growth by activating Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. This demonstrates beta-catenin's role as a transcriptional co-activator regulating RNA Pol II-dependent genes.
Reason: Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II is a core molecular function of beta-catenin as a transcriptional co-activator. In the nucleus, beta-catenin forms complexes with TCF/LEF to regulate target gene transcription. This is one of its two primary molecular functions.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12235125
Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex that drives expression of Wnt target genes
GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway m... 		ACCEPT
Summary: This paper identifies Wnt/Dvl/beta-catenin to Pitx2 pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation. Beta-catenin acts as transcriptional co-activator to regulate Pitx2 and downstream genes.
Reason: Additional evidence for beta-catenin's core function in regulating RNA Pol II transcription. The protein functions as an essential co-activator in the Wnt pathway to control gene expression programs.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors
GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IMP
PMID:20043884
Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling wit... 		ACCEPT
Summary: Beta-catenin regulates transcription by RNA polymerase II as a core transcriptional co-activator function.
Reason: Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II is a core molecular function of beta-catenin as a transcriptional co-activator. In the nucleus, beta-catenin forms complexes with TCF/LEF to regulate target gene transcription, which is one of its two primary molecular functions.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:20043884
Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.
GO:0006366 transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:15907834
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and... 		ACCEPT
Summary: Paper shows Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF signaling in lung patterning. Beta-catenin functions as a transcriptional co-activator to regulate RNA Pol II-mediated gene expression.
Reason: Transcription by RNA polymerase II is a core molecular function of beta-catenin as a transcriptional co-activator. In the nucleus, beta-catenin/TCF complexes directly regulate RNA Pol II-dependent transcription of target genes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15907834
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex that drives expression of Wnt target genes
GO:0007160 cell-matrix adhesion
IMP
PMID:15131783
Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the mur... 		REMOVE
Summary: The cited paper examines beta-catenin loss in gastrointestinal tract. While beta-catenin is essential for cell-cell adhesion through adherens junctions, it does not directly mediate cell-matrix adhesion, which involves integrins and focal adhesions.
Reason: Beta-catenin is not a component of cell-matrix adhesion complexes. It specifically functions in cell-cell adhesion through adherens junctions by linking cadherins to the cytoskeleton. Cell-matrix adhesion involves different molecular machinery (integrins, focal adhesions) that beta-catenin does not participate in.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions, linking the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin to alpha-catenin and the actin cytoskeleton
PMID:15131783
Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin
GO:0007249 canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction
IMP
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-... 		REMOVE
Summary: The paper describes reciprocal requirements between EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways in hair follicle development. This shows pathway crosstalk but doesn't make beta-catenin a component of NF-kappaB signaling.
Reason: Beta-catenin is not a component of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. The cited paper shows crosstalk between distinct pathways (Wnt and NF-kappaB) in a specific developmental context. Beta-catenin mediates Wnt signaling, not NF-kappaB signaling.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway
GO:0007268 chemical synaptic transmission
IMP
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and pr... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The cited paper shows beta-catenin has a role in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic assembly. Beta-catenin localizes to synapses and affects neurotransmitter release machinery organization. While important, this is a specialized neuronal application.
Reason: Synaptic transmission represents a specialized neuronal utilization of beta-catenin's adhesion function. While beta-catenin contributes to synapse organization, this is a tissue-specific role rather than a core molecular function. The primary functions remain cell adhesion and transcriptional co-activation.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic assembly
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin has been observed in specific subcellular structures... including the postsynaptic density and synaptic membranes in hippocampal neurons
GO:0007398 ectoderm development
IMP
PMID:8582267
Lack of beta-catenin affects mouse development at gastrulati... 		ACCEPT
Summary: Beta-catenin null embryos show specific defects in embryonic ectoderm with cell detachment and dispersal. Beta-catenin is essential for ectodermal integrity through its adhesion function and for proper differentiation through Wnt signaling.
Reason: Ectoderm development is a fundamental germ layer formation process requiring both beta-catenin functions. Its adhesion role maintains ectodermal layer integrity while its signaling function controls differentiation. This is a core developmental requirement.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8582267
At day 7 post coitum, the development of the embryonic ectoderm was affected in mutant embryos. Cells detached from the ectodermal cell layer and were dispersed into the proamniotic cavity
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Our results demonstrate that, although beta-catenin is expressed rather ubiquitously, it is specifically required in the ectodermal cell layer
GO:0007403 glial cell fate determination
IDA
PMID:17706960
Persistent expression of stabilized beta-catenin delays matu... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Paper shows persistent stabilized beta-catenin expression delays radial glial cell maturation. Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling regulates the timing of glial differentiation in the developing brain.
Reason: Glial cell fate determination is a specialized neural developmental process. While beta-catenin signaling influences glial differentiation timing, this represents tissue-specific application of its core transcriptional function rather than a primary role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17706960
Persistent expression of stabilized beta-catenin delays maturation of radial glial cells into intermediate progenitors
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin plays essential roles... in nervous system development and the regulation of neurogenesis
GO:0007405 neuroblast proliferation
IGI
PMID:21937711
ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the develop... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:21937711
ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the developing brain.
GO:0007507 heart development
IMP
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway m... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The paper identifies Wnt/beta-catenin to Pitx2 pathway in cardiac development. Beta-catenin signaling regulates cardiac progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Important for heart morphogenesis but represents organ-specific utilization.
Reason: Heart development is an organ-specific process that uses beta-catenin's Wnt signaling function in cardiac progenitors. While required for proper cardiac morphogenesis, this is a developmental application of its core transcriptional co-activator function rather than a primary role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell proliferation and differentiation
GO:0008104 intracellular protein localization
IMP
PMID:16621792
Membrane localization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:16621792
Epub 2006 Apr 17. Membrane localization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein at cellular protrusions: targeting sequences and regulation by beta-catenin.
GO:0008283 cell population proliferation
IMP
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development ... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The paper shows Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development via tenascin C/PDGFR pathway. Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling promotes proliferation of lung mesenchymal cells. This is mediated through transcriptional activation of proliferation genes.
Reason: Cell proliferation is a core biological process regulated by beta-catenin through Wnt signaling. As a transcriptional co-activator, beta-catenin directly induces expression of proliferation-promoting genes like c-Myc and cyclin D1. This is a fundamental cellular outcome of its signaling function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development
GO:0008283 cell population proliferation
IMP
PMID:15131783
Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the mur... 		ACCEPT
Summary: Loss of beta-catenin in gastrointestinal tract affects proliferation. Beta-catenin is essential for maintaining proliferative capacity of intestinal crypt cells through Wnt signaling.
Reason: Additional evidence for beta-catenin's core role in regulating cell proliferation. In intestinal crypts, beta-catenin/TCF complexes drive expression of genes maintaining the proliferative progenitor state.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15131783
Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin is highly expressed in self-renewing and progenitor cell populations – for instance, in the intestinal epithelium, which has a high turnover, beta-catenin is expressed in crypt progenitor cells where Wnt signaling actively drives proliferation
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation
IMP
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
GO:0008543 fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:18533146
An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:18533146
2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.
GO:0009948 anterior/posterior axis specification
IMP
PMID:10662781
Requirement for beta-catenin in anterior-posterior axis form... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The landmark paper demonstrates requirement for beta-catenin in anterior-posterior axis formation in mice. Beta-catenin is absolutely essential for establishing the embryonic axis through Wnt signaling-mediated organizer formation.
Reason: Anterior-posterior axis specification is a fundamental embryonic patterning process that directly requires beta-catenin's transcriptional co-activator function. Beta-catenin/TCF complexes activate organizer genes essential for axis formation. This is a core developmental role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10662781
Requirement for beta-catenin in anterior-posterior axis formation in mice
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
During embryogenesis, beta-catenin is required for processes such as embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification, as initially shown by studies in model organisms where ectopic beta-catenin can induce a secondary body axis
GO:0009950 dorsal/ventral axis specification
IMP
PMID:12923052
Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP recepto... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The paper shows genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP signaling during AER formation and dorsal-ventral axis specification in limb. Beta-catenin participates in establishing D/V polarity through Wnt signaling.
Reason: Dorsal/ventral axis specification is another fundamental patterning process requiring beta-catenin. Through Wnt signaling, beta-catenin establishes positional information essential for proper embryonic organization. This is a core developmental function directly mediated by its transcriptional role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12923052
Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin is required for processes such as embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification
GO:0009953 dorsal/ventral pattern formation
IMP
PMID:15708565
Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specific... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The paper shows effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specification of mouse telencephalon. Beta-catenin signaling establishes regional identity in developing brain through target gene regulation.
Reason: Pattern formation is a core developmental process directly mediated by beta-catenin's transcriptional co-activator function. Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling establishes positional information and regional identity essential for proper tissue organization.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15708565
Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specification of the mouse telencephalon
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development
GO:0009954 proximal/distal pattern formation
IMP
PMID:12885771
beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/dista... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:12885771
2003 Jul 28. beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung morphogenesis.
GO:0010463 mesenchymal cell proliferation
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0010463 mesenchymal cell proliferation
IMP
PMID:18533146
An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:18533146
2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.
GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression
IMP
PMID:22102609
Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural plate in... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:22102609
Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural plate induces ectopic mid-hindbrain characteristics.
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression
IMP
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
GO:0010718 positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
ISO
GO_REF:0000008 		ACCEPT
Summary: Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling can promote EMT through transcriptional regulation of EMT genes. Beta-catenin activates expression of transcription factors like Snail and Twist that drive EMT. This is based on orthology inference.
Reason: EMT regulation is a well-established function of beta-catenin through Wnt signaling. Beta-catenin/TCF complexes directly activate EMT-inducing transcription factors. This is important in both development and cancer progression.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin has been implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process important in development and cancer metastasis (consistent with its Wnt signaling function)
GO_REF:0000008
Gene Ontology annotation by the MGI curatorial staff, curated orthology
GO:0016331 morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium
IMP
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.
GO:0021819 layer formation in cerebral cortex
IMP
PMID:20503375
Expression analysis of an evolutionarily conserved metalloph... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:20503375
Expression analysis of an evolutionarily conserved metallophosphodiesterase gene, Mpped1, in the normal and beta-catenin-deficient malformed dorsal telencephalon.
GO:0022009 central nervous system vasculogenesis
IMP
PMID:19023080
Canonical Wnt signaling regulates organ-specific assembly an... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:19023080
Canonical Wnt signaling regulates organ-specific assembly and differentiation of CNS vasculature.
GO:0022405 hair cycle process
IMP
PMID:11371349
beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem c... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:11371349
beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell differentiation in the skin.
GO:0030097 hemopoiesis
IDA
PMID:12717450
A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:12717450
A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells.
GO:0030154 cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens ... 		ACCEPT
Summary: The lens development study shows beta-catenin regulates epithelial differentiation. Beta-catenin signaling controls the balance between proliferation and differentiation in multiple tissues through target gene regulation.
Reason: Cell differentiation is a fundamental process regulated by beta-catenin through Wnt signaling. As a transcriptional co-activator, beta-catenin controls expression of differentiation genes and cell fate determinants. This is a core biological function directly mediated by its signaling role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development
GO:0030217 T cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:14608382
Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development. 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:14608382
Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development.
GO:0030316 osteoclast differentiation
IMP
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts contro... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation.
GO:0030324 lung development
IMP
PMID:12885771
beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/dista... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: The cited paper shows beta-catenin is required for proximal/distal cell fate specification during lung morphogenesis. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling controls lung epithelial differentiation and branching morphogenesis.
Reason: Lung development is an organ-specific process utilizing beta-catenin's Wnt signaling function. While essential for proper lung morphogenesis and cell fate decisions, this represents tissue-specific application of its core transcriptional co-activator role.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12885771
beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung morphogenesis
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
In organ development, beta-catenin plays essential roles... in the formation of organs like the kidney, lungs, and limbs
GO:0048709 oligodendrocyte differentiation
IMP
PMID:19503085
HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:19503085
HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
GO:0051450 myoblast proliferation
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0060441 epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:18533146
An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:18533146
2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.
GO:0060487 lung epithelial cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:16040629
Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithe... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:16040629
Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithelial cells in vivo.
GO:0060767 epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development
IMP
PMID:12813461
Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces hy... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:12813461
Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
GO:0072089 stem cell proliferation
IMP
PMID:18533146
An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme ... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:18533146
2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.
GO:0097190 apoptotic signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:15131783
Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the mur... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:15131783
Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.
GO:0097190 apoptotic signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell surviva... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
GO:0097190 apoptotic signaling pathway
IGI
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell surviva... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
Reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
Supporting Evidence:
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
GO:0032212 positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
IMP
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells a... 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Paper shows Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer. Beta-catenin/TCF complexes directly activate TERT expression, linking Wnt signaling to telomerase activity.
Reason: Telomerase regulation is a specialized function in stem cells and cancer cells. While beta-catenin can regulate TERT expression through Wnt signaling, this represents a specific transcriptional target rather than a core function of the protein.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells
file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
Beta-catenin/TCF complexes directly activate transcription of specific target genes
GO:0001222 transcription corepressor binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016358 dendrite development
IGI
PMID:27713508
Conditional Knockout of Breast Carcinoma Amplified Sequence ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27713508
Conditional Knockout of Breast Carcinoma Amplified Sequence 2 (BCAS2) in Mouse Forebrain Causes Dendritic Malformation via β-catenin.
GO:0001222 transcription corepressor binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0060856 establishment of blood-brain barrier
IMP
PMID:25083995
Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25083995
Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and barrier formation.
GO:1990963 establishment of blood-retinal barrier
IMP
PMID:25083995
Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25083995
Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and barrier formation.
GO:0001709 cell fate determination
IMP
PMID:15708565
Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specific... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15708565
Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specification of the mouse telencephalon.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:15024079
Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and is dire... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15024079
Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and is directly regulated by beta-catenin.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:15778706
Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intesti... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15778706
Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal crypts.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:15907834
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15907834
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:16581771
CCN1/Cyr61 is regulated by the canonical Wnt signal and play... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16581771
CCN1/Cyr61 is regulated by the canonical Wnt signal and plays an important role in Wnt3A-induced osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
GO:0030154 cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:15131783
Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the mur... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15131783
Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.
GO:0030154 cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:16192304
Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but not isle... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16192304
Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but not islet development.
GO:0030324 lung development
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0030539 male genitalia development
IMP
PMID:19282366
Genetic interactions of the androgen and Wnt/beta-catenin pa... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19282366
Mar 12. Genetic interactions of the androgen and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways for the masculinization of external genitalia.
GO:0030856 regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:12813461
Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces hy... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12813461
Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
GO:0030858 positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:16040629
Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithe... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16040629
Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithelial cells in vivo.
GO:0030900 forebrain development
IMP
PMID:15708565
Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specific... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15708565
Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specification of the mouse telencephalon.
GO:0031016 pancreas development
IMP
PMID:16192304
Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but not isle... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16192304
Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but not islet development.
GO:0031069 hair follicle morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:11371349
beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem c... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11371349
beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell differentiation in the skin.
GO:0031069 hair follicle morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:24309208
Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dermal condensates is required fo... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24309208
2013 Dec 3. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dermal condensates is required for hair follicle formation.
GO:0031641 regulation of myelination
IMP
PMID:19515974
Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway inhibits timely myelination... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19515974
Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway inhibits timely myelination and remyelination in the mammalian CNS.
GO:0032331 negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
IGI
PMID:16818445
Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulati... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16818445
Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis.
GO:0033077 T cell differentiation in thymus
IMP
PMID:16025118
Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function disrupts th... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16025118
Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function disrupts thymic development.
GO:0034332 adherens junction organization
IMP
PMID:19129494
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19129494
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-CNS, angiogenesis.
GO:0035050 embryonic heart tube development
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0035112 genitalia morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:18635608
Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external gen... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18635608
Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external genitalia development.
GO:0035115 embryonic forelimb morphogenesis
IDA
PMID:15371327
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and necessary for s... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15371327
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and necessary for synovial joint formation.
GO:0035116 embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:12923052
Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP recepto... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12923052
Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
GO:0035116 embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0042127 regulation of cell population proliferation
IDA
PMID:12235125
Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12235125
Sep 16. Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
GO:0042127 regulation of cell population proliferation
IMP
PMID:17055474
The stabilization of beta-catenin leads to impaired primordi... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17055474
2006 Jun 27. The stabilization of beta-catenin leads to impaired primordial germ cell development via aberrant cell cycle progression.
GO:0042127 regulation of cell population proliferation
IMP
PMID:18635608
Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external gen... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18635608
Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external genitalia development.
GO:0042129 regulation of T cell proliferation
IMP
PMID:14608382
Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development. 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14608382
Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development.
GO:0042475 odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
IMP
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts contro... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation.
GO:0042733 embryonic digit morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:12923052
Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP recepto... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12923052
Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
GO:0042733 embryonic digit morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:20043884
Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling wit... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20043884
Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.
GO:0042733 embryonic digit morphogenesis
IGI
PMID:20043884
Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling wit... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20043884
Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.
GO:0042981 regulation of apoptotic process
IMP
PMID:20043884
Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling wit... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20043884
Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.
GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade
IGI
PMID:16478791
APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferati... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16478791
APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferation induced by RAS.
GO:0043524 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
IGI
PMID:22956852
Integration of β-catenin, sirtuin, and FOXO signaling protec... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22956852
Integration of β-catenin, sirtuin, and FOXO signaling protects from mutant huntingtin toxicity.
GO:0043588 skin development
IMP
PMID:19718027
Tcf3 and Tcf4 are essential for long-term homeostasis of ski... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19718027
Tcf3 and Tcf4 are essential for long-term homeostasis of skin epithelia.
GO:0045453 bone resorption
IMP
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts contro... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation.
GO:0045453 bone resorption
IGI
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts contro... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation.
GO:0045595 regulation of cell differentiation
IDA
PMID:12717450
A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12717450
A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells.
GO:0045596 negative regulation of cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts fr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
GO:0045596 negative regulation of cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.
GO:0045603 positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0045667 regulation of osteoblast differentiation
IMP
PMID:15576404
Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in osteoblast... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15576404
Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in osteoblast development.
GO:0045667 regulation of osteoblast differentiation
IMP
PMID:15802266
Essential role of beta-catenin in postnatal bone acquisition... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15802266
2005 Mar 31. Essential role of beta-catenin in postnatal bone acquisition.
GO:0045669 positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
IMP
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts fr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
GO:0045670 regulation of osteoclast differentiation
IMP
PMID:15802266
Essential role of beta-catenin in postnatal bone acquisition... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15802266
2005 Mar 31. Essential role of beta-catenin in postnatal bone acquisition.
GO:0045671 negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation
IMP
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts contro... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation.
GO:0045743 positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0045743 positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:18533146
An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18533146
2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.
GO:0045892 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IDA
PMID:12551949
Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and beta-catenin inhibit Runx2-de... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12551949
2003 Jan 27. Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and beta-catenin inhibit Runx2-dependent transcriptional activation of the osteocalcin promoter.
GO:0045892 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IMP
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts fr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IDA
PMID:10631168
Hippocampus development and generation of dentate gyrus gran... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10631168
Hippocampus development and generation of dentate gyrus granule cells is regulated by LEF1.
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IDA
PMID:12551949
Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and beta-catenin inhibit Runx2-de... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12551949
2003 Jan 27. Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and beta-catenin inhibit Runx2-dependent transcriptional activation of the osteocalcin promoter.
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IMP
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts fr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IDA
PMID:16936075
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 exp... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16936075
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 expression during somitogenesis.
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IMP
PMID:17767158
Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt signaling re... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17767158
Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt signaling requires ATF/CREB family-mediated transcriptional activation of TGFbeta2.
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IDA
PMID:19056892
A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19056892
A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent p27 turnover in mammary tumors.
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IMP
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IMP
PMID:15024079
Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and is dire... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15024079
Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and is directly regulated by beta-catenin.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IGI
PMID:15729346
Pax3 functions at a nodal point in melanocyte stem cell diff... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15729346
Pax3 functions at a nodal point in melanocyte stem cell differentiation.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IGI
PMID:15778706
Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intesti... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15778706
Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal crypts.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:15907834
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15907834
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IGI
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate cell-lineage determination.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:19620969
A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 dete... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19620969
A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines cardiac progenitor cell fate.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:20159597
Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue of a Wnt... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20159597
Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue of a Wnt2-Gata6 pathway required for cardiac inflow tract development.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:20627076
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway modulates vascular remodeling a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20627076
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway modulates vascular remodeling and specification by upregulating Dll4/Notch signaling.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:21750544
The Wnt3a/β-catenin target gene Mesogenin1 controls the segm... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21750544
The Wnt3a/β-catenin target gene Mesogenin1 controls the segmentation clock by activating a Notch signalling program.
GO:0048469 cell maturation
IMP
PMID:15576404
Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in osteoblast... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15576404
Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in osteoblast development.
GO:0048469 cell maturation
IDA
PMID:17706960
Persistent expression of stabilized beta-catenin delays matu... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17706960
2007 Jul 24. Persistent expression of stabilized beta-catenin delays maturation of radial glial cells into intermediate progenitors.
GO:0048489 synaptic vesicle transport
IMP
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and pr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic assembly.
GO:0048513 animal organ development
IMP
PMID:18635608
Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external gen... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18635608
Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external genitalia development.
GO:0048538 thymus development
IMP
PMID:16025118
Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function disrupts th... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16025118
Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function disrupts thymic development.
GO:0048599 oocyte development
IGI
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell surviva... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
GO:0048617 embryonic foregut morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:18692041
Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation: a novel mouse model... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18692041
2008 Jul 26. Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation: a novel mouse model for tracheal agenesis.
GO:0048715 negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
IMP
PMID:19503085
HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19503085
HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
GO:0050808 synapse organization
IMP
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and pr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic assembly.
GO:0051145 smooth muscle cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
GO:0060066 oviduct development
IMP
PMID:17532316
Essential roles of mesenchyme-derived beta-catenin in mouse ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17532316
2007 May 3. Essential roles of mesenchyme-derived beta-catenin in mouse Müllerian duct morphogenesis.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:12235125
Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12235125
Sep 16. Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway m... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:12717450
A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12717450
A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:15781477
Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating mutations inhibit... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15781477
Mar 21. Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating mutations inhibits Wnt signaling and osteoblast differentiation.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IGI
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate cell-lineage determination.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IGI
PMID:16818445
Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulati... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16818445
Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:19060336
A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epith... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19060336
A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian kidney.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IGI
PMID:19686689
Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and suffici... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19686689
Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and sufficient to specify lung progenitors in the foregut.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IGI
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell surviva... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:31222549
The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits normal bone phenotype. 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:31222549
Epub 2019 Jun 20. The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits normal bone phenotype.
GO:0060173 limb development
IMP
PMID:12569130
Ectodermal Wnt3/beta-catenin signaling is required for the e... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12569130
Ectodermal Wnt3/beta-catenin signaling is required for the establishment and maintenance of the apical ectodermal ridge.
GO:0060439 trachea morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0060439 trachea morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:18692041
Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation: a novel mouse model... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18692041
2008 Jul 26. Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation: a novel mouse model for tracheal agenesis.
GO:0060440 trachea formation
IMP
PMID:19805295
beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mou... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19805295
beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse foregut.
GO:0060441 epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0060479 lung cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:19805295
beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mou... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19805295
beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse foregut.
GO:0060484 lung-associated mesenchyme development
IMP
PMID:18533146
An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18533146
2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.
GO:0060492 lung induction
IMP
PMID:19686689
Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and suffici... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19686689
Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and sufficient to specify lung progenitors in the foregut.
GO:0060492 lung induction
IMP
PMID:19805295
beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mou... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19805295
beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse foregut.
GO:0060742 epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development
IMP
PMID:12813461
Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces hy... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12813461
Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
GO:0060769 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development
IMP
PMID:12813461
Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces hy... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12813461
Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
GO:0060789 hair follicle placode formation
IMP
PMID:11371349
beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem c... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11371349
beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell differentiation in the skin.
GO:0060789 hair follicle placode formation
IGI
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
GO:0060916 mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development
IMP
PMID:17128274
Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla developme... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17128274
Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.
GO:0060916 mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development
IMP
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineag... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0061047 positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:18533146
An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18533146
2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.
GO:0061198 fungiform papilla formation
IMP
PMID:17128274
Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla developme... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17128274
Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.
GO:0072033 renal vesicle formation
IMP
PMID:17537789
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction durin... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17537789
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during mouse kidney development.
GO:0072053 renal inner medulla development
IMP
PMID:19060336
A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epith... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19060336
A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian kidney.
GO:0072054 renal outer medulla development
IMP
PMID:19060336
A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epith... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19060336
A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian kidney.
GO:0072079 nephron tubule formation
IMP
PMID:17537789
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction durin... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17537789
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during mouse kidney development.
GO:0098609 cell-cell adhesion
IMP
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.
GO:2000017 positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity
IDA
PMID:18316368
Protein encoded by the Axin(Fu) allele effectively down-regu... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18316368
2008 Mar 3. Protein encoded by the Axin(Fu) allele effectively down-regulates Wnt signaling but exerts a dominant negative effect on c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling.
GO:2001234 negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:15131783
Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the mur... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15131783
Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.
GO:2001234 negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell surviva... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
GO:2001234 negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
IGI
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell surviva... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
GO:0003676 nucleic acid binding
EXP
PMID:21075118
Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin int... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21075118
2010 Nov 12. Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin interactions with nonphosphorylated and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
GO:0001221 transcription coregulator binding
IPI
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005634 nucleus
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		ACCEPT
Summary: Essential location for beta-catenin's transcriptional co-activator function in canonical Wnt signaling. Nuclear localization allows beta-catenin to partner with TCF/LEF transcription factors to drive expression of Wnt target genes.
Reason: Nuclear localization is fundamental to beta-catenin's second core function as a transcriptional regulator in the Wnt signaling pathway.
GO:0098609 cell-cell adhesion
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016922 nuclear receptor binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0019903 protein phosphatase binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045294 alpha-catenin binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		ACCEPT
Summary: Essential location for beta-catenin's cell adhesion function. At adherens junctions, beta-catenin links E-cadherin to alpha-catenin and the actin cytoskeleton, maintaining epithelial integrity and cell-cell adhesion.
Reason: Adherens junction localization is one of beta-catenin's two core functions, essential for its structural role in cell adhesion and epithelial architecture.
GO:0016342 catenin complex
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0000922 spindle pole
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005813 centrosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005856 cytoskeleton
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0007155 cell adhesion
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0007399 nervous system development
IEA
GO_REF:0000043 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016020 membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016055 Wnt signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000043 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045202 synapse
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045216 cell-cell junction organization
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0070161 anchoring junction
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:10481074
A GSK3-binding peptide from FRAT1 selectively inhibits the G... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10481074
A GSK3-binding peptide from FRAT1 selectively inhibits the GSK3-catalysed phosphorylation of axin and beta-catenin.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:10873669
Identification of a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein. 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10873669
Identification of a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:10882138
Structure of the dimerization and beta-catenin-binding regio... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10882138
Structure of the dimerization and beta-catenin-binding region of alpha-catenin.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:11348595
The structure of the beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex and the... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11348595
The structure of the beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex and the molecular basis of diverse ligand recognition by beta-catenin.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12408825
ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family transcr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12408825
ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family transcription factors and the general coactivator p300 using independent structural modules.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12421363
Axin negatively affects tau phosphorylation by glycogen synt... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12421363
Axin negatively affects tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12874278
The PDZ protein tax-interacting protein-1 inhibits beta-cate... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12874278
2003 Jul 21. The PDZ protein tax-interacting protein-1 inhibits beta-catenin transcriptional activity and growth of colorectal cancer cells.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:14691142
alpha3beta1 integrin-CD151, a component of the cadherin-cate... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14691142
alpha3beta1 integrin-CD151, a component of the cadherin-catenin complex, regulates PTPmu expression and cell-cell adhesion.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15327768
Mechanism of phosphorylation-dependent binding of APC to bet... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15327768
Mechanism of phosphorylation-dependent binding of APC to beta-catenin and its role in beta-catenin degradation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:16293619
Thermodynamics of beta-catenin-ligand interactions: the role... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16293619
2005 Nov 17. Thermodynamics of beta-catenin-ligand interactions: the roles of the N- and C-terminal tails in modulating binding affinity.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate cell-lineage determination.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19107203
Direct inhibition of GSK3beta by the phosphorylated cytoplas... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19107203
Direct inhibition of GSK3beta by the phosphorylated cytoplasmic domain of LRP6 in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20531388
Mutant huntingtin-impaired degradation of beta-catenin cause... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20531388
Mutant huntingtin-impaired degradation of beta-catenin causes neurotoxicity in Huntington's disease.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20837657
Abelson family kinases regulate Frizzled planar cell polarit... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20837657
Abelson family kinases regulate Frizzled planar cell polarity signaling via Dsh phosphorylation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21103407
The leukemia-associated Mllt10/Af10-Dot1l are Tcf4/β-catenin... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21103407
The leukemia-associated Mllt10/Af10-Dot1l are Tcf4/β-catenin coactivators essential for intestinal homeostasis.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21552260
Nemo kinase phosphorylates β-catenin to promote ommatidial r... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21552260
May 8. Nemo kinase phosphorylates β-catenin to promote ommatidial rotation and connects core PCP factors to E-cadherin-β-catenin.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21730140
Ezrin-mediated apical integrity is required for intestinal h... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21730140
Ezrin-mediated apical integrity is required for intestinal homeostasis.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21751375
Functional analysis of novel phosphorylation sites of CREB-b... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21751375
Aug 1. Functional analysis of novel phosphorylation sites of CREB-binding protein using mass spectrometry and mammalian two-hybrid assays.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23273993
Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23273993
Dec 27. Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and acquisition of stem-cell-like properties.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25873176
TGIF governs a feed-forward network that empowers Wnt signal... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25873176
TGIF governs a feed-forward network that empowers Wnt signaling to drive mammary tumorigenesis.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26893351
The transcription factor SOX6 contributes to the development... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26893351
The transcription factor SOX6 contributes to the developmental origins of obesity by promoting adipogenesis.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:9264463
A specific domain in alpha-catenin mediates binding to beta-... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9264463
A specific domain in alpha-catenin mediates binding to beta-catenin or plakoglobin.
GO:0000209 protein polyubiquitination
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0000791 euchromatin
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005634 nucleus
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005634 nucleus
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005667 transcription regulator complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005813 centrosome
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005829 cytosol
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005911 cell-cell junction
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005912 adherens junction
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005912 adherens junction
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005929 cilium
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005938 cell cortex
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0007155 cell adhesion
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0007173 epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0010717 regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0010718 positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0010909 positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0014010 Schwann cell proliferation
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0014704 intercalated disc
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016020 membrane
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016324 apical plasma membrane
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016328 lateral plasma membrane
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016328 lateral plasma membrane
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016342 catenin complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016922 nuclear receptor binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0019900 kinase binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0019902 phosphatase binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0030054 cell junction
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0030331 nuclear estrogen receptor binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0030877 beta-catenin destruction complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0030997 regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0031396 regulation of protein ubiquitination
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0031625 ubiquitin protein ligase binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0031965 nuclear membrane
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0032355 response to estradiol
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0032991 protein-containing complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0032993 protein-DNA complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0033234 negative regulation of protein sumoylation
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0034097 response to cytokine
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0034112 positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0034333 adherens junction assembly
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0034394 protein localization to cell surface
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0035255 ionotropic glutamate receptor binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0036064 ciliary basal body
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0043198 dendritic shaft
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0043525 positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0043627 response to estrogen
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0044325 transmembrane transporter binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0044331 cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0044877 protein-containing complex binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045294 alpha-catenin binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045294 alpha-catenin binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045892 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0046332 SMAD binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0048660 regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0050998 nitric-oxide synthase binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0060231 mesenchymal to epithelial transition
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0061154 endothelial tube morphogenesis
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0061629 RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0070097 delta-catenin binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0070160 tight junction
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0070369 beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0070411 I-SMAD binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0070602 regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0071260 cellular response to mechanical stimulus
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0071363 cellular response to growth factor stimulus
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0071681 cellular response to indole-3-methanol
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0071944 cell periphery
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0072497 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0090279 regulation of calcium ion import
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0098609 cell-cell adhesion
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0140297 DNA-binding transcription factor binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:1905555 positive regulation of blood vessel branching
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:1990138 neuron projection extension
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:1990314 cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus
ISO
GO_REF:0000096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:1990907 beta-catenin-TCF complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:2000008 regulation of protein localization to cell surface
ISO
GO_REF:0000119 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0000209 protein polyubiquitination
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0000791 euchromatin
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0001649 osteoblast differentiation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005667 transcription regulator complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005829 cytosol
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005911 cell-cell junction
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005929 cilium
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005938 cell cortex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0007173 epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0009410 response to xenobiotic stimulus
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0010717 regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0010718 positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0010909 positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016328 lateral plasma membrane
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016342 catenin complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016922 nuclear receptor binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0019900 kinase binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0019902 phosphatase binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0030054 cell junction
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0030331 nuclear estrogen receptor binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0030877 beta-catenin destruction complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0030997 regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0031396 regulation of protein ubiquitination
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0032355 response to estradiol
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0032991 protein-containing complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0032993 protein-DNA complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0033234 negative regulation of protein sumoylation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0034112 positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0034333 adherens junction assembly
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0034394 protein localization to cell surface
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0036064 ciliary basal body
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0043161 proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0043525 positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0044325 transmembrane transporter binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0044331 cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045294 alpha-catenin binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045892 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0046332 SMAD binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0048660 regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0060231 mesenchymal to epithelial transition
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0061154 endothelial tube morphogenesis
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0061629 RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0070369 beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0070411 I-SMAD binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0070602 regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0071363 cellular response to growth factor stimulus
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0071681 cellular response to indole-3-methanol
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0071944 cell periphery
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0072497 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0090279 regulation of calcium ion import
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0140297 DNA-binding transcription factor binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:1905555 positive regulation of blood vessel branching
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:1990138 neuron projection extension
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:1990907 beta-catenin-TCF complex
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:2000008 regulation of protein localization to cell surface
IEA
GO_REF:0000107 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:12408825
ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family transcr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12408825
ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family transcription factors and the general coactivator p300 using independent structural modules.
GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:10898789
Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel beta-catenin-in... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10898789
Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:16936075
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 exp... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16936075
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 expression during somitogenesis.
GO:0045597 positive regulation of cell differentiation
NAS
PMID:24847765
From inception to output, Tcf1 and Lef1 safeguard developmen... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24847765
From inception to output, Tcf1 and Lef1 safeguard development of T cells and innate immune cells.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:16936075
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 exp... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16936075
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 expression during somitogenesis.
GO:0050767 regulation of neurogenesis
NAS
PMID:23377854
Physiological role of β-catenin/TCF signaling in neurons of ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23377854
2013 Feb 2. Physiological role of β-catenin/TCF signaling in neurons of the adult brain.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:16936075
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 exp... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16936075
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 expression during somitogenesis.
GO:0090090 negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:10898789
Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel beta-catenin-in... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10898789
Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.
GO:0090575 RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex
IPI
PMID:21075118
Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin int... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21075118
2010 Nov 12. Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin interactions with nonphosphorylated and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
GO:1990711 beta-catenin-ICAT complex
IPI
PMID:10898789
Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel beta-catenin-in... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10898789
Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:12494996
Loss of desmoglein 2 suggests essential functions for early ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12494996
Loss of desmoglein 2 suggests essential functions for early embryonic development and proliferation of embryonal stem cells.
GO:0010717 regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0060231 mesenchymal to epithelial transition
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
IDA
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IMP
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.
GO:1990226 histone methyltransferase binding
IPI
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:27375112
Antagonistic Regulation of Intercellular Cohesion by Plakoph... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27375112
Epub 2016 Jun 29. Antagonistic Regulation of Intercellular Cohesion by Plakophilins 1 and 3.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:27375112
Antagonistic Regulation of Intercellular Cohesion by Plakoph... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27375112
Epub 2016 Jun 29. Antagonistic Regulation of Intercellular Cohesion by Plakophilins 1 and 3.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:27015268
Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27015268
eCollection 2016. Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for Tooth Development and Ameloblast Differentiation.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:27015268
Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27015268
eCollection 2016. Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for Tooth Development and Ameloblast Differentiation.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:27015268
Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27015268
eCollection 2016. Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for Tooth Development and Ameloblast Differentiation.
GO:0042734 presynaptic membrane
IDA
PMID:8909549
The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synapti... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8909549
The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
GO:0045211 postsynaptic membrane
IDA
PMID:8909549
The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synapti... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8909549
The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
GO:0051963 regulation of synapse assembly
IMP
PMID:28641114
A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Comp... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28641114
A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
GO:0051963 regulation of synapse assembly
IDA
PMID:28641114
A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Comp... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28641114
A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
GO:0097091 synaptic vesicle clustering
IMP
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and pr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic assembly.
GO:0097091 synaptic vesicle clustering
IDA
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and pr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic assembly.
GO:0098685 Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse
IMP
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and pr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic assembly.
GO:0098685 Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse
IDA
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and pr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic assembly.
GO:0098831 presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component
IDA
PMID:8909549
The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synapti... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8909549
The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
GO:0098978 glutamatergic synapse
IMP
PMID:28641114
A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Comp... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28641114
A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
GO:0098978 glutamatergic synapse
IDA
PMID:28641114
A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Comp... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:28641114
A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
GO:0099092 postsynaptic density, intracellular component
IDA
PMID:8909549
The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synapti... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8909549
The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
GO:0048568 embryonic organ development
IMP
PMID:30478225
TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in p... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30478225
TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.
GO:0072497 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:30478225
TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in p... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30478225
TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
IDA
PMID:15905404
Functional interaction between beta-catenin and FOXO in oxid... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15905404
Functional interaction between beta-catenin and FOXO in oxidative stress signaling.
GO:0036520 astrocyte-dopaminergic neuron signaling
IMP
PMID:21752258
A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21752258
A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a candidate regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk: Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival and neuroprotection.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:19122665
Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neuro... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19122665
Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neurogenesis.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:21752258
A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21752258
A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a candidate regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk: Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival and neuroprotection.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.
GO:0003151 outflow tract morphogenesis
IMP
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway m... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation
IMP
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway m... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
GO:1901331 positive regulation of odontoblast differentiation
IMP
PMID:29148101
Homeobox protein MSX-1 inhibits expression of bone morphogen... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29148101
Homeobox protein MSX-1 inhibits expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells during the late bell stage.
GO:1903377 negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:21752258
A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21752258
A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a candidate regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk: Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival and neuroprotection.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:32533114
ADNP promotes neural differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-cat... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32533114
ADNP promotes neural differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate cell-lineage determination.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:16818445
Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulati... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16818445
Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:17767158
Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt signaling re... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17767158
Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt signaling requires ATF/CREB family-mediated transcriptional activation of TGFbeta2.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:19620969
A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 dete... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19620969
A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines cardiac progenitor cell fate.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:20159597
Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue of a Wnt... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20159597
Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue of a Wnt2-Gata6 pathway required for cardiac inflow tract development.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:21350016
Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell expansion... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21350016
Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell expansion and differentiation during kidney development.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:21512031
Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocy... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21512031
Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IGI
PMID:23824574
Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is e... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23824574
Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse.
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
IDA
PMID:12235125
Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12235125
Sep 16. Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
IDA
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway m... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
IDA
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate cell-lineage determination.
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
IDA
PMID:19056892
A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19056892
A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent p27 turnover in mammary tumors.
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
IMP
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:10318824
Functional domains of axin. Importance of the C terminus as ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10318824
Functional domains of axin.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:11104755
Substitution of a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphoryla... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11104755
2000 Dec 4. Substitution of a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation site in presenilin 1 separates presenilin function from beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12432063
Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-cateni... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12432063
Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-catenin with alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12695331
NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by dest... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12695331
NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by destabilizing adherens junctions.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12861022
T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse TCF-4, s... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12861022
T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse TCF-4, synergizes with beta-catenin to coactivate C/EBPalpha and steroidogenic factor 1 transcription factors.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:14647292
Mammalian formin-1 participates in adherens junctions and po... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14647292
Mammalian formin-1 participates in adherens junctions and polymerization of linear actin cables.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:14960280
Ozz-E3, a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, regulates beta-c... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14960280
Ozz-E3, a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, regulates beta-catenin degradation during myogenesis.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15574752
Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15574752
Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15781477
Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating mutations inhibit... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15781477
Mar 21. Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating mutations inhibits Wnt signaling and osteoblast differentiation.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15834408
The KIF3 motor transports N-cadherin and organizes the devel... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15834408
The KIF3 motor transports N-cadherin and organizes the developing neuroepithelium.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:16368433
Deficient E-cadherin adhesion in C57BL/6J-Min/+ mice is asso... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16368433
Deficient E-cadherin adhesion in C57BL/6J-Min/+ mice is associated with increased tyrosine kinase activity and RhoA-dependent actomyosin contractility.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:17535849
A unique and specific interaction between alphaT-catenin and... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17535849
May 29. A unique and specific interaction between alphaT-catenin and plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the mixed-type junctional structure of cardiac intercalated discs.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18202148
Cooperative control via lymphoid enhancer factor 1/T cell fa... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18202148
Jan 17. Cooperative control via lymphoid enhancer factor 1/T cell factor 3 and estrogen receptor-alpha for uterine gene regulation by estrogen.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18632848
SUMOylation target sites at the C terminus protect Axin from... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18632848
SUMOylation target sites at the C terminus protect Axin from ubiquitination and confer protein stability.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19503085
HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19503085
HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19725955
Arginine methyltransferase CARM1/PRMT4 regulates endochondra... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19725955
Arginine methyltransferase CARM1/PRMT4 regulates endochondral ossification.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:21512031
Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocy... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21512031
Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:22665494
mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt sig... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22665494
Jun 4. mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt signaling through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in mouse spermatogonial cells.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:26787558
SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens junction st... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26787558
SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens junction stability and reduced cranial neural crest cell delamination.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:30659184
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage deg... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30659184
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:8555428
Immunotoxicologic effects of ethylene dibromide in the mouse... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8555428
Immunotoxicologic effects of ethylene dibromide in the mouse and their modulation by the estrous cycle.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:9488439
Two members of the Tcf family implicated in Wnt/beta-catenin... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9488439
Two members of the Tcf family implicated in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during embryogenesis in the mouse.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:9554852
Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with b... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9554852
Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with beta-catenin, APC, and GSK3beta.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IPI
PMID:30659184
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage deg... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30659184
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:11731231
Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11731231
Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin during the development of hair follicle-derived structures.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:11731265
Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of beta-cate... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11731265
Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of beta-catenin in the developing mouse lung.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:11872843
Colorectal cancer in mice genetically deficient in the mucin... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11872843
Colorectal cancer in mice genetically deficient in the mucin Muc2.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:12874278
The PDZ protein tax-interacting protein-1 inhibits beta-cate... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12874278
2003 Jul 21. The PDZ protein tax-interacting protein-1 inhibits beta-catenin transcriptional activity and growth of colorectal cancer cells.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:12885771
beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/dista... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12885771
2003 Jul 28. beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung morphogenesis.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:12923052
Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP recepto... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12923052
Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:15371327
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and necessary for s... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15371327
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and necessary for synovial joint formation.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:15574752
Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15574752
Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:15778706
Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intesti... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15778706
Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal crypts.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts fr... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts contro... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:16439479
Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by limiting m... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16439479
Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by limiting mesenchymal Wnt signaling and promoting extracellular matrix production.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:16489008
Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell cycle p... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16489008
Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell cycle progression.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:16678815
Lef1 is required for the transition of Wnt signaling from me... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16678815
2006 Apr 3. Lef1 is required for the transition of Wnt signaling from mesenchymal to epithelial cells in the mouse embryonic mammary gland.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:16858399
C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex neural precurs... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16858399
Jul 20. C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex neural precursor population.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:16989802
Levels of mesenchymal FGFR2 signaling modulate smooth muscle... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16989802
Jul 7. Levels of mesenchymal FGFR2 signaling modulate smooth muscle progenitor cell commitment in the lung.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:17128274
Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla developme... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17128274
Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:17560563
Fgf10 dosage is critical for the amplification of epithelial... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17560563
2007 May 3. Fgf10 dosage is critical for the amplification of epithelial cell progenitors and for the formation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:17596282
Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor suppression... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17596282
Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor suppression upon Apc inactivation in the pancreas.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:17615359
Regulation of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis through t... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17615359
Regulation of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis through the adaptor protein MyD88.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:18978355
Overexpression of TEAD-1 in transgenic mouse striated muscle... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18978355
2008 Oct 31. Overexpression of TEAD-1 in transgenic mouse striated muscles produces a slower skeletal muscle contractile phenotype.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:19213727
Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization thro... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19213727
2009 Feb 12. Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization through R-spondin 2.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:19497282
Wnt7a activates the planar cell polarity pathway to drive th... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19497282
Wnt7a activates the planar cell polarity pathway to drive the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:19796622
Uncovering early response of gene regulatory networks in ESC... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19796622
Uncovering early response of gene regulatory networks in ESCs by systematic induction of transcription factors.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:19850029
A critical role for sFRP proteins in maintaining caudal neur... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19850029
Oct 19. A critical role for sFRP proteins in maintaining caudal neural tube closure in mice via inhibition of BMP signaling.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:21991325
RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia differen... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21991325
RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia differentiation and entry into meiosis in the mouse fetal ovary.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:22665494
mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt sig... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22665494
Jun 4. mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt signaling through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in mouse spermatogonial cells.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:23266329
Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus formation and initiati... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23266329
2012 Dec 22. Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus formation and initiation of cytodifferentiation in the embryonic intestinal epithelium.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:23610556
A positive feedback loop involving Gcm1 and Fzd5 directs cho... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23610556
Apr 16. A positive feedback loop involving Gcm1 and Fzd5 directs chorionic branching morphogenesis in the placenta.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:23740243
Activation of the transcription factor GLI1 by WNT signaling... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23740243
Epub 2013 Jun 5. Activation of the transcription factor GLI1 by WNT signaling underlies the role of SULFATASE 2 as a regulator of tissue regeneration.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:25535395
Notch inhibition induces mitotically generated hair cells in... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25535395
Notch inhibition induces mitotically generated hair cells in mammalian cochleae via activating the Wnt pathway.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:30659184
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage deg... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30659184
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:31222549
The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits normal bone phenotype. 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:31222549
Epub 2019 Jun 20. The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits normal bone phenotype.
GO:0005667 transcription regulator complex
IDA
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway m... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
GO:0005667 transcription regulator complex
IDA
PMID:12861022
T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse TCF-4, s... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12861022
T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse TCF-4, synergizes with beta-catenin to coactivate C/EBPalpha and steroidogenic factor 1 transcription factors.
GO:0005667 transcription regulator complex
IDA
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate cell-lineage determination.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IPI
PMID:30659184
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage deg... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30659184
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:11731231
Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11731231
Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin during the development of hair follicle-derived structures.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:11731265
Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of beta-cate... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11731265
Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of beta-catenin in the developing mouse lung.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:12235125
Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12235125
Sep 16. Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:12923052
Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP recepto... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12923052
Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:14981260
Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Axin regulates subcellular ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14981260
Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Axin regulates subcellular localization of beta-catenin.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:15525667
Stabilization of beta-catenin in the mouse zygote leads to p... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15525667
Stabilization of beta-catenin in the mouse zygote leads to premature epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the epiblast.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:15574752
Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15574752
Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:16489008
Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell cycle p... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16489008
Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell cycle progression.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:17128274
Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla developme... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17128274
Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:19213727
Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization thro... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19213727
2009 Feb 12. Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization through R-spondin 2.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:30659184
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage deg... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30659184
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
GO:0005829 cytosol
IDA
PMID:12055200
Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis. 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12055200
2002 Jun 7. Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis.
GO:0005829 cytosol
IDA
PMID:15673614
Wnt10b deficiency promotes coexpression of myogenic and adip... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15673614
Jan 26. Wnt10b deficiency promotes coexpression of myogenic and adipogenic programs in myoblasts.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:12040017
Mouse mammary epithelial cells express the Na-K-Cl cotranspo... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12040017
Mouse mammary epithelial cells express the Na-K-Cl cotransporter, NKCC1: characterization, localization, and involvement in ductal development and morphogenesis.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:16418220
Desmocollin 3 is required for pre-implantation development o... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16418220
Desmocollin 3 is required for pre-implantation development of the mouse embryo.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:16740478
Apc tumor suppressor gene is the "zonation-keeper" of mouse ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16740478
Apc tumor suppressor gene is the "zonation-keeper" of mouse liver.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:16858399
C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex neural precurs... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16858399
Jul 20. C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex neural precursor population.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:16962386
Tissue, cellular and sub-cellular localization of the Vangl2... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16962386
Epub 2006 Jul 27. Tissue, cellular and sub-cellular localization of the Vangl2 protein during embryonic development: effect of the Lp mutation.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:17596282
Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor suppression... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17596282
Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor suppression upon Apc inactivation in the pancreas.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:19966784
Sec24b selectively sorts Vangl2 to regulate planar cell pola... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19966784
2009 Dec 6. Sec24b selectively sorts Vangl2 to regulate planar cell polarity during neural tube closure.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:23266329
Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus formation and initiati... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23266329
2012 Dec 22. Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus formation and initiation of cytodifferentiation in the embryonic intestinal epithelium.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:8853988
Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8853988
Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during mouse preimplantation development.
GO:0005911 cell-cell junction
IDA
PMID:12181493
TCL1 participates in early embryonic development and is over... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12181493
TCL1 participates in early embryonic development and is overexpressed in human seminomas.
GO:0005911 cell-cell junction
IDA
PMID:14597196
Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog suppresses embryonic hair f... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14597196
Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog suppresses embryonic hair follicle morphogenesis.
GO:0005911 cell-cell junction
IDA
PMID:18816447
Diverse roles of E-cadherin in the morphogenesis of the subm... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18816447
Diverse roles of E-cadherin in the morphogenesis of the submandibular gland: insights into the formation of acinar and ductal structures.
GO:0005911 cell-cell junction
ISO
PMID:19151727
Regulation of cardiovascular development and integrity by th... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19151727
Regulation of cardiovascular development and integrity by the heart of glass-cerebral cavernous malformation protein pathway.
GO:0005911 cell-cell junction
IDA
PMID:20089884
Milk secretion and ejection are impaired in the mammary glan... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20089884
2010 Jan 20. Milk secretion and ejection are impaired in the mammary gland of mice harboring a Cx43 mutant while expression and localization of tight and adherens junction proteins remain unchanged.
GO:0005911 cell-cell junction
IDA
PMID:21377456
Grainyhead-like 2 regulates neural tube closure and adhesion... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21377456
Mar 4. Grainyhead-like 2 regulates neural tube closure and adhesion molecule expression during neural fold fusion.
GO:0005911 cell-cell junction
IDA
PMID:24191021
Sox9 plays multiple roles in the lung epithelium during bran... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24191021
Sox9 plays multiple roles in the lung epithelium during branching morphogenesis.
GO:0005911 cell-cell junction
IDA
PMID:9950951
Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of apical brus... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9950951
Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of apical brush border actin in cystic tubules of bcl-2 -/- mice.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:11731229
FAM deubiquitylating enzyme is essential for preimplantation... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11731229
FAM deubiquitylating enzyme is essential for preimplantation mouse embryo development.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:12203715
Localization of the novel Xin protein to the adherens juncti... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12203715
Localization of the novel Xin protein to the adherens junction complex in cardiac and skeletal muscle during development.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:12695331
NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by dest... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12695331
NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by destabilizing adherens junctions.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:14657280
Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell resp... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14657280
Dec 2. Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell responses to cadherin activation relying on distinct signalling pathways.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:15148305
Mammalian Fat1 cadherin regulates actin dynamics and cell-ce... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15148305
May 17. Mammalian Fat1 cadherin regulates actin dynamics and cell-cell contact.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:15292239
Defects in cell adhesion and the visceral endoderm following... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15292239
2004 Aug 2. Defects in cell adhesion and the visceral endoderm following ablation of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A in mice.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:15645444
Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon embryonic de... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15645444
Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon embryonic development.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:15775979
E-cadherin is essential for in vivo epidermal barrier functi... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15775979
Mar 3. E-cadherin is essential for in vivo epidermal barrier function by regulating tight junctions.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:16199027
Vezatin, a protein associated to adherens junctions, is requ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16199027
2005 Sep 29. Vezatin, a protein associated to adherens junctions, is required for mouse blastocyst morphogenesis.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:16892058
The Rho-GTPase cdc42 regulates neural progenitor fate at the... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16892058
The Rho-GTPase cdc42 regulates neural progenitor fate at the apical surface.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:17544522
Targeted disruption of the murine large nuclear KIAA1440/Int... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17544522
Targeted disruption of the murine large nuclear KIAA1440/Ints1 protein causes growth arrest in early blastocyst stage embryos and eventual apoptotic cell death.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:21991385
Adhesion protein VSIG1 is required for the proper differenti... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21991385
Adhesion protein VSIG1 is required for the proper differentiation of glandular gastric epithelia.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:23824574
Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is e... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23824574
Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:26787558
SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens junction st... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26787558
SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens junction stability and reduced cranial neural crest cell delamination.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:29211732
The mouse Jhy gene regulates ependymal cell differentiation ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29211732
eCollection 2017. The mouse Jhy gene regulates ependymal cell differentiation and ciliogenesis.
GO:0005916 fascia adherens
IDA
PMID:16481394
The transitional junction: a new functional subcellular doma... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16481394
2006 Feb 15. The transitional junction: a new functional subcellular domain at the intercalated disc.
GO:0005923 bicellular tight junction
IDA
PMID:17130295
Distinct subdomain organization and molecular composition of... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17130295
Distinct subdomain organization and molecular composition of a tight junction with adherens junction features.
GO:0014704 intercalated disc
IDA
PMID:17535849
A unique and specific interaction between alphaT-catenin and... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17535849
May 29. A unique and specific interaction between alphaT-catenin and plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the mixed-type junctional structure of cardiac intercalated discs.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:11731231
Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11731231
Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin during the development of hair follicle-derived structures.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:12055200
Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis. 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12055200
2002 Jun 7. Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:12432063
Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-cateni... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12432063
Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-catenin with alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:12611902
Regulation of the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase by a novel chol... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12611902
2003 Feb 27. Regulation of the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase by a novel cholesterol- and cell confluence-dependent mechanism.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:14657280
Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell resp... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14657280
Dec 2. Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell responses to cadherin activation relying on distinct signalling pathways.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:15987773
Forkhead box A1 regulates prostate ductal morphogenesis and ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15987773
Forkhead box A1 regulates prostate ductal morphogenesis and promotes epithelial cell maturation.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:16364283
Hex homeobox gene controls the transition of the endoderm to... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16364283
Dec 20. Hex homeobox gene controls the transition of the endoderm to a pseudostratified, cell emergent epithelium for liver bud development.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:21991325
RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia differen... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21991325
RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia differentiation and entry into meiosis in the mouse fetal ovary.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:22139371
Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3 (Bbs3) knockout mouse model reveals ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22139371
Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3 (Bbs3) knockout mouse model reveals common BBS-associated phenotypes and Bbs3 unique phenotypes.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:8821035
Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic development an... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8821035
Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic development and in adult tissues.
GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:12885771
beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/dista... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12885771
2003 Jul 28. beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung morphogenesis.
GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:14625387
Foxj1 is required for apical localization of ezrin in airway... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14625387
Foxj1 is required for apical localization of ezrin in airway epithelial cells.
GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:15226261
Orpk mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essent... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15226261
Orpk mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential role of primary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization.
GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:17671182
Haploinsufficiency of Krüppel-like factor 4 promotes adenoma... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17671182
Haploinsufficiency of Krüppel-like factor 4 promotes adenomatous polyposis coli dependent intestinal tumorigenesis.
GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:20016102
The small GTPase Rac1 regulates auditory hair cell morphogen... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20016102
The small GTPase Rac1 regulates auditory hair cell morphogenesis.
GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:20089884
Milk secretion and ejection are impaired in the mammary glan... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20089884
2010 Jan 20. Milk secretion and ejection are impaired in the mammary gland of mice harboring a Cx43 mutant while expression and localization of tight and adherens junction proteins remain unchanged.
GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:9950951
Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of apical brus... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9950951
Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of apical brush border actin in cystic tubules of bcl-2 -/- mice.
GO:0016327 apicolateral plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:29211732
The mouse Jhy gene regulates ependymal cell differentiation ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:29211732
eCollection 2017. The mouse Jhy gene regulates ependymal cell differentiation and ciliogenesis.
GO:0016328 lateral plasma membrane
ISO
GO_REF:0000008 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016328 lateral plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:15645444
Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon embryonic de... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15645444
Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon embryonic development.
GO:0016342 catenin complex
IDA
PMID:8853988
Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8853988
Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during mouse preimplantation development.
GO:0030018 Z disc
IDA
PMID:8821035
Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic development an... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8821035
Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic development and in adult tissues.
GO:0030027 lamellipodium
IDA
PMID:14657280
Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell resp... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14657280
Dec 2. Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell responses to cadherin activation relying on distinct signalling pathways.
GO:0030877 beta-catenin destruction complex
IDA
PMID:10318824
Functional domains of axin. Importance of the C terminus as ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10318824
Functional domains of axin.
GO:0031253 cell projection membrane
IDA
PMID:16621792
Membrane localization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16621792
Epub 2006 Apr 17. Membrane localization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein at cellular protrusions: targeting sequences and regulation by beta-catenin.
GO:0031528 microvillus membrane
IDA
PMID:16439479
Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by limiting m... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16439479
Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by limiting mesenchymal Wnt signaling and promoting extracellular matrix production.
GO:0032991 protein-containing complex
ISO
PMID:22083958
Histone H1 recruitment by CHD8 is essential for suppression ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22083958
Histone H1 recruitment by CHD8 is essential for suppression of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.
GO:0043296 apical junction complex
IDA
PMID:16249236
Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positi... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16249236
Oct 25. Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positioning of an actomyosin network.
GO:0043296 apical junction complex
IDA
PMID:17130295
Distinct subdomain organization and molecular composition of... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17130295
Distinct subdomain organization and molecular composition of a tight junction with adherens junction features.
GO:0043296 apical junction complex
IDA
PMID:17666436
Shroom2, a myosin-VIIa- and actin-binding protein, directly ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17666436
Jul 31. Shroom2, a myosin-VIIa- and actin-binding protein, directly interacts with ZO-1 at tight junctions.
GO:0045177 apical part of cell
IDA
PMID:14758363
The hyh mutation uncovers roles for alpha Snap in apical pro... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14758363
The hyh mutation uncovers roles for alpha Snap in apical protein localization and control of neural cell fate.
GO:0045177 apical part of cell
IDA
PMID:15037549
Loss of cell polarity causes severe brain dysplasia in Lgl1 ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15037549
Loss of cell polarity causes severe brain dysplasia in Lgl1 knockout mice.
GO:0045177 apical part of cell
IDA
PMID:16249236
Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positi... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16249236
Oct 25. Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positioning of an actomyosin network.
GO:0045177 apical part of cell
IDA
PMID:23863479
Tumor suppressor Nf2 limits expansion of the neural progenit... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23863479
Tumor suppressor Nf2 limits expansion of the neural progenitor pool by inhibiting Yap/Taz transcriptional coactivators.
GO:0045294 alpha-catenin binding
IDA
PMID:12432063
Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-cateni... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12432063
Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-catenin with alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
ISO
PMID:10330403
Domains of axin involved in protein-protein interactions, Wn... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10330403
Domains of axin involved in protein-protein interactions, Wnt pathway inhibition, and intracellular localization.
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
IPI
PMID:15023525
Ksp-cadherin is a functional cell-cell adhesion molecule rel... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15023525
Ksp-cadherin is a functional cell-cell adhesion molecule related to LI-cadherin.
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
IPI
PMID:15057752
Beta-catenin is temporally regulated during normal liver dev... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15057752
Beta-catenin is temporally regulated during normal liver development.
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
IPI
PMID:8853988
Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:8853988
Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during mouse preimplantation development.
GO:0061629 RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
IDA
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate cell-lineage determination.
GO:0061629 RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
IDA
PMID:22665494
mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt sig... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22665494
Jun 4. mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt signaling through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in mouse spermatogonial cells.
GO:0140677 molecular function activator activity
EXP
PMID:21075118
Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin int... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21075118
2010 Nov 12. Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin interactions with nonphosphorylated and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
GO:0021854 hypothalamus development
IMP
PMID:32868762
The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic pattern... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32868762
The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic patterning and differentiation from embryonic to late postnatal development.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:32868762
The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic pattern... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:32868762
The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic patterning and differentiation from embryonic to late postnatal development.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9773219 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9860515 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9860560 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9860569 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9863577 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
TAS
Reactome:R-NUL-9761463 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:30389919
ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal s... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30389919
ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal stem cell niche.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:30389919
ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal s... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30389919
ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal stem cell niche.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9735211 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9754284 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9793864 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9794042 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9823738 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9824206 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9824277 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-9824278 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0140297 DNA-binding transcription factor binding
IPI
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.
GO:0005912 adherens junction
IDA
PMID:20399730
The apical complex couples cell fate and cell survival to ce... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20399730
The apical complex couples cell fate and cell survival to cerebral cortical development.
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
IDA
PMID:17920587
FERM protein EPB41L5 is a novel member of the mammalian CRB-... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17920587
Epub 2007 Sep 7. FERM protein EPB41L5 is a novel member of the mammalian CRB-MPP5 polarity complex.
GO:1990907 beta-catenin-TCF complex
IDA
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
GO:0032968 positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II
IMP
PMID:30478225
TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in p... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30478225
TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:30478225
TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in p... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:30478225
TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15110721
Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to promote n... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15110721
Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to promote neurogenesis.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IMP
PMID:15110721
Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to promote n... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15110721
Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to promote neurogenesis.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:31073040
LMBR1L regulates lymphopoiesis through Wnt/β-catenin signali... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:31073040
LMBR1L regulates lymphopoiesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
GO:0005911 cell-cell junction
IDA
PMID:24338362
POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin motor complex. 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24338362
Dec 11. POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin motor complex.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:15314168
Cyclin D1 genetic heterozygosity regulates colonic epithelia... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15314168
Cyclin D1 genetic heterozygosity regulates colonic epithelial cell differentiation and tumor number in ApcMin mice.
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
IMP
PMID:26371318
Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical ne... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26371318
Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical neurogenesis.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IMP
PMID:26371318
Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical ne... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26371318
Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical neurogenesis.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IMP
PMID:26371318
Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical ne... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26371318
Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical neurogenesis.
GO:0050768 negative regulation of neurogenesis
IMP
PMID:26371318
Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical ne... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26371318
Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical neurogenesis.
GO:2000179 positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation
IMP
PMID:26371318
Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical ne... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:26371318
Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical neurogenesis.
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
IDA
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
GO:1990907 beta-catenin-TCF complex
IDA
PMID:9488439
Two members of the Tcf family implicated in Wnt/beta-catenin... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:9488439
Two members of the Tcf family implicated in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during embryogenesis in the mouse.
GO:1990138 neuron projection extension
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:25232112
Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25232112
Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis by controlling subcellular N-cadherin localization.
GO:0045202 synapse
IDA
PMID:25232112
Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25232112
Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis by controlling subcellular N-cadherin localization.
GO:0016525 negative regulation of angiogenesis
IMP
PMID:25961718
Resveratrol-Induced Vascular Progenitor Differentiation towa... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25961718
eCollection 2015. Resveratrol-Induced Vascular Progenitor Differentiation towards Endothelial Lineage via MiR-21/Akt/β-Catenin Is Protective in Vessel Graft Models.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:24681597
Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cu... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24681597
Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IDA
PMID:24681597
Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cu... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24681597
Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
GO:0051884 regulation of timing of anagen
IDA
PMID:24681597
Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cu... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24681597
Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
GO:0060070 canonical Wnt signaling pathway
IDA
PMID:24681597
Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cu... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24681597
Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
GO:0016342 catenin complex
IMP
PMID:11121423
The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absen... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11121423
2000 Dec 19. The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absence of beta-catenin.
GO:0045296 cadherin binding
IPI
PMID:11121423
The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absen... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11121423
2000 Dec 19. The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absence of beta-catenin.
GO:0097718 disordered domain specific binding
IPI
PMID:11121423
The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absen... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11121423
2000 Dec 19. The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absence of beta-catenin.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
GO:0005829 cytosol
IDA
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
GO:0016020 membrane
IDA
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IGI
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:25979161
Transmembrane protein 64 reciprocally regulates osteoblast a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25979161
Transmembrane protein 64 reciprocally regulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
GO:1904948 midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
IMP
PMID:19122665
Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neuro... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19122665
Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neurogenesis.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:22645310
Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22645310
May 29. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via β-catenin.
GO:0005829 cytosol
IDA
PMID:22645310
Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22645310
May 29. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via β-catenin.
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
IPI
PMID:22645310
Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22645310
May 29. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via β-catenin.
GO:1904888 cranial skeletal system development
IMP
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated d... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial development.
GO:0030901 midbrain development
IMP
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated d... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial development.
GO:0030902 hindbrain development
IMP
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated d... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial development.
GO:0061550 cranial ganglion development
IMP
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated d... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial development.
GO:1990403 embryonic brain development
IMP
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated d... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial development.
GO:1990791 dorsal root ganglion development
IMP
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated d... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial development.
GO:1990909 Wnt signalosome
IDA
PMID:22899650
LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytoso... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22899650
Aug 16. LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytosolic proteins and membrane-localized LRP6.
GO:0019901 protein kinase binding
IPI
PMID:22899650
LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytoso... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22899650
Aug 16. LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytosolic proteins and membrane-localized LRP6.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15908431
MAGI1 recruits Dll1 to cadherin-based adherens junctions and... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15908431
2005 May 20. MAGI1 recruits Dll1 to cadherin-based adherens junctions and stabilizes it on the cell surface.
GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression
IMP
PMID:19122665
Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neuro... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19122665
Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neurogenesis.
GO:0030182 neuron differentiation
IMP
PMID:25009587
Depletion of canonical Wnt signaling components has a neurop... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:25009587
Depletion of canonical Wnt signaling components has a neuroprotective effect on midbrain dopaminergic neurons in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
GO:0016600 flotillin complex
IDA
PMID:24046456
Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junc... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:24046456
2013 Sep 17. Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junctions.
GO:0000791 euchromatin
IDA
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.
GO:0005667 transcription regulator complex
IDA
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.
GO:0002052 positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
IMP
PMID:21325504
Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervatio... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21325504
Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervation during sympathetic nervous system development.
GO:0045976 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
IMP
PMID:21325504
Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervatio... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21325504
Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervation during sympathetic nervous system development.
GO:0061549 sympathetic ganglion development
IMP
PMID:21325504
Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervatio... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21325504
Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervation during sympathetic nervous system development.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:23856522
Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and cardiovascular differentiation... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23856522
2013 Jul 15. Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and cardiovascular differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:23856522
Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and cardiovascular differentiation... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23856522
2013 Jul 15. Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and cardiovascular differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
GO:0016922 nuclear receptor binding
IPI
PMID:14687547
RORalpha coordinates reciprocal signaling in cerebellar deve... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:14687547
RORalpha coordinates reciprocal signaling in cerebellar development through sonic hedgehog and calcium-dependent pathways.
GO:0033234 negative regulation of protein sumoylation
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0048643 positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
IMP
PMID:23460868
β-catenin is essential for efficient in vitro premyogenic me... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:23460868
β-catenin is essential for efficient in vitro premyogenic mesoderm formation but can be partially compensated by retinoic acid signalling.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:11590244
alphaT-catenin: a novel tissue-specific beta-catenin-binding... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:11590244
alphaT-catenin: a novel tissue-specific beta-catenin-binding protein mediating strong cell-cell adhesion.
GO:0036023 embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis
IGI
PMID:21262216
The zinc finger transcription factors Osr1 and Osr2 control ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21262216
Jan 22. The zinc finger transcription factors Osr1 and Osr2 control synovial joint formation.
GO:0045294 alpha-catenin binding
IPI
PMID:21393547
A polarized epithelium organized by beta- and alpha-catenin ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:21393547
A polarized epithelium organized by beta- and alpha-catenin predates cadherin and metazoan origins.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:18636119
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) mediates atriov... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:18636119
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) mediates atrioventricular-node function and connexin 45 localization in the murine heart.
GO:0072182 regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
IMP
PMID:19112489
Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin signaling to prevent e... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19112489
2008 Dec 26. Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin signaling to prevent ectopic metanephric kidney induction.
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IMP
PMID:19112489
Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin signaling to prevent e... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19112489
2008 Dec 26. Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin signaling to prevent ectopic metanephric kidney induction.
GO:0071944 cell periphery
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005938 cell cortex
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0007155 cell adhesion
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0010909 positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0016342 catenin complex
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0030054 cell junction
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0030877 beta-catenin destruction complex
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0030997 regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0032355 response to estradiol
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0032993 protein-DNA complex
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0034333 adherens junction assembly
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0034394 protein localization to cell surface
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0048471 perinuclear region of cytoplasm
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0048660 regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0061154 endothelial tube morphogenesis
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0070369 beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0071363 cellular response to growth factor stimulus
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0071681 cellular response to indole-3-methanol
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0090279 regulation of calcium ion import
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:2000008 regulation of protein localization to cell surface
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20802155
Sox17 modulates Wnt3A/beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20802155
Sox17 modulates Wnt3A/beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation of the Lef-1 promoter.
GO:0034750 Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex
IDA
PMID:16611247
Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified as a tar... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16611247
Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified as a target of high-risk HPV E6 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, interacts with adenomatous polyposis coli.
GO:0005813 centrosome
IDA
PMID:20300119
Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates centrosome cohe... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20300119
Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates centrosome cohesion.
GO:0070602 regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
IMP
PMID:20300119
Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates centrosome cohe... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20300119
Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates centrosome cohesion.
GO:0003713 transcription coactivator activity
IDA
PMID:12949260
Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular vasculature a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12949260
Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular vasculature and inhibits testosterone synthesis by repressing steroidogenic factor 1/beta-catenin synergy.
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IDA
PMID:12949260
Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular vasculature a... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:12949260
Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular vasculature and inhibits testosterone synthesis by repressing steroidogenic factor 1/beta-catenin synergy.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:20413591
The TRPV4 channel contributes to intercellular junction form... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20413591
2010 Apr 22. The TRPV4 channel contributes to intercellular junction formation in keratinocytes.
GO:0003223 ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
TAS
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculoge... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.
GO:0010718 positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
TAS
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculoge... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.
GO:0060038 cardiac muscle cell proliferation
TAS
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculoge... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.
GO:0060485 mesenchyme development
TAS
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculoge... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.
GO:0060947 cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
TAS
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculoge... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.
GO:0060982 coronary artery morphogenesis
TAS
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculoge... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.
GO:0060983 epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
TAS
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculoge... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.
GO:0072132 mesenchyme morphogenesis
TAS
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculoge... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.
GO:0140297 DNA-binding transcription factor binding
IPI
PMID:17331723
Inhibitory Gli3 activity negatively regulates Wnt/beta-caten... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:17331723
Mar 1. Inhibitory Gli3 activity negatively regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:16611247
Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified as a tar... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16611247
Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified as a target of high-risk HPV E6 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, interacts with adenomatous polyposis coli.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:19458197
Scribble interacts with beta-catenin to localize synaptic ve... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:19458197
2009 May 20. Scribble interacts with beta-catenin to localize synaptic vesicles to synapses.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:10954424
The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polari... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:10954424
The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1.
GO:0019903 protein phosphatase binding
IPI
PMID:16973135
Intracellular substrates of brain-enriched receptor protein ... 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16973135
2006 Sep 14. Intracellular substrates of brain-enriched receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase rho (RPTPrho/PTPRT).
GO:0005829 cytosol
TAS
Reactome:R-MMU-209096 		PENDING
Summary: TODO: Review this GOA annotation

Core Functions

Links cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton at adherens junctions to mediate cell-cell adhesion

Molecular Function:
cadherin binding
Directly Involved In:
cell-cell adhesion
Cellular Locations:
adherens junction
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
    Beta-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions, linking the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin to alpha-catenin and the actin cytoskeleton ... This linkage is crucial for the adhesive function of classical cadherins in forming stable cell-cell contacts in epithelial and other tissues

Acts as transcriptional co-activator with TCF/LEF transcription factors in canonical Wnt signaling

Molecular Function:
transcription coactivator activity
Directly Involved In:
canonical Wnt signaling pathway
Cellular Locations:
nucleus
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
    In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex that drives expression of Wnt target genes ... Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development

References

GO_REF:0000008
Gene Ontology annotation by the MGI curatorial staff, curated orthology
PMID:10662781
Requirement for beta-catenin in anterior-posterior axis formation in mice.
PMID:11371349
beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell differentiation in the skin.
PMID:12194849
Formation of multiple hearts in mice following deletion of beta-catenin in the embryonic endoderm.
PMID:12235125
Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
PMID:12464179
Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
PMID:12717450
A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem cells.
PMID:12813461
Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
PMID:12885771
beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung morphogenesis.
PMID:12923052
Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
PMID:12975353
The conditional inactivation of the beta-catenin gene in endothelial cells causes a defective vascular pattern and increased vascular fragility.
PMID:14608382
Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development.
PMID:14622577
Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic assembly.
PMID:15131783
Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.
PMID:15708565
Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specification of the mouse telencephalon.
PMID:15866163
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
PMID:15866165
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation.
PMID:15907834
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.
PMID:16040629
Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithelial cells in vivo.
PMID:16102745
The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.
PMID:16478791
APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferation induced by RAS.
PMID:16621792
Membrane localization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein at cellular protrusions: targeting sequences and regulation by beta-catenin.
PMID:16818445
Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis.
PMID:17537789
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during mouse kidney development.
PMID:17706960
Persistent expression of stabilized beta-catenin delays maturation of radial glial cells into intermediate progenitors.
PMID:18231602
Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
PMID:18533146
An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.
PMID:18635608
Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external genitalia development.
PMID:19023080
Canonical Wnt signaling regulates organ-specific assembly and differentiation of CNS vasculature.
PMID:19060336
A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian kidney.
PMID:19129494
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-CNS, angiogenesis.
PMID:19154719
Nrarp coordinates endothelial Notch and Wnt signaling to control vessel density in angiogenesis.
PMID:19204372
Both the RGS domain and the six C-terminal amino acids of mouse Axin are required for normal embryogenesis.
PMID:19503085
HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
PMID:19619491
Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
PMID:19620969
A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines cardiac progenitor cell fate.
PMID:19690384
Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
PMID:20043884
Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.
PMID:20454446
WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
PMID:20503375
Expression analysis of an evolutionarily conserved metallophosphodiesterase gene, Mpped1, in the normal and beta-catenin-deficient malformed dorsal telencephalon.
PMID:21937711
ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the developing brain.
PMID:22102609
Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural plate induces ectopic mid-hindbrain characteristics.
PMID:22723415
Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer cells.
PMID:23824574
Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse.
PMID:25083995
Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and barrier formation.
PMID:28463231
Disruption of lineage specification in adult pulmonary mesenchymal progenitor cells promotes microvascular dysfunction.
PMID:8582267
Lack of beta-catenin affects mouse development at gastrulation.
PMID:9230313
The mouse Fused locus encodes Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway that regulates embryonic axis formation.
GO_REF:0000107
Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara.
GO_REF:0000119
Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation data to mouse-human orthologs.
PMID:10631168
Hippocampus development and generation of dentate gyrus granule cells is regulated by LEF1.
PMID:12551949
Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and beta-catenin inhibit Runx2-dependent transcriptional activation of the osteocalcin promoter.
PMID:12569130
Ectodermal Wnt3/beta-catenin signaling is required for the establishment and maintenance of the apical ectodermal ridge.
PMID:15024079
Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and is directly regulated by beta-catenin.
PMID:15371327
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and necessary for synovial joint formation.
PMID:15576404
Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in osteoblast development.
PMID:15729346
Pax3 functions at a nodal point in melanocyte stem cell differentiation.
PMID:15778706
Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal crypts.
PMID:15781477
Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating mutations inhibits Wnt signaling and osteoblast differentiation.
PMID:15802266
Essential role of beta-catenin in postnatal bone acquisition.
PMID:16025118
Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function disrupts thymic development.
PMID:16192304
Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but not islet development.
PMID:16581771
CCN1/Cyr61 is regulated by the canonical Wnt signal and plays an important role in Wnt3A-induced osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
PMID:16678101
Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate cell-lineage determination.
PMID:16936075
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 expression during somitogenesis.
PMID:17055474
The stabilization of beta-catenin leads to impaired primordial germ cell development via aberrant cell cycle progression.
PMID:17128274
Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.
PMID:17532316
Essential roles of mesenchyme-derived beta-catenin in mouse Müllerian duct morphogenesis.
PMID:17767158
Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt signaling requires ATF/CREB family-mediated transcriptional activation of TGFbeta2.
PMID:18316368
Protein encoded by the Axin(Fu) allele effectively down-regulates Wnt signaling but exerts a dominant negative effect on c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling.
PMID:18692041
Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation: a novel mouse model for tracheal agenesis.
PMID:19056892
A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent p27 turnover in mammary tumors.
PMID:19282366
Genetic interactions of the androgen and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways for the masculinization of external genitalia.
PMID:19515974
Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway inhibits timely myelination and remyelination in the mammalian CNS.
PMID:19686689
Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and sufficient to specify lung progenitors in the foregut.
PMID:19718027
Tcf3 and Tcf4 are essential for long-term homeostasis of skin epithelia.
PMID:19805295
beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse foregut.
PMID:20159597
Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue of a Wnt2-Gata6 pathway required for cardiac inflow tract development.
PMID:20627076
The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway modulates vascular remodeling and specification by upregulating Dll4/Notch signaling.
PMID:21075118
Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin interactions with nonphosphorylated and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
PMID:21750544
The Wnt3a/β-catenin target gene Mesogenin1 controls the segmentation clock by activating a Notch signalling program.
PMID:22956852
Integration of β-catenin, sirtuin, and FOXO signaling protects from mutant huntingtin toxicity.
PMID:24309208
Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dermal condensates is required for hair follicle formation.
PMID:27713508
Conditional Knockout of Breast Carcinoma Amplified Sequence 2 (BCAS2) in Mouse Forebrain Causes Dendritic Malformation via β-catenin.
PMID:31222549
The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits normal bone phenotype.
GO_REF:0000024
TODO: Fetch title
GO_REF:0000033
TODO: Fetch title
GO_REF:0000043
TODO: Fetch title
GO_REF:0000044
TODO: Fetch title
GO_REF:0000096
TODO: Fetch title
GO_REF:0000117
TODO: Fetch title
GO_REF:0000120
TODO: Fetch title
PMID:10318824
Functional domains of axin. Importance of the C terminus as an oligomerization domain.
PMID:10330403
Domains of axin involved in protein-protein interactions, Wnt pathway inhibition, and intracellular localization.
PMID:10481074
A GSK3-binding peptide from FRAT1 selectively inhibits the GSK3-catalysed phosphorylation of axin and beta-catenin.
PMID:10873669
Identification of a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.
PMID:10882138
Structure of the dimerization and beta-catenin-binding region of alpha-catenin.
PMID:10898789
Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.
PMID:10954424
The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1.
PMID:11104755
Substitution of a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation site in presenilin 1 separates presenilin function from beta-catenin signaling.
PMID:11121423
The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absence of beta-catenin. A possible mechanism for regulating cadherin turnover.
PMID:11262227
Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial development.
PMID:11348595
The structure of the beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex and the molecular basis of diverse ligand recognition by beta-catenin.
PMID:11590244
alphaT-catenin: a novel tissue-specific beta-catenin-binding protein mediating strong cell-cell adhesion.
PMID:11731229
FAM deubiquitylating enzyme is essential for preimplantation mouse embryo development.
PMID:11731231
Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin during the development of hair follicle-derived structures.
PMID:11731265
Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of beta-catenin in the developing mouse lung.
PMID:11872843
Colorectal cancer in mice genetically deficient in the mucin Muc2.
PMID:12040017
Mouse mammary epithelial cells express the Na-K-Cl cotransporter, NKCC1: characterization, localization, and involvement in ductal development and morphogenesis.
PMID:12055200
Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis.
PMID:12181493
TCL1 participates in early embryonic development and is overexpressed in human seminomas.
PMID:12203715
Localization of the novel Xin protein to the adherens junction complex in cardiac and skeletal muscle during development.
PMID:12408825
ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family transcription factors and the general coactivator p300 using independent structural modules.
PMID:12421363
Axin negatively affects tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.
PMID:12432063
Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-catenin with alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
PMID:12494996
Loss of desmoglein 2 suggests essential functions for early embryonic development and proliferation of embryonal stem cells.
PMID:12611902
Regulation of the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase by a novel cholesterol- and cell confluence-dependent mechanism.
PMID:12695331
NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by destabilizing adherens junctions.
PMID:12861022
T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse TCF-4, synergizes with beta-catenin to coactivate C/EBPalpha and steroidogenic factor 1 transcription factors.
PMID:12874278
The PDZ protein tax-interacting protein-1 inhibits beta-catenin transcriptional activity and growth of colorectal cancer cells.
PMID:12949260
Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular vasculature and inhibits testosterone synthesis by repressing steroidogenic factor 1/beta-catenin synergy.
PMID:14597196
Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog suppresses embryonic hair follicle morphogenesis.
PMID:14625387
Foxj1 is required for apical localization of ezrin in airway epithelial cells.
PMID:14647292
Mammalian formin-1 participates in adherens junctions and polymerization of linear actin cables.
PMID:14657280
Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell responses to cadherin activation relying on distinct signalling pathways.
PMID:14687547
RORalpha coordinates reciprocal signaling in cerebellar development through sonic hedgehog and calcium-dependent pathways.
PMID:14691142
alpha3beta1 integrin-CD151, a component of the cadherin-catenin complex, regulates PTPmu expression and cell-cell adhesion.
PMID:14758363
The hyh mutation uncovers roles for alpha Snap in apical protein localization and control of neural cell fate.
PMID:14960280
Ozz-E3, a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, regulates beta-catenin degradation during myogenesis.
PMID:14981260
Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Axin regulates subcellular localization of beta-catenin.
PMID:15023525
Ksp-cadherin is a functional cell-cell adhesion molecule related to LI-cadherin.
PMID:15037549
Loss of cell polarity causes severe brain dysplasia in Lgl1 knockout mice.
PMID:15057752
Beta-catenin is temporally regulated during normal liver development.
PMID:15110721
Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to promote neurogenesis.
PMID:15148305
Mammalian Fat1 cadherin regulates actin dynamics and cell-cell contact.
PMID:15226261
Orpk mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential role of primary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization.
PMID:15292239
Defects in cell adhesion and the visceral endoderm following ablation of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A in mice.
PMID:15314168
Cyclin D1 genetic heterozygosity regulates colonic epithelial cell differentiation and tumor number in ApcMin mice.
PMID:15327768
Mechanism of phosphorylation-dependent binding of APC to beta-catenin and its role in beta-catenin degradation.
PMID:15525667
Stabilization of beta-catenin in the mouse zygote leads to premature epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the epiblast.
PMID:15574752
Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.
PMID:15645444
Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon embryonic development.
PMID:15673614
Wnt10b deficiency promotes coexpression of myogenic and adipogenic programs in myoblasts.
PMID:15775979
E-cadherin is essential for in vivo epidermal barrier function by regulating tight junctions.
PMID:15834408
The KIF3 motor transports N-cadherin and organizes the developing neuroepithelium.
PMID:15905404
Functional interaction between beta-catenin and FOXO in oxidative stress signaling.
PMID:15908431
MAGI1 recruits Dll1 to cadherin-based adherens junctions and stabilizes it on the cell surface.
PMID:15987773
Forkhead box A1 regulates prostate ductal morphogenesis and promotes epithelial cell maturation.
PMID:16199027
Vezatin, a protein associated to adherens junctions, is required for mouse blastocyst morphogenesis.
PMID:16249236
Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positioning of an actomyosin network.
PMID:16293619
Thermodynamics of beta-catenin-ligand interactions: the roles of the N- and C-terminal tails in modulating binding affinity.
PMID:16364283
Hex homeobox gene controls the transition of the endoderm to a pseudostratified, cell emergent epithelium for liver bud development.
PMID:16368433
Deficient E-cadherin adhesion in C57BL/6J-Min/+ mice is associated with increased tyrosine kinase activity and RhoA-dependent actomyosin contractility.
PMID:16418220
Desmocollin 3 is required for pre-implantation development of the mouse embryo.
PMID:16439479
Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by limiting mesenchymal Wnt signaling and promoting extracellular matrix production.
PMID:16481394
The transitional junction: a new functional subcellular domain at the intercalated disc.
PMID:16489008
Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell cycle progression.
PMID:16611247
Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified as a target of high-risk HPV E6 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, interacts with adenomatous polyposis coli.
PMID:16678815
Lef1 is required for the transition of Wnt signaling from mesenchymal to epithelial cells in the mouse embryonic mammary gland.
PMID:16740478
Apc tumor suppressor gene is the "zonation-keeper" of mouse liver.
PMID:16858399
C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex neural precursor population.
PMID:16892058
The Rho-GTPase cdc42 regulates neural progenitor fate at the apical surface.
PMID:16962386
Tissue, cellular and sub-cellular localization of the Vangl2 protein during embryonic development: effect of the Lp mutation.
PMID:16973135
Intracellular substrates of brain-enriched receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase rho (RPTPrho/PTPRT).
PMID:16989802
Levels of mesenchymal FGFR2 signaling modulate smooth muscle progenitor cell commitment in the lung.
PMID:17130295
Distinct subdomain organization and molecular composition of a tight junction with adherens junction features.
PMID:17331723
Inhibitory Gli3 activity negatively regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
PMID:17535849
A unique and specific interaction between alphaT-catenin and plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the mixed-type junctional structure of cardiac intercalated discs.
PMID:17544522
Targeted disruption of the murine large nuclear KIAA1440/Ints1 protein causes growth arrest in early blastocyst stage embryos and eventual apoptotic cell death.
PMID:17560563
Fgf10 dosage is critical for the amplification of epithelial cell progenitors and for the formation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development.
PMID:17596282
Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor suppression upon Apc inactivation in the pancreas.
PMID:17615359
Regulation of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis through the adaptor protein MyD88.
PMID:17666436
Shroom2, a myosin-VIIa- and actin-binding protein, directly interacts with ZO-1 at tight junctions.
PMID:17671182
Haploinsufficiency of Krüppel-like factor 4 promotes adenomatous polyposis coli dependent intestinal tumorigenesis.
PMID:17920587
FERM protein EPB41L5 is a novel member of the mammalian CRB-MPP5 polarity complex.
PMID:18202148
Cooperative control via lymphoid enhancer factor 1/T cell factor 3 and estrogen receptor-alpha for uterine gene regulation by estrogen.
PMID:18632848
SUMOylation target sites at the C terminus protect Axin from ubiquitination and confer protein stability.
PMID:18636119
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) mediates atrioventricular-node function and connexin 45 localization in the murine heart.
PMID:18816447
Diverse roles of E-cadherin in the morphogenesis of the submandibular gland: insights into the formation of acinar and ductal structures.
PMID:18978355
Overexpression of TEAD-1 in transgenic mouse striated muscles produces a slower skeletal muscle contractile phenotype.
PMID:19107203
Direct inhibition of GSK3beta by the phosphorylated cytoplasmic domain of LRP6 in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
PMID:19112489
Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin signaling to prevent ectopic metanephric kidney induction.
PMID:19122665
Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neurogenesis.
PMID:19151727
Regulation of cardiovascular development and integrity by the heart of glass-cerebral cavernous malformation protein pathway.
PMID:19213727
Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization through R-spondin 2.
PMID:19458197
Scribble interacts with beta-catenin to localize synaptic vesicles to synapses.
PMID:19497282
Wnt7a activates the planar cell polarity pathway to drive the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells.
PMID:19725955
Arginine methyltransferase CARM1/PRMT4 regulates endochondral ossification.
PMID:19796622
Uncovering early response of gene regulatory networks in ESCs by systematic induction of transcription factors.
PMID:19850029
A critical role for sFRP proteins in maintaining caudal neural tube closure in mice via inhibition of BMP signaling.
PMID:19966784
Sec24b selectively sorts Vangl2 to regulate planar cell polarity during neural tube closure.
PMID:20016102
The small GTPase Rac1 regulates auditory hair cell morphogenesis.
PMID:20089884
Milk secretion and ejection are impaired in the mammary gland of mice harboring a Cx43 mutant while expression and localization of tight and adherens junction proteins remain unchanged.
PMID:20299672
Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.
PMID:20300119
Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates centrosome cohesion.
PMID:20371816
LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
PMID:20399730
The apical complex couples cell fate and cell survival to cerebral cortical development.
PMID:20413591
The TRPV4 channel contributes to intercellular junction formation in keratinocytes.
PMID:20531388
Mutant huntingtin-impaired degradation of beta-catenin causes neurotoxicity in Huntington's disease.
PMID:20802155
Sox17 modulates Wnt3A/beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation of the Lef-1 promoter.
PMID:20837657
Abelson family kinases regulate Frizzled planar cell polarity signaling via Dsh phosphorylation.
PMID:21103407
The leukemia-associated Mllt10/Af10-Dot1l are Tcf4/β-catenin coactivators essential for intestinal homeostasis.
PMID:21262216
The zinc finger transcription factors Osr1 and Osr2 control synovial joint formation.
PMID:21325504
Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervation during sympathetic nervous system development.
PMID:21350016
Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell expansion and differentiation during kidney development.
PMID:21377456
Grainyhead-like 2 regulates neural tube closure and adhesion molecule expression during neural fold fusion.
PMID:21393547
A polarized epithelium organized by beta- and alpha-catenin predates cadherin and metazoan origins.
PMID:21512031
Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size.
PMID:21552260
Nemo kinase phosphorylates β-catenin to promote ommatidial rotation and connects core PCP factors to E-cadherin-β-catenin.
PMID:21730140
Ezrin-mediated apical integrity is required for intestinal homeostasis.
PMID:21751375
Functional analysis of novel phosphorylation sites of CREB-binding protein using mass spectrometry and mammalian two-hybrid assays.
PMID:21752258
A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a candidate regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk: Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival and neuroprotection.
PMID:21991325
RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia differentiation and entry into meiosis in the mouse fetal ovary.
PMID:21991385
Adhesion protein VSIG1 is required for the proper differentiation of glandular gastric epithelia.
PMID:22083958
Histone H1 recruitment by CHD8 is essential for suppression of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.
PMID:22139371
Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3 (Bbs3) knockout mouse model reveals common BBS-associated phenotypes and Bbs3 unique phenotypes.
PMID:22645310
Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via β-catenin.
PMID:22665494
mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt signaling through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in mouse spermatogonial cells.
PMID:22899650
LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytosolic proteins and membrane-localized LRP6.
PMID:23266329
Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus formation and initiation of cytodifferentiation in the embryonic intestinal epithelium.
PMID:23273993
Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and acquisition of stem-cell-like properties.
PMID:23377854
Physiological role of β-catenin/TCF signaling in neurons of the adult brain.
PMID:23460868
β-catenin is essential for efficient in vitro premyogenic mesoderm formation but can be partially compensated by retinoic acid signalling.
PMID:23610556
A positive feedback loop involving Gcm1 and Fzd5 directs chorionic branching morphogenesis in the placenta.
PMID:23740243
Activation of the transcription factor GLI1 by WNT signaling underlies the role of SULFATASE 2 as a regulator of tissue regeneration.
PMID:23856522
Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and cardiovascular differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
PMID:23863479
Tumor suppressor Nf2 limits expansion of the neural progenitor pool by inhibiting Yap/Taz transcriptional coactivators.
PMID:24046456
Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junctions.
PMID:24191021
Sox9 plays multiple roles in the lung epithelium during branching morphogenesis.
PMID:24338362
POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin motor complex.
PMID:24681597
Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
PMID:24847765
From inception to output, Tcf1 and Lef1 safeguard development of T cells and innate immune cells.
PMID:25009587
Depletion of canonical Wnt signaling components has a neuroprotective effect on midbrain dopaminergic neurons in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
PMID:25232112
Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis by controlling subcellular N-cadherin localization.
PMID:25535395
Notch inhibition induces mitotically generated hair cells in mammalian cochleae via activating the Wnt pathway.
PMID:25873176
TGIF governs a feed-forward network that empowers Wnt signaling to drive mammary tumorigenesis.
PMID:25961718
Resveratrol-Induced Vascular Progenitor Differentiation towards Endothelial Lineage via MiR-21/Akt/β-Catenin Is Protective in Vessel Graft Models.
PMID:25979161
Transmembrane protein 64 reciprocally regulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
PMID:26371318
Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical neurogenesis.
PMID:26787558
SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens junction stability and reduced cranial neural crest cell delamination.
PMID:26893351
The transcription factor SOX6 contributes to the developmental origins of obesity by promoting adipogenesis.
PMID:27015268
Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for Tooth Development and Ameloblast Differentiation.
PMID:27375112
Antagonistic Regulation of Intercellular Cohesion by Plakophilins 1 and 3.
PMID:28641114
A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
PMID:29148101
Homeobox protein MSX-1 inhibits expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells during the late bell stage.
PMID:29211732
The mouse Jhy gene regulates ependymal cell differentiation and ciliogenesis.
PMID:30389919
ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal stem cell niche.
PMID:30478225
TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.
PMID:30659184
Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
PMID:31073040
LMBR1L regulates lymphopoiesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
PMID:32533114
ADNP promotes neural differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
PMID:32868762
The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic patterning and differentiation from embryonic to late postnatal development.
PMID:8555428
Immunotoxicologic effects of ethylene dibromide in the mouse and their modulation by the estrous cycle.
PMID:8821035
Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic development and in adult tissues.
PMID:8853988
Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during mouse preimplantation development.
PMID:8909549
The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
PMID:9264463
A specific domain in alpha-catenin mediates binding to beta-catenin or plakoglobin.
PMID:9488439
Two members of the Tcf family implicated in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during embryogenesis in the mouse.
PMID:9554852
Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with beta-catenin, APC, and GSK3beta.
PMID:9950951
Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of apical brush border actin in cystic tubules of bcl-2 -/- mice.
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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: How does β-catenin coordinate its dual roles in cell adhesion and Wnt signaling, and what mechanisms prevent crosstalk?

Q: What determines the tissue-specific requirements for β-catenin in development versus homeostasis?

Q: How do different β-catenin mutations lead to distinct developmental disorders and cancer types?

Q: What role does β-catenin play in stem cell maintenance and differentiation across different tissue types?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Single-cell RNA sequencing of tissues with conditional β-catenin knockout to map cell-type-specific transcriptional programs

Experiment: Super-resolution microscopy to study β-catenin dynamics between adherens junctions and the nucleus during Wnt signaling

Experiment: Cryo-EM structural determination of β-catenin in complex with different binding partners like cadherins and TCF/LEF

Experiment: Lineage tracing in mouse models to study β-catenin function in stem cell fate decisions during development and regeneration

📚 Additional Documentation

Deep Research

(Ctnnb1-deep-research.md)

Deep Research Report: Ctnnb1 (mouse)

Generated using OpenAI Deep Research API

Ctnnb1 (β-Catenin) – Comprehensive Functional Profile

Gene Function and Molecular Mechanisms

Ctnnb1 encodes β-catenin, an 88 kDa protein that plays a dual role in cell adhesion and intracellular signaling (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In cell adhesion, β-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions, linking the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin to α-catenin and the actin cytoskeleton (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). This linkage is crucial for the adhesive function of classical cadherins in forming stable cell–cell contacts in epithelial and other tissues (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). β-Catenin also serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In the absence of Wnt signal, free β-catenin (not bound at cell junctions) is rapidly targeted for destruction: it is phosphorylated on N-terminal serine/threonine residues by a “destruction complex” consisting of AXIN, APC, casein kinase 1, and GSK3β, followed by β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). However, when Wnt ligands are present, this destruction complex is inhibited, allowing β-catenin to stabilize and accumulate in the cytoplasm and eventually translocate into the nucleus (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In the nucleus, β-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex that drives expression of Wnt target genes (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Through these mechanisms, β-catenin links external Wnt signals to changes in gene expression, while also anchoring cell–cell adhesion complexes – a combination of functions that underscores its central role in signal transduction and cell structure (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

Cellular Localization and Subcellular Components

β-Catenin is predominantly found at the plasma membrane in cells, localized to adherens junctions (GO:0005912) where it complexes with cadherins and other catenins in the apicolateral and basolateral membrane regions of epithelial cells (www.informatics.jax.org). This membrane-associated pool of β-catenin is structural, contributing to cell junction assembly and maintenance. A significant portion of β-catenin also exists in the cytosol (GO:0005829), where it is either en route to degradation or poised for signaling. Cytosolic β-catenin participates in the β-catenin destruction complex (GO:1990907) (also referred to as the Axin-APC Wnt signalosome), a multi-protein complex that regulates β-catenin stability in the absence of Wnt signals (www.informatics.jax.org) (genular.atomic-lab.org). Upon Wnt pathway activation, stabilized β-catenin accumulates and translocates to the nucleus (GO:0005634) (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In the nucleus, β-catenin associates with chromatin (particularly euchromatin) as part of transcriptional complexes, co-activating gene expression programs (www.informatics.jax.org). Notably, β-catenin has been observed in specific subcellular structures: for example, it is a component of the Scribble-APC-β-catenin complex (implicated in cell polarity/signaling) and has been detected in neuronal synapses, including the postsynaptic density and synaptic membranes in hippocampal neurons (www.informatics.jax.org). This distribution reflects β-catenin’s ability to shuttle between the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, acting in both structural cell adhesion contexts and gene regulatory contexts as needed.

Biological Processes Involvement

β-Catenin is involved in a wide array of biological processes, consistent with its structural and signaling functions. It is a pivotal mediator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0060070), driving cell fate specification and embryonic patterning. During embryogenesis, β-catenin is required for processes such as embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification, as initially shown by studies in model organisms where ectopic β-catenin can induce a secondary body axis (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In organ development, β-catenin plays essential roles; for instance, it functions in nervous system development and the regulation of neurogenesis, as well as in the formation of organs like the kidney, lungs, and limbs (www.informatics.jax.org) (www.informatics.jax.org). At the cellular level, β-catenin is crucial for cell–cell adhesion (GO:0007155), working as part of adherens junctions that are necessary for maintaining epithelial layer integrity (www.proteinatlas.org). It also participates in the control of gene transcription by RNA polymerase II, reflecting its role as a transcriptional co-regulator in the nucleus (www.informatics.jax.org). β-Catenin activity influences processes like cell proliferation and differentiation, and it has been implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process important in development and cancer metastasis (consistent with its Wnt signaling function). In the context of the nervous system, β-catenin contributes to synapse formation and plasticity; for example, it has been shown to affect synaptic signaling and neurotransmission in neuronal circuits (which may underlie some neurodevelopmental effects) (www.informatics.jax.org). Overall, Ctnnb1/β-catenin is annotated to numerous biological process terms, ranging from cell adhesion and signal transduction to tissue morphogenesis and regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, highlighting its broad functional involvement (www.informatics.jax.org) (genular.atomic-lab.org).

Protein Domains and Structural Features

The β-catenin protein (781 amino acids in mouse) contains several defined regions that correspond to its functional domains. Its central portion (~~ residues 134–697) consists of a series of 12 tandem Armadillo repeats, a 42-amino-acid motif that classifies β-catenin as a member of the Armadillo repeat protein family (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). These Armadillo repeats fold together into a superhelical structure that forms a positively-charged groove, which serves as a versatile protein–protein interaction interface (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Through this interface, β-catenin directly binds multiple partners, including the cytoplasmic tail of cadherins, TCF/LEF transcription factors, and the APC tumor suppressor protein (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The N-terminal region of β-catenin contains several critical phosphorylation sites (Ser/Thr residues) that regulate its stability. In the absence of Wnt, these N-terminal residues (e.g. Ser33/37/Thr41 in human β-catenin) are phosphorylated by casein kinase 1 and GSK3β, marking β-catenin for ubiquitin-mediated degradation (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). This N-terminal “degron” thus acts as a regulatory domain controlling β-catenin’s half-life. In contrast, the C-terminal region of β-catenin (approximately last 100 amino acids) is largely unstructured and is known as the transactivation domain. This C-terminal domain is necessary for β-catenin’s role in gene activation – it engages transcriptional co-activators and components of the basal transcription machinery. For example, experiments in Xenopus have shown that the C-terminal transactivation domain of β-catenin is required to drive Wnt target gene expression during axis formation (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). A fusion of β-catenin’s C-terminal domain to a DNA-binding protein can induce transcription and developmental effects, whereas β-catenin lacking the C-terminus cannot activate target genes effectively (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Thus, structurally, β-catenin can be viewed as having a modular architecture: an N-terminal regulatory domain, a central Armadillo-repeat domain for protein interactions (scaffold for adhesion and signaling complexes), and a C-terminal domain for transcriptional activation. This architecture allows β-catenin to serve as both a scaffolding protein (at cell junctions and in multiprotein complexes) and a gene regulator, depending on context (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

Disease Associations and Phenotypes

Given its fundamental roles, it is not surprising that Ctnnb1/β-catenin is implicated in various diseases and developmental disorders. In humans, heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in CTNNB1 cause a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder (sometimes termed “CTNNB1 syndrome”), characterized by intellectual disability, spastic diplegia, and often congenital retinal dystrophy or exudative vitreoretinopathy due to impaired Wnt signaling in the eye (www.informatics.jax.org). Indeed, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy 7 (FEVR7) is caused by CTNNB1 mutations that disrupt Wnt-mediated vascular development in the retina (www.informatics.jax.org). Mouse models have been used to study autism spectrum disorder and other neuropsychiatric conditions, since alterations in β-catenin/ Wnt signaling or cell adhesion in the brain can lead to synaptic and behavioral defects (www.informatics.jax.org). On the other end of the spectrum, gain-of-function mutations in Ctnnb1 (especially those that stabilize β-catenin by preventing N-terminal phosphorylation) are oncogenic. β-Catenin is a well-known proto-oncogene: somatic CTNNB1 mutations or defects in its regulators (like APC) lead to excessive Wnt signaling, driving uncontrolled cell proliferation. Such activating mutations in CTNNB1 are found in a variety of cancers, notably colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma, medulloblastoma, ovarian cancer, and benign tumors like pilomatrixomas (www.informatics.jax.org) (www.proteinatlas.org). In fact, β-catenin’s involvement in colon cancer was first recognized through its binding to the APC protein, which is mutated in familial adenomatous polyposis coli – loss of APC leads to β-catenin accumulation and transcription of oncogenic Wnt targets (www.proteinatlas.org) (www.proteinatlas.org). Aside from cancer, tissue-specific Ctnnb1 mutations can cause developmental defects; for example, conditional deletion of Ctnnb1 in limb mesenchyme or other contexts results in failures of proper tissue development (due to loss of Wnt signaling in those cells). Germline knockout of Ctnnb1 in mice is embryonic lethal – embryos lacking β-catenin cannot complete pre-implantation development properly, partly because the blastomeres fail to remain adherent without β-catenin-mediated adhesion, causing embryo fragmentation (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In chimeric or conditional settings, β-catenin–deficient embryos show severe gastrulation and patterning defects, underscoring its requirement in early embryonic cell fates. In summary, perturbations of β-catenin activity are associated with a spectrum of phenotypes: developmental disorders when β-catenin function is reduced, and oncogenesis when β-catenin function is hyperactive or unregulated.

Expression Patterns and Regulation

Ctnnb1 is expressed ubiquitously in the mouse, with particularly high expression in certain developing and adult tissues. During embryogenesis, β-catenin mRNA and protein are detected in many tissues, with notable levels in the central nervous system (e.g., embryonic brain) and in limb buds during mid-gestation (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). As development progresses and in adult mice, Ctnnb1 continues to be broadly expressed. β-Catenin is highly expressed in self-renewing and progenitor cell populations – for instance, in the intestinal epithelium, which has a high turnover, β-catenin is expressed in crypt progenitor cells where Wnt signaling actively drives proliferation. A survey of CTNNB1 expression (human data, which parallels mouse) indicates it is widely expressed in multiple tissues and organs, with especially high levels observed in brain, uterus, lung, bladder, and kidney (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In the adult brain, β-catenin is enriched in regions like the cortex and hippocampus, consistent with its roles in synaptic function and neurogenesis (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The regulation of Ctnnb1 expression itself can be tissue-specific: recent studies have identified tissue-specific enhancers that modulate Ctnnb1 transcription in certain contexts (for example, an intestinal enhancer element that fine-tunes β-catenin levels to balance normal gut homeostasis versus tumorigenesis) (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Post-transcriptionally, the abundance of β-catenin protein in cells is chiefly regulated by the Wnt-dependent stabilization/degradation mechanism described earlier, rather than large changes in mRNA levels. Thus, while Ctnnb1 is constitutively expressed in most cell types (house-keeping role in adhesion), the activation state of β-catenin (and hence its function in signaling) is tightly controlled by upstream signals. Additionally, certain external factors and signaling pathways can influence β-catenin’s activity and localization – for instance, growth factors and hormones may modulate GSK3β activity or cadherin availability, indirectly affecting β-catenin. In summary, β-catenin is broadly and constitutively expressed in mammals, reflecting its fundamental role, and its activity is primarily regulated by protein stability and dynamic localization rather than on/off gene expression. This widespread expression pattern aligns with the diverse requirement for β-catenin in various cell types and organs throughout development and adulthood (www.informatics.jax.org) (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

Evolutionary Conservation

β-Catenin is highly conserved across metazoan species, underscoring its importance in essential cellular processes. The human CTNNB1 gene is orthologous to mouse Ctnnb1 with a high degree of sequence identity, and both encode β-catenin proteins with virtually identical domain structures (www.informatics.jax.org). Orthologs of β-catenin exist in all vertebrates and even in more distant animals. In Drosophila melanogaster, for example, the β-catenin homologue is called Armadillo (arm), which was originally discovered as a segment-polarity gene. Armadillo performs the same dual functions as vertebrate β-catenin: it is required for Wingless (Wnt) signaling and for assembly of adherens junctions in the fly (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Studies in Drosophila have demonstrated that the molecular interactions are conserved – Armadillo binds to DE-cadherin and fly α-catenin for adhesion, and translocates to the nucleus to interact with Pangolin (fly TCF) for gene regulation (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). The conservation extends to the level of protein domains (the Armadillo repeat motifs are present in fly Armadillo and show high similarity to those in mouse β-catenin) and function. In Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode), the β-catenin functions are split between multiple paralogous proteins, due to an ancient gene duplication. C. elegans has at least two β-catenin-like proteins: HMP-2, which exclusively mediates cell–cell adhesion by partnering with the single worm cadherin (HMR-1), and BAR-1, which is dedicated to Wnt signaling, forming a complex with POP-1 (TCF) to activate Wnt target genes (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). This suggests that the ancestral β-catenin’s combined roles were partitioned in certain lineages (in worms and some insects) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), whereas in vertebrates and fruit flies a single protein retains both functions. The core Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is thought to be ancient, as even primitive metazoans have Wnt ligands and β-catenin-like molecules to control developmental patterning. The cadherin–catenin cell adhesion complex is also an ancient invention of multicellular animals, indicating β-catenin has been a central player in multicellularity. Overall, the structure and function of β-catenin have been strongly conserved through evolution, from invertebrates to mammals, reflecting the essential and universal nature of Wnt signaling and cadherin-based adhesion in animal biology (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

Key Experimental Evidence and Literature

The functional understanding of β-catenin has been built through classic experiments in cell biology, developmental biology, and genetics. Early biochemical studies that co-immunoprecipitated E-cadherin complexes identified β-catenin (originally as an 88 kDa protein) as a cadherin-associated protein, linking cadherins to the cytoskeleton. This finding explained how cadherins, via catenins, transmit contact inhibition signals to stop cell division once an epithelial layer is confluent (www.proteinatlas.org). Genetic studies in Drosophila were pivotal: mutants in the armadillo gene were found to have disrupted segment development (due to failed Wingless signaling) and loss of epithelial integrity, highlighting both signaling and adhesion roles. A landmark Drosophila structure-function analysis used armadillo mutants to map β-catenin’s functional domains: it revealed that distinct regions of the protein mediate adhesion vs. Wnt signaling, and that these functions can be uncoupled (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). For example, the binding sites for DE-cadherin and α-catenin on Armadillo were mapped, and both interactions were shown to be required for adherens junction function (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Separately, two regions crucial for Wingless/Wnt signaling were identified, and it was demonstrated that Armadillo protein accumulates in the nucleus to transmit the Wingless signal (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). These experiments provided direct evidence that β-catenin moves to the nucleus and that its roles in adhesion and signaling are molecularly separable (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). In vertebrates, a classic experiment in Xenopus laevis showed that microinjection of β-catenin mRNA into early embryos leads to the formation of a secondary body axis, effectively duplicating the embryonic organizer – a powerful demonstration that β-catenin activation is sufficient to induce major developmental programs (a hallmark of Wnt signaling) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Conversely, blockade of β-catenin (or its co-factor TCF) in embryos causes loss of dorsal structures, confirming its necessity in axis formation. In mouse models, Ctnnb1 knockout studies underscored the protein’s essential functions: embryos entirely lacking β-catenin arrest early in development. Notably, zygotic Ctnnb1 null embryos fail to complete blastocyst implantation, in part because their cells cannot adhere properly (blastomeres in β-catenin–deficient embryos tend to dissociate) (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Conditional knockouts have further revealed tissue-specific requirements – for instance, deleting β-catenin in neural progenitors or in synaptic proteins has been shown to cause defects in synapse development and behavior, linking β-catenin to neurological phenotypes (e.g., autism-like behaviors in mice) (www.informatics.jax.org). In cancer biology, key evidence for β-catenin’s role came from the discovery of CTNNB1 mutations in tumors and from cell culture experiments: introducing stable, mutant β-catenin into normal cells drives them to adopt cancer-like traits, such as loss of contact inhibition and anchorage-independent growth. For example, one study showed that oncogenic β-catenin can block anoikis (detachment-induced cell death) in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells, promoting their survival and growth in suspension (www.proteinatlas.org). Structural biology has also contributed to our understanding: the crystal structure of β-catenin’s Armadillo repeat domain revealed how it forms a scaffold to accommodate various binding partners (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). This structural insight has guided the design of inhibitors that disrupt β-catenin’s interaction with TCF or other partners as potential therapeutic strategies in Wnt-driven cancers. Together, these experimental findings from diverse approaches provide a comprehensive picture of β-catenin as a protein that is indispensable for developmental processes and tissue architecture, and when dysregulated, a driver of disease.

Relevant Gene Ontology (GO) Terms

The multifaceted roles of Ctnnb1/β-catenin are captured by numerous Gene Ontology annotations, supported by experimental evidence in mouse and other species. Key GO terms associated with this gene include:

  • Molecular Function (MF):
  • Cadherin binding (GO:0045296) – β-catenin binds the cytoplasmic domain of cadherins at cell junctions (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
  • Alpha-catenin binding (GO:0034333) – interacts with α-catenin to link cadherin complexes to actin filaments (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
  • Transcription factor binding (GO:0008134) – binds TCF/LEF transcription factors in the nucleus to co-regulate gene expression (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).
  • Enzyme binding (GO:0019899) – associates with various enzymes (e.g., kinases like GSK3β, or others in signaling complexes) (www.informatics.jax.org).

  • (β-Catenin has also been noted as a transcription co-activator, facilitating RNA polymerase II transcription, which corresponds to its role in transcription regulation.)

  • Biological Process (BP):

  • Canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0060070) – mediates Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction leading to target gene activation (genular.atomic-lab.org).
  • Cell–cell adhesion (GO:0098609) – essential for adherens junction assembly and maintenance of tissue architecture (www.proteinatlas.org) (www.proteinatlas.org).
  • Regulation of transcription, DNA-templated (GO:0006355) – influences transcription of specific genes as part of the β-catenin/TCF complex (www.informatics.jax.org).
  • Neurogenesis (GO:0022008) – involved in nervous system development and generation of neurons (www.proteinatlas.org).
  • Embryonic morphogenesis (GO:0048598) – required for proper embryonic development and body plan formation (www.informatics.jax.org).
  • Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0001837) – participates in EMT during development and cancer progression (through Wnt signaling effects).

  • (Additional processes: β-catenin is also linked to cell proliferation, apoptosis regulation, stem cell maintenance, and axis specification as evidenced by various studies.)

  • Cellular Component (CC):

  • Adherens junction (GO:0005912) – localized at cadherin-based adherens junctions in the plasma membrane (www.proteinatlas.org).
  • Catenin complex (GO:0044338) – a component of the cadherin–catenin complex that mediates cell adhesion.
  • Cytosol (GO:0005829) – cytosolic pool where β-catenin is regulated by the destruction complex (genular.atomic-lab.org).
  • Nucleus (GO:0005634) – translocates to the nucleus to form transcriptional complexes on DNA (www.informatics.jax.org).
  • β-Catenin destruction complex (GO:1990907) – part of the Axin/APC/GSK3β complex that controls β-catenin stability (genular.atomic-lab.org).
  • Postsynaptic density (GO:0014069) – present at neuronal synapses, indicating a role in synaptic structure/function (www.informatics.jax.org).

Each of these GO terms is supported by experimental evidence (e.g., physical binding assays, localization studies, mutant phenotypes) from the literature. These annotations are useful for capturing the multi-functional nature of β-catenin in Gene Ontology, aiding curators and researchers in understanding the gene’s roles in a structured, searchable manner.

Deep Research Bioreason

(Ctnnb1-deep-research-bioreason.md)

BioReason Chat Export

Exported on March 22, 2026 at 01:25 AM

Organism: Mus musculus

Sequence:

MATQADLMELDMAMEPDRKAAVSHWQQQSYLDSGIHSGATTTAPSLSGKGNPEEEDVDTSQVLYEWEQGFSQSFTQEQVADIDGQYAMTRAQRVRAAMFPETLDEGMQIPSTQFDAAHPTNVQRLAEPSQMLKHAVVNLINYQDDAELATRAIPELTKLLNDEDQVVVNKAAVMVHQLSKKEASRHAIMRSPQMVSAIVRTMQNTNDVETARCTAGTLHNLSHHREGLLAIFKSGGIPALVKMLGSPVDSVLFYAITTLHNLLLHQEGAKMAVRLAGGLQKMVALLNKTNVKFLAITTDCLQILAYGNQESKLIILASGGPQALVNIMRTYTYEKLLWTTSRVLKVLSVCSSNKPAIVEAGGMQALGLHLTDPSQRLVQNCLWTLRNLSDAATKQEGMEGLLGTLVQLLGSDDINVVTCAAGILSNLTCNNYKNKMMVCQVGGIEALVRTVLRAGDREDITEPAICALRHLTSRHQEAEMAQNAVRLHYGLPVVVKLLHPPSHWPLIKATVGLIRNLALCPANHAPLREQGAIPRLVQLLVRAHQDTQRRTSMGGTQQQFVEGVRMEEIVEGCTGALHILARDVHNRIVIRGLNTIPLFVQLLYSPIENIQRVAAGVLCELAQDKEAAEAIEAEGATAPLTELLHSRNEGVATYAAAVLFRMSEDKPQDYKKRLSVELTSSLFRTEPMAWNETADLGLDIGAQGEALGYRQDDPSYRSFHSGGYGQDALGMDPMMEHEMGGHHPGADYPVDGLPDLGHAQDLMDGLPPGDSNQLAWFDTDL

Thinking Trace

I begin with the InterPro architecture. The sequence is assigned to IPR013284 (Beta-catenin family, residues 3–781), establishing membership in the beta-catenin/plakoglobin/plastin lineage that forms armadillo-repeat scaffolds. Nested within this, IPR011989 (Armadillo-like helical homologous superfamily, residues 123–666) and IPR016024 (Armadillo-type fold homologous superfamily, residues 135–664) define a central alpha-helical solenoid composed of tandem armadillo repeats. The repeat core is explicitly captured by IPR000225 (Armadillo repeat, residues 141–664). This ordered array of armadillo repeats creates an extended, positively charged groove that binds diverse partners—classically cadherin cytoplasmic tails and catenins—through multivalent, shape-complementary interactions. The N-terminal family signature and C-terminal tail together tune affinity and selectivity, causing robust protein–protein interaction capacity rather than catalysis.

This armadillo-repeat scaffold dictates molecular function as a binding hub. The repeat architecture generates high-affinity surfaces for assembling multiprotein complexes, supporting GO:0005515 protein binding as the primary molecular function. In beta-catenin family proteins, the same scaffold often coordinates junctional assemblies and transcriptional regulators; here, the absence of enzymatic motifs and the dominance of repeat-mediated interfaces argue that binding and scaffolding—not enzymatic activity—are the core functions.

From function to process, the armadillo scaffold couples two major pathways. First, it nucleates adherens junctions by docking to cadherin cytoplasmic domains and recruiting other catenins, driving cell–cell adhesion and junction maturation—central to adherens junction assembly and maintenance. Second, members of this family can shuttle to nuclear complexes and modulate transcriptional programs; although this isoform’s detailed roles are not fully resolved, the capacity of the armadillo core to assemble regulatory complexes rationalizes participation in signal-responsive gene control that coordinates with junctional signaling.

The cellular context follows directly from the scaffold’s role. The absence of transmembrane segments and the presence of extensive interaction surfaces predict a soluble cytoplasmic protein that concentrates at cell–cell junctions. This matches a junctional adaptor that operates at adherens junctions while remaining cytoplasmic when not bound, aligning with the observed cytoplasm/cytostroma and junctional enrichment.

Mechanistically, I hypothesize that this armadillo-repeat scaffold forms a high-avidity platform at adherens junctions, binding cadherin tails and recruiting alpha-catenin/plakophilins to stabilize the adhesion complex. Dynamic exchange with cytoplasmic pools likely allows regulated assembly with transcriptional co-regulators under signaling cues. Likely partners include classical cadherins and the catenin network at junctions, with transient associations to transcriptional regulators that tune adhesion-coupled gene expression.

Functional Summary

A cytoplasmic armadillo-repeat scaffold that concentrates at cell–cell junctions to organize multiprotein assemblies. By using a tandem helical repeat core, it binds cytoplasmic adhesion receptors and junctional adaptors to stabilize adherens junction architecture while dynamically exchanging with soluble pools. This binding-driven mechanism positions it to coordinate adhesion with signal-responsive gene regulation, operating predominantly at junctions within the cytoplasmic compartment.

UniProt Summary

Not yet known.

InterPro Domains

  • Beta-catenin (IPR013284, family) — residues 3-781
  • Armadillo-like helical (IPR011989, homologous_superfamily) — residues 123-666
  • Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024, homologous_superfamily) — residues 135-664
  • Armadillo (IPR000225, repeat) — residues 141-664

GO Terms

Molecular Function: molecular_function (GO:0003674), molecular function regulator activity (GO:0098772), binding (GO:0005488), transcription regulator activity (GO:0140110), molecular function activator activity (GO:0140677), heterocyclic compound binding (GO:1901363), chromatin binding (GO:0003682), organic cyclic compound binding (GO:0097159), transcription coregulator activity (GO:0003712), protein binding (GO:0005515), transcription factor binding (GO:0008134), nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676), alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294), protein domain specific binding (GO:0019904), cell adhesion molecule binding (GO:0050839), enzyme binding (GO:0019899), transcription coactivator activity (GO:0003713), cadherin binding (GO:0045296), DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0140297), kinase binding (GO:0019900), transcription coregulator binding (GO:0001221), disordered domain specific binding (GO:0097718), histone methyltransferase binding (GO:1990226), phosphatase binding (GO:0019902), RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0061629), protein kinase binding (GO:0019901), protein phosphatase binding (GO:0019903), nuclear receptor binding (GO:0016922)

Biological Process: biological_process (GO:0008150), biological regulation (GO:0065007), response to stimulus (GO:0050896), reproductive process (GO:0022414), regulation of biological process (GO:0050789), reproduction (GO:0000003), multicellular organismal process (GO:0032501), metabolic process (GO:0008152), homeostatic process (GO:0042592), immune system process (GO:0002376), localization (GO:0051179), signaling (GO:0023052), growth (GO:0040007), negative regulation of biological process (GO:0048519), positive regulation of biological process (GO:0048518), developmental process (GO:0032502), cellular process (GO:0009987), anatomical structure development (GO:0048856), negative regulation of signaling (GO:0023057), developmental process involved in reproduction (GO:0003006), multicellular organismal-level homeostasis (GO:0048871), anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis (GO:0048646), regulation of biological quality (GO:0065008), regulation of response to stimulus (GO:0048583), developmental maturation (GO:0021700), negative regulation of cellular process (GO:0048523), biosynthetic process (GO:0009058), establishment of localization (GO:0051234), macromolecule localization (GO:0033036), developmental growth (GO:0048589), leukocyte activation (GO:0045321), cell population proliferation (GO:0008283), nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0006807), negative regulation of multicellular organismal process (GO:0051241), cell death (GO:0008219), regulation of signaling (GO:0023051), negative regulation of developmental process (GO:0051093), signal transduction (GO:0007165), cell activation (GO:0001775), tissue remodeling (GO:0048771), immune system development (GO:0002520), developmental induction (GO:0031128), morphogenesis of a branching structure (GO:0001763), positive regulation of developmental process (GO:0051094), negative regulation of response to stimulus (GO:0048585), sexual reproduction (GO:0019953), cellular localization (GO:0051641), positive regulation of multicellular organismal process (GO:0051240), molting cycle (GO:0042303), pattern specification process (GO:0007389), cellular component organization or biogenesis (GO:0071840), regulation of multicellular organismal process (GO:0051239), negative regulation of metabolic process (GO:0009892), positive regulation of reproductive process (GO:2000243), cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism (GO:0022412), regulation of cellular process (GO:0050794), cellular response to stimulus (GO:0051716), cellular developmental process (GO:0048869), organ growth (GO:0035265), regulation of metabolic process (GO:0019222), positive regulation of response to stimulus (GO:0048584), molting cycle process (GO:0022404), ossification (GO:0001503), regulation of molecular function (GO:0065009), cell communication (GO:0007154), positive regulation of cellular process (GO:0048522), anatomical structure morphogenesis (GO:0009653), cell motility (GO:0048870), regulation of reproductive process (GO:2000241), multicellular organism reproduction (GO:0032504), cell-cell signaling (GO:0007267), regulation of developmental process (GO:0050793), negative regulation of immune system process (GO:0002683), response to endogenous stimulus (GO:0009719), organelle localization (GO:0051640), positive regulation of signaling (GO:0023056), multicellular organism development (GO:0007275), cell adhesion (GO:0007155), regulation of immune system process (GO:0002682), organic substance metabolic process (GO:0071704), cellular metabolic process (GO:0044237), positive regulation of metabolic process (GO:0009893), multicellular organismal reproductive process (GO:0048609), primary metabolic process (GO:0044238), neural precursor cell proliferation (GO:0061351), hypothalamus development (GO:0021854), tube formation (GO:0035148), regulation of response to stress (GO:0080134), stem cell proliferation (GO:0072089), animal organ development (GO:0048513), regulation of hemopoiesis (GO:1903706), negative regulation of vasculature development (GO:1901343), negative regulation of hemopoiesis (GO:1903707), synaptic signaling (GO:0099536), regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis (GO:0022603), negative regulation of cell cycle (GO:0045786), nephron development (GO:0072006), midbrain development (GO:0030901), positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0051173), positive regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045597), appendage development (GO:0048736), germ cell development (GO:0007281), organic substance biosynthetic process (GO:1901576), animal organ formation (GO:0048645), cell-cell signaling by wnt (GO:0198738), positive regulation of muscle tissue development (GO:1901863), regulation of cellular response to stress (GO:0080135), hindbrain development (GO:0030902), cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0044249), macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0043170), positive regulation of biosynthetic process (GO:0009891), muscle structure development (GO:0061061), regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0042127), regulation of cell death (GO:0010941), regionalization (GO:0003002), negative regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045596), transport (GO:0006810), regulation of cellular metabolic process (GO:0031323), positive regulation of cell communication (GO:0010647), hair cycle process (GO:0022405), regulation of primary metabolic process (GO:0080090), ectodermal placode development (GO:0071696), negative regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009968), negative regulation of cell death (GO:0060548), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), negative regulation of nervous system development (GO:0051961), system development (GO:0048731), myoblast proliferation (GO:0051450), ectodermal placode formation (GO:0060788), regulation of leukocyte activation (GO:0002694), regulation of binding (GO:0051098), heart growth (GO:0060419), tube development (GO:0035295), cell morphogenesis (GO:0000902), regulation of cell cycle (GO:0051726), animal organ morphogenesis (GO:0009887), cell maturation (GO:0048469), regulation of myelination (GO:0031641), apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:0097190), pallium development (GO:0021543), cell surface receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007166), sex differentiation (GO:0007548), regulation of cellular component organization (GO:0051128), cranial skeletal system development (GO:1904888), cell-substrate adhesion (GO:0031589), positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284), tube morphogenesis (GO:0035239), negative regulation of cell communication (GO:0010648), axis specification (GO:0009798), cell-cell adhesion (GO:0098609), hair follicle morphogenesis (GO:0031069), morphogenesis of a branching epithelium (GO:0061138), cardiac chamber development (GO:0003205), negative regulation of cellular metabolic process (GO:0031324), cell fate commitment (GO:0045165), cell fate determination (GO:0001709), embryonic morphogenesis (GO:0048598), lens development in camera-type eye (GO:0002088), tissue homeostasis (GO:0001894), hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development (GO:0048534), negative regulation of cartilage development (GO:0061037), hair cycle (GO:0042633), regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009966), foregut morphogenesis (GO:0007440), regulation of macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0060255), reproductive structure development (GO:0048608), cellular aromatic compound metabolic process (GO:0006725), vesicle localization (GO:0051648), positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0010718), regulation of cellular component biogenesis (GO:0044087), establishment of organelle localization (GO:0051656), negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0010605), regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure (GO:0060688), muscle cell proliferation (GO:0033002), embryo development (GO:0009790), regulation of cell cycle process (GO:0010564), regulation of cell activation (GO:0050865), nerve development (GO:0021675), regulation of catalytic activity (GO:0050790), negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0051172), cerebral cortex development (GO:0021987), positive regulation of molecular function (GO:0044093), positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0010604), blood vessel development (GO:0001568), telencephalon development (GO:0021537), heterocycle metabolic process (GO:0046483), establishment of localization in cell (GO:0051649), appendage morphogenesis (GO:0035107), cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0034641), angiogenesis (GO:0001525), formation of primary germ layer (GO:0001704), regulation of multicellular organismal development (GO:2000026), diencephalon development (GO:0021536), positive regulation of cellular metabolic process (GO:0031325), bone remodeling (GO:0046849), regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0051090), epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050673), cellular macromolecule localization (GO:0070727), negative regulation of biosynthetic process (GO:0009890), male sex differentiation (GO:0046661), regulation of muscle tissue development (GO:1901861), regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus (GO:0090287), mesenchymal cell proliferation (GO:0010463), tissue morphogenesis (GO:0048729), programmed cell death (GO:0012501), cell development (GO:0048468), cardiac muscle tissue growth (GO:0055017), response to growth factor (GO:0070848), cell fate specification (GO:0001708), cellular response to endogenous stimulus (GO:0071495), regulation of synapse structure or activity (GO:0050803), lymphocyte activation (GO:0046649), anatomical structure maturation (GO:0071695), organic cyclic compound metabolic process (GO:1901360), genitalia morphogenesis (GO:0035112), lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye (GO:0002089), forebrain development (GO:0030900), regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0051171), hair follicle development (GO:0001942), nephron morphogenesis (GO:0072028), regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045595), cellular component organization (GO:0016043), oocyte differentiation (GO:0009994), positive regulation of nervous system development (GO:0051962), cell migration (GO:0016477), positive regulation of animal organ morphogenesis (GO:0110110), positive regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009967), gamete generation (GO:0007276), intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556), osteoblast differentiation (GO:0001649), cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling (GO:1905114), positive regulation of cellular component organization (GO:0051130), embryonic pattern specification (GO:0009880), anatomical structure homeostasis (GO:0060249), tissue development (GO:0009888), nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0006139), head development (GO:0060322), regulation of cell communication (GO:0010646), regulation of biosynthetic process (GO:0009889), cardiac chamber morphogenesis (GO:0003206), ectodermal placode morphogenesis (GO:0071697), positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium (GO:1905332), endoderm development (GO:0007492), nephron epithelium development (GO:0072009), skeletal system morphogenesis (GO:0048705), regulation of synapse organization (GO:0050807), regulation of protein metabolic process (GO:0051246), cranial nerve development (GO:0021545), positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation (GO:0002053), regulation of epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050678), anterior/posterior axis specification (GO:0009948), cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0007160), synaptic vesicle cycle (GO:0099504), regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death (GO:1903201), muscle cell differentiation (GO:0042692), neuron migration (GO:0001764), skeletal system development (GO:0001501), embryonic heart tube development (GO:0035050), cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development (GO:0061311), oocyte development (GO:0048599), circulatory system development (GO:0072359), regulation of response to oxidative stress (GO:1902882), forebrain cell migration (GO:0021885), cerebral cortex cell migration (GO:0021795), regulation of osteoblast differentiation (GO:0045667), regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis (GO:2000136), trachea development (GO:0060438), regulation of vasculature development (GO:1901342), positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030858), response to fibroblast growth factor (GO:0071774), lung cell differentiation (GO:0060479), limb morphogenesis (GO:0035108), cell fate commitment involved in formation of primary germ layer (GO:0060795), epithelial tube formation (GO:0072175), positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0010557), chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0002062), positive regulation of histone methylation (GO:0031062), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), regulation of DNA binding (GO:0051101), I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling (GO:0007249), regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0019219), dorsal/ventral axis specification (GO:0009950), epithelium development (GO:0060429), positive regulation of organelle organization (GO:0010638), positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0031328), cellular response to growth factor stimulus (GO:0071363), regulation of animal organ formation (GO:0003156), regulation of epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030856), respiratory system development (GO:0060541), regulation of mitotic cell cycle (GO:0007346), regulation of programmed cell death (GO:0043067), nephron epithelium morphogenesis (GO:0072088), gland development (GO:0048732), gastrulation (GO:0007369), cardiac ventricle development (GO:0003231), bone resorption (GO:0045453), morphogenesis of an epithelium (GO:0002009), positive regulation of neurogenesis (GO:0050769), skin development (GO:0043588), morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium (GO:0016331), coronary vasculature development (GO:0060976), branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube (GO:0048754), cardiac ventricle morphogenesis (GO:0003208), regulation of myeloid cell differentiation (GO:0045637), embryonic organ development (GO:0048568), cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation (GO:0000904), renal tubule development (GO:0061326), regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development (GO:0048641), limbic system development (GO:0021761), negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation (GO:0045638), nucleic acid metabolic process (GO:0090304), proximal/distal pattern formation (GO:0009954), branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis (GO:0001569), regulation of chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0032330), negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0031327), negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0030178), regulation of animal organ morphogenesis (GO:2000027), negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0045934), gene expression (GO:0010467), positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0051091), renal system development (GO:0072001), glial cell fate commitment (GO:0021781), cardiac muscle cell proliferation (GO:0060038), neuroblast proliferation (GO:0007405), reproductive system development (GO:0061458), endoderm formation (GO:0001706), positive regulation of DNA metabolic process (GO:0051054), embryonic organ morphogenesis (GO:0048562), synaptic vesicle localization (GO:0097479), regulation of cell junction assembly (GO:1901888), positive regulation of cell development (GO:0010720), urogenital system development (GO:0001655), positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628), muscle organ morphogenesis (GO:0048644), regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation (GO:0010464), negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death (GO:1903202), regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001233), endodermal cell differentiation (GO:0035987), regulation of histone methylation (GO:0031060), positive regulation of binding (GO:0051099), positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0045935), respiratory tube development (GO:0030323), prostate gland development (GO:0030850), glial cell migration (GO:0008347), trans-synaptic signaling (GO:0099537), negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0010558), cardiocyte differentiation (GO:0035051), regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0010717), digestive tract development (GO:0048565), neuron differentiation (GO:0030182), cartilage development (GO:0051216), ganglion development (GO:0061548), epithelial tube morphogenesis (GO:0060562), embryonic digit morphogenesis (GO:0042733), regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0010556), sensory system development (GO:0048880), vasculature development (GO:0001944), connective tissue development (GO:0061448), glial cell differentiation (GO:0010001), telencephalon cell migration (GO:0022029), oviduct development (GO:0060066), establishment of vesicle localization (GO:0051650), kidney morphogenesis (GO:0060993), thymus development (GO:0048538), regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468), regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation (GO:2000177), regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress (GO:1900407), striated muscle cell proliferation (GO:0014855), regulation of embryonic development (GO:0045995), negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle (GO:0045930), synaptic vesicle transport (GO:0048489), positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction (GO:1902533), dorsal/ventral pattern formation (GO:0009953), mesonephric tubule development (GO:0072164), positive regulation of catalytic activity (GO:0043085), negative regulation of gene expression (GO:0010629), negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis (GO:2000181), heart development (GO:0007507), artery development (GO:0060840), autonomic nervous system development (GO:0048483), sympathetic nervous system development (GO:0048485), negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation (GO:1902106), leukocyte differentiation (GO:0002521), enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway (GO:0007167), neuron fate commitment (GO:0048663), regulation of DNA metabolic process (GO:0051052), aromatic compound biosynthetic process (GO:0019438), regulation of cell development (GO:0060284), sensory organ development (GO:0007423), positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation (GO:2000179), genitalia development (GO:0048806), oogenesis (GO:0048477), regulation of neuron death (GO:1901214), negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001234), regulation of Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0030111), regulation of glial cell differentiation (GO:0045685), myeloid cell differentiation (GO:0030099), positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050679), regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0040036), neurogenesis (GO:0022008), positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0045743), positive regulation of RNA metabolic process (GO:0051254), regulation of cartilage development (GO:0061035), trachea morphogenesis (GO:0060439), muscle tissue development (GO:0060537), regulation of cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0031326), regulation of stem cell proliferation (GO:0072091), embryonic axis specification (GO:0000578), regulation of organelle organization (GO:0033043), cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process (GO:0044271), positive regulation of stem cell proliferation (GO:2000648), embryonic appendage morphogenesis (GO:0035113), regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0045765), pancreas development (GO:0031016), protein localization (GO:0008104), regulation of transferase activity (GO:0051338), muscle organ development (GO:0007517), positive regulation of myoblast proliferation (GO:2000288), negative regulation of cell development (GO:0010721), cell junction organization (GO:0034330), embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching (GO:0009792), negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0032331), macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0009059), lung morphogenesis (GO:0060425), organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process (GO:1901362), digestive system development (GO:0055123), negative regulation of programmed cell death (GO:0043069), Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0016055), MAPK cascade (GO:0000165), odontogenesis (GO:0042476), sensory organ morphogenesis (GO:0090596), neuron fate determination (GO:0048664), positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation (GO:0045669), regulation of leukocyte proliferation (GO:0070663), lymphocyte differentiation (GO:0030098), brain development (GO:0007420), regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium (GO:1905330), negative regulation of neurogenesis (GO:0050768), positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development (GO:0048643), nervous system development (GO:0007399), heart morphogenesis (GO:0003007), female gamete generation (GO:0007292), epidermis development (GO:0008544), heterocycle biosynthetic process (GO:0018130), vasculogenesis (GO:0001570), regulation of sister chromatid cohesion (GO:0007063), regulation of leukocyte differentiation (GO:1902105), central nervous system development (GO:0007417), ectoderm development (GO:0007398), regulation of RNA metabolic process (GO:0051252), regulation of lymphocyte activation (GO:0051249), negative regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0016525), hemopoiesis (GO:0030097), regulation of myoblast proliferation (GO:2000291), negative regulation of neuron death (GO:1901215), muscle tissue morphogenesis (GO:0060415), male genitalia development (GO:0030539), regulation of nervous system development (GO:0051960), mesenchyme development (GO:0060485), digestive tract morphogenesis (GO:0048546), epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030855), nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process (GO:0034654), lung development (GO:0030324), stem cell differentiation (GO:0048863), mesenchyme morphogenesis (GO:0072132), blood vessel morphogenesis (GO:0048514), negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030857), positive regulation of protein metabolic process (GO:0051247), T cell activation (GO:0042110), limb development (GO:0060173), vesicle-mediated transport (GO:0016192), negative regulation of RNA metabolic process (GO:0051253), kidney development (GO:0001822), regulation of intracellular signal transduction (GO:1902531), anterior/posterior pattern specification (GO:0009952), regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0042981), regulation of lymphocyte proliferation (GO:0050670), negative regulation of gliogenesis (GO:0014014), striated muscle tissue development (GO:0014706), mesonephros development (GO:0001823), regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation (GO:0032944), regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic (GO:0009794), renal tubule morphogenesis (GO:0061333), regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation (GO:0051569), branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis (GO:0001658), regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation (GO:0048713), positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process (GO:1902680), tongue development (GO:0043586), artery morphogenesis (GO:0048844), negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation (GO:0002762), regulation of MAPK cascade (GO:0043408), positive regulation of transferase activity (GO:0051347), cardiac muscle tissue development (GO:0048738), kidney epithelium development (GO:0072073), positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation (GO:0051571), cranial ganglion development (GO:0061550), columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0002065), gliogenesis (GO:0042063), neural plate development (GO:0001840), telencephalon glial cell migration (GO:0022030)

Cellular Component: cellular_component (GO:0005575), cellular anatomical entity (GO:0110165), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991), basal part of cell (GO:0045178), chromatin (GO:0000785), Z disc (GO:0030018), cell junction (GO:0030054), intracellular protein-containing complex (GO:0140535), postsynapse (GO:0098794), sarcomere (GO:0030017), extrinsic component of membrane (GO:0019898), I band (GO:0031674), transcription regulator complex (GO:0005667), membrane-enclosed lumen (GO:0031974), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), supramolecular complex (GO:0099080), microtubule organizing center (GO:0005815), intracellular anatomical structure (GO:0005622), organelle (GO:0043226), cell projection (GO:0042995), lateral plasma membrane (GO:0016328), membrane (GO:0016020), cytosol (GO:0005829), presynapse (GO:0098793), cell periphery (GO:0071944), membrane protein complex (GO:0098796), cell leading edge (GO:0031252), apical part of cell (GO:0045177), Wnt signalosome (GO:1990909), presynaptic active zone (GO:0048786), catalytic complex (GO:1902494), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), nuclear protein-containing complex (GO:0140513), RNA polymerase II transcription repressor complex (GO:0090571), plasma membrane bounded cell projection (GO:0120025), intracellular organelle (GO:0043229), synapse (GO:0045202), cytoplasmic region (GO:0099568), plasma membrane protein complex (GO:0098797), anchoring junction (GO:0070161), membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043227), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), postsynaptic specialization (GO:0099572), supramolecular polymer (GO:0099081), contractile fiber (GO:0043292), extrinsic component of plasma membrane (GO:0019897), euchromatin (GO:0000791), transcription repressor complex (GO:0017053), cell cortex (GO:0005938), lamellipodium (GO:0030027), RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex (GO:0090575), non-membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043228), centrosome (GO:0005813), postsynaptic membrane (GO:0045211), presynaptic membrane (GO:0042734), basal plasma membrane (GO:0009925), plasma membrane region (GO:0098590), organelle lumen (GO:0043233), membrane microdomain (GO:0098857), presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component (GO:0098831), beta-catenin destruction complex (GO:0030877), apicolateral plasma membrane (GO:0016327), membrane raft (GO:0045121), Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse (GO:0098685), cell projection membrane (GO:0031253), catenin complex (GO:0016342), intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043232), postsynaptic density (GO:0014069), glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978), beta-catenin-TCF complex (GO:1990907), neuron to neuron synapse (GO:0098984), supramolecular fiber (GO:0099512), myofibril (GO:0030016), plasma membrane raft (GO:0044853), intracellular organelle lumen (GO:0070013), actin-based cell projection (GO:0098858), synaptic membrane (GO:0097060), intracellular membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043231), postsynaptic specialization, intracellular component (GO:0099091), basolateral plasma membrane (GO:0016323), cell-cell junction (GO:0005911), cell cortex region (GO:0099738), apical junction complex (GO:0043296), asymmetric synapse (GO:0032279), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), cell-cell contact zone (GO:0044291), chromosome (GO:0005694), microvillus (GO:0005902), caveola (GO:0005901), postsynaptic density, intracellular component (GO:0099092), nucleus (GO:0005634), nuclear lumen (GO:0031981), tight junction (GO:0070160), adherens junction (GO:0005912), microvillus membrane (GO:0031528), bicellular tight junction (GO:0005923), microtubule cytoskeleton (GO:0015630), intercalated disc (GO:0014704)

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Deep Research Bioreason Rl

(Ctnnb1-deep-research-bioreason-rl.md)

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Exported on March 22, 2026 at 01:25 AM

Organism: Mus musculus

Sequence:

MATQADLMELDMAMEPDRKAAVSHWQQQSYLDSGIHSGATTTAPSLSGKGNPEEEDVDTSQVLYEWEQGFSQSFTQEQVADIDGQYAMTRAQRVRAAMFPETLDEGMQIPSTQFDAAHPTNVQRLAEPSQMLKHAVVNLINYQDDAELATRAIPELTKLLNDEDQVVVNKAAVMVHQLSKKEASRHAIMRSPQMVSAIVRTMQNTNDVETARCTAGTLHNLSHHREGLLAIFKSGGIPALVKMLGSPVDSVLFYAITTLHNLLLHQEGAKMAVRLAGGLQKMVALLNKTNVKFLAITTDCLQILAYGNQESKLIILASGGPQALVNIMRTYTYEKLLWTTSRVLKVLSVCSSNKPAIVEAGGMQALGLHLTDPSQRLVQNCLWTLRNLSDAATKQEGMEGLLGTLVQLLGSDDINVVTCAAGILSNLTCNNYKNKMMVCQVGGIEALVRTVLRAGDREDITEPAICALRHLTSRHQEAEMAQNAVRLHYGLPVVVKLLHPPSHWPLIKATVGLIRNLALCPANHAPLREQGAIPRLVQLLVRAHQDTQRRTSMGGTQQQFVEGVRMEEIVEGCTGALHILARDVHNRIVIRGLNTIPLFVQLLYSPIENIQRVAAGVLCELAQDKEAAEAIEAEGATAPLTELLHSRNEGVATYAAAVLFRMSEDKPQDYKKRLSVELTSSLFRTEPMAWNETADLGLDIGAQGEALGYRQDDPSYRSFHSGGYGQDALGMDPMMEHEMGGHHPGADYPVDGLPDLGHAQDLMDGLPPGDSNQLAWFDTDL

Thinking Trace

I begin with the InterPro architecture. The sequence is assigned to IPR013284 (Beta-catenin family, residues 3–781), establishing membership in the beta-catenin/plakoglobin/plastin lineage that forms armadillo-repeat scaffolds. Nested within this, IPR011989 (Armadillo-like helical homologous superfamily, residues 123–666) and IPR016024 (Armadillo-type fold homologous superfamily, residues 135–664) define a central alpha-helical solenoid composed of tandem armadillo repeats. The repeat core is explicitly captured by IPR000225 (Armadillo repeat, residues 141–664). This ordered array of armadillo repeats creates an extended, positively charged groove that binds diverse partners—classically cadherin cytoplasmic tails and catenins—through multivalent, shape-complementary interactions. The N-terminal family signature and C-terminal tail together tune affinity and selectivity, causing robust protein–protein interaction capacity rather than catalysis.

This armadillo-repeat scaffold dictates molecular function as a binding hub. The repeat architecture generates high-affinity surfaces for assembling multiprotein complexes, supporting GO:0005515 protein binding as the primary molecular function. In beta-catenin family proteins, the same scaffold often coordinates junctional assemblies and transcriptional regulators; here, the absence of enzymatic motifs and the dominance of repeat-mediated interfaces argue that binding and scaffolding—not enzymatic activity—are the core functions.

From function to process, the armadillo scaffold couples two major pathways. First, it nucleates adherens junctions by docking to cadherin cytoplasmic domains and recruiting other catenins, driving cell–cell adhesion and junction maturation—central to adherens junction assembly and maintenance. Second, members of this family can shuttle to nuclear complexes and modulate transcriptional programs; although this isoform’s detailed roles are not fully resolved, the capacity of the armadillo core to assemble regulatory complexes rationalizes participation in signal-responsive gene control that coordinates with junctional signaling.

The cellular context follows directly from the scaffold’s role. The absence of transmembrane segments and the presence of extensive interaction surfaces predict a soluble cytoplasmic protein that concentrates at cell–cell junctions. This matches a junctional adaptor that operates at adherens junctions while remaining cytoplasmic when not bound, aligning with the observed cytoplasm/cytostroma and junctional enrichment.

Mechanistically, I hypothesize that this armadillo-repeat scaffold forms a high-avidity platform at adherens junctions, binding cadherin tails and recruiting alpha-catenin/plakophilins to stabilize the adhesion complex. Dynamic exchange with cytoplasmic pools likely allows regulated assembly with transcriptional co-regulators under signaling cues. Likely partners include classical cadherins and the catenin network at junctions, with transient associations to transcriptional regulators that tune adhesion-coupled gene expression.

Functional Summary

A cytoplasmic armadillo-repeat scaffold that concentrates at cell–cell junctions to organize multiprotein assemblies. By using a tandem helical repeat core, it binds cytoplasmic adhesion receptors and junctional adaptors to stabilize adherens junction architecture while dynamically exchanging with soluble pools. This binding-driven mechanism positions it to coordinate adhesion with signal-responsive gene regulation, operating predominantly at junctions within the cytoplasmic compartment.

UniProt Summary

Not yet known.

InterPro Domains

  • Beta-catenin (IPR013284, family) — residues 3-781
  • Armadillo-like helical (IPR011989, homologous_superfamily) — residues 123-666
  • Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024, homologous_superfamily) — residues 135-664
  • Armadillo (IPR000225, repeat) — residues 141-664

GO Terms

Molecular Function: molecular_function (GO:0003674), molecular function regulator activity (GO:0098772), binding (GO:0005488), transcription regulator activity (GO:0140110), molecular function activator activity (GO:0140677), heterocyclic compound binding (GO:1901363), chromatin binding (GO:0003682), organic cyclic compound binding (GO:0097159), transcription coregulator activity (GO:0003712), protein binding (GO:0005515), transcription factor binding (GO:0008134), nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676), alpha-catenin binding (GO:0045294), protein domain specific binding (GO:0019904), cell adhesion molecule binding (GO:0050839), enzyme binding (GO:0019899), transcription coactivator activity (GO:0003713), cadherin binding (GO:0045296), DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0140297), kinase binding (GO:0019900), transcription coregulator binding (GO:0001221), disordered domain specific binding (GO:0097718), histone methyltransferase binding (GO:1990226), phosphatase binding (GO:0019902), RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0061629), protein kinase binding (GO:0019901), protein phosphatase binding (GO:0019903), nuclear receptor binding (GO:0016922)

Biological Process: biological_process (GO:0008150), biological regulation (GO:0065007), response to stimulus (GO:0050896), reproductive process (GO:0022414), regulation of biological process (GO:0050789), reproduction (GO:0000003), multicellular organismal process (GO:0032501), metabolic process (GO:0008152), homeostatic process (GO:0042592), immune system process (GO:0002376), localization (GO:0051179), signaling (GO:0023052), growth (GO:0040007), negative regulation of biological process (GO:0048519), positive regulation of biological process (GO:0048518), developmental process (GO:0032502), cellular process (GO:0009987), anatomical structure development (GO:0048856), negative regulation of signaling (GO:0023057), developmental process involved in reproduction (GO:0003006), multicellular organismal-level homeostasis (GO:0048871), anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis (GO:0048646), regulation of biological quality (GO:0065008), regulation of response to stimulus (GO:0048583), developmental maturation (GO:0021700), negative regulation of cellular process (GO:0048523), biosynthetic process (GO:0009058), establishment of localization (GO:0051234), macromolecule localization (GO:0033036), developmental growth (GO:0048589), leukocyte activation (GO:0045321), cell population proliferation (GO:0008283), nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0006807), negative regulation of multicellular organismal process (GO:0051241), cell death (GO:0008219), regulation of signaling (GO:0023051), negative regulation of developmental process (GO:0051093), signal transduction (GO:0007165), cell activation (GO:0001775), tissue remodeling (GO:0048771), immune system development (GO:0002520), developmental induction (GO:0031128), morphogenesis of a branching structure (GO:0001763), positive regulation of developmental process (GO:0051094), negative regulation of response to stimulus (GO:0048585), sexual reproduction (GO:0019953), cellular localization (GO:0051641), positive regulation of multicellular organismal process (GO:0051240), molting cycle (GO:0042303), pattern specification process (GO:0007389), cellular component organization or biogenesis (GO:0071840), regulation of multicellular organismal process (GO:0051239), negative regulation of metabolic process (GO:0009892), positive regulation of reproductive process (GO:2000243), cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism (GO:0022412), regulation of cellular process (GO:0050794), cellular response to stimulus (GO:0051716), cellular developmental process (GO:0048869), organ growth (GO:0035265), regulation of metabolic process (GO:0019222), positive regulation of response to stimulus (GO:0048584), molting cycle process (GO:0022404), ossification (GO:0001503), regulation of molecular function (GO:0065009), cell communication (GO:0007154), positive regulation of cellular process (GO:0048522), anatomical structure morphogenesis (GO:0009653), cell motility (GO:0048870), regulation of reproductive process (GO:2000241), multicellular organism reproduction (GO:0032504), cell-cell signaling (GO:0007267), regulation of developmental process (GO:0050793), negative regulation of immune system process (GO:0002683), response to endogenous stimulus (GO:0009719), organelle localization (GO:0051640), positive regulation of signaling (GO:0023056), multicellular organism development (GO:0007275), cell adhesion (GO:0007155), regulation of immune system process (GO:0002682), organic substance metabolic process (GO:0071704), cellular metabolic process (GO:0044237), positive regulation of metabolic process (GO:0009893), multicellular organismal reproductive process (GO:0048609), primary metabolic process (GO:0044238), neural precursor cell proliferation (GO:0061351), hypothalamus development (GO:0021854), tube formation (GO:0035148), regulation of response to stress (GO:0080134), stem cell proliferation (GO:0072089), animal organ development (GO:0048513), regulation of hemopoiesis (GO:1903706), negative regulation of vasculature development (GO:1901343), negative regulation of hemopoiesis (GO:1903707), synaptic signaling (GO:0099536), regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis (GO:0022603), negative regulation of cell cycle (GO:0045786), nephron development (GO:0072006), midbrain development (GO:0030901), positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0051173), positive regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045597), appendage development (GO:0048736), germ cell development (GO:0007281), organic substance biosynthetic process (GO:1901576), animal organ formation (GO:0048645), cell-cell signaling by wnt (GO:0198738), positive regulation of muscle tissue development (GO:1901863), regulation of cellular response to stress (GO:0080135), hindbrain development (GO:0030902), cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0044249), macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0043170), positive regulation of biosynthetic process (GO:0009891), muscle structure development (GO:0061061), regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0042127), regulation of cell death (GO:0010941), regionalization (GO:0003002), negative regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045596), transport (GO:0006810), regulation of cellular metabolic process (GO:0031323), positive regulation of cell communication (GO:0010647), hair cycle process (GO:0022405), regulation of primary metabolic process (GO:0080090), ectodermal placode development (GO:0071696), negative regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009968), negative regulation of cell death (GO:0060548), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), negative regulation of nervous system development (GO:0051961), system development (GO:0048731), myoblast proliferation (GO:0051450), ectodermal placode formation (GO:0060788), regulation of leukocyte activation (GO:0002694), regulation of binding (GO:0051098), heart growth (GO:0060419), tube development (GO:0035295), cell morphogenesis (GO:0000902), regulation of cell cycle (GO:0051726), animal organ morphogenesis (GO:0009887), cell maturation (GO:0048469), regulation of myelination (GO:0031641), apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:0097190), pallium development (GO:0021543), cell surface receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007166), sex differentiation (GO:0007548), regulation of cellular component organization (GO:0051128), cranial skeletal system development (GO:1904888), cell-substrate adhesion (GO:0031589), positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284), tube morphogenesis (GO:0035239), negative regulation of cell communication (GO:0010648), axis specification (GO:0009798), cell-cell adhesion (GO:0098609), hair follicle morphogenesis (GO:0031069), morphogenesis of a branching epithelium (GO:0061138), cardiac chamber development (GO:0003205), negative regulation of cellular metabolic process (GO:0031324), cell fate commitment (GO:0045165), cell fate determination (GO:0001709), embryonic morphogenesis (GO:0048598), lens development in camera-type eye (GO:0002088), tissue homeostasis (GO:0001894), hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development (GO:0048534), negative regulation of cartilage development (GO:0061037), hair cycle (GO:0042633), regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009966), foregut morphogenesis (GO:0007440), regulation of macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0060255), reproductive structure development (GO:0048608), cellular aromatic compound metabolic process (GO:0006725), vesicle localization (GO:0051648), positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0010718), regulation of cellular component biogenesis (GO:0044087), establishment of organelle localization (GO:0051656), negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0010605), regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure (GO:0060688), muscle cell proliferation (GO:0033002), embryo development (GO:0009790), regulation of cell cycle process (GO:0010564), regulation of cell activation (GO:0050865), nerve development (GO:0021675), regulation of catalytic activity (GO:0050790), negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0051172), cerebral cortex development (GO:0021987), positive regulation of molecular function (GO:0044093), positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process (GO:0010604), blood vessel development (GO:0001568), telencephalon development (GO:0021537), heterocycle metabolic process (GO:0046483), establishment of localization in cell (GO:0051649), appendage morphogenesis (GO:0035107), cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0034641), angiogenesis (GO:0001525), formation of primary germ layer (GO:0001704), regulation of multicellular organismal development (GO:2000026), diencephalon development (GO:0021536), positive regulation of cellular metabolic process (GO:0031325), bone remodeling (GO:0046849), regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0051090), epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050673), cellular macromolecule localization (GO:0070727), negative regulation of biosynthetic process (GO:0009890), male sex differentiation (GO:0046661), regulation of muscle tissue development (GO:1901861), regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus (GO:0090287), mesenchymal cell proliferation (GO:0010463), tissue morphogenesis (GO:0048729), programmed cell death (GO:0012501), cell development (GO:0048468), cardiac muscle tissue growth (GO:0055017), response to growth factor (GO:0070848), cell fate specification (GO:0001708), cellular response to endogenous stimulus (GO:0071495), regulation of synapse structure or activity (GO:0050803), lymphocyte activation (GO:0046649), anatomical structure maturation (GO:0071695), organic cyclic compound metabolic process (GO:1901360), genitalia morphogenesis (GO:0035112), lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye (GO:0002089), forebrain development (GO:0030900), regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process (GO:0051171), hair follicle development (GO:0001942), nephron morphogenesis (GO:0072028), regulation of cell differentiation (GO:0045595), cellular component organization (GO:0016043), oocyte differentiation (GO:0009994), positive regulation of nervous system development (GO:0051962), cell migration (GO:0016477), positive regulation of animal organ morphogenesis (GO:0110110), positive regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009967), gamete generation (GO:0007276), intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556), osteoblast differentiation (GO:0001649), cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in cell-cell signaling (GO:1905114), positive regulation of cellular component organization (GO:0051130), embryonic pattern specification (GO:0009880), anatomical structure homeostasis (GO:0060249), tissue development (GO:0009888), nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0006139), head development (GO:0060322), regulation of cell communication (GO:0010646), regulation of biosynthetic process (GO:0009889), cardiac chamber morphogenesis (GO:0003206), ectodermal placode morphogenesis (GO:0071697), positive regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium (GO:1905332), endoderm development (GO:0007492), nephron epithelium development (GO:0072009), skeletal system morphogenesis (GO:0048705), regulation of synapse organization (GO:0050807), regulation of protein metabolic process (GO:0051246), cranial nerve development (GO:0021545), positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation (GO:0002053), regulation of epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050678), anterior/posterior axis specification (GO:0009948), cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0007160), synaptic vesicle cycle (GO:0099504), regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death (GO:1903201), muscle cell differentiation (GO:0042692), neuron migration (GO:0001764), skeletal system development (GO:0001501), embryonic heart tube development (GO:0035050), cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development (GO:0061311), oocyte development (GO:0048599), circulatory system development (GO:0072359), regulation of response to oxidative stress (GO:1902882), forebrain cell migration (GO:0021885), cerebral cortex cell migration (GO:0021795), regulation of osteoblast differentiation (GO:0045667), regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis (GO:2000136), trachea development (GO:0060438), regulation of vasculature development (GO:1901342), positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030858), response to fibroblast growth factor (GO:0071774), lung cell differentiation (GO:0060479), limb morphogenesis (GO:0035108), cell fate commitment involved in formation of primary germ layer (GO:0060795), epithelial tube formation (GO:0072175), positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0010557), chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0002062), positive regulation of histone methylation (GO:0031062), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), regulation of DNA binding (GO:0051101), I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling (GO:0007249), regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0019219), dorsal/ventral axis specification (GO:0009950), epithelium development (GO:0060429), positive regulation of organelle organization (GO:0010638), positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0031328), cellular response to growth factor stimulus (GO:0071363), regulation of animal organ formation (GO:0003156), regulation of epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030856), respiratory system development (GO:0060541), regulation of mitotic cell cycle (GO:0007346), regulation of programmed cell death (GO:0043067), nephron epithelium morphogenesis (GO:0072088), gland development (GO:0048732), gastrulation (GO:0007369), cardiac ventricle development (GO:0003231), bone resorption (GO:0045453), morphogenesis of an epithelium (GO:0002009), positive regulation of neurogenesis (GO:0050769), skin development (GO:0043588), morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium (GO:0016331), coronary vasculature development (GO:0060976), branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube (GO:0048754), cardiac ventricle morphogenesis (GO:0003208), regulation of myeloid cell differentiation (GO:0045637), embryonic organ development (GO:0048568), cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation (GO:0000904), renal tubule development (GO:0061326), regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development (GO:0048641), limbic system development (GO:0021761), negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation (GO:0045638), nucleic acid metabolic process (GO:0090304), proximal/distal pattern formation (GO:0009954), branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis (GO:0001569), regulation of chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0032330), negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0031327), negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0030178), regulation of animal organ morphogenesis (GO:2000027), negative regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0045934), gene expression (GO:0010467), positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0051091), renal system development (GO:0072001), glial cell fate commitment (GO:0021781), cardiac muscle cell proliferation (GO:0060038), neuroblast proliferation (GO:0007405), reproductive system development (GO:0061458), endoderm formation (GO:0001706), positive regulation of DNA metabolic process (GO:0051054), embryonic organ morphogenesis (GO:0048562), synaptic vesicle localization (GO:0097479), regulation of cell junction assembly (GO:1901888), positive regulation of cell development (GO:0010720), urogenital system development (GO:0001655), positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628), muscle organ morphogenesis (GO:0048644), regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation (GO:0010464), negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death (GO:1903202), regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001233), endodermal cell differentiation (GO:0035987), regulation of histone methylation (GO:0031060), positive regulation of binding (GO:0051099), positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO:0045935), respiratory tube development (GO:0030323), prostate gland development (GO:0030850), glial cell migration (GO:0008347), trans-synaptic signaling (GO:0099537), negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0010558), cardiocyte differentiation (GO:0035051), regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0010717), digestive tract development (GO:0048565), neuron differentiation (GO:0030182), cartilage development (GO:0051216), ganglion development (GO:0061548), epithelial tube morphogenesis (GO:0060562), embryonic digit morphogenesis (GO:0042733), regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0010556), sensory system development (GO:0048880), vasculature development (GO:0001944), connective tissue development (GO:0061448), glial cell differentiation (GO:0010001), telencephalon cell migration (GO:0022029), oviduct development (GO:0060066), establishment of vesicle localization (GO:0051650), kidney morphogenesis (GO:0060993), thymus development (GO:0048538), regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468), regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation (GO:2000177), regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress (GO:1900407), striated muscle cell proliferation (GO:0014855), regulation of embryonic development (GO:0045995), negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle (GO:0045930), synaptic vesicle transport (GO:0048489), positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction (GO:1902533), dorsal/ventral pattern formation (GO:0009953), mesonephric tubule development (GO:0072164), positive regulation of catalytic activity (GO:0043085), negative regulation of gene expression (GO:0010629), negative regulation of blood vessel morphogenesis (GO:2000181), heart development (GO:0007507), artery development (GO:0060840), autonomic nervous system development (GO:0048483), sympathetic nervous system development (GO:0048485), negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation (GO:1902106), leukocyte differentiation (GO:0002521), enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway (GO:0007167), neuron fate commitment (GO:0048663), regulation of DNA metabolic process (GO:0051052), aromatic compound biosynthetic process (GO:0019438), regulation of cell development (GO:0060284), sensory organ development (GO:0007423), positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation (GO:2000179), genitalia development (GO:0048806), oogenesis (GO:0048477), regulation of neuron death (GO:1901214), negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001234), regulation of Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0030111), regulation of glial cell differentiation (GO:0045685), myeloid cell differentiation (GO:0030099), positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation (GO:0050679), regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0040036), neurogenesis (GO:0022008), positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway (GO:0045743), positive regulation of RNA metabolic process (GO:0051254), regulation of cartilage development (GO:0061035), trachea morphogenesis (GO:0060439), muscle tissue development (GO:0060537), regulation of cellular biosynthetic process (GO:0031326), regulation of stem cell proliferation (GO:0072091), embryonic axis specification (GO:0000578), regulation of organelle organization (GO:0033043), cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process (GO:0044271), positive regulation of stem cell proliferation (GO:2000648), embryonic appendage morphogenesis (GO:0035113), regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0045765), pancreas development (GO:0031016), protein localization (GO:0008104), regulation of transferase activity (GO:0051338), muscle organ development (GO:0007517), positive regulation of myoblast proliferation (GO:2000288), negative regulation of cell development (GO:0010721), cell junction organization (GO:0034330), embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching (GO:0009792), negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation (GO:0032331), macromolecule biosynthetic process (GO:0009059), lung morphogenesis (GO:0060425), organic cyclic compound biosynthetic process (GO:1901362), digestive system development (GO:0055123), negative regulation of programmed cell death (GO:0043069), Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0016055), MAPK cascade (GO:0000165), odontogenesis (GO:0042476), sensory organ morphogenesis (GO:0090596), neuron fate determination (GO:0048664), positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation (GO:0045669), regulation of leukocyte proliferation (GO:0070663), lymphocyte differentiation (GO:0030098), brain development (GO:0007420), regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium (GO:1905330), negative regulation of neurogenesis (GO:0050768), positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development (GO:0048643), nervous system development (GO:0007399), heart morphogenesis (GO:0003007), female gamete generation (GO:0007292), epidermis development (GO:0008544), heterocycle biosynthetic process (GO:0018130), vasculogenesis (GO:0001570), regulation of sister chromatid cohesion (GO:0007063), regulation of leukocyte differentiation (GO:1902105), central nervous system development (GO:0007417), ectoderm development (GO:0007398), regulation of RNA metabolic process (GO:0051252), regulation of lymphocyte activation (GO:0051249), negative regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0016525), hemopoiesis (GO:0030097), regulation of myoblast proliferation (GO:2000291), negative regulation of neuron death (GO:1901215), muscle tissue morphogenesis (GO:0060415), male genitalia development (GO:0030539), regulation of nervous system development (GO:0051960), mesenchyme development (GO:0060485), digestive tract morphogenesis (GO:0048546), epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030855), nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process (GO:0034654), lung development (GO:0030324), stem cell differentiation (GO:0048863), mesenchyme morphogenesis (GO:0072132), blood vessel morphogenesis (GO:0048514), negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0030857), positive regulation of protein metabolic process (GO:0051247), T cell activation (GO:0042110), limb development (GO:0060173), vesicle-mediated transport (GO:0016192), negative regulation of RNA metabolic process (GO:0051253), kidney development (GO:0001822), regulation of intracellular signal transduction (GO:1902531), anterior/posterior pattern specification (GO:0009952), regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0042981), regulation of lymphocyte proliferation (GO:0050670), negative regulation of gliogenesis (GO:0014014), striated muscle tissue development (GO:0014706), mesonephros development (GO:0001823), regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation (GO:0032944), regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic (GO:0009794), renal tubule morphogenesis (GO:0061333), regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation (GO:0051569), branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis (GO:0001658), regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation (GO:0048713), positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process (GO:1902680), tongue development (GO:0043586), artery morphogenesis (GO:0048844), negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation (GO:0002762), regulation of MAPK cascade (GO:0043408), positive regulation of transferase activity (GO:0051347), cardiac muscle tissue development (GO:0048738), kidney epithelium development (GO:0072073), positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation (GO:0051571), cranial ganglion development (GO:0061550), columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation (GO:0002065), gliogenesis (GO:0042063), neural plate development (GO:0001840), telencephalon glial cell migration (GO:0022030)

Cellular Component: cellular_component (GO:0005575), cellular anatomical entity (GO:0110165), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991), basal part of cell (GO:0045178), chromatin (GO:0000785), Z disc (GO:0030018), cell junction (GO:0030054), intracellular protein-containing complex (GO:0140535), postsynapse (GO:0098794), sarcomere (GO:0030017), extrinsic component of membrane (GO:0019898), I band (GO:0031674), transcription regulator complex (GO:0005667), membrane-enclosed lumen (GO:0031974), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), supramolecular complex (GO:0099080), microtubule organizing center (GO:0005815), intracellular anatomical structure (GO:0005622), organelle (GO:0043226), cell projection (GO:0042995), lateral plasma membrane (GO:0016328), membrane (GO:0016020), cytosol (GO:0005829), presynapse (GO:0098793), cell periphery (GO:0071944), membrane protein complex (GO:0098796), cell leading edge (GO:0031252), apical part of cell (GO:0045177), Wnt signalosome (GO:1990909), presynaptic active zone (GO:0048786), catalytic complex (GO:1902494), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), nuclear protein-containing complex (GO:0140513), RNA polymerase II transcription repressor complex (GO:0090571), plasma membrane bounded cell projection (GO:0120025), intracellular organelle (GO:0043229), synapse (GO:0045202), cytoplasmic region (GO:0099568), plasma membrane protein complex (GO:0098797), anchoring junction (GO:0070161), membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043227), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), postsynaptic specialization (GO:0099572), supramolecular polymer (GO:0099081), contractile fiber (GO:0043292), extrinsic component of plasma membrane (GO:0019897), euchromatin (GO:0000791), transcription repressor complex (GO:0017053), cell cortex (GO:0005938), lamellipodium (GO:0030027), RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex (GO:0090575), non-membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043228), centrosome (GO:0005813), postsynaptic membrane (GO:0045211), presynaptic membrane (GO:0042734), basal plasma membrane (GO:0009925), plasma membrane region (GO:0098590), organelle lumen (GO:0043233), membrane microdomain (GO:0098857), presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component (GO:0098831), beta-catenin destruction complex (GO:0030877), apicolateral plasma membrane (GO:0016327), membrane raft (GO:0045121), Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse (GO:0098685), cell projection membrane (GO:0031253), catenin complex (GO:0016342), intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043232), postsynaptic density (GO:0014069), glutamatergic synapse (GO:0098978), beta-catenin-TCF complex (GO:1990907), neuron to neuron synapse (GO:0098984), supramolecular fiber (GO:0099512), myofibril (GO:0030016), plasma membrane raft (GO:0044853), intracellular organelle lumen (GO:0070013), actin-based cell projection (GO:0098858), synaptic membrane (GO:0097060), intracellular membrane-bounded organelle (GO:0043231), postsynaptic specialization, intracellular component (GO:0099091), basolateral plasma membrane (GO:0016323), cell-cell junction (GO:0005911), cell cortex region (GO:0099738), apical junction complex (GO:0043296), asymmetric synapse (GO:0032279), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856), cell-cell contact zone (GO:0044291), chromosome (GO:0005694), microvillus (GO:0005902), caveola (GO:0005901), postsynaptic density, intracellular component (GO:0099092), nucleus (GO:0005634), nuclear lumen (GO:0031981), tight junction (GO:0070160), adherens junction (GO:0005912), microvillus membrane (GO:0031528), bicellular tight junction (GO:0005923), microtubule cytoskeleton (GO:0015630), intercalated disc (GO:0014704)

Generated by BioReason

Notes

(Ctnnb1-notes.md)

Ctnnb1 Gene Review Notes

2025-01-14 - Major GOA Expansion Issue

Issue: Validation failure due to massive mismatch between review and current GOA file:
- 553 missing annotations from GOA
- 24 annotations not in GOA
- 190 new references needed

Root Cause: The Ctnnb1 GOA file has expanded dramatically from ~206 annotations to 816 lines since the original review. This represents one of the most significant updates in the dataset.

Action Taken: Used the GOA validator to seed all 553 missing annotations, which added 190 new references. However, this created a massive file (8099 lines) that may need manual curation.

Outstanding Issues:
1. Some annotations like GO:0019221 (cytokine-mediated signaling pathway) with PMID:19619491 appear to have been retired from GOA
2. The file now contains a mix of carefully reviewed annotations and newly seeded PENDING annotations
3. The validation is timing out due to the file size

Recommendation: This gene requires special attention in a future curation cycle to:
1. Review the 553 newly seeded annotations
2. Identify and mark retired annotations
3. Resolve evidence type mismatches
4. Streamline the review for better maintainability

Note: Beta-catenin is a highly studied protein involved in multiple pathways (Wnt signaling, cell adhesion, transcriptional regulation), which explains the extensive annotation expansion.

Bioreason Rl Review

(Ctnnb1-bioreason-rl-review.md)

BioReason-Pro RL Review: Ctnnb1 (mouse)

Source: Ctnnb1-deep-research-bioreason-rl.md

  • Correctness: 4/5
  • Completeness: 3/5

Functional Summary Review

The BioReason functional summary captures the structural basis well but is incomplete on function:

A cytoplasmic armadillo-repeat scaffold that concentrates at cell-cell junctions to organize multiprotein assemblies. By using a tandem helical repeat core, it binds cytoplasmic adhesion receptors and junctional adaptors to stabilize adherens junction architecture while dynamically exchanging with soluble pools. This binding-driven mechanism positions it to coordinate adhesion with signal-responsive gene regulation, operating predominantly at junctions within the cytoplasmic compartment.

The adhesion role is correctly identified -- the curated review confirms beta-catenin "links cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton at adherens junctions to mediate cell-cell adhesion" (GO:0045296, cadherin binding; GO:0098609, cell-cell adhesion; GO:0005912, adherens junction). However, the summary significantly underweights the Wnt signaling / transcriptional co-activator function.

The curated review describes Ctnnb1 as having "dual roles in cell adhesion and Wnt signaling" and devotes equal emphasis to its nuclear function: "stabilized beta-catenin translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcriptional co-activator with TCF/LEF transcription factors." The BioReason summary only vaguely alludes to this as "signal-responsive gene regulation" without naming Wnt signaling, TCF/LEF, or the nuclear translocation. This is a major omission since the Wnt/beta-catenin transcriptional axis is arguably as important as the adhesion role.

The thinking trace hedges with "although this isoform's detailed roles are not fully resolved," which is incorrect -- Ctnnb1's role in Wnt signaling is extremely well-characterized in mouse. This appears to be a limitation of relying purely on domain architecture without literature context.

Comparison with interpro2go:

There are no GO_REF:0000002 annotations for Ctnnb1 in the curated review. BioReason's GO term predictions do include many Wnt-related terms (GO:0016055 Wnt signaling pathway, GO:0198738 cell-cell signaling by wnt) and transcriptional terms, suggesting the GO prediction module captures what the functional summary misses. This disconnect between the narrative summary and the predicted GO terms is notable -- the summary is more conservative than the GO predictions.

Notes on thinking trace

The trace correctly identifies the armadillo-repeat scaffold and cadherin-binding groove. However, it explicitly hedges on the transcriptional role ("this isoform's detailed roles are not fully resolved"), which is a significant error of caution -- Ctnnb1/beta-catenin's transcriptional co-activator function is one of the most studied signaling mechanisms in developmental biology.

📄 View Raw YAML

 
id: Q02248
gene_symbol: Ctnnb1
taxon:
  id: NCBITaxon:10090
  label: Mus musculus
description: Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in cell 
  adhesion and Wnt signaling. At adherens junctions, it links E-cadherin to 
  alpha-catenin and the actin cytoskeleton, maintaining epithelial integrity. In
  the canonical Wnt pathway, stabilized beta-catenin translocates to the nucleus
  where it acts as a transcriptional co-activator with TCF/LEF transcription 
  factors, driving expression of genes controlling cell proliferation, 
  differentiation, and fate specification. The protein contains 12 Armadillo 
  repeats that form a versatile protein interaction interface, an N-terminal 
  regulatory domain with phosphorylation sites controlling stability, and a 
  C-terminal transactivation domain required for gene regulation. Essential for 
  embryonic development, beta-catenin is required for gastrulation, axis 
  formation, and organogenesis. Loss-of-function mutations cause 
  neurodevelopmental disorders while gain-of-function mutations drive 
  oncogenesis.
existing_annotations:
  - term:
      id: GO:0001525
      label: angiogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:28463231
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin knockout mice show disrupted vasculature 
        development, particularly in CNS angiogenesis. The referenced 
        PMID:28463231 demonstrates that disruption of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling
        affects pulmonary mesenchymal progenitor cells and microvascular 
        dysfunction. Beta-catenin's role in angiogenesis is mediated through 
        canonical Wnt signaling which regulates endothelial cell differentiation
        and vessel formation.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: While beta-catenin does participate in angiogenesis through Wnt 
        signaling in endothelial cells, this represents a downstream 
        developmental consequence of its core signaling function rather than a 
        direct molecular role. The protein's primary functions are cell adhesion
        and transcriptional co-activation; angiogenesis is a tissue-specific 
        developmental process that utilizes these core functions.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:28463231
          supporting_text: May 2. Disruption of lineage specification in adult 
            pulmonary mesenchymal progenitor cells promotes microvascular 
            dysfunction.
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
  - term:
      id: GO:0001708
      label: cell fate specification
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:28463231
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is essential for cell fate specification through its
        role as a transcriptional co-activator in canonical Wnt signaling. The 
        protein partners with TCF/LEF transcription factors to drive expression 
        of genes controlling cell differentiation and fate determination during 
        development.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Cell fate specification is a well-established core function of 
        beta-catenin through Wnt signaling. This represents one of its primary 
        biological roles, directly mediated by its transcriptional co-activator 
        function with TCF/LEF. Multiple studies confirm beta-catenin's essential
        role in determining cell fates across various tissues.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator 
            for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex
            that drives expression of Wnt target genes ... Beta-catenin also 
            serves as a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway,
            which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during 
            development
        - reference_id: PMID:28463231
          supporting_text: May 2. Disruption of lineage specification in adult 
            pulmonary mesenchymal progenitor cells promotes microvascular 
            dysfunction.
  - term:
      id: GO:0019221
      label: cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
    review:
      summary: The referenced study shows reciprocal requirements between 
        EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in hair follicle 
        induction. While beta-catenin interacts with cytokine pathways, this 
        represents crosstalk between signaling systems rather than beta-catenin 
        directly mediating cytokine signals.
      action: REMOVE
      reason: This annotation is too broad and misleading. Beta-catenin is not a
        direct mediator of cytokine signaling pathways. The cited paper 
        describes crosstalk between Wnt/beta-catenin and NF-kappaB pathways in a
        specific developmental context, but this doesn't make beta-catenin a 
        general cytokine signaling mediator. The core function is Wnt signaling,
        not cytokine signaling.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19619491
          supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and 
            Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0002064
      label: epithelial cell development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
    review:
      summary: The cited study on lens development shows beta-catenin is 
        required for proper epithelial morphogenesis and cell behavior. Loss of 
        beta-catenin disrupts coordinated epithelial cell behavior during lens 
        morphogenesis. Beta-catenin functions both in cell adhesion (structural)
        and Wnt signaling (regulatory) capacities in epithelial development.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Epithelial cell development directly depends on beta-catenin's 
        dual functions - maintaining cell-cell adhesion through adherens 
        junctions and regulating gene expression via Wnt signaling. This is a 
        core biological process where beta-catenin plays an essential, direct 
        role.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16102745
          supporting_text: Conditional loss of beta-catenin in the presumptive 
            lens does not perturb the normal sequential appearance of lens fate 
            markers but results in a dramatic failure of the coordinated 
            epithelial cell behavior that constitutes lens morphogenesis
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the 
            cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions, linking the 
            cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin to alpha-catenin and the actin 
            cytoskeleton ... This linkage is crucial for the adhesive function 
            of classical cadherins in forming stable cell-cell contacts in 
            epithelial and other tissues
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0001944
      label: vasculature development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:25083995
    review:
      summary: The cited paper reviews canonical Wnt signaling in vascular 
        development and barrier formation. Beta-catenin is essential for 
        endothelial cell differentiation and vessel patterning through Wnt 
        signaling. While important, this represents a tissue-specific 
        application of beta-catenin's core functions.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Vasculature development is a downstream developmental process that
        utilizes beta-catenin's core signaling function. While beta-catenin is 
        required for vascular development through Wnt signaling, this is a 
        consequence of its transcriptional co-activator role in specific cell 
        types rather than a primary molecular function.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:25083995
          supporting_text: Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular 
            development and barrier formation.
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell 
            proliferation and differentiation
  - term:
      id: GO:0010467
      label: gene expression
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:25083995
    review:
      summary: This overly broad term encompasses any process affecting gene 
        expression. While beta-catenin does regulate transcription as a 
        co-activator with TCF/LEF, this annotation lacks specificity about 
        mechanism or targets.
      action: MODIFY
      reason: The term 'gene expression' is too vague and uninformative. 
        Beta-catenin specifically functions as a transcriptional co-activator in
        the canonical Wnt pathway. More specific terms like 'positive regulation
        of transcription by RNA polymerase II' or 'canonical Wnt signaling 
        pathway' better capture its actual molecular function.
      proposed_replacement_terms:
        - id: GO:0045944
          label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
        - id: GO:0060070
          label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator 
            for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex
            that drives expression of Wnt target genes
        - reference_id: PMID:25083995
          supporting_text: Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular 
            development and barrier formation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0000122
      label: negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16040629
    review:
      summary: The cited paper shows beta-catenin regulates respiratory 
        epithelial differentiation. However, beta-catenin primarily acts as a 
        transcriptional co-activator, not repressor. Any negative regulation 
        would be indirect through activation of repressor genes or competition 
        for binding partners.
      action: REMOVE
      reason: Beta-catenin is fundamentally a transcriptional co-activator, not 
        a repressor. While Wnt/beta-catenin signaling can indirectly lead to 
        repression of certain genes (e.g., by activating expression of 
        transcriptional repressors), beta-catenin itself does not directly 
        negatively regulate transcription. This annotation misrepresents its 
        molecular function.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16040629
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory
            epithelial cells in vivo.
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator 
            for TCF/LEF transcription factors
  - term:
      id: GO:0000165
      label: MAPK cascade
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16478791
    review:
      summary: The cited paper shows APC inhibits ERK pathway activation. This 
        relates to APC's role in the beta-catenin destruction complex. However, 
        beta-catenin itself is not a direct component of MAPK signaling; any 
        connection is indirect through crosstalk.
      action: REMOVE
      reason: Beta-catenin is not a component of the MAPK cascade. The cited 
        paper discusses APC's effects on ERK signaling, but beta-catenin's 
        involvement would be indirect at best. Beta-catenin's primary signaling 
        role is in the canonical Wnt pathway, not MAPK signaling.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16478791
          supporting_text: APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular 
            proliferation induced by RAS.
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0000578
      label: embryonic axis specification
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:9230313
    review:
      summary: The cited paper on mouse Fused/Axin shows beta-catenin is 
        essential for embryonic axis formation. Beta-catenin stabilization 
        through Wnt signaling establishes the dorsal organizer and 
        anterior-posterior axis. This is a fundamental developmental role 
        demonstrated in multiple model organisms.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Embryonic axis specification is a well-established core 
        developmental function of beta-catenin through canonical Wnt signaling. 
        Stabilized beta-catenin in the dorsal region establishes the embryonic 
        organizer, essential for proper axis formation. This represents a direct
        consequence of beta-catenin's transcriptional co-activator function.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:9230313
          supporting_text: The mouse Fused locus encodes Axin, an inhibitor of 
            the Wnt signaling pathway that regulates embryonic axis formation.
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: During embryogenesis, beta-catenin is required for 
            processes such as embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification, as
            initially shown by studies in model organisms where ectopic 
            beta-catenin can induce a secondary body axis
  - term:
      id: GO:0000902
      label: cell morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
    review:
      summary: The lens development study shows beta-catenin is required for 
        coordinated epithelial cell behavior and morphogenesis. Loss of 
        beta-catenin causes failure of proper cell shape changes during lens 
        morphogenesis. This involves both adhesion and signaling functions.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Cell morphogenesis is directly dependent on beta-catenin's dual 
        functions. Its role in adherens junctions maintains cell-cell contacts 
        essential for coordinated morphogenetic movements, while its signaling 
        function regulates genes controlling cell shape and behavior. This is a 
        core cellular process requiring beta-catenin.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16102745
          supporting_text: Conditional loss of beta-catenin in the presumptive 
            lens does not perturb the normal sequential appearance of lens fate 
            markers but results in a dramatic failure of the coordinated 
            epithelial cell behavior that constitutes lens morphogenesis
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the 
            cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions
  - term:
      id: GO:0001501
      label: skeletal system development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
    review:
      summary: The cited paper shows canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling 
        prevents osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes. 
        Beta-catenin regulates bone vs. cartilage cell fate decisions. While 
        important for skeletal development, this is a tissue-specific 
        application of its signaling function.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Skeletal system development is a tissue-specific developmental 
        process that uses beta-catenin's core Wnt signaling function. While 
        beta-catenin is essential for proper bone and cartilage development, 
        this represents a downstream consequence of its transcriptional 
        co-activator role rather than a primary molecular function.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866163
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents 
            osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell 
            proliferation and differentiation
  - term:
      id: GO:0001569
      label: branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12975353
    review:
      summary: The cited study shows conditional inactivation of beta-catenin in
        endothelial cells causes defective vascular patterning and increased 
        fragility. Beta-catenin in endothelial cells regulates vessel branching 
        through Wnt signaling. This is a specific developmental outcome of its 
        core functions.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Blood vessel branching morphogenesis is a specialized 
        developmental process in endothelial cells. While beta-catenin is 
        required, this represents tissue-specific utilization of its core Wnt 
        signaling and adhesion functions rather than a primary molecular role of
        the protein.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12975353
          supporting_text: The conditional inactivation of the beta-catenin gene
            in endothelial cells causes a defective vascular pattern and 
            increased vascular fragility
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell 
            proliferation and differentiation
  - term:
      id: GO:0001569
      label: branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19154719
    review:
      summary: This paper shows Nrarp coordinates endothelial Notch and Wnt 
        signaling to control vessel density. Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling 
        interacts with Notch to regulate angiogenesis. This is another example 
        of beta-catenin's role in vascular development.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This is a duplicate annotation for the same process with different
        evidence. Blood vessel morphogenesis utilizes beta-catenin's Wnt 
        signaling function in endothelial cells but represents a tissue-specific
        developmental outcome rather than a core molecular function.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19154719
          supporting_text: Nrarp coordinates endothelial Notch and Wnt signaling
            to control vessel density in angiogenesis
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway
  - term:
      id: GO:0001570
      label: vasculogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: Paper shows beta-catenin signaling in lung mesenchyme affects 
        vasculogenesis. Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling regulates endothelial 
        differentiation and vessel formation. Tissue-specific developmental 
        application.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Vasculogenesis is a specialized developmental process in 
        endothelial cells. While beta-catenin is required through its Wnt 
        signaling function, this represents tissue-specific utilization rather 
        than a core molecular function.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell 
            proliferation and differentiation
  - term:
      id: GO:0001649
      label: osteoblast differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
    review:
      summary: Paper shows canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents 
        osteoblasts from transdifferentiating into chondrocytes. Beta-catenin 
        maintains osteoblast identity through target gene regulation.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Osteoblast differentiation is a specialized cell type-specific 
        process. While beta-catenin/Wnt signaling is important for bone cell 
        fate, this represents tissue-specific application of its core 
        transcriptional function.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866163
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents 
            osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell 
            proliferation and differentiation
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0001658
      label: branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:17537789
    review:
      summary: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction and 
        ureteric bud branching. Beta-catenin controls branching morphogenesis in
        kidney development through target gene regulation.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Ureteric bud morphogenesis is a specialized kidney developmental 
        process. While beta-catenin signaling is required, this represents 
        organ-specific utilization of its core functions rather than a primary 
        role.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17537789
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron 
            induction during mouse kidney development
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: In organ development, beta-catenin plays essential 
            roles... in the formation of organs like the kidney
  - term:
      id: GO:0001701
      label: in utero embryonic development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is essential for embryonic development. Null mutants
        are embryonic lethal with failures in gastrulation and morphogenesis. 
        Required for both adhesion and signaling during embryogenesis.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: In utero embryonic development is a fundamental process absolutely
        requiring beta-catenin. Both its adhesion and signaling functions are 
        essential for embryo viability, morphogenesis, and organ formation. This
        represents a core developmental requirement.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Germline knockout of Ctnnb1 in mice is embryonic 
            lethal – embryos lacking beta-catenin cannot complete 
            pre-implantation development properly, partly because the 
            blastomeres fail to remain adherent without beta-catenin-mediated 
            adhesion
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling
  - term:
      id: GO:0001701
      label: in utero embryonic development
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:19204372
    review:
      summary: Study of Axin mutants shows interaction with beta-catenin pathway
        in embryonic development. Axin regulates beta-catenin stability; 
        disruption causes embryonic defects.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Additional genetic evidence for beta-catenin's essential role in 
        embryonic development. The Axin-beta-catenin interaction is crucial for 
        proper Wnt signaling regulation during embryogenesis.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19204372
          supporting_text: Both the RGS domain and the six C-terminal amino 
            acids of mouse Axin are required for normal embryogenesis
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: In the absence of Wnt signal, free beta-catenin... is
            phosphorylated on N-terminal serine/threonine residues by a 
            'destruction complex' consisting of AXIN, APC, casein kinase 1, and 
            GSK3β
  - term:
      id: GO:0001702
      label: gastrulation with mouth forming second
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:8582267
    review:
      summary: The landmark paper shows beta-catenin null embryos fail at 
        gastrulation. Mutant embryos cannot form mesoderm and show ectodermal 
        cell detachment. Beta-catenin is absolutely required for gastrulation 
        through both its adhesion and signaling functions.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Gastrulation is a fundamental embryonic process that absolutely 
        requires beta-catenin. The protein's dual functions - maintaining cell 
        adhesion for morphogenetic movements and Wnt signaling for mesoderm 
        induction - are both essential. This represents a core developmental 
        role directly mediated by beta-catenin's molecular functions.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8582267
          supporting_text: beta-Catenin null-mutant embryos formed blastocysts, 
            implanted and developed into egg-cylinder-stage embryos. At day 7 
            post coitum, the development of the embryonic ectoderm was affected 
            in mutant embryos. Cells detached from the ectodermal cell layer and
            were dispersed into the proamniotic cavity. No mesoderm formation 
            was observed in mutant embryos
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Germline knockout of Ctnnb1 in mice is embryonic 
            lethal – embryos lacking beta-catenin cannot complete 
            pre-implantation development properly
  - term:
      id: GO:0001706
      label: endoderm formation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12194849
    review:
      summary: The cited paper shows deletion of beta-catenin in embryonic 
        endoderm causes formation of multiple hearts, demonstrating 
        beta-catenin's essential role in endoderm specification and patterning. 
        Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for proper endoderm formation.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Endoderm formation is a fundamental germ layer specification 
        process that requires beta-catenin's Wnt signaling function. 
        Beta-catenin/TCF complexes directly activate endodermal gene expression 
        programs. This is a core developmental role directly mediated by its 
        transcriptional co-activator function.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12194849
          supporting_text: Formation of multiple hearts in mice following 
            deletion of beta-catenin in the embryonic endoderm
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin is required for processes such as 
            embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification
  - term:
      id: GO:0001706
      label: endoderm formation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:23824574
    review:
      summary: This paper demonstrates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates 
        Sox17 expression and is essential for organizer and endoderm formation 
        in mouse. Beta-catenin directly regulates endodermal transcription 
        factors.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Additional strong evidence for beta-catenin's essential role in 
        endoderm formation. The protein acts as a transcriptional co-activator 
        to directly induce endodermal gene expression programs including Sox17. 
        This is a core developmental function.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23824574
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression 
            and is essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator 
            for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex
            that drives expression of Wnt target genes
  - term:
      id: GO:0001708
      label: cell fate specification
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
    review:
      summary: Paper shows Wnt/beta-catenin signaling controls osteoblast vs 
        chondrocyte fate decisions. Beta-catenin directly regulates cell fate 
        through transcriptional control of lineage-specific genes.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Cell fate specification is a core function of beta-catenin through
        Wnt signaling. As a transcriptional co-activator, beta-catenin/TCF 
        complexes directly control expression of cell fate determinants. This is
        one of its primary biological roles.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866163
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents 
            osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development
  - term:
      id: GO:0001711
      label: endodermal cell fate commitment
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12194849
    review:
      summary: Deletion of beta-catenin in embryonic endoderm disrupts proper 
        endodermal development. Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling directly controls 
        endodermal cell fate commitment through target gene regulation.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Endodermal cell fate commitment is a fundamental developmental 
        process directly mediated by beta-catenin's transcriptional co-activator
        function. Beta-catenin/TCF complexes activate endoderm-specific gene 
        expression programs essential for germ layer specification.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12194849
          supporting_text: Formation of multiple hearts in mice following 
            deletion of beta-catenin in the embryonic endoderm
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: During embryogenesis, beta-catenin is required for 
            processes such as embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification
  - term:
      id: GO:0001764
      label: neuron migration
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:21937711
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:21937711
          supporting_text: ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the 
            developing brain.
  - term:
      id: GO:0001822
      label: kidney development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:17537789
    review:
      summary: The cited paper shows Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates 
        nephron induction during kidney development. Beta-catenin is required 
        for proper kidney morphogenesis through its signaling function in 
        nephron progenitors.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Kidney development is an organ-specific developmental process that
        utilizes beta-catenin's core Wnt signaling function. While essential for
        nephrogenesis, this represents a tissue-specific application rather than
        a primary molecular function of the protein.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17537789
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron 
            induction during mouse kidney development
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: In organ development, beta-catenin plays essential 
            roles; for instance, it functions in nervous system development and 
            the regulation of neurogenesis, as well as in the formation of 
            organs like the kidney, lungs, and limbs
  - term:
      id: GO:0001840
      label: neural plate development
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:22102609
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:22102609
          supporting_text: Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural 
            plate induces ectopic mid-hindbrain characteristics.
  - term:
      id: GO:0001894
      label: tissue homeostasis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18635608
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:18635608
          supporting_text: Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in 
            external genitalia development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0001944
      label: vasculature development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19129494
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:19129494
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but 
            not non-CNS, angiogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0002052
      label: positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:21937711
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:21937711
          supporting_text: ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the 
            developing brain.
  - term:
      id: GO:0002053
      label: positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0002053
      label: positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:18533146
          supporting_text: 2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network 
            controls lung mesenchyme development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0002062
      label: chondrocyte differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:15866163
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents 
            osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0002062
      label: chondrocyte differentiation
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16818445
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:16818445
          supporting_text: Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and 
            regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0002089
      label: lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:16102745
          supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in
            lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular
            ectoderm.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0003266
      label: regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19620969
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:19620969
          supporting_text: A regulatory pathway involving 
            Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines cardiac progenitor cell fate.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003338
      label: metanephros morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19060336
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:19060336
          supporting_text: A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation 
            of epithelial cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary 
            axis of the mammalian kidney.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003340
      label: negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition 
        involved in metanephros morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17537789
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:17537789
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron 
            induction during mouse kidney development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0006351
      label: DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin functions as a transcriptional co-activator with 
        TCF/LEF to regulate gene expression. While accurate, this term is very 
        broad and doesn't specify the regulatory nature or pathway context.
      action: MODIFY
      reason: While beta-catenin does participate in DNA-templated 
        transcription, this term is too general. More specific terms like 
        'positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II' or 
        'canonical Wnt signaling pathway' better capture its specific role as a 
        co-activator.
      proposed_replacement_terms:
        - id: GO:0045944
          label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
        - id: GO:0003713
          label: transcription coactivator activity
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator 
            for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex
            that drives expression of Wnt target genes
        - reference_id: PMID:15866163
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents 
            osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0006357
      label: regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12235125
    review:
      summary: The cited paper shows beta-catenin induces melanoma growth by 
        activating Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. This 
        demonstrates beta-catenin's role as a transcriptional co-activator 
        regulating RNA Pol II-dependent genes.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II is a core 
        molecular function of beta-catenin as a transcriptional co-activator. In
        the nucleus, beta-catenin forms complexes with TCF/LEF to regulate 
        target gene transcription. This is one of its two primary molecular 
        functions.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12235125
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the 
            downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator 
            for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex
            that drives expression of Wnt target genes
  - term:
      id: GO:0006357
      label: regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
    review:
      summary: This paper identifies Wnt/Dvl/beta-catenin to Pitx2 pathway 
        mediating cell-type-specific proliferation. Beta-catenin acts as 
        transcriptional co-activator to regulate Pitx2 and downstream genes.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Additional evidence for beta-catenin's core function in regulating
        RNA Pol II transcription. The protein functions as an essential 
        co-activator in the Wnt pathway to control gene expression programs.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12464179
          supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 
            pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during 
            development
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for TCF/LEF 
            transcription factors
  - term:
      id: GO:0006357
      label: regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:20043884
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin regulates transcription by RNA polymerase II as a 
        core transcriptional co-activator function.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II is a core 
        molecular function of beta-catenin as a transcriptional co-activator. In
        the nucleus, beta-catenin forms complexes with TCF/LEF to regulate 
        target gene transcription, which is one of its two primary molecular 
        functions.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:20043884
          supporting_text: Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp 
            signaling within the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates 
            interdigit formation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0006366
      label: transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15907834
    review:
      summary: Paper shows Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, 
        BMP4, and FGF signaling in lung patterning. Beta-catenin functions as a 
        transcriptional co-activator to regulate RNA Pol II-mediated gene 
        expression.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Transcription by RNA polymerase II is a core molecular function of
        beta-catenin as a transcriptional co-activator. In the nucleus, 
        beta-catenin/TCF complexes directly regulate RNA Pol II-dependent 
        transcription of target genes.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15907834
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, 
            BMP4, and FGF signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in 
            the lung
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator 
            for TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex
            that drives expression of Wnt target genes
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0007160
      label: cell-matrix adhesion
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15131783
    review:
      summary: The cited paper examines beta-catenin loss in gastrointestinal 
        tract. While beta-catenin is essential for cell-cell adhesion through 
        adherens junctions, it does not directly mediate cell-matrix adhesion, 
        which involves integrins and focal adhesions.
      action: REMOVE
      reason: Beta-catenin is not a component of cell-matrix adhesion complexes.
        It specifically functions in cell-cell adhesion through adherens 
        junctions by linking cadherins to the cytoskeleton. Cell-matrix adhesion
        involves different molecular machinery (integrins, focal adhesions) that
        beta-catenin does not participate in.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the 
            cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions, linking the 
            cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin to alpha-catenin and the actin 
            cytoskeleton
        - reference_id: PMID:15131783
          supporting_text: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the
            murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin'
  - term:
      id: GO:0007249
      label: canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
    review:
      summary: The paper describes reciprocal requirements between 
        EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways in hair follicle 
        development. This shows pathway crosstalk but doesn't make beta-catenin 
        a component of NF-kappaB signaling.
      action: REMOVE
      reason: Beta-catenin is not a component of the NF-kappaB signaling 
        pathway. The cited paper shows crosstalk between distinct pathways (Wnt 
        and NF-kappaB) in a specific developmental context. Beta-catenin 
        mediates Wnt signaling, not NF-kappaB signaling.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19619491
          supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and 
            Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0007268
      label: chemical synaptic transmission
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
    review:
      summary: The cited paper shows beta-catenin has a role in synaptic vesicle
        localization and presynaptic assembly. Beta-catenin localizes to 
        synapses and affects neurotransmitter release machinery organization. 
        While important, this is a specialized neuronal application.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Synaptic transmission represents a specialized neuronal 
        utilization of beta-catenin's adhesion function. While beta-catenin 
        contributes to synapse organization, this is a tissue-specific role 
        rather than a core molecular function. The primary functions remain cell
        adhesion and transcriptional co-activation.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14622577
          supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization
            and presynaptic assembly
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin has been observed in specific 
            subcellular structures... including the postsynaptic density and 
            synaptic membranes in hippocampal neurons
  - term:
      id: GO:0007398
      label: ectoderm development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:8582267
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin null embryos show specific defects in embryonic 
        ectoderm with cell detachment and dispersal. Beta-catenin is essential 
        for ectodermal integrity through its adhesion function and for proper 
        differentiation through Wnt signaling.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Ectoderm development is a fundamental germ layer formation process
        requiring both beta-catenin functions. Its adhesion role maintains 
        ectodermal layer integrity while its signaling function controls 
        differentiation. This is a core developmental requirement.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8582267
          supporting_text: At day 7 post coitum, the development of the 
            embryonic ectoderm was affected in mutant embryos. Cells detached 
            from the ectodermal cell layer and were dispersed into the 
            proamniotic cavity
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Our results demonstrate that, although beta-catenin 
            is expressed rather ubiquitously, it is specifically required in the
            ectodermal cell layer
  - term:
      id: GO:0007403
      label: glial cell fate determination
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17706960
    review:
      summary: Paper shows persistent stabilized beta-catenin expression delays 
        radial glial cell maturation. Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling regulates the 
        timing of glial differentiation in the developing brain.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Glial cell fate determination is a specialized neural 
        developmental process. While beta-catenin signaling influences glial 
        differentiation timing, this represents tissue-specific application of 
        its core transcriptional function rather than a primary role.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17706960
          supporting_text: Persistent expression of stabilized beta-catenin 
            delays maturation of radial glial cells into intermediate 
            progenitors
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin plays essential roles... in nervous 
            system development and the regulation of neurogenesis
  - term:
      id: GO:0007405
      label: neuroblast proliferation
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:21937711
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:21937711
          supporting_text: ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the 
            developing brain.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0007507
      label: heart development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
    review:
      summary: The paper identifies Wnt/beta-catenin to Pitx2 pathway in cardiac
        development. Beta-catenin signaling regulates cardiac progenitor 
        proliferation and differentiation. Important for heart morphogenesis but
        represents organ-specific utilization.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Heart development is an organ-specific process that uses 
        beta-catenin's Wnt signaling function in cardiac progenitors. While 
        required for proper cardiac morphogenesis, this is a developmental 
        application of its core transcriptional co-activator function rather 
        than a primary role.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12464179
          supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 
            pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during 
            development
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin activity influences processes like cell 
            proliferation and differentiation
  - term:
      id: GO:0008104
      label: intracellular protein localization
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16621792
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:16621792
          supporting_text: 'Epub 2006 Apr 17. Membrane localization of adenomatous
            polyposis coli protein at cellular protrusions: targeting sequences and
            regulation by beta-catenin.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0008283
      label: cell population proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
    review:
      summary: The paper shows Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor 
        development via tenascin C/PDGFR pathway. Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling 
        promotes proliferation of lung mesenchymal cells. This is mediated 
        through transcriptional activation of proliferation genes.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Cell proliferation is a core biological process regulated by 
        beta-catenin through Wnt signaling. As a transcriptional co-activator, 
        beta-catenin directly induces expression of proliferation-promoting 
        genes like c-Myc and cyclin D1. This is a fundamental cellular outcome 
        of its signaling function.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19690384
          supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor 
            development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0008283
      label: cell population proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15131783
    review:
      summary: Loss of beta-catenin in gastrointestinal tract affects 
        proliferation. Beta-catenin is essential for maintaining proliferative 
        capacity of intestinal crypt cells through Wnt signaling.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Additional evidence for beta-catenin's core role in regulating 
        cell proliferation. In intestinal crypts, beta-catenin/TCF complexes 
        drive expression of genes maintaining the proliferative progenitor 
        state.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15131783
          supporting_text: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the
            murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin'
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin is highly expressed in self-renewing and
            progenitor cell populations – for instance, in the intestinal 
            epithelium, which has a high turnover, beta-catenin is expressed in 
            crypt progenitor cells where Wnt signaling actively drives 
            proliferation
  - term:
      id: GO:0008284
      label: positive regulation of cell population proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:19690384
          supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor 
            development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
  - term:
      id: GO:0008543
      label: fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:18533146
          supporting_text: 2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network 
            controls lung mesenchyme development.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0009948
      label: anterior/posterior axis specification
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:10662781
    review:
      summary: The landmark paper demonstrates requirement for beta-catenin in 
        anterior-posterior axis formation in mice. Beta-catenin is absolutely 
        essential for establishing the embryonic axis through Wnt 
        signaling-mediated organizer formation.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Anterior-posterior axis specification is a fundamental embryonic 
        patterning process that directly requires beta-catenin's transcriptional
        co-activator function. Beta-catenin/TCF complexes activate organizer 
        genes essential for axis formation. This is a core developmental role.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10662781
          supporting_text: Requirement for beta-catenin in anterior-posterior 
            axis formation in mice
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: During embryogenesis, beta-catenin is required for 
            processes such as embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification, as
            initially shown by studies in model organisms where ectopic 
            beta-catenin can induce a secondary body axis
  - term:
      id: GO:0009950
      label: dorsal/ventral axis specification
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12923052
    review:
      summary: The paper shows genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and 
        BMP signaling during AER formation and dorsal-ventral axis specification
        in limb. Beta-catenin participates in establishing D/V polarity through 
        Wnt signaling.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Dorsal/ventral axis specification is another fundamental 
        patterning process requiring beta-catenin. Through Wnt signaling, 
        beta-catenin establishes positional information essential for proper 
        embryonic organization. This is a core developmental function directly 
        mediated by its transcriptional role.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12923052
          supporting_text: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP 
            receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the 
            dorsal-ventral axis in the limb
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin is required for processes such as 
            embryonic morphogenesis and axis specification
  - term:
      id: GO:0009953
      label: dorsal/ventral pattern formation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15708565
    review:
      summary: The paper shows effects of canonical Wnt signaling on 
        dorso-ventral specification of mouse telencephalon. Beta-catenin 
        signaling establishes regional identity in developing brain through 
        target gene regulation.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Pattern formation is a core developmental process directly 
        mediated by beta-catenin's transcriptional co-activator function. 
        Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling establishes positional information and 
        regional identity essential for proper tissue organization.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15708565
          supporting_text: Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral 
            specification of the mouse telencephalon
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development
  - term:
      id: GO:0009954
      label: proximal/distal pattern formation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12885771
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:12885771
          supporting_text: 2003 Jul 28. beta-Catenin is required for 
            specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung 
            morphogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0010463
      label: mesenchymal cell proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0010463
      label: mesenchymal cell proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:18533146
          supporting_text: 2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network 
            controls lung mesenchyme development.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0010468
      label: regulation of gene expression
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:22102609
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:22102609
          supporting_text: Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural 
            plate induces ectopic mid-hindbrain characteristics.
  - term:
      id: GO:0010628
      label: positive regulation of gene expression
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0010628
      label: positive regulation of gene expression
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:19690384
          supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor 
            development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
  - term:
      id: GO:0010718
      label: positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000008
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin/Wnt signaling can promote EMT through 
        transcriptional regulation of EMT genes. Beta-catenin activates 
        expression of transcription factors like Snail and Twist that drive EMT.
        This is based on orthology inference.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: EMT regulation is a well-established function of beta-catenin 
        through Wnt signaling. Beta-catenin/TCF complexes directly activate 
        EMT-inducing transcription factors. This is important in both 
        development and cancer progression.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin has been implicated in 
            epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process important in 
            development and cancer metastasis (consistent with its Wnt signaling
            function)
        - reference_id: GO_REF:0000008
          supporting_text: Gene Ontology annotation by the MGI curatorial staff,
            curated orthology
  - term:
      id: GO:0016331
      label: morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:16102745
          supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in
            lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular
            ectoderm.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0021819
      label: layer formation in cerebral cortex
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:20503375
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:20503375
          supporting_text: Expression analysis of an evolutionarily conserved 
            metallophosphodiesterase gene, Mpped1, in the normal and 
            beta-catenin-deficient malformed dorsal telencephalon.
  - term:
      id: GO:0022009
      label: central nervous system vasculogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19023080
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:19023080
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling regulates organ-specific 
            assembly and differentiation of CNS vasculature.
  - term:
      id: GO:0022405
      label: hair cycle process
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:11371349
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:11371349
          supporting_text: beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and
            stem cell differentiation in the skin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030097
      label: hemopoiesis
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12717450
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:12717450
          supporting_text: A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of 
            haematopoietic stem cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030154
      label: cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
    review:
      summary: The lens development study shows beta-catenin regulates 
        epithelial differentiation. Beta-catenin signaling controls the balance 
        between proliferation and differentiation in multiple tissues through 
        target gene regulation.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Cell differentiation is a fundamental process regulated by 
        beta-catenin through Wnt signaling. As a transcriptional co-activator, 
        beta-catenin controls expression of differentiation genes and cell fate 
        determinants. This is a core biological function directly mediated by 
        its signaling role.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16102745
          supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in
            lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular
            ectoderm'
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0030217
      label: T cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:14608382
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:14608382
          supporting_text: Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030316
      label: osteoclast differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:15866165
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts
            controls osteoclast differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030324
      label: lung development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12885771
    review:
      summary: The cited paper shows beta-catenin is required for 
        proximal/distal cell fate specification during lung morphogenesis. 
        Wnt/beta-catenin signaling controls lung epithelial differentiation and 
        branching morphogenesis.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Lung development is an organ-specific process utilizing 
        beta-catenin's Wnt signaling function. While essential for proper lung 
        morphogenesis and cell fate decisions, this represents tissue-specific 
        application of its core transcriptional co-activator role.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12885771
          supporting_text: beta-Catenin is required for specification of 
            proximal/distal cell fate during lung morphogenesis
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: In organ development, beta-catenin plays essential 
            roles... in the formation of organs like the kidney, lungs, and 
            limbs
  - term:
      id: GO:0048709
      label: oligodendrocyte differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19503085
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:19503085
          supporting_text: HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte 
            differentiation by disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0051450
      label: myoblast proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0060441
      label: epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:18533146
          supporting_text: 2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network 
            controls lung mesenchyme development.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0060487
      label: lung epithelial cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16040629
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:16040629
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory
            epithelial cells in vivo.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0060767
      label: epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland 
        development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12813461
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:12813461
          supporting_text: Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium 
            induces hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0072089
      label: stem cell proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:18533146
          supporting_text: 2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network 
            controls lung mesenchyme development.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0097190
      label: apoptotic signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15131783
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:15131783
          supporting_text: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the
            murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.'
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0097190
      label: apoptotic signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:20454446
          supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell 
            survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0097190
      label: apoptotic signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
    review:
      summary: Beta-catenin is involved in this process through its core 
        functions in cell adhesion and/or Wnt signaling. Requires further 
        specific evaluation based on cited evidence.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: This represents a downstream developmental or cellular process 
        that utilizes beta-catenin's core molecular functions (adhesion and/or 
        transcriptional co-activation) in a tissue- or context-specific manner 
        rather than being a primary function of the protein itself.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin also serves as a central effector in the
            canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls cell proliferation, 
            differentiation, and fate during development and tissue homeostasis
        - reference_id: PMID:20454446
          supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell 
            survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
    retired: true
  - term:
      id: GO:0032212
      label: positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
    review:
      summary: Paper shows Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in 
        stem cells and cancer. Beta-catenin/TCF complexes directly activate TERT
        expression, linking Wnt signaling to telomerase activity.
      action: KEEP_AS_NON_CORE
      reason: Telomerase regulation is a specialized function in stem cells and 
        cancer cells. While beta-catenin can regulate TERT expression through 
        Wnt signaling, this represents a specific transcriptional target rather 
        than a core function of the protein.
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22723415
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem 
            cells and cancer cells
        - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin/TCF complexes directly activate 
            transcription of specific target genes
  - term:
      id: GO:0001222
      label: transcription corepressor binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016358
      label: dendrite development
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:27713508
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:27713508
          supporting_text: Conditional Knockout of Breast Carcinoma Amplified 
            Sequence 2 (BCAS2) in Mouse Forebrain Causes Dendritic Malformation 
            via β-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0001222
      label: transcription corepressor binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0060856
      label: establishment of blood-brain barrier
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:25083995
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:25083995
          supporting_text: Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular 
            development and barrier formation.
  - term:
      id: GO:1990963
      label: establishment of blood-retinal barrier
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:25083995
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:25083995
          supporting_text: Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular 
            development and barrier formation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0001709
      label: cell fate determination
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15708565
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15708565
          supporting_text: Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral 
            specification of the mouse telencephalon.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15024079
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15024079
          supporting_text: Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and 
            is directly regulated by beta-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15778706
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15778706
          supporting_text: Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in 
            intestinal crypts.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15907834
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15907834
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, 
            BMP4, and FGF signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in 
            the lung.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16581771
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16581771
          supporting_text: CCN1/Cyr61 is regulated by the canonical Wnt signal 
            and plays an important role in Wnt3A-induced osteoblast 
            differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030154
      label: cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15131783
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15131783
          supporting_text: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the
            murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0030154
      label: cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16192304
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16192304
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but 
            not islet development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030324
      label: lung development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030539
      label: male genitalia development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19282366
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19282366
          supporting_text: Mar 12. Genetic interactions of the androgen and 
            Wnt/beta-catenin pathways for the masculinization of external 
            genitalia.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030856
      label: regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12813461
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12813461
          supporting_text: Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium 
            induces hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030858
      label: positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16040629
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16040629
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory
            epithelial cells in vivo.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030900
      label: forebrain development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15708565
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15708565
          supporting_text: Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral 
            specification of the mouse telencephalon.
  - term:
      id: GO:0031016
      label: pancreas development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16192304
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16192304
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but 
            not islet development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0031069
      label: hair follicle morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:11371349
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11371349
          supporting_text: beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and
            stem cell differentiation in the skin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0031069
      label: hair follicle morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:24309208
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:24309208
          supporting_text: 2013 Dec 3. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dermal 
            condensates is required for hair follicle formation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0031641
      label: regulation of myelination
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19515974
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19515974
          supporting_text: Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway inhibits timely 
            myelination and remyelination in the mammalian CNS.
  - term:
      id: GO:0032331
      label: negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16818445
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16818445
          supporting_text: Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and 
            regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0033077
      label: T cell differentiation in thymus
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16025118
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16025118
          supporting_text: Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function 
            disrupts thymic development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0034332
      label: adherens junction organization
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19129494
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19129494
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but 
            not non-CNS, angiogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0035050
      label: embryonic heart tube development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0035112
      label: genitalia morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18635608
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18635608
          supporting_text: Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in 
            external genitalia development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0035115
      label: embryonic forelimb morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15371327
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15371327
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and 
            necessary for synovial joint formation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0035116
      label: embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12923052
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12923052
          supporting_text: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP 
            receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the 
            dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
  - term:
      id: GO:0035116
      label: embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0042127
      label: regulation of cell population proliferation
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12235125
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12235125
          supporting_text: Sep 16. Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires
            the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription 
            factor.
  - term:
      id: GO:0042127
      label: regulation of cell population proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:17055474
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17055474
          supporting_text: 2006 Jun 27. The stabilization of beta-catenin leads 
            to impaired primordial germ cell development via aberrant cell cycle
            progression.
  - term:
      id: GO:0042127
      label: regulation of cell population proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18635608
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18635608
          supporting_text: Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in 
            external genitalia development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0042129
      label: regulation of T cell proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:14608382
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14608382
          supporting_text: Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0042475
      label: odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866165
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts
            controls osteoclast differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0042733
      label: embryonic digit morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12923052
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12923052
          supporting_text: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP 
            receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the 
            dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
  - term:
      id: GO:0042733
      label: embryonic digit morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:20043884
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20043884
          supporting_text: Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp 
            signaling within the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates 
            interdigit formation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0042733
      label: embryonic digit morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:20043884
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20043884
          supporting_text: Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp 
            signaling within the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates 
            interdigit formation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0042981
      label: regulation of apoptotic process
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:20043884
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20043884
          supporting_text: Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp 
            signaling within the Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates 
            interdigit formation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0043410
      label: positive regulation of MAPK cascade
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16478791
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16478791
          supporting_text: APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular 
            proliferation induced by RAS.
  - term:
      id: GO:0043524
      label: negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:22956852
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22956852
          supporting_text: Integration of β-catenin, sirtuin, and FOXO signaling
            protects from mutant huntingtin toxicity.
  - term:
      id: GO:0043588
      label: skin development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19718027
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19718027
          supporting_text: Tcf3 and Tcf4 are essential for long-term homeostasis
            of skin epithelia.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045453
      label: bone resorption
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866165
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts
            controls osteoclast differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045453
      label: bone resorption
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866165
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts
            controls osteoclast differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045595
      label: regulation of cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12717450
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12717450
          supporting_text: A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of 
            haematopoietic stem cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045596
      label: negative regulation of cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866163
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents 
            osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045596
      label: negative regulation of cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16102745
          supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in
            lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular
            ectoderm.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0045603
      label: positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045667
      label: regulation of osteoblast differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15576404
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15576404
          supporting_text: Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in 
            osteoblast development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045667
      label: regulation of osteoblast differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15802266
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15802266
          supporting_text: 2005 Mar 31. Essential role of beta-catenin in 
            postnatal bone acquisition.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045669
      label: positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866163
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents 
            osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045670
      label: regulation of osteoclast differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15802266
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15802266
          supporting_text: 2005 Mar 31. Essential role of beta-catenin in 
            postnatal bone acquisition.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045671
      label: negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866165
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts
            controls osteoclast differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045743
      label: positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling 
        pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045743
      label: positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling 
        pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18533146
          supporting_text: 2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network 
            controls lung mesenchyme development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045892
      label: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12551949
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12551949
          supporting_text: 2003 Jan 27. Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and 
            beta-catenin inhibit Runx2-dependent transcriptional activation of 
            the osteocalcin promoter.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045892
      label: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866163
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents 
            osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045893
      label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:10631168
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10631168
          supporting_text: Hippocampus development and generation of dentate 
            gyrus granule cells is regulated by LEF1.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045893
      label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12551949
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12551949
          supporting_text: 2003 Jan 27. Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and 
            beta-catenin inhibit Runx2-dependent transcriptional activation of 
            the osteocalcin promoter.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045893
      label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866163
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents 
            osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045893
      label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16936075
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16936075
          supporting_text: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated 
            Myf5 expression during somitogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045893
      label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:17767158
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17767158
          supporting_text: Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt 
            signaling requires ATF/CREB family-mediated transcriptional 
            activation of TGFbeta2.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045893
      label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19056892
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19056892
          supporting_text: A functional link between Wnt signaling and 
            SKP2-independent p27 turnover in mammary tumors.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045893
      label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19690384
          supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor 
            development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15024079
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15024079
          supporting_text: Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and 
            is directly regulated by beta-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:15729346
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15729346
          supporting_text: Pax3 functions at a nodal point in melanocyte stem 
            cell differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:15778706
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15778706
          supporting_text: Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in 
            intestinal crypts.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15907834
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15907834
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, 
            BMP4, and FGF signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in 
            the lung.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16678101
          supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching
            events dictate cell-lineage determination.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19620969
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19620969
          supporting_text: A regulatory pathway involving 
            Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines cardiac progenitor cell fate.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20159597
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20159597
          supporting_text: Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue 
            of a Wnt2-Gata6 pathway required for cardiac inflow tract 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20627076
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20627076
          supporting_text: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway modulates vascular 
            remodeling and specification by upregulating Dll4/Notch signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:21750544
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21750544
          supporting_text: The Wnt3a/β-catenin target gene Mesogenin1 controls 
            the segmentation clock by activating a Notch signalling program.
  - term:
      id: GO:0048469
      label: cell maturation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15576404
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15576404
          supporting_text: Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in 
            osteoblast development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0048469
      label: cell maturation
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17706960
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17706960
          supporting_text: 2007 Jul 24. Persistent expression of stabilized 
            beta-catenin delays maturation of radial glial cells into 
            intermediate progenitors.
  - term:
      id: GO:0048489
      label: synaptic vesicle transport
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14622577
          supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization
            and presynaptic assembly.
  - term:
      id: GO:0048513
      label: animal organ development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18635608
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18635608
          supporting_text: Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in 
            external genitalia development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0048538
      label: thymus development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16025118
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16025118
          supporting_text: Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function 
            disrupts thymic development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0048599
      label: oocyte development
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20454446
          supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell 
            survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
  - term:
      id: GO:0048617
      label: embryonic foregut morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18692041
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18692041
          supporting_text: '2008 Jul 26. Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation:
            a novel mouse model for tracheal agenesis.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0048715
      label: negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19503085
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19503085
          supporting_text: HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte 
            differentiation by disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
  - term:
      id: GO:0050808
      label: synapse organization
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14622577
          supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization
            and presynaptic assembly.
  - term:
      id: GO:0051145
      label: smooth muscle cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19690384
          supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor 
            development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060066
      label: oviduct development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:17532316
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17532316
          supporting_text: 2007 May 3. Essential roles of mesenchyme-derived 
            beta-catenin in mouse Müllerian duct morphogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12235125
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12235125
          supporting_text: Sep 16. Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires
            the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription 
            factor.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12464179
          supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 
            pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12717450
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12717450
          supporting_text: A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of 
            haematopoietic stem cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15781477
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15781477
          supporting_text: Mar 21. Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating 
            mutations inhibits Wnt signaling and osteoblast differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16678101
          supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching
            events dictate cell-lineage determination.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16818445
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16818445
          supporting_text: Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and 
            regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19060336
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19060336
          supporting_text: A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation 
            of epithelial cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary 
            axis of the mammalian kidney.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19619491
          supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and 
            Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:19686689
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19686689
          supporting_text: Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and 
            sufficient to specify lung progenitors in the foregut.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19690384
          supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor 
            development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20454446
          supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell 
            survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:31222549
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:31222549
          supporting_text: Epub 2019 Jun 20. The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits 
            normal bone phenotype.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060173
      label: limb development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12569130
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12569130
          supporting_text: Ectodermal Wnt3/beta-catenin signaling is required 
            for the establishment and maintenance of the apical ectodermal 
            ridge.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060439
      label: trachea morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060439
      label: trachea morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18692041
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18692041
          supporting_text: '2008 Jul 26. Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation:
            a novel mouse model for tracheal agenesis.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0060440
      label: trachea formation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19805295
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19805295
          supporting_text: beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity
            in mouse foregut.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060441
      label: epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060479
      label: lung cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19805295
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19805295
          supporting_text: beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity
            in mouse foregut.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060484
      label: lung-associated mesenchyme development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18533146
          supporting_text: 2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network 
            controls lung mesenchyme development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060492
      label: lung induction
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19686689
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19686689
          supporting_text: Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and 
            sufficient to specify lung progenitors in the foregut.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060492
      label: lung induction
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19805295
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19805295
          supporting_text: beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity
            in mouse foregut.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060742
      label: epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland 
        development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12813461
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12813461
          supporting_text: Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium 
            induces hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060769
      label: positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in 
        prostate gland development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12813461
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12813461
          supporting_text: Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium 
            induces hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060789
      label: hair follicle placode formation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:11371349
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11371349
          supporting_text: beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and
            stem cell differentiation in the skin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060789
      label: hair follicle placode formation
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19619491
          supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and 
            Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060916
      label: mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:17128274
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17128274
          supporting_text: Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060916
      label: mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18231602
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18231602
          supporting_text: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal
            lineages during lung development is regulated by beta-catenin 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0061047
      label: positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:18533146
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18533146
          supporting_text: 2008 Jun 3. An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network 
            controls lung mesenchyme development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0061198
      label: fungiform papilla formation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:17128274
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17128274
          supporting_text: Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0072033
      label: renal vesicle formation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:17537789
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17537789
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron 
            induction during mouse kidney development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0072053
      label: renal inner medulla development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19060336
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19060336
          supporting_text: A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation 
            of epithelial cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary 
            axis of the mammalian kidney.
  - term:
      id: GO:0072054
      label: renal outer medulla development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19060336
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19060336
          supporting_text: A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation 
            of epithelial cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary 
            axis of the mammalian kidney.
  - term:
      id: GO:0072079
      label: nephron tubule formation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:17537789
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17537789
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron 
            induction during mouse kidney development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0098609
      label: cell-cell adhesion
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:16102745
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16102745
          supporting_text: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in
            lens morphogenesis and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular
            ectoderm.'
  - term:
      id: GO:2000017
      label: positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:18316368
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18316368
          supporting_text: 2008 Mar 3. Protein encoded by the Axin(Fu) allele 
            effectively down-regulates Wnt signaling but exerts a dominant 
            negative effect on c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:2001234
      label: negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15131783
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15131783
          supporting_text: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the
            murine gastrointestinal tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.'
  - term:
      id: GO:2001234
      label: negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20454446
          supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell 
            survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
  - term:
      id: GO:2001234
      label: negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:20454446
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20454446
          supporting_text: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell 
            survival by inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003676
      label: nucleic acid binding
    evidence_type: EXP
    original_reference_id: PMID:21075118
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21075118
          supporting_text: 2010 Nov 12. Biochemical and structural 
            characterization of β-catenin interactions with nonphosphorylated 
            and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
  - term:
      id: GO:0001221
      label: transcription coregulator binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22723415
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem 
            cells and cancer cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: Essential location for beta-catenin's transcriptional 
        co-activator function in canonical Wnt signaling. Nuclear localization 
        allows beta-catenin to partner with TCF/LEF transcription factors to 
        drive expression of Wnt target genes.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Nuclear localization is fundamental to beta-catenin's second core 
        function as a transcriptional regulator in the Wnt signaling pathway.
  - term:
      id: GO:0098609
      label: cell-cell adhesion
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045296
      label: cadherin binding
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016922
      label: nuclear receptor binding
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0019903
      label: protein phosphatase binding
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045294
      label: alpha-catenin binding
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: Essential location for beta-catenin's cell adhesion function. At 
        adherens junctions, beta-catenin links E-cadherin to alpha-catenin and 
        the actin cytoskeleton, maintaining epithelial integrity and cell-cell 
        adhesion.
      action: ACCEPT
      reason: Adherens junction localization is one of beta-catenin's two core 
        functions, essential for its structural role in cell adhesion and 
        epithelial architecture.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016342
      label: catenin complex
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: IBA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0000922
      label: spindle pole
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005813
      label: centrosome
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005856
      label: cytoskeleton
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0007155
      label: cell adhesion
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0007399
      label: nervous system development
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016055
      label: Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045202
      label: synapse
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045216
      label: cell-cell junction organization
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045296
      label: cadherin binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0070161
      label: anchoring junction
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:10481074
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10481074
          supporting_text: A GSK3-binding peptide from FRAT1 selectively 
            inhibits the GSK3-catalysed phosphorylation of axin and 
            beta-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:10873669
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10873669
          supporting_text: Identification of a novel beta-catenin-interacting 
            protein.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:10882138
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10882138
          supporting_text: Structure of the dimerization and 
            beta-catenin-binding region of alpha-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:11348595
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11348595
          supporting_text: The structure of the beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex 
            and the molecular basis of diverse ligand recognition by 
            beta-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:12408825
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12408825
          supporting_text: ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family 
            transcription factors and the general coactivator p300 using 
            independent structural modules.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:12421363
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12421363
          supporting_text: Axin negatively affects tau phosphorylation by 
            glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:12874278
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12874278
          supporting_text: 2003 Jul 21. The PDZ protein tax-interacting 
            protein-1 inhibits beta-catenin transcriptional activity and growth 
            of colorectal cancer cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:14691142
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14691142
          supporting_text: alpha3beta1 integrin-CD151, a component of the 
            cadherin-catenin complex, regulates PTPmu expression and cell-cell 
            adhesion.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:15327768
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15327768
          supporting_text: Mechanism of phosphorylation-dependent binding of APC
            to beta-catenin and its role in beta-catenin degradation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16293619
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16293619
          supporting_text: '2005 Nov 17. Thermodynamics of beta-catenin-ligand interactions:
            the roles of the N- and C-terminal tails in modulating binding affinity.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16678101
          supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching
            events dictate cell-lineage determination.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:19107203
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19107203
          supporting_text: Direct inhibition of GSK3beta by the phosphorylated 
            cytoplasmic domain of LRP6 in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:20531388
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20531388
          supporting_text: Mutant huntingtin-impaired degradation of 
            beta-catenin causes neurotoxicity in Huntington's disease.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:20837657
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20837657
          supporting_text: Abelson family kinases regulate Frizzled planar cell 
            polarity signaling via Dsh phosphorylation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:21103407
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21103407
          supporting_text: The leukemia-associated Mllt10/Af10-Dot1l are 
            Tcf4/β-catenin coactivators essential for intestinal homeostasis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:21552260
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21552260
          supporting_text: May 8. Nemo kinase phosphorylates β-catenin to 
            promote ommatidial rotation and connects core PCP factors to 
            E-cadherin-β-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:21730140
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21730140
          supporting_text: Ezrin-mediated apical integrity is required for 
            intestinal homeostasis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:21751375
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21751375
          supporting_text: Aug 1. Functional analysis of novel phosphorylation 
            sites of CREB-binding protein using mass spectrometry and mammalian 
            two-hybrid assays.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22723415
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem 
            cells and cancer cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:23273993
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23273993
          supporting_text: Dec 27. Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by 
            dedifferentiation and acquisition of stem-cell-like properties.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:25873176
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:25873176
          supporting_text: TGIF governs a feed-forward network that empowers Wnt
            signaling to drive mammary tumorigenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:26893351
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:26893351
          supporting_text: The transcription factor SOX6 contributes to the 
            developmental origins of obesity by promoting adipogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:9264463
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:9264463
          supporting_text: A specific domain in alpha-catenin mediates binding 
            to beta-catenin or plakoglobin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0000209
      label: protein polyubiquitination
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0000791
      label: euchromatin
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0001649
      label: osteoblast differentiation
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005102
      label: signaling receptor binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005667
      label: transcription regulator complex
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005813
      label: centrosome
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005829
      label: cytosol
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005911
      label: cell-cell junction
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005929
      label: cilium
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005938
      label: cell cortex
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0007155
      label: cell adhesion
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0007173
      label: epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0008285
      label: negative regulation of cell population proliferation
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0010629
      label: negative regulation of gene expression
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0010717
      label: regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0010718
      label: positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0010909
      label: positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic 
        process
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0014010
      label: Schwann cell proliferation
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0014704
      label: intercalated disc
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016323
      label: basolateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016324
      label: apical plasma membrane
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016328
      label: lateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016328
      label: lateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016342
      label: catenin complex
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016922
      label: nuclear receptor binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0019899
      label: enzyme binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0019900
      label: kinase binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0019902
      label: phosphatase binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0030054
      label: cell junction
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0030331
      label: nuclear estrogen receptor binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0030877
      label: beta-catenin destruction complex
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0030997
      label: regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0031396
      label: regulation of protein ubiquitination
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0031625
      label: ubiquitin protein ligase binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0031965
      label: nuclear membrane
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0032355
      label: response to estradiol
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0032991
      label: protein-containing complex
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0032993
      label: protein-DNA complex
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0033234
      label: negative regulation of protein sumoylation
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0034097
      label: response to cytokine
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0034112
      label: positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0034333
      label: adherens junction assembly
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0034394
      label: protein localization to cell surface
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0035255
      label: ionotropic glutamate receptor binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0036064
      label: ciliary basal body
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0043065
      label: positive regulation of apoptotic process
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0043066
      label: negative regulation of apoptotic process
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0043161
      label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0043198
      label: dendritic shaft
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0043525
      label: positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0043627
      label: response to estrogen
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0044325
      label: transmembrane transporter binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0044331
      label: cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0044877
      label: protein-containing complex binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045294
      label: alpha-catenin binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045294
      label: alpha-catenin binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045296
      label: cadherin binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045296
      label: cadherin binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045892
      label: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045893
      label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0046332
      label: SMAD binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0048471
      label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0048471
      label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0048660
      label: regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0050998
      label: nitric-oxide synthase binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0060231
      label: mesenchymal to epithelial transition
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0061154
      label: endothelial tube morphogenesis
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0061629
      label: RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0070097
      label: delta-catenin binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0070160
      label: tight junction
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0070369
      label: beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0070411
      label: I-SMAD binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0070602
      label: regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0071260
      label: cellular response to mechanical stimulus
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0071363
      label: cellular response to growth factor stimulus
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0071681
      label: cellular response to indole-3-methanol
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0071944
      label: cell periphery
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0072497
      label: mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0090279
      label: regulation of calcium ion import
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0098609
      label: cell-cell adhesion
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0140297
      label: DNA-binding transcription factor binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:1905555
      label: positive regulation of blood vessel branching
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:1990138
      label: neuron projection extension
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:1990314
      label: cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:1990907
      label: beta-catenin-TCF complex
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:2000008
      label: regulation of protein localization to cell surface
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0000209
      label: protein polyubiquitination
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0000791
      label: euchromatin
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0001649
      label: osteoblast differentiation
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005102
      label: signaling receptor binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005667
      label: transcription regulator complex
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005829
      label: cytosol
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005911
      label: cell-cell junction
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005929
      label: cilium
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005938
      label: cell cortex
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0007173
      label: epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0008285
      label: negative regulation of cell population proliferation
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0009410
      label: response to xenobiotic stimulus
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0010717
      label: regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0010718
      label: positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0010909
      label: positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic 
        process
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016323
      label: basolateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016328
      label: lateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016342
      label: catenin complex
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016922
      label: nuclear receptor binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0019899
      label: enzyme binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0019900
      label: kinase binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0019902
      label: phosphatase binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0030054
      label: cell junction
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0030331
      label: nuclear estrogen receptor binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0030877
      label: beta-catenin destruction complex
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0030997
      label: regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0031396
      label: regulation of protein ubiquitination
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0032355
      label: response to estradiol
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0032991
      label: protein-containing complex
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0032993
      label: protein-DNA complex
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0033234
      label: negative regulation of protein sumoylation
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0034112
      label: positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0034333
      label: adherens junction assembly
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0034394
      label: protein localization to cell surface
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0036064
      label: ciliary basal body
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0043065
      label: positive regulation of apoptotic process
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0043066
      label: negative regulation of apoptotic process
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0043161
      label: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0043525
      label: positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0044325
      label: transmembrane transporter binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0044331
      label: cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045294
      label: alpha-catenin binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045892
      label: negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045893
      label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0046332
      label: SMAD binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0048471
      label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0048660
      label: regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0060231
      label: mesenchymal to epithelial transition
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0061154
      label: endothelial tube morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0061629
      label: RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0070369
      label: beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0070411
      label: I-SMAD binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0070602
      label: regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0071363
      label: cellular response to growth factor stimulus
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0071681
      label: cellular response to indole-3-methanol
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0071944
      label: cell periphery
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0072497
      label: mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0090279
      label: regulation of calcium ion import
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0140297
      label: DNA-binding transcription factor binding
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:1905555
      label: positive regulation of blood vessel branching
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:1990138
      label: neuron projection extension
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:1990907
      label: beta-catenin-TCF complex
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:2000008
      label: regulation of protein localization to cell surface
    evidence_type: IEA
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000107
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12408825
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12408825
          supporting_text: ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family 
            transcription factors and the general coactivator p300 using 
            independent structural modules.
  - term:
      id: GO:0000122
      label: negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:10898789
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10898789
          supporting_text: Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel 
            beta-catenin-interacting protein.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16936075
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16936075
          supporting_text: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated 
            Myf5 expression during somitogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045597
      label: positive regulation of cell differentiation
    evidence_type: NAS
    original_reference_id: PMID:24847765
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:24847765
          supporting_text: From inception to output, Tcf1 and Lef1 safeguard 
            development of T cells and innate immune cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16936075
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16936075
          supporting_text: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated 
            Myf5 expression during somitogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0050767
      label: regulation of neurogenesis
    evidence_type: NAS
    original_reference_id: PMID:23377854
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23377854
          supporting_text: 2013 Feb 2. Physiological role of β-catenin/TCF 
            signaling in neurons of the adult brain.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16936075
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16936075
          supporting_text: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated 
            Myf5 expression during somitogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0090090
      label: negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:10898789
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10898789
          supporting_text: Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel 
            beta-catenin-interacting protein.
  - term:
      id: GO:0090575
      label: RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:21075118
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21075118
          supporting_text: 2010 Nov 12. Biochemical and structural 
            characterization of β-catenin interactions with nonphosphorylated 
            and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
  - term:
      id: GO:1990711
      label: beta-catenin-ICAT complex
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:10898789
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10898789
          supporting_text: Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel 
            beta-catenin-interacting protein.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12494996
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12494996
          supporting_text: Loss of desmoglein 2 suggests essential functions for
            early embryonic development and proliferation of embryonal stem 
            cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0010717
      label: regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0060231
      label: mesenchymal to epithelial transition
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22723415
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem 
            cells and cancer cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22723415
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem 
            cells and cancer cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:1990226
      label: histone methyltransferase binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22723415
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem 
            cells and cancer cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:27375112
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:27375112
          supporting_text: Epub 2016 Jun 29. Antagonistic Regulation of 
            Intercellular Cohesion by Plakophilins 1 and 3.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:27375112
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:27375112
          supporting_text: Epub 2016 Jun 29. Antagonistic Regulation of 
            Intercellular Cohesion by Plakophilins 1 and 3.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:27015268
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:27015268
          supporting_text: eCollection 2016. Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt 
            Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for Tooth Development and 
            Ameloblast Differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:27015268
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:27015268
          supporting_text: eCollection 2016. Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt 
            Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for Tooth Development and 
            Ameloblast Differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:27015268
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:27015268
          supporting_text: eCollection 2016. Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt 
            Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for Tooth Development and 
            Ameloblast Differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0042734
      label: presynaptic membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:8909549
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8909549
          supporting_text: The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in 
            synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045211
      label: postsynaptic membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:8909549
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8909549
          supporting_text: The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in 
            synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
  - term:
      id: GO:0051963
      label: regulation of synapse assembly
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:28641114
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:28641114
          supporting_text: A Critical Role of Presynaptic 
            Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in Stabilizing Spines and 
            Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
  - term:
      id: GO:0051963
      label: regulation of synapse assembly
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:28641114
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:28641114
          supporting_text: A Critical Role of Presynaptic 
            Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in Stabilizing Spines and 
            Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
  - term:
      id: GO:0097091
      label: synaptic vesicle clustering
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14622577
          supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization
            and presynaptic assembly.
  - term:
      id: GO:0097091
      label: synaptic vesicle clustering
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14622577
          supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization
            and presynaptic assembly.
  - term:
      id: GO:0098685
      label: Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14622577
          supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization
            and presynaptic assembly.
  - term:
      id: GO:0098685
      label: Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:14622577
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14622577
          supporting_text: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization
            and presynaptic assembly.
  - term:
      id: GO:0098831
      label: presynaptic active zone cytoplasmic component
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:8909549
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8909549
          supporting_text: The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in 
            synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
  - term:
      id: GO:0098978
      label: glutamatergic synapse
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:28641114
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:28641114
          supporting_text: A Critical Role of Presynaptic 
            Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in Stabilizing Spines and 
            Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
  - term:
      id: GO:0098978
      label: glutamatergic synapse
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:28641114
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:28641114
          supporting_text: A Critical Role of Presynaptic 
            Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in Stabilizing Spines and 
            Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
  - term:
      id: GO:0099092
      label: postsynaptic density, intracellular component
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:8909549
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8909549
          supporting_text: The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in 
            synaptic junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
  - term:
      id: GO:0048568
      label: embryonic organ development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:30478225
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:30478225
          supporting_text: TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT 
            signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric 
            mesenchyme.
  - term:
      id: GO:0072497
      label: mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:30478225
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:30478225
          supporting_text: TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT 
            signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric 
            mesenchyme.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15905404
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15905404
          supporting_text: Functional interaction between beta-catenin and FOXO 
            in oxidative stress signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0036520
      label: astrocyte-dopaminergic neuron signaling
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:21752258
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21752258
          supporting_text: 'A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway
            as a candidate regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic
            neuron-astrocyte crosstalk: Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival
            and neuroprotection.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19122665
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19122665
          supporting_text: Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor 
            plate neurogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:21752258
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21752258
          supporting_text: 'A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway
            as a candidate regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic
            neuron-astrocyte crosstalk: Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival
            and neuroprotection.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22723415
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem 
            cells and cancer cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003151
      label: outflow tract morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12464179
          supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 
            pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0008284
      label: positive regulation of cell population proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12464179
          supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 
            pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:1901331
      label: positive regulation of odontoblast differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:29148101
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:29148101
          supporting_text: Homeobox protein MSX-1 inhibits expression of bone 
            morphogenetic protein 2, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and lymphoid 
            enhancer-binding factor 1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent 
            differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells during the late bell 
            stage.
  - term:
      id: GO:1903377
      label: negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic 
        apoptotic signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:21752258
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21752258
          supporting_text: 'A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway
            as a candidate regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic
            neuron-astrocyte crosstalk: Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival
            and neuroprotection.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:32533114
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:32533114
          supporting_text: ADNP promotes neural differentiation by modulating 
            Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16678101
          supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching
            events dictate cell-lineage determination.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16818445
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16818445
          supporting_text: Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and 
            regulation of Ihh during chondrogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17767158
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17767158
          supporting_text: Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt 
            signaling requires ATF/CREB family-mediated transcriptional 
            activation of TGFbeta2.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19619491
          supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and 
            Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19620969
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19620969
          supporting_text: A regulatory pathway involving 
            Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines cardiac progenitor cell fate.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19690384
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19690384
          supporting_text: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor 
            development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20159597
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20159597
          supporting_text: Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue 
            of a Wnt2-Gata6 pathway required for cardiac inflow tract 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:21350016
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21350016
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell 
            expansion and differentiation during kidney development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:21512031
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21512031
          supporting_text: Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain 
            cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:23824574
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23824574
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression 
            and is essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12235125
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12235125
          supporting_text: Sep 16. Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires
            the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription 
            factor.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12464179
          supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 
            pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16678101
          supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching
            events dictate cell-lineage determination.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19056892
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19056892
          supporting_text: A functional link between Wnt signaling and 
            SKP2-independent p27 turnover in mammary tumors.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19619491
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19619491
          supporting_text: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and 
            Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:10318824
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10318824
          supporting_text: Functional domains of axin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:11104755
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11104755
          supporting_text: 2000 Dec 4. Substitution of a glycogen synthase 
            kinase-3beta phosphorylation site in presenilin 1 separates 
            presenilin function from beta-catenin signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:12432063
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12432063
          supporting_text: Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of 
            beta-catenin with alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:12695331
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12695331
          supporting_text: NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis 
            by destabilizing adherens junctions.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:12861022
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12861022
          supporting_text: T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse 
            TCF-4, synergizes with beta-catenin to coactivate C/EBPalpha and 
            steroidogenic factor 1 transcription factors.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:14647292
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14647292
          supporting_text: Mammalian formin-1 participates in adherens junctions
            and polymerization of linear actin cables.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:14960280
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14960280
          supporting_text: Ozz-E3, a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, regulates
            beta-catenin degradation during myogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:15574752
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15574752
          supporting_text: Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, 
            B9L, in tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:15781477
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15781477
          supporting_text: Mar 21. Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating 
            mutations inhibits Wnt signaling and osteoblast differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:15834408
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15834408
          supporting_text: The KIF3 motor transports N-cadherin and organizes 
            the developing neuroepithelium.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16368433
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16368433
          supporting_text: Deficient E-cadherin adhesion in C57BL/6J-Min/+ mice 
            is associated with increased tyrosine kinase activity and 
            RhoA-dependent actomyosin contractility.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:17535849
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17535849
          supporting_text: May 29. A unique and specific interaction between 
            alphaT-catenin and plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the 
            mixed-type junctional structure of cardiac intercalated discs.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:18202148
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18202148
          supporting_text: Jan 17. Cooperative control via lymphoid enhancer 
            factor 1/T cell factor 3 and estrogen receptor-alpha for uterine 
            gene regulation by estrogen.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:18632848
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18632848
          supporting_text: SUMOylation target sites at the C terminus protect 
            Axin from ubiquitination and confer protein stability.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:19503085
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19503085
          supporting_text: HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte 
            differentiation by disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:19725955
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19725955
          supporting_text: Arginine methyltransferase CARM1/PRMT4 regulates 
            endochondral ossification.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:21512031
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21512031
          supporting_text: Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain 
            cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:22665494
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22665494
          supporting_text: Jun 4. mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively 
            regulates Wnt signaling through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in 
            mouse spermatogonial cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:26787558
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:26787558
          supporting_text: SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens 
            junction stability and reduced cranial neural crest cell 
            delamination.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:30659184
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:30659184
          supporting_text: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates 
            cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:8555428
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8555428
          supporting_text: Immunotoxicologic effects of ethylene dibromide in 
            the mouse and their modulation by the estrous cycle.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:9488439
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:9488439
          supporting_text: Two members of the Tcf family implicated in 
            Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during embryogenesis in the mouse.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:9554852
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:9554852
          supporting_text: Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin,
            with beta-catenin, APC, and GSK3beta.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:30659184
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:30659184
          supporting_text: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates 
            cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:11731231
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11731231
          supporting_text: Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of 
            beta-catenin during the development of hair follicle-derived 
            structures.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:11731265
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11731265
          supporting_text: Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of 
            beta-catenin in the developing mouse lung.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:11872843
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11872843
          supporting_text: Colorectal cancer in mice genetically deficient in 
            the mucin Muc2.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12874278
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12874278
          supporting_text: 2003 Jul 21. The PDZ protein tax-interacting 
            protein-1 inhibits beta-catenin transcriptional activity and growth 
            of colorectal cancer cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12885771
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12885771
          supporting_text: 2003 Jul 28. beta-Catenin is required for 
            specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung 
            morphogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12923052
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12923052
          supporting_text: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP 
            receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the 
            dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15371327
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15371327
          supporting_text: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and 
            necessary for synovial joint formation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15574752
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15574752
          supporting_text: Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, 
            B9L, in tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15778706
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15778706
          supporting_text: Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in 
            intestinal crypts.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866163
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866163
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents 
            osteoblasts from differentiating into chondrocytes.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15866165
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15866165
          supporting_text: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts
            controls osteoclast differentiation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16439479
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16439479
          supporting_text: Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by 
            limiting mesenchymal Wnt signaling and promoting extracellular 
            matrix production.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16489008
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16489008
          supporting_text: Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell 
            cycle progression.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16678815
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16678815
          supporting_text: 2006 Apr 3. Lef1 is required for the transition of 
            Wnt signaling from mesenchymal to epithelial cells in the mouse 
            embryonic mammary gland.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16858399
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16858399
          supporting_text: Jul 20. C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex
            neural precursor population.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16989802
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16989802
          supporting_text: Jul 7. Levels of mesenchymal FGFR2 signaling modulate
            smooth muscle progenitor cell commitment in the lung.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17128274
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17128274
          supporting_text: Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17560563
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17560563
          supporting_text: 2007 May 3. Fgf10 dosage is critical for the 
            amplification of epithelial cell progenitors and for the formation 
            of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17596282
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17596282
          supporting_text: Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor 
            suppression upon Apc inactivation in the pancreas.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17615359
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17615359
          supporting_text: Regulation of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis 
            through the adaptor protein MyD88.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:18978355
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18978355
          supporting_text: 2008 Oct 31. Overexpression of TEAD-1 in transgenic 
            mouse striated muscles produces a slower skeletal muscle contractile
            phenotype.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19213727
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19213727
          supporting_text: 2009 Feb 12. Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and
            mineralization through R-spondin 2.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19497282
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19497282
          supporting_text: Wnt7a activates the planar cell polarity pathway to 
            drive the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19796622
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19796622
          supporting_text: Uncovering early response of gene regulatory networks
            in ESCs by systematic induction of transcription factors.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19850029
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19850029
          supporting_text: Oct 19. A critical role for sFRP proteins in 
            maintaining caudal neural tube closure in mice via inhibition of BMP
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:21991325
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21991325
          supporting_text: RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia 
            differentiation and entry into meiosis in the mouse fetal ovary.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:22665494
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22665494
          supporting_text: Jun 4. mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively 
            regulates Wnt signaling through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in 
            mouse spermatogonial cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:23266329
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23266329
          supporting_text: 2012 Dec 22. Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus 
            formation and initiation of cytodifferentiation in the embryonic 
            intestinal epithelium.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:23610556
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23610556
          supporting_text: Apr 16. A positive feedback loop involving Gcm1 and 
            Fzd5 directs chorionic branching morphogenesis in the placenta.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:23740243
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23740243
          supporting_text: Epub 2013 Jun 5. Activation of the transcription 
            factor GLI1 by WNT signaling underlies the role of SULFATASE 2 as a 
            regulator of tissue regeneration.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:25535395
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:25535395
          supporting_text: Notch inhibition induces mitotically generated hair 
            cells in mammalian cochleae via activating the Wnt pathway.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:30659184
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:30659184
          supporting_text: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates 
            cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:31222549
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:31222549
          supporting_text: Epub 2019 Jun 20. The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits 
            normal bone phenotype.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005667
      label: transcription regulator complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12464179
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12464179
          supporting_text: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 
            pathway mediating cell-type-specific proliferation during 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005667
      label: transcription regulator complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12861022
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12861022
          supporting_text: T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse 
            TCF-4, synergizes with beta-catenin to coactivate C/EBPalpha and 
            steroidogenic factor 1 transcription factors.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005667
      label: transcription regulator complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16678101
          supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching
            events dictate cell-lineage determination.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:30659184
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:30659184
          supporting_text: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates 
            cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:11731231
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11731231
          supporting_text: Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of 
            beta-catenin during the development of hair follicle-derived 
            structures.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:11731265
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11731265
          supporting_text: Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of 
            beta-catenin in the developing mouse lung.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12235125
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12235125
          supporting_text: Sep 16. Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires
            the downstream target Microphthalmia-associated transcription 
            factor.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12923052
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12923052
          supporting_text: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP 
            receptor signaling during formation of the AER and the 
            dorsal-ventral axis in the limb.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:14981260
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14981260
          supporting_text: Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Axin regulates 
            subcellular localization of beta-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15525667
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15525667
          supporting_text: Stabilization of beta-catenin in the mouse zygote 
            leads to premature epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the 
            epiblast.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15574752
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15574752
          supporting_text: Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, 
            B9L, in tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16489008
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16489008
          supporting_text: Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell 
            cycle progression.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17128274
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17128274
          supporting_text: Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19213727
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19213727
          supporting_text: 2009 Feb 12. Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and
            mineralization through R-spondin 2.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:30659184
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:30659184
          supporting_text: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates 
            cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005829
      label: cytosol
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12055200
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12055200
          supporting_text: 2002 Jun 7. Regulation of Wnt signaling during 
            adipogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005829
      label: cytosol
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15673614
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15673614
          supporting_text: Jan 26. Wnt10b deficiency promotes coexpression of 
            myogenic and adipogenic programs in myoblasts.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12040017
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12040017
          supporting_text: 'Mouse mammary epithelial cells express the Na-K-Cl cotransporter,
            NKCC1: characterization, localization, and involvement in ductal development
            and morphogenesis.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16418220
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16418220
          supporting_text: Desmocollin 3 is required for pre-implantation 
            development of the mouse embryo.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16740478
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16740478
          supporting_text: Apc tumor suppressor gene is the "zonation-keeper" of
            mouse liver.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16858399
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16858399
          supporting_text: Jul 20. C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex
            neural precursor population.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16962386
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16962386
          supporting_text: 'Epub 2006 Jul 27. Tissue, cellular and sub-cellular localization
            of the Vangl2 protein during embryonic development: effect of the Lp mutation.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17596282
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17596282
          supporting_text: Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor 
            suppression upon Apc inactivation in the pancreas.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:19966784
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19966784
          supporting_text: 2009 Dec 6. Sec24b selectively sorts Vangl2 to 
            regulate planar cell polarity during neural tube closure.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:23266329
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23266329
          supporting_text: 2012 Dec 22. Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus 
            formation and initiation of cytodifferentiation in the embryonic 
            intestinal epithelium.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:8853988
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8853988
          supporting_text: Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins
            during mouse preimplantation development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005911
      label: cell-cell junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12181493
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12181493
          supporting_text: TCL1 participates in early embryonic development and 
            is overexpressed in human seminomas.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005911
      label: cell-cell junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:14597196
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14597196
          supporting_text: Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog suppresses embryonic
            hair follicle morphogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005911
      label: cell-cell junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:18816447
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18816447
          supporting_text: 'Diverse roles of E-cadherin in the morphogenesis of the
            submandibular gland: insights into the formation of acinar and ductal
            structures.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0005911
      label: cell-cell junction
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: PMID:19151727
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19151727
          supporting_text: Regulation of cardiovascular development and 
            integrity by the heart of glass-cerebral cavernous malformation 
            protein pathway.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005911
      label: cell-cell junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20089884
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20089884
          supporting_text: 2010 Jan 20. Milk secretion and ejection are impaired
            in the mammary gland of mice harboring a Cx43 mutant while 
            expression and localization of tight and adherens junction proteins 
            remain unchanged.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005911
      label: cell-cell junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:21377456
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21377456
          supporting_text: Mar 4. Grainyhead-like 2 regulates neural tube 
            closure and adhesion molecule expression during neural fold fusion.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005911
      label: cell-cell junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:24191021
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:24191021
          supporting_text: Sox9 plays multiple roles in the lung epithelium 
            during branching morphogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005911
      label: cell-cell junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:9950951
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:9950951
          supporting_text: Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of 
            apical brush border actin in cystic tubules of bcl-2 -/- mice.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:11731229
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11731229
          supporting_text: FAM deubiquitylating enzyme is essential for 
            preimplantation mouse embryo development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12203715
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12203715
          supporting_text: Localization of the novel Xin protein to the adherens
            junction complex in cardiac and skeletal muscle during development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12695331
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12695331
          supporting_text: NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis 
            by destabilizing adherens junctions.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:14657280
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14657280
          supporting_text: 'Dec 2. Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion:
            two cell responses to cadherin activation relying on distinct signalling
            pathways.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15148305
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15148305
          supporting_text: May 17. Mammalian Fat1 cadherin regulates actin 
            dynamics and cell-cell contact.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15292239
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15292239
          supporting_text: 2004 Aug 2. Defects in cell adhesion and the visceral
            endoderm following ablation of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A in 
            mice.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15645444
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15645444
          supporting_text: Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon 
            embryonic development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15775979
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15775979
          supporting_text: Mar 3. E-cadherin is essential for in vivo epidermal 
            barrier function by regulating tight junctions.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16199027
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16199027
          supporting_text: 2005 Sep 29. Vezatin, a protein associated to 
            adherens junctions, is required for mouse blastocyst morphogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16892058
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16892058
          supporting_text: The Rho-GTPase cdc42 regulates neural progenitor fate
            at the apical surface.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17544522
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17544522
          supporting_text: Targeted disruption of the murine large nuclear 
            KIAA1440/Ints1 protein causes growth arrest in early blastocyst 
            stage embryos and eventual apoptotic cell death.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:21991385
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21991385
          supporting_text: Adhesion protein VSIG1 is required for the proper 
            differentiation of glandular gastric epithelia.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:23824574
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23824574
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression 
            and is essential for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:26787558
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:26787558
          supporting_text: SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens 
            junction stability and reduced cranial neural crest cell 
            delamination.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:29211732
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:29211732
          supporting_text: eCollection 2017. The mouse Jhy gene regulates 
            ependymal cell differentiation and ciliogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005916
      label: fascia adherens
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16481394
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16481394
          supporting_text: '2006 Feb 15. The transitional junction: a new functional
            subcellular domain at the intercalated disc.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0005923
      label: bicellular tight junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17130295
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17130295
          supporting_text: Distinct subdomain organization and molecular 
            composition of a tight junction with adherens junction features.
  - term:
      id: GO:0014704
      label: intercalated disc
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17535849
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17535849
          supporting_text: May 29. A unique and specific interaction between 
            alphaT-catenin and plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the 
            mixed-type junctional structure of cardiac intercalated discs.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:11731231
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11731231
          supporting_text: Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of 
            beta-catenin during the development of hair follicle-derived 
            structures.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12055200
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12055200
          supporting_text: 2002 Jun 7. Regulation of Wnt signaling during 
            adipogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12432063
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12432063
          supporting_text: Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of 
            beta-catenin with alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12611902
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12611902
          supporting_text: 2003 Feb 27. Regulation of the SHP-2 tyrosine 
            phosphatase by a novel cholesterol- and cell confluence-dependent 
            mechanism.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:14657280
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14657280
          supporting_text: 'Dec 2. Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion:
            two cell responses to cadherin activation relying on distinct signalling
            pathways.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15987773
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15987773
          supporting_text: Forkhead box A1 regulates prostate ductal 
            morphogenesis and promotes epithelial cell maturation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16364283
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16364283
          supporting_text: Dec 20. Hex homeobox gene controls the transition of 
            the endoderm to a pseudostratified, cell emergent epithelium for 
            liver bud development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:21991325
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21991325
          supporting_text: RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia 
            differentiation and entry into meiosis in the mouse fetal ovary.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:22139371
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22139371
          supporting_text: Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3 (Bbs3) knockout mouse model 
            reveals common BBS-associated phenotypes and Bbs3 unique phenotypes.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:8821035
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8821035
          supporting_text: Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic 
            development and in adult tissues.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016323
      label: basolateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12885771
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12885771
          supporting_text: 2003 Jul 28. beta-Catenin is required for 
            specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung 
            morphogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016323
      label: basolateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:14625387
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14625387
          supporting_text: Foxj1 is required for apical localization of ezrin in
            airway epithelial cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016323
      label: basolateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15226261
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15226261
          supporting_text: Orpk mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals
            essential role of primary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016323
      label: basolateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17671182
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17671182
          supporting_text: Haploinsufficiency of Krüppel-like factor 4 promotes 
            adenomatous polyposis coli dependent intestinal tumorigenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016323
      label: basolateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20016102
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20016102
          supporting_text: The small GTPase Rac1 regulates auditory hair cell 
            morphogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016323
      label: basolateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20089884
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20089884
          supporting_text: 2010 Jan 20. Milk secretion and ejection are impaired
            in the mammary gland of mice harboring a Cx43 mutant while 
            expression and localization of tight and adherens junction proteins 
            remain unchanged.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016323
      label: basolateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:9950951
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:9950951
          supporting_text: Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of 
            apical brush border actin in cystic tubules of bcl-2 -/- mice.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016327
      label: apicolateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:29211732
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:29211732
          supporting_text: eCollection 2017. The mouse Jhy gene regulates 
            ependymal cell differentiation and ciliogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016328
      label: lateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000008
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016328
      label: lateral plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15645444
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15645444
          supporting_text: Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon 
            embryonic development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016342
      label: catenin complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:8853988
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8853988
          supporting_text: Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins
            during mouse preimplantation development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030018
      label: Z disc
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:8821035
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8821035
          supporting_text: Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic 
            development and in adult tissues.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030027
      label: lamellipodium
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:14657280
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14657280
          supporting_text: 'Dec 2. Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion:
            two cell responses to cadherin activation relying on distinct signalling
            pathways.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0030877
      label: beta-catenin destruction complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:10318824
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10318824
          supporting_text: Functional domains of axin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0031253
      label: cell projection membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16621792
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16621792
          supporting_text: 'Epub 2006 Apr 17. Membrane localization of adenomatous
            polyposis coli protein at cellular protrusions: targeting sequences and
            regulation by beta-catenin.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0031528
      label: microvillus membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16439479
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16439479
          supporting_text: Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by 
            limiting mesenchymal Wnt signaling and promoting extracellular 
            matrix production.
  - term:
      id: GO:0032991
      label: protein-containing complex
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: PMID:22083958
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22083958
          supporting_text: Histone H1 recruitment by CHD8 is essential for 
            suppression of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.
  - term:
      id: GO:0043296
      label: apical junction complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16249236
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16249236
          supporting_text: Oct 25. Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via 
            the apical positioning of an actomyosin network.
  - term:
      id: GO:0043296
      label: apical junction complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17130295
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17130295
          supporting_text: Distinct subdomain organization and molecular 
            composition of a tight junction with adherens junction features.
  - term:
      id: GO:0043296
      label: apical junction complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17666436
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17666436
          supporting_text: Jul 31. Shroom2, a myosin-VIIa- and actin-binding 
            protein, directly interacts with ZO-1 at tight junctions.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045177
      label: apical part of cell
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:14758363
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14758363
          supporting_text: The hyh mutation uncovers roles for alpha Snap in 
            apical protein localization and control of neural cell fate.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045177
      label: apical part of cell
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15037549
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15037549
          supporting_text: Loss of cell polarity causes severe brain dysplasia 
            in Lgl1 knockout mice.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045177
      label: apical part of cell
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16249236
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16249236
          supporting_text: Oct 25. Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via 
            the apical positioning of an actomyosin network.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045177
      label: apical part of cell
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:23863479
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23863479
          supporting_text: Tumor suppressor Nf2 limits expansion of the neural 
            progenitor pool by inhibiting Yap/Taz transcriptional coactivators.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045294
      label: alpha-catenin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12432063
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12432063
          supporting_text: Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of 
            beta-catenin with alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045296
      label: cadherin binding
    evidence_type: ISO
    original_reference_id: PMID:10330403
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10330403
          supporting_text: Domains of axin involved in protein-protein 
            interactions, Wnt pathway inhibition, and intracellular 
            localization.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045296
      label: cadherin binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:15023525
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15023525
          supporting_text: Ksp-cadherin is a functional cell-cell adhesion 
            molecule related to LI-cadherin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045296
      label: cadherin binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:15057752
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15057752
          supporting_text: Beta-catenin is temporally regulated during normal 
            liver development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045296
      label: cadherin binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:8853988
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:8853988
          supporting_text: Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins
            during mouse preimplantation development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0061629
      label: RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16678101
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16678101
          supporting_text: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching
            events dictate cell-lineage determination.
  - term:
      id: GO:0061629
      label: RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:22665494
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22665494
          supporting_text: Jun 4. mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively 
            regulates Wnt signaling through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in 
            mouse spermatogonial cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0140677
      label: molecular function activator activity
    evidence_type: EXP
    original_reference_id: PMID:21075118
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21075118
          supporting_text: 2010 Nov 12. Biochemical and structural 
            characterization of β-catenin interactions with nonphosphorylated 
            and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
  - term:
      id: GO:0021854
      label: hypothalamus development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:32868762
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:32868762
          supporting_text: The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic 
            patterning and differentiation from embryonic to late postnatal 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:32868762
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:32868762
          supporting_text: The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic 
            patterning and differentiation from embryonic to late postnatal 
            development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9773219
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860515
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860560
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860569
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9863577
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-NUL-9761463
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:30389919
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:30389919
          supporting_text: ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the 
            intestinal stem cell niche.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:30389919
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:30389919
          supporting_text: ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the 
            intestinal stem cell niche.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005654
      label: nucleoplasm
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9735211
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005654
      label: nucleoplasm
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9754284
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005654
      label: nucleoplasm
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9793864
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005654
      label: nucleoplasm
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9794042
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005654
      label: nucleoplasm
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9823738
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005654
      label: nucleoplasm
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824206
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005654
      label: nucleoplasm
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824277
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005654
      label: nucleoplasm
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824278
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0140297
      label: DNA-binding transcription factor binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22723415
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem 
            cells and cancer cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005912
      label: adherens junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20399730
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20399730
          supporting_text: The apical complex couples cell fate and cell 
            survival to cerebral cortical development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005886
      label: plasma membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:17920587
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17920587
          supporting_text: Epub 2007 Sep 7. FERM protein EPB41L5 is a novel 
            member of the mammalian CRB-MPP5 polarity complex.
  - term:
      id: GO:1990907
      label: beta-catenin-TCF complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20371816
          supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of 
            the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the
            adult brain.
  - term:
      id: GO:0032968
      label: positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase 
        II
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:30478225
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:30478225
          supporting_text: TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT 
            signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric 
            mesenchyme.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:30478225
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:30478225
          supporting_text: TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT 
            signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric 
            mesenchyme.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:15110721
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15110721
          supporting_text: Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to 
            promote neurogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:15110721
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15110721
          supporting_text: Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to 
            promote neurogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:31073040
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:31073040
          supporting_text: LMBR1L regulates lymphopoiesis through Wnt/β-catenin 
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005911
      label: cell-cell junction
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:24338362
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:24338362
          supporting_text: Dec 11. POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin 
            motor complex.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:15314168
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15314168
          supporting_text: Cyclin D1 genetic heterozygosity regulates colonic 
            epithelial cell differentiation and tumor number in ApcMin mice.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:26371318
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:26371318
          supporting_text: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent 
            cortical neurogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:26371318
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:26371318
          supporting_text: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent 
            cortical neurogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:26371318
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:26371318
          supporting_text: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent 
            cortical neurogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0050768
      label: negative regulation of neurogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:26371318
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:26371318
          supporting_text: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent 
            cortical neurogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:2000179
      label: positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:26371318
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:26371318
          supporting_text: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent 
            cortical neurogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003682
      label: chromatin binding
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20371816
          supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of 
            the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the
            adult brain.
  - term:
      id: GO:1990907
      label: beta-catenin-TCF complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:9488439
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:9488439
          supporting_text: Two members of the Tcf family implicated in 
            Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during embryogenesis in the mouse.
  - term:
      id: GO:1990138
      label: neuron projection extension
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:25232112
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:25232112
          supporting_text: Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and 
            synaptogenesis by controlling subcellular N-cadherin localization.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045202
      label: synapse
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:25232112
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:25232112
          supporting_text: Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and 
            synaptogenesis by controlling subcellular N-cadherin localization.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016525
      label: negative regulation of angiogenesis
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:25961718
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:25961718
          supporting_text: eCollection 2015. Resveratrol-Induced Vascular 
            Progenitor Differentiation towards Endothelial Lineage via 
            MiR-21/Akt/β-Catenin Is Protective in Vessel Graft Models.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:24681597
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:24681597
          supporting_text: Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to 
            regulate cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005737
      label: cytoplasm
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:24681597
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:24681597
          supporting_text: Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to 
            regulate cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0051884
      label: regulation of timing of anagen
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:24681597
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:24681597
          supporting_text: Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to 
            regulate cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060070
      label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:24681597
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:24681597
          supporting_text: Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to 
            regulate cutaneous stem cell proliferation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016342
      label: catenin complex
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:11121423
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11121423
          supporting_text: 2000 Dec 19. The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is 
            unstructured in the absence of beta-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045296
      label: cadherin binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:11121423
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11121423
          supporting_text: 2000 Dec 19. The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is 
            unstructured in the absence of beta-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0097718
      label: disordered domain specific binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:11121423
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11121423
          supporting_text: 2000 Dec 19. The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is 
            unstructured in the absence of beta-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20371816
          supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of 
            the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the
            adult brain.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005829
      label: cytosol
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20371816
          supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of 
            the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the
            adult brain.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016020
      label: membrane
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20371816
          supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of 
            the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the
            adult brain.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:20371816
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20371816
          supporting_text: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of 
            the Cav3.1 calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the
            adult brain.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:25979161
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:25979161
          supporting_text: Transmembrane protein 64 reciprocally regulates 
            osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin
            signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:1904948
      label: midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19122665
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19122665
          supporting_text: Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor 
            plate neurogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:22645310
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22645310
          supporting_text: May 29. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal 
            differentiation via β-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005829
      label: cytosol
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:22645310
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22645310
          supporting_text: May 29. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal 
            differentiation via β-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:0019899
      label: enzyme binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:22645310
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22645310
          supporting_text: May 29. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal 
            differentiation via β-catenin.
  - term:
      id: GO:1904888
      label: cranial skeletal system development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11262227
          supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by 
            Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation 
            and failure of craniofacial development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030901
      label: midbrain development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11262227
          supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by 
            Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation 
            and failure of craniofacial development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030902
      label: hindbrain development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11262227
          supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by 
            Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation 
            and failure of craniofacial development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0061550
      label: cranial ganglion development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11262227
          supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by 
            Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation 
            and failure of craniofacial development.
  - term:
      id: GO:1990403
      label: embryonic brain development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11262227
          supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by 
            Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation 
            and failure of craniofacial development.
  - term:
      id: GO:1990791
      label: dorsal root ganglion development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:11262227
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11262227
          supporting_text: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by 
            Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion results in dramatic brain malformation 
            and failure of craniofacial development.
  - term:
      id: GO:1990909
      label: Wnt signalosome
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:22899650
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22899650
          supporting_text: Aug 16. LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, 
            bridging cytosolic proteins and membrane-localized LRP6.
  - term:
      id: GO:0019901
      label: protein kinase binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:22899650
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22899650
          supporting_text: Aug 16. LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, 
            bridging cytosolic proteins and membrane-localized LRP6.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:15908431
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:15908431
          supporting_text: 2005 May 20. MAGI1 recruits Dll1 to cadherin-based 
            adherens junctions and stabilizes it on the cell surface.
  - term:
      id: GO:0010629
      label: negative regulation of gene expression
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19122665
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19122665
          supporting_text: Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor 
            plate neurogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0030182
      label: neuron differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:25009587
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:25009587
          supporting_text: Depletion of canonical Wnt signaling components has a
            neuroprotective effect on midbrain dopaminergic neurons in an 
            MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016600
      label: flotillin complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:24046456
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:24046456
          supporting_text: 2013 Sep 17. Flotillin microdomains stabilize 
            cadherins at cell-cell junctions.
  - term:
      id: GO:0000791
      label: euchromatin
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22723415
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem 
            cells and cancer cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005667
      label: transcription regulator complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:22723415
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:22723415
          supporting_text: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem 
            cells and cancer cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0002052
      label: positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:21325504
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21325504
          supporting_text: Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target 
            innervation during sympathetic nervous system development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045976
      label: negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:21325504
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21325504
          supporting_text: Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target 
            innervation during sympathetic nervous system development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0061549
      label: sympathetic ganglion development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:21325504
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21325504
          supporting_text: Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target 
            innervation during sympathetic nervous system development.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:23856522
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23856522
          supporting_text: 2013 Jul 15. Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and 
            cardiovascular differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005634
      label: nucleus
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:23856522
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23856522
          supporting_text: 2013 Jul 15. Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and 
            cardiovascular differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
  - term:
      id: GO:0016922
      label: nuclear receptor binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:14687547
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:14687547
          supporting_text: RORalpha coordinates reciprocal signaling in 
            cerebellar development through sonic hedgehog and calcium-dependent 
            pathways.
  - term:
      id: GO:0033234
      label: negative regulation of protein sumoylation
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0048643
      label: positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:23460868
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:23460868
          supporting_text: β-catenin is essential for efficient in vitro 
            premyogenic mesoderm formation but can be partially compensated by 
            retinoic acid signalling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:11590244
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:11590244
          supporting_text: 'alphaT-catenin: a novel tissue-specific beta-catenin-binding
            protein mediating strong cell-cell adhesion.'
  - term:
      id: GO:0036023
      label: embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis
    evidence_type: IGI
    original_reference_id: PMID:21262216
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21262216
          supporting_text: Jan 22. The zinc finger transcription factors Osr1 
            and Osr2 control synovial joint formation.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045294
      label: alpha-catenin binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:21393547
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:21393547
          supporting_text: A polarized epithelium organized by beta- and 
            alpha-catenin predates cadherin and metazoan origins.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:18636119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:18636119
          supporting_text: Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) mediates
            atrioventricular-node function and connexin 45 localization in the 
            murine heart.
  - term:
      id: GO:0072182
      label: regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19112489
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19112489
          supporting_text: 2008 Dec 26. Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin 
            signaling to prevent ectopic metanephric kidney induction.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045893
      label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:19112489
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19112489
          supporting_text: 2008 Dec 26. Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin 
            signaling to prevent ectopic metanephric kidney induction.
  - term:
      id: GO:0071944
      label: cell periphery
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005938
      label: cell cortex
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0007155
      label: cell adhesion
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0008285
      label: negative regulation of cell population proliferation
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0010909
      label: positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic 
        process
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0016342
      label: catenin complex
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0030054
      label: cell junction
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0030877
      label: beta-catenin destruction complex
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0030997
      label: regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0032355
      label: response to estradiol
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0032993
      label: protein-DNA complex
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0034333
      label: adherens junction assembly
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0034394
      label: protein localization to cell surface
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0043065
      label: positive regulation of apoptotic process
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0045944
      label: positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0048471
      label: perinuclear region of cytoplasm
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0048660
      label: regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0061154
      label: endothelial tube morphogenesis
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0070369
      label: beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0071363
      label: cellular response to growth factor stimulus
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0071681
      label: cellular response to indole-3-methanol
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0090279
      label: regulation of calcium ion import
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:2000008
      label: regulation of protein localization to cell surface
    evidence_type: ISS
    original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000024
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:20802155
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20802155
          supporting_text: Sox17 modulates Wnt3A/beta-catenin-mediated 
            transcriptional activation of the Lef-1 promoter.
  - term:
      id: GO:0034750
      label: Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:16611247
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16611247
          supporting_text: Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified 
            as a target of high-risk HPV E6 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, 
            interacts with adenomatous polyposis coli.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005813
      label: centrosome
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:20300119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20300119
          supporting_text: Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates 
            centrosome cohesion.
  - term:
      id: GO:0070602
      label: regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
    evidence_type: IMP
    original_reference_id: PMID:20300119
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20300119
          supporting_text: Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates 
            centrosome cohesion.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12949260
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12949260
          supporting_text: Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular 
            vasculature and inhibits testosterone synthesis by repressing 
            steroidogenic factor 1/beta-catenin synergy.
  - term:
      id: GO:0045893
      label: positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
    evidence_type: IDA
    original_reference_id: PMID:12949260
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:12949260
          supporting_text: Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular 
            vasculature and inhibits testosterone synthesis by repressing 
            steroidogenic factor 1/beta-catenin synergy.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:20413591
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20413591
          supporting_text: 2010 Apr 22. The TRPV4 channel contributes to 
            intercellular junction formation in keratinocytes.
  - term:
      id: GO:0003223
      label: ventricular compact myocardium morphogenesis
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20299672
          supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary 
            vasculogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0010718
      label: positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20299672
          supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary 
            vasculogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060038
      label: cardiac muscle cell proliferation
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20299672
          supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary 
            vasculogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060485
      label: mesenchyme development
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20299672
          supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary 
            vasculogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060947
      label: cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20299672
          supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary 
            vasculogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060982
      label: coronary artery morphogenesis
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20299672
          supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary 
            vasculogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0060983
      label: epicardium-derived cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell 
        differentiation
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20299672
          supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary 
            vasculogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0072132
      label: mesenchyme morphogenesis
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: PMID:20299672
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:20299672
          supporting_text: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary 
            vasculogenesis.
  - term:
      id: GO:0140297
      label: DNA-binding transcription factor binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:17331723
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:17331723
          supporting_text: Mar 1. Inhibitory Gli3 activity negatively regulates 
            Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16611247
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16611247
          supporting_text: Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified 
            as a target of high-risk HPV E6 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, 
            interacts with adenomatous polyposis coli.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:19458197
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:19458197
          supporting_text: 2009 May 20. Scribble interacts with beta-catenin to 
            localize synaptic vesicles to synapses.
  - term:
      id: GO:0005515
      label: protein binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:10954424
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:10954424
          supporting_text: The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans
            polarity protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases 
            Cdc42 and Rac1.
  - term:
      id: GO:0019903
      label: protein phosphatase binding
    evidence_type: IPI
    original_reference_id: PMID:16973135
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
      supported_by:
        - reference_id: PMID:16973135
          supporting_text: 2006 Sep 14. Intracellular substrates of 
            brain-enriched receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase rho 
            (RPTPrho/PTPRT).
  - term:
      id: GO:0005829
      label: cytosol
    evidence_type: TAS
    original_reference_id: Reactome:R-MMU-209096
    review:
      summary: 'TODO: Review this GOA annotation'
      action: PENDING
references:
  - id: GO_REF:0000008
    title: Gene Ontology annotation by the MGI curatorial staff, curated 
      orthology
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:10662781
    title: Requirement for beta-catenin in anterior-posterior axis formation in 
      mice.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:11371349
    title: beta-Catenin controls hair follicle morphogenesis and stem cell 
      differentiation in the skin.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12194849
    title: Formation of multiple hearts in mice following deletion of 
      beta-catenin in the embryonic endoderm.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12235125
    title: Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream target 
      Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12464179
    title: Identification of a Wnt/Dvl/beta-Catenin --> Pitx2 pathway mediating 
      cell-type-specific proliferation during development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12717450
    title: A role for Wnt signalling in self-renewal of haematopoietic stem 
      cells.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12813461
    title: Activation of beta-catenin in prostate epithelium induces 
      hyperplasias and squamous transdifferentiation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12885771
    title: beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal cell 
      fate during lung morphogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12923052
    title: Genetic interaction between Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP receptor 
      signaling during formation of the AER and the dorsal-ventral axis in the 
      limb.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12975353
    title: The conditional inactivation of the beta-catenin gene in endothelial 
      cells causes a defective vascular pattern and increased vascular 
      fragility.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:14608382
    title: Deletion of beta-catenin impairs T cell development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:14622577
    title: Role of beta-catenin in synaptic vesicle localization and presynaptic
      assembly.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15131783
    title: 'Inducible Cre-mediated control of gene expression in the murine gastrointestinal
      tract: effect of loss of beta-catenin.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15708565
    title: Effects of canonical Wnt signaling on dorso-ventral specification of 
      the mouse telencephalon.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15866163
    title: Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling prevents osteoblasts from 
      differentiating into chondrocytes.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15866165
    title: Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls 
      osteoclast differentiation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15907834
    title: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF 
      signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16040629
    title: Beta-catenin regulates differentiation of respiratory epithelial 
      cells in vivo.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16102745
    title: 'The duality of beta-catenin function: a requirement in lens morphogenesis
      and signaling suppression of lens fate in periocular ectoderm.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16478791
    title: APC inhibits ERK pathway activation and cellular proliferation 
      induced by RAS.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16621792
    title: 'Membrane localization of adenomatous polyposis coli protein at cellular
      protrusions: targeting sequences and regulation by beta-catenin.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16818445
    title: Wnt9a signaling is required for joint integrity and regulation of Ihh
      during chondrogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17537789
    title: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates nephron induction during mouse 
      kidney development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17706960
    title: Persistent expression of stabilized beta-catenin delays maturation of
      radial glial cells into intermediate progenitors.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:18231602
    title: Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during
      lung development is regulated by beta-catenin signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:18533146
    title: An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme 
      development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:18635608
    title: Tissue-specific requirements of beta-catenin in external genitalia 
      development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19023080
    title: Canonical Wnt signaling regulates organ-specific assembly and 
      differentiation of CNS vasculature.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19060336
    title: A Wnt7b-dependent pathway regulates the orientation of epithelial 
      cell division and establishes the cortico-medullary axis of the mammalian 
      kidney.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19129494
    title: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for CNS, but not non-CNS, 
      angiogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19154719
    title: Nrarp coordinates endothelial Notch and Wnt signaling to control 
      vessel density in angiogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19204372
    title: Both the RGS domain and the six C-terminal amino acids of mouse Axin 
      are required for normal embryogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19503085
    title: HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation by 
      disrupting the beta-catenin-TCF interaction.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19619491
    title: Reciprocal requirements for EDA/EDAR/NF-kappaB and Wnt/beta-catenin 
      signaling pathways in hair follicle induction.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19620969
    title: A regulatory pathway involving Notch1/beta-catenin/Isl1 determines 
      cardiac progenitor cell fate.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19690384
    title: Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the 
      mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20043884
    title: Antagonistic crosstalk of Wnt/beta-catenin/Bmp signaling within the 
      Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) regulates interdigit formation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20454446
    title: WNT4/beta-catenin pathway maintains female germ cell survival by 
      inhibiting activin betaB in the mouse fetal ovary.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20503375
    title: Expression analysis of an evolutionarily conserved 
      metallophosphodiesterase gene, Mpped1, in the normal and 
      beta-catenin-deficient malformed dorsal telencephalon.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21937711
    title: ASPM regulates Wnt signaling pathway activity in the developing 
      brain.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:22102609
    title: Increased β-catenin activity in the anterior neural plate induces 
      ectopic mid-hindbrain characteristics.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:22723415
    title: Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates telomerase in stem cells and cancer
      cells.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:23824574
    title: Wnt/β-catenin signalling regulates Sox17 expression and is essential 
      for organizer and endoderm formation in the mouse.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:25083995
    title: Canonical WNT signaling components in vascular development and 
      barrier formation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:28463231
    title: Disruption of lineage specification in adult pulmonary mesenchymal 
      progenitor cells promotes microvascular dysfunction.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:8582267
    title: Lack of beta-catenin affects mouse development at gastrulation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:9230313
    title: The mouse Fused locus encodes Axin, an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling
      pathway that regulates embryonic axis formation.
    findings: []
  - id: GO_REF:0000107
    title: Automatic transfer of experimentally verified manual GO annotation 
      data to orthologs using Ensembl Compara.
    findings: []
  - id: GO_REF:0000119
    title: Automated transfer of experimentally-verified manual GO annotation 
      data to mouse-human orthologs.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:10631168
    title: Hippocampus development and generation of dentate gyrus granule cells
      is regulated by LEF1.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12551949
    title: Lymphoid enhancer factor-1 and beta-catenin inhibit Runx2-dependent 
      transcriptional activation of the osteocalcin promoter.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12569130
    title: Ectodermal Wnt3/beta-catenin signaling is required for the 
      establishment and maintenance of the apical ectodermal ridge.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15024079
    title: Brn-2 expression controls melanoma proliferation and is directly 
      regulated by beta-catenin.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15371327
    title: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is sufficient and necessary for synovial 
      joint formation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15576404
    title: Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in osteoblast 
      development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15729346
    title: Pax3 functions at a nodal point in melanocyte stem cell 
      differentiation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15778706
    title: Wnt signalling induces maturation of Paneth cells in intestinal 
      crypts.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15781477
    title: Sox2 induction by FGF and FGFR2 activating mutations inhibits Wnt 
      signaling and osteoblast differentiation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15802266
    title: Essential role of beta-catenin in postnatal bone acquisition.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16025118
    title: Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli gene function disrupts thymic 
      development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16192304
    title: Beta-catenin is essential for pancreatic acinar but not islet 
      development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16581771
    title: CCN1/Cyr61 is regulated by the canonical Wnt signal and plays an 
      important role in Wnt3A-induced osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal 
      stem cells.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16678101
    title: Homeodomain-mediated beta-catenin-dependent switching events dictate 
      cell-lineage determination.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16936075
    title: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulates Gli-mediated Myf5 expression 
      during somitogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17055474
    title: The stabilization of beta-catenin leads to impaired primordial germ 
      cell development via aberrant cell cycle progression.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17128274
    title: Wnt-beta-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17532316
    title: Essential roles of mesenchyme-derived beta-catenin in mouse Müllerian
      duct morphogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17767158
    title: Modulation of morphogenesis by noncanonical Wnt signaling requires 
      ATF/CREB family-mediated transcriptional activation of TGFbeta2.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:18316368
    title: Protein encoded by the Axin(Fu) allele effectively down-regulates Wnt
      signaling but exerts a dominant negative effect on c-Jun N-terminal kinase
      signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:18692041
    title: 'Bmp4 is required for tracheal formation: a novel mouse model for tracheal
      agenesis.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19056892
    title: A functional link between Wnt signaling and SKP2-independent p27 
      turnover in mammary tumors.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19282366
    title: Genetic interactions of the androgen and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways 
      for the masculinization of external genitalia.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19515974
    title: Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway inhibits timely myelination and 
      remyelination in the mammalian CNS.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19686689
    title: Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and sufficient to 
      specify lung progenitors in the foregut.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19718027
    title: Tcf3 and Tcf4 are essential for long-term homeostasis of skin 
      epithelia.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19805295
    title: beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse 
      foregut.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20159597
    title: Characterization and in vivo pharmacological rescue of a Wnt2-Gata6 
      pathway required for cardiac inflow tract development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20627076
    title: The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway modulates vascular remodeling and 
      specification by upregulating Dll4/Notch signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21075118
    title: Biochemical and structural characterization of β-catenin interactions
      with nonphosphorylated and CK2-phosphorylated Lef-1.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21750544
    title: The Wnt3a/β-catenin target gene Mesogenin1 controls the segmentation 
      clock by activating a Notch signalling program.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:22956852
    title: Integration of β-catenin, sirtuin, and FOXO signaling protects from 
      mutant huntingtin toxicity.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:24309208
    title: Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dermal condensates is required for hair 
      follicle formation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:27713508
    title: Conditional Knockout of Breast Carcinoma Amplified Sequence 2 (BCAS2)
      in Mouse Forebrain Causes Dendritic Malformation via β-catenin.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:31222549
    title: The Shisa3 knockout mouse exhibits normal bone phenotype.
    findings: []
  - id: GO_REF:0000024
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: GO_REF:0000033
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: GO_REF:0000043
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: GO_REF:0000044
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: GO_REF:0000096
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: GO_REF:0000117
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: GO_REF:0000120
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:10318824
    title: Functional domains of axin. Importance of the C terminus as an 
      oligomerization domain.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:10330403
    title: Domains of axin involved in protein-protein interactions, Wnt pathway
      inhibition, and intracellular localization.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:10481074
    title: A GSK3-binding peptide from FRAT1 selectively inhibits the 
      GSK3-catalysed phosphorylation of axin and beta-catenin.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:10873669
    title: Identification of a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:10882138
    title: Structure of the dimerization and beta-catenin-binding region of 
      alpha-catenin.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:10898789
    title: Inhibition of Wnt signaling by ICAT, a novel beta-catenin-interacting
      protein.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:10954424
    title: The mammalian homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans polarity 
      protein PAR-6 is a binding partner for the Rho GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:11104755
    title: Substitution of a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation site
      in presenilin 1 separates presenilin function from beta-catenin signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:11121423
    title: The cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured in the absence of 
      beta-catenin. A possible mechanism for regulating cadherin turnover.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:11262227
    title: Inactivation of the beta-catenin gene by Wnt1-Cre-mediated deletion 
      results in dramatic brain malformation and failure of craniofacial 
      development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:11348595
    title: The structure of the beta-catenin/E-cadherin complex and the 
      molecular basis of diverse ligand recognition by beta-catenin.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:11590244
    title: 'alphaT-catenin: a novel tissue-specific beta-catenin-binding protein mediating
      strong cell-cell adhesion.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:11731229
    title: FAM deubiquitylating enzyme is essential for preimplantation mouse 
      embryo development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:11731231
    title: Dynamic expression and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin during 
      the development of hair follicle-derived structures.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:11731265
    title: Expression of Tcf/Lef and sFrp and localization of beta-catenin in 
      the developing mouse lung.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:11872843
    title: Colorectal cancer in mice genetically deficient in the mucin Muc2.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12040017
    title: 'Mouse mammary epithelial cells express the Na-K-Cl cotransporter, NKCC1:
      characterization, localization, and involvement in ductal development and morphogenesis.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12055200
    title: Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12181493
    title: TCL1 participates in early embryonic development and is overexpressed
      in human seminomas.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12203715
    title: Localization of the novel Xin protein to the adherens junction 
      complex in cardiac and skeletal muscle during development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12408825
    title: ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family transcription 
      factors and the general coactivator p300 using independent structural 
      modules.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12421363
    title: Axin negatively affects tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase 
      kinase 3beta.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12432063
    title: Protein kinase CKII regulates the interaction of beta-catenin with 
      alpha-catenin and its protein stability.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12494996
    title: Loss of desmoglein 2 suggests essential functions for early embryonic
      development and proliferation of embryonal stem cells.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12611902
    title: Regulation of the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase by a novel cholesterol- 
      and cell confluence-dependent mechanism.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12695331
    title: NF2 deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by destabilizing
      adherens junctions.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12861022
    title: T-cell factor 4N (TCF-4N), a novel isoform of mouse TCF-4, synergizes
      with beta-catenin to coactivate C/EBPalpha and steroidogenic factor 1 
      transcription factors.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12874278
    title: The PDZ protein tax-interacting protein-1 inhibits beta-catenin 
      transcriptional activity and growth of colorectal cancer cells.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:12949260
    title: Wnt4 overexpression disrupts normal testicular vasculature and 
      inhibits testosterone synthesis by repressing steroidogenic factor 
      1/beta-catenin synergy.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:14597196
    title: Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog suppresses embryonic hair follicle 
      morphogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:14625387
    title: Foxj1 is required for apical localization of ezrin in airway 
      epithelial cells.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:14647292
    title: Mammalian formin-1 participates in adherens junctions and 
      polymerization of linear actin cables.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:14657280
    title: 'Lamellipodium extension and cadherin adhesion: two cell responses to cadherin
      activation relying on distinct signalling pathways.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:14687547
    title: RORalpha coordinates reciprocal signaling in cerebellar development 
      through sonic hedgehog and calcium-dependent pathways.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:14691142
    title: alpha3beta1 integrin-CD151, a component of the cadherin-catenin 
      complex, regulates PTPmu expression and cell-cell adhesion.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:14758363
    title: The hyh mutation uncovers roles for alpha Snap in apical protein 
      localization and control of neural cell fate.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:14960280
    title: Ozz-E3, a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, regulates beta-catenin 
      degradation during myogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:14981260
    title: Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of Axin regulates subcellular 
      localization of beta-catenin.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15023525
    title: Ksp-cadherin is a functional cell-cell adhesion molecule related to 
      LI-cadherin.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15037549
    title: Loss of cell polarity causes severe brain dysplasia in Lgl1 knockout 
      mice.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15057752
    title: Beta-catenin is temporally regulated during normal liver development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15110721
    title: Sox1 acts through multiple independent pathways to promote 
      neurogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15148305
    title: Mammalian Fat1 cadherin regulates actin dynamics and cell-cell 
      contact.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15226261
    title: Orpk mouse model of polycystic kidney disease reveals essential role 
      of primary cilia in pancreatic tissue organization.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15292239
    title: Defects in cell adhesion and the visceral endoderm following ablation
      of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A in mice.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15314168
    title: Cyclin D1 genetic heterozygosity regulates colonic epithelial cell 
      differentiation and tumor number in ApcMin mice.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15327768
    title: Mechanism of phosphorylation-dependent binding of APC to beta-catenin
      and its role in beta-catenin degradation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15525667
    title: Stabilization of beta-catenin in the mouse zygote leads to premature 
      epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the epiblast.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15574752
    title: Role of a BCL9-related beta-catenin-binding protein, B9L, in 
      tumorigenesis induced by aberrant activation of Wnt signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15645444
    title: Gene expression profile analysis of mouse colon embryonic 
      development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15673614
    title: Wnt10b deficiency promotes coexpression of myogenic and adipogenic 
      programs in myoblasts.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15775979
    title: E-cadherin is essential for in vivo epidermal barrier function by 
      regulating tight junctions.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15834408
    title: The KIF3 motor transports N-cadherin and organizes the developing 
      neuroepithelium.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15905404
    title: Functional interaction between beta-catenin and FOXO in oxidative 
      stress signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15908431
    title: MAGI1 recruits Dll1 to cadherin-based adherens junctions and 
      stabilizes it on the cell surface.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:15987773
    title: Forkhead box A1 regulates prostate ductal morphogenesis and promotes 
      epithelial cell maturation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16199027
    title: Vezatin, a protein associated to adherens junctions, is required for 
      mouse blastocyst morphogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16249236
    title: Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positioning of 
      an actomyosin network.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16293619
    title: 'Thermodynamics of beta-catenin-ligand interactions: the roles of the N-
      and C-terminal tails in modulating binding affinity.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16364283
    title: Hex homeobox gene controls the transition of the endoderm to a 
      pseudostratified, cell emergent epithelium for liver bud development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16368433
    title: Deficient E-cadherin adhesion in C57BL/6J-Min/+ mice is associated 
      with increased tyrosine kinase activity and RhoA-dependent actomyosin 
      contractility.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16418220
    title: Desmocollin 3 is required for pre-implantation development of the 
      mouse embryo.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16439479
    title: Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by limiting 
      mesenchymal Wnt signaling and promoting extracellular matrix production.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16481394
    title: 'The transitional junction: a new functional subcellular domain at the
      intercalated disc.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16489008
    title: Patched1 functions as a gatekeeper by promoting cell cycle 
      progression.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16611247
    title: Human scribble, a novel tumor suppressor identified as a target of 
      high-risk HPV E6 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, interacts with 
      adenomatous polyposis coli.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16678815
    title: Lef1 is required for the transition of Wnt signaling from mesenchymal
      to epithelial cells in the mouse embryonic mammary gland.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16740478
    title: Apc tumor suppressor gene is the "zonation-keeper" of mouse liver.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16858399
    title: C3G regulates the size of the cerebral cortex neural precursor 
      population.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16892058
    title: The Rho-GTPase cdc42 regulates neural progenitor fate at the apical 
      surface.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16962386
    title: 'Tissue, cellular and sub-cellular localization of the Vangl2 protein during
      embryonic development: effect of the Lp mutation.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16973135
    title: Intracellular substrates of brain-enriched receptor protein tyrosine 
      phosphatase rho (RPTPrho/PTPRT).
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:16989802
    title: Levels of mesenchymal FGFR2 signaling modulate smooth muscle 
      progenitor cell commitment in the lung.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17130295
    title: Distinct subdomain organization and molecular composition of a tight 
      junction with adherens junction features.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17331723
    title: Inhibitory Gli3 activity negatively regulates Wnt/beta-catenin 
      signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17535849
    title: A unique and specific interaction between alphaT-catenin and 
      plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the mixed-type junctional structure 
      of cardiac intercalated discs.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17544522
    title: Targeted disruption of the murine large nuclear KIAA1440/Ints1 
      protein causes growth arrest in early blastocyst stage embryos and 
      eventual apoptotic cell death.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17560563
    title: Fgf10 dosage is critical for the amplification of epithelial cell 
      progenitors and for the formation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during 
      lung development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17596282
    title: Unique mechanisms of growth regulation and tumor suppression upon Apc
      inactivation in the pancreas.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17615359
    title: Regulation of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis through the 
      adaptor protein MyD88.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17666436
    title: Shroom2, a myosin-VIIa- and actin-binding protein, directly interacts
      with ZO-1 at tight junctions.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17671182
    title: Haploinsufficiency of Krüppel-like factor 4 promotes adenomatous 
      polyposis coli dependent intestinal tumorigenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:17920587
    title: FERM protein EPB41L5 is a novel member of the mammalian CRB-MPP5 
      polarity complex.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:18202148
    title: Cooperative control via lymphoid enhancer factor 1/T cell factor 3 
      and estrogen receptor-alpha for uterine gene regulation by estrogen.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:18632848
    title: SUMOylation target sites at the C terminus protect Axin from 
      ubiquitination and confer protein stability.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:18636119
    title: Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) mediates 
      atrioventricular-node function and connexin 45 localization in the murine 
      heart.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:18816447
    title: 'Diverse roles of E-cadherin in the morphogenesis of the submandibular
      gland: insights into the formation of acinar and ductal structures.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:18978355
    title: Overexpression of TEAD-1 in transgenic mouse striated muscles 
      produces a slower skeletal muscle contractile phenotype.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19107203
    title: Direct inhibition of GSK3beta by the phosphorylated cytoplasmic 
      domain of LRP6 in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19112489
    title: Gata3 acts downstream of beta-catenin signaling to prevent ectopic 
      metanephric kidney induction.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19122665
    title: Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neurogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19151727
    title: Regulation of cardiovascular development and integrity by the heart 
      of glass-cerebral cavernous malformation protein pathway.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19213727
    title: Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization through 
      R-spondin 2.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19458197
    title: Scribble interacts with beta-catenin to localize synaptic vesicles to
      synapses.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19497282
    title: Wnt7a activates the planar cell polarity pathway to drive the 
      symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19725955
    title: Arginine methyltransferase CARM1/PRMT4 regulates endochondral 
      ossification.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19796622
    title: Uncovering early response of gene regulatory networks in ESCs by 
      systematic induction of transcription factors.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19850029
    title: A critical role for sFRP proteins in maintaining caudal neural tube 
      closure in mice via inhibition of BMP signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:19966784
    title: Sec24b selectively sorts Vangl2 to regulate planar cell polarity 
      during neural tube closure.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20016102
    title: The small GTPase Rac1 regulates auditory hair cell morphogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20089884
    title: Milk secretion and ejection are impaired in the mammary gland of mice
      harboring a Cx43 mutant while expression and localization of tight and 
      adherens junction proteins remain unchanged.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20299672
    title: Epicardial-myocardial signaling directing coronary vasculogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20300119
    title: Conductin/axin2 and Wnt signalling regulates centrosome cohesion.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20371816
    title: LEF1/beta-catenin complex regulates transcription of the Cav3.1 
      calcium channel gene (Cacna1g) in thalamic neurons of the adult brain.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20399730
    title: The apical complex couples cell fate and cell survival to cerebral 
      cortical development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20413591
    title: The TRPV4 channel contributes to intercellular junction formation in 
      keratinocytes.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20531388
    title: Mutant huntingtin-impaired degradation of beta-catenin causes 
      neurotoxicity in Huntington's disease.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20802155
    title: Sox17 modulates Wnt3A/beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional 
      activation of the Lef-1 promoter.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:20837657
    title: Abelson family kinases regulate Frizzled planar cell polarity 
      signaling via Dsh phosphorylation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21103407
    title: The leukemia-associated Mllt10/Af10-Dot1l are Tcf4/β-catenin 
      coactivators essential for intestinal homeostasis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21262216
    title: The zinc finger transcription factors Osr1 and Osr2 control synovial 
      joint formation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21325504
    title: Frizzled3 is required for neurogenesis and target innervation during 
      sympathetic nervous system development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21350016
    title: Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell expansion and 
      differentiation during kidney development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21377456
    title: Grainyhead-like 2 regulates neural tube closure and adhesion molecule
      expression during neural fold fusion.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21393547
    title: A polarized epithelium organized by beta- and alpha-catenin predates 
      cadherin and metazoan origins.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21512031
    title: Hippo pathway inhibits Wnt signaling to restrain cardiomyocyte 
      proliferation and heart size.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21552260
    title: Nemo kinase phosphorylates β-catenin to promote ommatidial rotation 
      and connects core PCP factors to E-cadherin-β-catenin.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21730140
    title: Ezrin-mediated apical integrity is required for intestinal 
      homeostasis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21751375
    title: Functional analysis of novel phosphorylation sites of CREB-binding 
      protein using mass spectrometry and mammalian two-hybrid assays.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21752258
    title: 'A Wnt1 regulated Frizzled-1/β-Catenin signaling pathway as a candidate
      regulatory circuit controlling mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron-astrocyte crosstalk:
      Therapeutical relevance for neuron survival and neuroprotection.'
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21991325
    title: RSPO1/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates oogonia differentiation 
      and entry into meiosis in the mouse fetal ovary.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:21991385
    title: Adhesion protein VSIG1 is required for the proper differentiation of 
      glandular gastric epithelia.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:22083958
    title: Histone H1 recruitment by CHD8 is essential for suppression of the 
      Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:22139371
    title: Bardet-Biedl syndrome 3 (Bbs3) knockout mouse model reveals common 
      BBS-associated phenotypes and Bbs3 unique phenotypes.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:22645310
    title: Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates neuronal differentiation via 
      β-catenin.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:22665494
    title: mrhl RNA, a long noncoding RNA, negatively regulates Wnt signaling 
      through its protein partner Ddx5/p68 in mouse spermatogonial cells.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:22899650
    title: LRRK2 functions as a Wnt signaling scaffold, bridging cytosolic 
      proteins and membrane-localized LRP6.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:23266329
    title: Kruppel-like factor 5 controls villus formation and initiation of 
      cytodifferentiation in the embryonic intestinal epithelium.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:23273993
    title: Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and 
      acquisition of stem-cell-like properties.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:23377854
    title: Physiological role of β-catenin/TCF signaling in neurons of the adult
      brain.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:23460868
    title: β-catenin is essential for efficient in vitro premyogenic mesoderm 
      formation but can be partially compensated by retinoic acid signalling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:23610556
    title: A positive feedback loop involving Gcm1 and Fzd5 directs chorionic 
      branching morphogenesis in the placenta.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:23740243
    title: Activation of the transcription factor GLI1 by WNT signaling 
      underlies the role of SULFATASE 2 as a regulator of tissue regeneration.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:23856522
    title: Jmjd3 controls mesodermal and cardiovascular differentiation of 
      embryonic stem cells.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:23863479
    title: Tumor suppressor Nf2 limits expansion of the neural progenitor pool 
      by inhibiting Yap/Taz transcriptional coactivators.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:24046456
    title: Flotillin microdomains stabilize cadherins at cell-cell junctions.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:24191021
    title: Sox9 plays multiple roles in the lung epithelium during branching 
      morphogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:24338362
    title: POPX2 phosphatase regulates the KIF3 kinesin motor complex.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:24681597
    title: Kindlin-1 controls Wnt and TGF-β availability to regulate cutaneous 
      stem cell proliferation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:24847765
    title: From inception to output, Tcf1 and Lef1 safeguard development of T 
      cells and innate immune cells.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:25009587
    title: Depletion of canonical Wnt signaling components has a neuroprotective
      effect on midbrain dopaminergic neurons in an MPTP-induced mouse model of 
      Parkinson's disease.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:25232112
    title: Dlg5 regulates dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis by 
      controlling subcellular N-cadherin localization.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:25535395
    title: Notch inhibition induces mitotically generated hair cells in 
      mammalian cochleae via activating the Wnt pathway.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:25873176
    title: TGIF governs a feed-forward network that empowers Wnt signaling to 
      drive mammary tumorigenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:25961718
    title: Resveratrol-Induced Vascular Progenitor Differentiation towards 
      Endothelial Lineage via MiR-21/Akt/β-Catenin Is Protective in Vessel Graft
      Models.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:25979161
    title: Transmembrane protein 64 reciprocally regulates osteoblast and 
      adipocyte differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:26371318
    title: Lhx2 regulates the timing of β-catenin-dependent cortical 
      neurogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:26787558
    title: SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens junction stability 
      and reduced cranial neural crest cell delamination.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:26893351
    title: The transcription factor SOX6 contributes to the developmental 
      origins of obesity by promoting adipogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:27015268
    title: Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for Tooth
      Development and Ameloblast Differentiation.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:27375112
    title: Antagonistic Regulation of Intercellular Cohesion by Plakophilins 1 
      and 3.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:28641114
    title: A Critical Role of Presynaptic Cadherin/Catenin/p140Cap Complexes in 
      Stabilizing Spines and Functional Synapses in the Neocortex.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:29148101
    title: Homeobox protein MSX-1 inhibits expression of bone morphogenetic 
      protein 2, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and lymphoid enhancer-binding 
      factor 1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent differentiation of dental 
      mesenchymal cells during the late bell stage.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:29211732
    title: The mouse Jhy gene regulates ependymal cell differentiation and 
      ciliogenesis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:30389919
    title: ARTS mediates apoptosis and regeneration of the intestinal stem cell 
      niche.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:30478225
    title: TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in patterning
      and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:30659184
    title: Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage degeneration
      during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:31073040
    title: LMBR1L regulates lymphopoiesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:32533114
    title: ADNP promotes neural differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin 
      signaling.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:32868762
    title: The cellular and molecular landscape of hypothalamic patterning and 
      differentiation from embryonic to late postnatal development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:8555428
    title: Immunotoxicologic effects of ethylene dibromide in the mouse and 
      their modulation by the estrous cycle.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:8821035
    title: Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic development and in 
      adult tissues.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:8853988
    title: Expression and cell membrane localization of catenins during mouse 
      preimplantation development.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:8909549
    title: The catenin/cadherin adhesion system is localized in synaptic 
      junctions bordering transmitter release zones.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:9264463
    title: A specific domain in alpha-catenin mediates binding to beta-catenin 
      or plakoglobin.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:9488439
    title: Two members of the Tcf family implicated in Wnt/beta-catenin 
      signaling during embryogenesis in the mouse.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:9554852
    title: Functional interaction of an axin homolog, conductin, with 
      beta-catenin, APC, and GSK3beta.
    findings: []
  - id: PMID:9950951
    title: Nuclear localization of beta-catenin and loss of apical brush border 
      actin in cystic tubules of bcl-2 -/- mice.
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-209096
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9735211
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9754284
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9773219
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9793864
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9794042
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9823738
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824206
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824277
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9824278
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860515
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860560
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9860569
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-MMU-9863577
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
  - id: Reactome:R-NUL-9761463
    title: 'TODO: Fetch title'
    findings: []
core_functions:
  - description: Links cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton at adherens junctions
      to mediate cell-cell adhesion
    supported_by:
      - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
        supporting_text: Beta-catenin is a key cytoplasmic component of the 
          cadherin-catenin complex at adherens junctions, linking the 
          cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin to alpha-catenin and the actin 
          cytoskeleton ... This linkage is crucial for the adhesive function of 
          classical cadherins in forming stable cell-cell contacts in epithelial
          and other tissues
    molecular_function:
      id: GO:0045296
      label: cadherin binding
    directly_involved_in:
      - id: GO:0098609
        label: cell-cell adhesion
    locations:
      - id: GO:0005912
        label: adherens junction
  - description: Acts as transcriptional co-activator with TCF/LEF transcription
      factors in canonical Wnt signaling
    supported_by:
      - reference_id: file:mouse/Ctnnb1/Ctnnb1-deep-research.md
        supporting_text: In the nucleus, beta-catenin acts as a co-activator for
          TCF/LEF transcription factors, forming a transcriptional complex that 
          drives expression of Wnt target genes ... Beta-catenin also serves as 
          a central effector in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which 
          controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate during 
          development
    molecular_function:
      id: GO:0003713
      label: transcription coactivator activity
    directly_involved_in:
      - id: GO:0060070
        label: canonical Wnt signaling pathway
    locations:
      - id: GO:0005634
        label: nucleus
suggested_questions:
  - question: How does β-catenin coordinate its dual roles in cell adhesion and 
      Wnt signaling, and what mechanisms prevent crosstalk?
  - question: What determines the tissue-specific requirements for β-catenin in 
      development versus homeostasis?
  - question: How do different β-catenin mutations lead to distinct 
      developmental disorders and cancer types?
  - question: What role does β-catenin play in stem cell maintenance and 
      differentiation across different tissue types?
suggested_experiments:
  - description: Single-cell RNA sequencing of tissues with conditional 
      β-catenin knockout to map cell-type-specific transcriptional programs
  - description: Super-resolution microscopy to study β-catenin dynamics between
      adherens junctions and the nucleus during Wnt signaling
  - description: Cryo-EM structural determination of β-catenin in complex with 
      different binding partners like cadherins and TCF/LEF
  - description: Lineage tracing in mouse models to study β-catenin function in 
      stem cell fate decisions during development and regeneration
status: IN_PROGRESS

🔗 Related Resources

📊 View Pathway Visualization Interactive pathway diagram with detailed annotations