Tp53

UniProt ID: P10361
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Review Status: IN PROGRESS
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Gene Description

Tp53 (rat; UniProt P10361) encodes cellular tumor antigen p53, a conserved p53-family, sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor that acts as the central node of the cellular stress response and as a tumor suppressor ("guardian of the genome"). p53 has a modular architecture (N-terminal transactivation domains, proline-rich region, central sequence-specific DNA-binding domain, and an oligomerization/tetramerization domain); the active protein assembles into homotetramers that bind p53 response elements in target gene promoters/enhancers. In response to diverse stresses (notably DNA damage, but also oxidative stress, hypoxia, ribosomal/nucleolar stress and oncogene activation), p53 is stabilized β€” chiefly by escape from MDM2/MDM4-mediated ubiquitination β€” and drives transcriptional programs governing cell-cycle arrest (via CDKN1A/p21), apoptosis (via PUMA, BAX, NOXA), DNA repair and senescence. p53 also induces MDM2, forming an autoregulatory negative-feedback loop. It functions predominantly as a nuclear transcription factor but also has transcription-independent cytoplasmic/mitochondrial pro-apoptotic actions. The core, conserved function captured here is sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor activity coupled to the DNA-damage/stress response; the vast catalog of downstream tissue- and stimulus-specific responses in the GOA set reflects p53's pleiotropy rather than additional distinct molecular functions.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the core, defining molecular function of p53. As a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor, p53 binds p53 response elements and modulates RNA polymerase II transcription of stress-response target genes. Phylogenetic (IBA) inference is sound and corroborated by the deep research.
Reason: Core molecular function of p53, universally applicable across p53-family orthologs and strongly supported by literature.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
Tp53 encodes p53, a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor** that acts as a central stress-response node and tumor suppressor
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
p53 binds p53 response elements in the genome and transcriptionally regulates gene programs that determine cell fate under stress, prominently including **cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence**
GO:0042771 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 is the canonical mediator of the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway following DNA damage, transactivating PUMA, BAX and NOXA. This is a core p53 process and is the most specific GO term capturing p53-dependent DNA-damage apoptosis.
Reason: Core, p53-specific biological process; well-supported phylogenetic inference.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
p53 activates pro-apoptotic genes including **PUMA, BAX, NOXA** and can also contribute through non-transcriptional mitochondrial mechanisms
GO:0042981 regulation of apoptotic process
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 regulates apoptosis, but this generic term is subsumed by the far more specific and informative p53-mediated intrinsic apoptosis terms (GO:0042771, GO:0072332, GO:2001242). Retained as non-core because it is correct but not the most informative representation.
Reason: Correct but generic; the p53-specific apoptosis terms better capture the core function.
GO:1990841 promoter-specific chromatin binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 binds promoter/enhancer chromatin at response elements as part of its transcription factor function. Consistent with the core DNA-binding activity.
Reason: Supports the core sequence-specific DNA/chromatin-binding function.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 functions predominantly as a nuclear transcription factor where stabilized tetramers bind DNA response elements. This is the core site of action.
Reason: Core localization for the transcription factor function.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
Nuclear:** stabilized p53 forms tetramers in the nucleus and binds DNA response elements to regulate transcription
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 transactivates target genes (e.g. CDKN1A/p21, MDM2, pro-apoptotic genes) via RNA polymerase II, a core aspect of its transcriptional activator function.
Reason: Core function; p53 is a sequence-specific transcriptional activator.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
p53 transcriptionally activates CDKN1A/p21 and additional checkpoint mediators
GO:0000785 chromatin
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 is located at chromatin where it binds response elements. Consistent with its DNA-binding transcription factor role.
Reason: Core localization for the DNA-binding function.
GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
IBA
GO_REF:0000033
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 binds sequence-specific cis-regulatory regions (p53 response elements) of Pol II target genes. This is a precise statement of the core DNA-binding activity.
Reason: Core molecular function; precise DNA-binding specificity term.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
Central DNA-binding domain (DBD)**: mediates sequence-specific recognition of response elements
GO:0000976 transcription cis-regulatory region binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic parent of the more specific GO:0000978 sequence-specific cis-regulatory binding already annotated. Correct but redundant/less informative.
Reason: Correct but generic; superseded by the more specific DNA-binding terms.
GO:0003677 DNA binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic DNA binding; subsumed by the specific sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0043565) and cis-regulatory binding terms that capture p53's actual specificity.
Reason: Correct but uninformatively generic; more specific terms preferred.
GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Parent of the Pol II-specific term GO:0000981 already annotated as core. Correct but the Pol II-specific child is more informative.
Reason: Generic parent of the core MF term GO:0000981.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IEA
GO_REF:0000120
ACCEPT
Summary: Redundant nucleus annotation (also asserted by IBA). Core localization.
Reason: Core localization; duplicate of the IBA nucleus annotation.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 is also present in the cytoplasm, where a stress-stabilized pool can engage mitochondria for transcription-independent apoptosis. Non-core relative to the primary nuclear TF function.
Reason: Real but secondary localization; the core function is nuclear.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
It is also present in the **cytoplasm** and can relocalize to **mitochondria** for transcription-independent apoptotic signaling
GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
MODIFY
Summary: p53's transcription-independent apoptotic action occurs at the outer mitochondrial membrane/cytosolic interface with BCL-2 family proteins, not in the matrix. Matrix localization is not well supported and likely over-annotated from a generic subcellular-location mapping.
Reason: Mitochondrial p53 acts at the OMM with BCL-2 proteins, not in the matrix; IEA subcellular-location mapping is too imprecise. [2026-08 SL project sweep] Upgraded from MARK_AS_OVER_ANNOTATED to MODIFY. The prior review named the correct destination in its own text - the outer mitochondrial membrane - but recorded no replacement, leaving the annotation flagged with nowhere to go. GO:0005741 exists and the gene does not currently carry it, so the mis-assignment can be corrected rather than merely noted. This is a wrong-sub-compartment call, not an under-specification one - the SL term is precise and points at the wrong part of the organelle.
Proposed replacements: mitochondrial outer membrane
GO:0005783 endoplasmic reticulum
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: ER localization is not a recognized site of p53 function; this IEA subcellular-location mapping likely reflects transient/contextual detection rather than a functional compartment for p53.
Reason: Not a recognized functional compartment for p53; imprecise IEA mapping.
GO:0005813 centrosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Centrosomal p53 has been reported in the context of centrosome-duplication surveillance, but it is a peripheral, non-core localization relative to the nuclear TF function.
Reason: Peripheral localization linked to centrosome surveillance; not core.
GO:0006355 regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic transcription regulation; subsumed by the specific Pol II positive/negative regulation terms already annotated.
Reason: Correct but generic parent of the more specific Pol II regulation terms.
GO:0006915 apoptotic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 is a master regulator/inducer of apoptosis. As a bare process term it is generic; the regulatory and p53-specific intrinsic-apoptosis terms are more informative, but apoptosis is genuinely central to p53 biology.
Reason: Generic; the p53-mediated intrinsic apoptosis terms capture the core role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
p53 activates pro-apoptotic genes including **PUMA, BAX, NOXA** and can also contribute through non-transcriptional mitochondrial mechanisms
GO:0006979 response to oxidative stress
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 is activated by and responds to oxidative stress as part of its stress-sensing function. A genuine but downstream/contextual stress response.
Reason: One of many specific stress stimuli that activate the core stress response.
GO:0009410 response to xenobiotic stimulus
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific stimulus that can activate p53; downstream/contextual rather than a core molecular function.
Reason: Specific stress stimulus; non-core.
GO:0009411 response to UV
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: UV is a classic DNA-damaging stimulus that activates p53. A specific instance of the DNA-damage response; non-core as a standalone term.
Reason: Specific DNA-damage stimulus; subsumed by the core DNA-damage response.
GO:0010165 response to X-ray
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Ionizing radiation (X-ray) activates the p53 DNA-damage response. Specific stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
GO:0016605 PML body
IEA
GO_REF:0000044
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 localizes to PML nuclear bodies, which modulate its acetylation and activation. A real but specialized sub-nuclear localization; non-core.
Reason: Specialized sub-nuclear localization relevant to p53 regulation; non-core.
GO:0031625 ubiquitin protein ligase binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 binds the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 (and others), central to its regulation. A meaningful interaction underlying the MDM2 feedback loop, but not the core molecular activity.
Reason: Captures MDM2/E3 ligase interaction central to p53 turnover; regulatory, not the core MF.
GO:0051053 negative regulation of DNA metabolic process
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Very generic; p53 can negatively regulate DNA replication/synthesis under stress, but this term is uninformative relative to specific checkpoint/repair terms.
Reason: Overly generic ARBA-derived term; more specific checkpoint terms preferred.
GO:0051262 protein tetramerization
IEA
GO_REF:0000002
ACCEPT
Summary: Active p53 assembles into homotetramers via its oligomerization domain; tetramerization is required for efficient DNA binding and full transactivation. A genuine, mechanistically important molecular feature.
Reason: Tetramerization is an experimentally established, functionally required property of p53.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
activated p53 forms tetramers; tetramerization is required for efficient DNA binding and full transactivation
GO:0071456 cellular response to hypoxia
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Hypoxia is one of the stresses that activates p53. A specific stimulus response; non-core.
Reason: Specific stress stimulus; non-core.
GO:0097190 apoptotic signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic apoptotic signaling; subsumed by the p53-specific intrinsic apoptosis terms. Correct but not most informative.
Reason: Generic; p53-specific intrinsic apoptosis terms are more informative.
GO:0097371 MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 binds MDM2/MDM4, the principal negative regulators that control its stability and the autoregulatory feedback loop. A core regulatory interaction of the pathway.
Reason: Direct, well-established interaction central to p53 regulation.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
MDM2 ubiquitinylates p53, inhibiting transactivation and promoting nuclear export and degradation; stress disrupts this interaction, stabilizing p53
GO:2001242 regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
IEA
GO_REF:0000117
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 regulates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Consistent with core p53 apoptosis function, though the positive-regulation child term is more specific.
Reason: Correct; subsumed by the more specific positive-regulation term GO:2001244.
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reflects p53 self-association into homo-oligomers/tetramers. Captured more precisely by protein tetramerization (GO:0051262). Generic binding term.
Reason: Generic restatement of homotetramerization; protein tetramerization is preferred.
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 acts in the nucleoplasm as a transcription factor. Consistent with the core nuclear localization.
Reason: Core localization consistent with nuclear TF function.
GO:0005829 cytosol
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A cytosolic p53 pool exists and contributes to transcription-independent apoptosis. Non-core relative to nuclear function.
Reason: Secondary cytosolic localization; non-core.
GO:1990841 promoter-specific chromatin binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the IBA promoter-specific chromatin binding annotation. Supports the core DNA-binding function.
Reason: Supports core DNA/chromatin-binding function; duplicate of IBA call.
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression
IGI
PMID:23164821
Clusterin regulates Ξ²-amyloid toxicity via Dickkopf-1-driven...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Very generic positive regulation of gene expression. p53 does activate gene expression, but the specific Pol II transactivation terms are far more informative. The cited paper concerns clusterin/Dickkopf-1/Wnt in amyloid toxicity, a peripheral context.
Reason: Generic; subsumed by specific Pol II transactivation terms.
GO:0001223 transcription coactivator binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 binds transcriptional coactivators (e.g. p300/CBP) to drive transactivation. A genuine MF supporting the core transcriptional activator function.
Reason: Supports transactivation via coactivator recruitment; ancillary to the core DNA-binding MF.
GO:0005634 nucleus
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) nucleus annotation. Core localization.
Reason: Core localization; duplicate.
GO:0140693 molecular condensate scaffold activity
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: p53 has been reported to undergo phase separation in vitro, but condensate scaffold activity as a physiological function for rat p53 is not well established; ISS transfer is speculative.
Reason: Speculative; condensate scaffolding is not an established core function.
GO:0140693 molecular condensate scaffold activity
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the speculative condensate scaffold activity annotation.
Reason: Speculative; not an established core function.
Propagation Review
Root cause: SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED
Failure modes: SOURCE EVIDENCE WEAK
Sources checked:
UniProtKB:P04637 Β· human TP53 SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED
The human TP53 condensate-scaffold annotations are recent IDAs from in vitro phase-separation studies (e.g. PMID:35618207, PMID:36634798); too speculative to transfer as a rat function.
GO:0032211 negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 can repress TERT and limit telomerase, linked to senescence. A specific downstream transcriptional-repression output; non-core.
Reason: Specific downstream repression output; non-core.
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the core positive-regulation-of-Pol-II-transcription annotation.
Reason: Core function; duplicate of IBA call.
GO:1902895 positive regulation of miRNA transcription
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 transactivates specific miRNAs (e.g. miR-34 family). A specific downstream transcriptional output; non-core.
Reason: Specific transcriptional output; non-core.
GO:0003700 DNA-binding transcription factor activity
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the generic DNA-binding TF activity; parent of the core Pol II-specific term.
Reason: Generic parent of core MF term GO:0000981.
GO:0006357 regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic parent of the specific positive/negative Pol II regulation terms already annotated.
Reason: Generic parent term; non-core.
GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the core sequence-specific cis-regulatory DNA-binding annotation.
Reason: Core DNA-binding specificity; duplicate of IBA call.
GO:0097190 apoptotic signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:17998337
p53 initiates apoptosis by transcriptionally targeting the a...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Experimental (IMP) support that p53 initiates apoptotic signaling by transactivating a target (ARC). Genuine, though the generic term is subsumed by p53-specific intrinsic apoptosis terms.
Reason: Generic apoptotic signaling; p53-specific intrinsic apoptosis terms preferred.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:11278372
Stabilization and activation of p53 by the coactivator prote...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Uninformative 'protein binding'. The underlying interaction (with the coactivator TAFII31) is better captured by transcription coactivator/coregulator binding terms.
Reason: Per curation guidelines, bare protein binding is uninformative; specific coactivator-binding terms are preferred.
GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic positive regulation of gene expression; subsumed by specific Pol II transactivation terms.
Reason: Generic; specific Pol II transactivation terms preferred.
Propagation Review
Root cause: TERM SCOPING PROBLEM
Failure modes: GRANULARITY MISMATCH
Sources checked:
UniProtKB:P04637 Β· human TP53 SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET
The human donor evidence (IDA/IMP, e.g. PMID:20332243, PMID:19160485) is for specific Pol II transactivation events; the generic parent term adds nothing.
GO:0045815 transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 recruits chromatin remodelers/coactivators during transactivation. A mechanistic detail of transactivation; non-core.
Reason: Mechanistic detail of p53 transactivation; non-core.
GO:0016605 PML body
IDA
PMID:17289031
Subcellular localization of Daxx determines its opposing fun...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct (IDA) localization to PML nuclear bodies. A real but specialized sub-nuclear localization tied to p53 acetylation/activation; non-core.
Reason: Specialized sub-nuclear localization; non-core.
GO:0071456 cellular response to hypoxia
IEP
PMID:17289031
Subcellular localization of Daxx determines its opposing fun...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Expression-pattern (IEP) evidence linking p53 to hypoxic/ischemic response. A specific stimulus response; non-core.
Reason: Specific stress stimulus; non-core.
GO:0044325 transmembrane transporter binding
IPI
PMID:27013579
Suppressing activity of tributyrin on hepatocarcinogenesis i...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: The cited study concerns p53-CRM1 interaction and nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization; CRM1 (XPO1) is an exportin, not a transmembrane transporter. The mapping to transmembrane transporter binding appears mislabeled.
Reason: The GO term is mislabeled for this interaction. CRM1/XPO1 is a soluble nuclear export receptor (karyopherin/exportin), not a transmembrane transporter, so the underlying p53-CRM1 nuclear-export interaction (PMID:27013579) does not map to transmembrane transporter binding.
GO:0071401 cellular response to triglyceride
IEP
PMID:27013579
Suppressing activity of tributyrin on hepatocarcinogenesis i...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Highly specific contextual stimulus (tributyrin/triglyceride in a hepatocarcinogenesis model). Peripheral to p53's core function.
Reason: Narrow contextual stimulus response; non-core.
GO:0000785 chromatin
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) chromatin localization. Consistent with core DNA-binding.
Reason: Core localization for DNA-binding function; duplicate.
GO:2000774 positive regulation of cellular senescence
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 is a master inducer of cellular senescence (via p21 and other effectors). A genuine core-adjacent output of the p53 stress response.
Reason: Senescence induction is a canonical p53 output; retained as non-core (one of the major cell-fate programs, captured at the core level via the stress response).
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
p53 coordinates programs that enforce durable arrest and facilitate genomic maintenance
GO:0071889 14-3-3 protein binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 interacts with 14-3-3 proteins, modulating its stability/activity. A specific regulatory interaction; non-core.
Reason: Specific regulatory protein interaction; non-core.
GO:0140677 molecular function activator activity
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Very generic 'activator activity' term. p53 activates transcription, but this MF term is uninformative relative to its DNA-binding TF activity.
Reason: Generic/uninformative MF; specific TF terms preferred.
Propagation Review
Root cause: TERM SCOPING PROBLEM
Failure modes: GRANULARITY MISMATCH
Sources checked:
UniProtKB:P04637 Β· human TP53 SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET
The human donor rows (EXP/IPI, e.g. PMID:7559631) describe specific activation events; the root-level activator-activity term is uninformative for the rat gene.
GO:0090398 cellular senescence
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Cellular senescence is a canonical p53-controlled cell-fate program. A genuine, important downstream output of the p53 stress response.
Reason: Major p53 cell-fate program; captured at the core level via the stress response, retained as non-core.
GO:0090398 cellular senescence
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) cellular senescence annotation.
Reason: Duplicate; major p53 cell-fate program, non-core.
GO:0007283 spermatogenesis
IMP
PMID:28834365
Spontaneous testicular atrophy occurs despite normal spermat...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A Tp53-knockout rat shows testicular atrophy despite normal spermatogonial proliferation. This is a pleiotropic developmental/tissue phenotype, not a core molecular function of p53.
Reason: Pleiotropic tissue-level phenotype; non-core.
GO:0010165 response to X-ray
IMP
PMID:28834365
Spontaneous testicular atrophy occurs despite normal spermat...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Experimental support that p53 mediates the X-ray (ionizing radiation) response in rat tissue. A specific instance of the DNA-damage response; non-core.
Reason: Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process
IMP
PMID:28834365
Spontaneous testicular atrophy occurs despite normal spermat...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Context-dependent anti-apoptotic effect reported in the Tp53-knockout rat testis study. p53 is predominantly pro-apoptotic; this opposite-direction effect is context-specific and non-core.
Reason: Context-specific anti-apoptotic effect; non-core (p53's core apoptotic role is pro-apoptotic).
GO:0051726 regulation of cell cycle
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 regulates the cell cycle via p21-mediated arrest. Core-adjacent; the specific checkpoint terms are more informative but this captures a canonical output.
Reason: Generic; specific checkpoint/arrest terms preferred. Canonical p53 output.
GO:0000122 negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 represses a subset of target genes (e.g. via repression of survival/cell-cycle genes). Transcriptional repression is a genuine part of the p53 program.
Reason: p53 acts as both activator and repressor of Pol II transcription; this is part of the core transcriptional regulator function.
GO:0000987 cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Closely related to the core sequence-specific cis-regulatory DNA-binding function (GO:0000978). Supports the core DNA-binding activity.
Reason: Core DNA-binding specificity.
GO:0001227 DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 has sequence-specific repressor activity for a subset of targets. Part of the core transcription factor function (dual activator/repressor).
Reason: Core MF; p53 acts as a sequence-specific repressor for some targets.
GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation
IMP
PMID:30514107
CELF1/p53 axis: a sustained antiproliferative signal leading...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Experimental support (CELF1/p53 axis, villus atrophy) that p53 suppresses proliferation. A canonical tumor-suppressive output via cell-cycle arrest.
Reason: Canonical antiproliferative output; captured at the core level via cell-cycle arrest/stress response.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
p53 transcriptionally activates CDKN1A/p21 and additional checkpoint mediators
GO:0051726 regulation of cell cycle
IMP
PMID:30514107
CELF1/p53 axis: a sustained antiproliferative signal leading...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Experimental (IMP) support for p53 regulation of the cell cycle. Canonical p53 output; generic term subsumed by specific checkpoint terms.
Reason: Generic; canonical output, specific checkpoint terms preferred.
GO:1903451 negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Specific cell-cycle/quiescence regulatory term. A downstream detail of p53's cell-cycle control; non-core.
Reason: Specific cell-cycle regulatory detail; non-core.
GO:1902749 regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 contributes to the G2/M checkpoint. A specific aspect of cell-cycle arrest; non-core relative to the overall arrest program.
Reason: Specific checkpoint detail; non-core.
GO:0005739 mitochondrion
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A stress-stabilized p53 pool relocalizes to mitochondria for transcription-independent apoptosis. Real but secondary localization; non-core.
Reason: Secondary localization supporting transcription-independent apoptosis; non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
It is also present in the **cytoplasm** and can relocalize to **mitochondria** for transcription-independent apoptotic signaling
GO:0036310 ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: An in-vitro reannealing/strand-transfer activity reported for the p53 C-terminus. This is an in-vitro biochemical curiosity, not an established in-vivo function, and ISS transfer is weakly supported.
Reason: In-vitro-only activity not established as a physiological function; weak ISS support.
GO:0036310 ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the in-vitro DNA annealing activity.
Reason: In-vitro-only activity; not an established physiological function.
Propagation Review
Root cause: SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED
Failure modes: SOURCE EVIDENCE WEAK
Sources checked:
UniProtKB:P04637 Β· human TP53 SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED
The human donor evidence is a single early in vitro biochemical IDA (PMID:8183576) with no established physiological role.
GO:0140296 general transcription initiation factor binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 contacts general transcription machinery (e.g. TFIID/TBP) during transactivation. A mechanistic interaction supporting the core TF function.
Reason: Mechanistic interaction supporting transactivation; ancillary to core MF.
GO:0001228 DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: The specific sequence-specific transcriptional activator activity of p53 for Pol II targets. Together with the repressor activity, this constitutes the core MF.
Reason: Core molecular function; p53 is a sequence-specific Pol II transcriptional activator.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
p53 transcriptionally activates CDKN1A/p21 and additional checkpoint mediators
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Context-dependent anti-apoptotic role transferred by orthology. p53 is predominantly pro-apoptotic; the opposite-direction effect is context-specific and non-core.
Reason: Context-specific; p53's core apoptotic role is pro-apoptotic.
GO:0045899 positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A mechanistic detail of p53-driven transactivation (promoting PIC assembly). Supports the core activator function; non-core as a standalone term.
Reason: Mechanistic transactivation detail; non-core.
GO:0033209 tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 intersects with TNF/death-receptor signaling in some contexts. A peripheral cross-talk; non-core.
Reason: Peripheral signaling cross-talk; non-core.
GO:0001046 core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 binds sequence-specific DNA; whether it specifically binds the core promoter (vs distal/proximal response elements) is debatable. Related to the core DNA-binding function but the specific 'core promoter' qualifier may be over-specific.
Reason: Related to core DNA-binding; the core-promoter specificity is uncertain.
GO:0005813 centrosome
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Centrosomal localization linked to centrosome-duplication surveillance. Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Peripheral localization; non-core.
GO:0005813 centrosome
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) centrosome localization.
Reason: Peripheral localization; non-core; duplicate.
GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 is a master positive regulator of apoptosis, transactivating PUMA, BAX and NOXA. This is a canonical core p53 output.
Reason: Canonical, well-established pro-apoptotic role; core p53 output.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
p53 activates pro-apoptotic genes including **PUMA, BAX, NOXA** and can also contribute through non-transcriptional mitochondrial mechanisms
GO:0061629 RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
IPI
PMID:10329733
p53 suppresses the activation of the Bcl-2 promoter by the B...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct interaction (IPI) with another Pol II transcription factor (Brn-3a) to modulate the Bcl-2 promoter. A specific cofactor/TF interaction; non-core.
Reason: Specific TF-TF interaction; ancillary to the core MF.
GO:0090575 RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex
IDA
PMID:10329733
p53 suppresses the activation of the Bcl-2 promoter by the B...
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 is part of Pol II transcription regulator complexes at target promoters. Consistent with the core transcription factor function.
Reason: Consistent with core TF function; p53 acts within Pol II regulatory complexes.
GO:0002244 hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Pleiotropic tissue/developmental role transferred by orthology. Non-core.
Reason: Pleiotropic developmental role; non-core.
GO:0060218 hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Pleiotropic developmental role transferred by orthology. Non-core.
Reason: Pleiotropic developmental role; non-core.
GO:0048539 bone marrow development
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Pleiotropic tissue/developmental role transferred by orthology. Non-core.
Reason: Pleiotropic developmental role; non-core.
GO:2001244 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 positively regulates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. A core p53 apoptosis term, specific to the p53-driven mitochondrial program.
Reason: Core p53 apoptosis output; specific and informative.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
p53 activates pro-apoptotic genes including **PUMA, BAX, NOXA** and can also contribute through non-transcriptional mitochondrial mechanisms
GO:2001244 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
IMP
PMID:27031958
Nupr1/Chop signal axis is involved in mitochondrion-related ...
ACCEPT
Summary: Experimental (IMP) support for p53 positively regulating intrinsic apoptosis (Nupr1/Chop axis, mitochondrial endothelial apoptosis). Core p53 apoptosis output.
Reason: Core p53 apoptosis output; experimentally supported.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:27031958
Nupr1/Chop/P53 axis is involved in classical mitochondrial apoptosis caused by METH in endothelial cells
GO:0062100 positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 has been linked to necroptosis/programmed necrosis in some contexts. A specific, less-canonical cell-death output; non-core.
Reason: Less-canonical, context-specific cell-death output; non-core.
GO:0005667 transcription regulator complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 functions within transcription regulator complexes at target genes. Consistent with the core TF function.
Reason: Consistent with core TF function.
GO:0031625 ubiquitin protein ligase binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the MDM2/E3-ligase-binding annotation central to p53 turnover.
Reason: Regulatory interaction (MDM2 etc.); non-core; duplicate.
GO:0000978 RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISS) of the core sequence-specific cis-regulatory DNA-binding annotation.
Reason: Core DNA-binding specificity; duplicate.
GO:1905856 negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 represses TIGAR/G6PD-related metabolism, influencing the pentose-phosphate pathway. A specific metabolic output of p53; non-core.
Reason: Specific metabolic output; non-core.
GO:0006974 DNA damage response
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: The DNA damage response is the central pathway in which p53 acts, linking genotoxic stress to transcriptional reprogramming. This is a core process for p53.
Reason: Core pathway role of p53.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
Core pathway role: **DNA damage response** linking genotoxic or oncogenic stress to transcriptional reprogramming
GO:0006974 DNA damage response
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the core DNA damage response annotation.
Reason: Core pathway role; duplicate.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
Diverse cellular stresses (notably DNA damage) inhibit p53 ubiquitination, stabilize p53, and promote tetramer formation and DNA binding
GO:1990841 promoter-specific chromatin binding
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISS) promoter-specific chromatin binding. Supports the core DNA-binding function.
Reason: Supports core DNA/chromatin-binding; duplicate.
GO:0001094 TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 contacts the TFIID complex during transactivation. A mechanistic interaction supporting the core TF function.
Reason: Mechanistic interaction; ancillary to core MF.
GO:0009299 mRNA transcription
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic 'mRNA transcription'; subsumed by the specific Pol II regulation terms. Uninformative as a standalone.
Reason: Generic; specific Pol II regulation terms preferred.
GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the canonical pro-apoptotic regulation annotation.
Reason: Canonical core p53 output; duplicate.
GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the core DNA-binding transcription factor activity annotation.
Reason: Core molecular function; duplicate of IBA call.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
Tp53 encodes p53, a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor** that acts as a central stress-response node and tumor suppressor
GO:0003730 mRNA 3'-UTR binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: A reported non-canonical RNA-binding activity (e.g. p53 binding CDK4 mRNA). An in-vitro/non-canonical activity not central to p53 function; weak support.
Reason: Non-canonical RNA-binding activity; not an established core function.
Propagation Review
Root cause: SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED
Failure modes: SOURCE EVIDENCE WEAK
Sources checked:
UniProtKB:P04637 Β· human TP53 SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED
The human donor evidence is a single IDA (PMID:16213212) for non-canonical mRNA binding; weak grounding for a gene-level molecular function in rat.
GO:0034644 cellular response to UV
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: UV is a DNA-damaging stimulus activating p53. Specific instance of the DNA-damage response; non-core.
Reason: Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
GO:0042771 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the core p53-mediated DNA-damage intrinsic apoptosis annotation.
Reason: Core, p53-specific apoptosis process; duplicate.
GO:0071479 cellular response to ionizing radiation
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Ionizing radiation activates the p53 DNA-damage response. Specific stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
GO:0071480 cellular response to gamma radiation
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Gamma radiation activates the p53 DNA-damage response. Specific stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
GO:0072331 signal transduction by p53 class mediator
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: This is the defining signaling process for p53 (intracellular signaling induced by p53). A core, p53-specific pathway term.
Reason: Core, p53-specific signaling process.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
p53 binds p53 response elements in the genome and transcriptionally regulates gene programs that determine cell fate under stress, prominently including **cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence**
GO:0072332 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: The p53-mediated intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. A core, p53-specific apoptosis process.
Reason: Core, p53-specific apoptosis process.
GO:0072717 cellular response to actinomycin D
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Actinomycin D (a nucleolar/transcription stressor) activates p53. Highly specific stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Narrow specific stimulus; non-core.
GO:0002039 p53 binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 self-association (and binding to p53-family members). Reflects homotetramerization; captured more precisely by protein tetramerization.
Reason: Self/family-binding; subsumed by tetramerization.
GO:0032991 protein-containing complex
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Extremely generic cellular component (any protein complex). Uninformative.
Reason: Root-level generic CC; uninformative.
Propagation Review
Root cause: TERM SCOPING PROBLEM
Failure modes: GRANULARITY MISMATCH
Sources checked:
UniProtKB:P04637 Β· human TP53 SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET
The human donor's complex memberships are documented (IDA/IMP, e.g. PMID:9529249) but by specific complexes; the root-level component term conveys nothing.
GO:0097718 disordered domain specific binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Reflects p53's intrinsically disordered regions mediating interactions. A generic binding term; non-core.
Reason: Generic binding modality; non-core.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) cytoplasm localization (secondary p53 pool).
Reason: Secondary localization; non-core; duplicate.
GO:0006914 autophagy
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 modulates autophagy (context-dependent, both pro- and anti-autophagic). A specific downstream output; non-core.
Reason: Specific, context-dependent downstream output; non-core.
GO:0042826 histone deacetylase binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 interacts with HDACs (e.g. in repressive complexes/Sin3). A specific cofactor interaction; non-core.
Reason: Specific cofactor interaction; non-core.
GO:0045892 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53-mediated transcriptional repression. Part of the core dual activator/repressor function; the Pol II-specific child (GO:0000122) is more informative.
Reason: Generic repression term; Pol II-specific child preferred.
GO:0060333 type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 cross-talks with interferon signaling in some contexts. Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Peripheral signaling cross-talk; non-core.
GO:1905587 positive regulation of outer hair cell apoptotic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A highly tissue-specific apoptotic output (cochlear outer hair cells). Far downstream/pleiotropic; non-core.
Reason: Highly tissue-specific apoptotic output; non-core.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:15872011
Polyamine depletion induces nucleophosmin modulating stabili...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Uninformative 'protein binding'. The underlying interaction (nucleophosmin/B23 modulating p53) is better captured by a specific binding term.
Reason: Bare protein binding is uninformative per curation guidelines.
GO:0045471 response to ethanol
IEP
PMID:20961644
Activation of p53 enhances apoptosis and insulin resistance ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Specific stimulus (alcohol/ethanol in an alcoholic liver disease model). Peripheral contextual stress response; non-core.
Reason: Narrow contextual stimulus; non-core.
GO:0034614 cellular response to reactive oxygen species
IMP
PMID:24817286
Role of reactive oxygen species in p53 activation during cis...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Experimental support that ROS activate p53 (cisplatin-induced apoptosis in rat mesangial cells). A specific oxidative-stress instance; non-core.
Reason: Specific oxidative-stress stimulus; non-core.
GO:0032306 regulation of prostaglandin secretion
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A highly specific secretory/physiological output transferred by orthology. Far downstream; non-core.
Reason: Specific downstream physiological output; non-core.
GO:0090276 regulation of peptide hormone secretion
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific physiological/secretory output transferred by orthology. Far downstream; non-core.
Reason: Specific downstream physiological output; non-core.
GO:2000871 negative regulation of progesterone secretion
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A very specific endocrine output transferred by orthology. Far downstream; non-core.
Reason: Specific endocrine output; non-core.
GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) antiproliferative output; canonical tumor-suppressive effect via cell-cycle arrest.
Reason: Canonical output captured at core level via cell-cycle arrest; duplicate.
GO:0070059 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific stress-triggered branch of intrinsic apoptosis. p53 participates in ER-stress apoptosis in some contexts; specific/non-core.
Reason: Specific stress-branch of apoptosis; non-core.
GO:1900119 positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific apoptosis-execution regulatory term. A downstream detail of p53's pro-apoptotic role; non-core.
Reason: Specific apoptosis-execution detail; non-core.
GO:0007623 circadian rhythm
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 cross-talks with the circadian clock in some contexts. Peripheral/pleiotropic; non-core.
Reason: Peripheral cross-talk; non-core.
GO:0043153 entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: A very specific circadian-entrainment role transferred by sequence similarity. Far from p53's core function; weakly supported for rat.
Reason: Specific circadian role; weak ISS support, not a core p53 function.
GO:0043153 entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the specific circadian-entrainment annotation.
Reason: Specific circadian role; not a core p53 function.
Propagation Review
Root cause: PROPAGATION BAD
Failure modes: CONTEXT OR TISSUE MISMATCH
Sources checked:
MGI:MGI:98834 Β· mouse Trp53 SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET
The mouse donor support is an IMP from a single circadian study (PMID:24051492); a specialised organismal context rather than a core p53 role.
PR:P02340 Β· mouse Trp53 (PRO entity) SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET
PRO entity for the mouse p53 protein listed alongside the MGI donor; it points at the same PMID:24051492 evidence, so it is the same source rather than a second one.
GO:0048512 circadian behavior
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: A behavioral/organismal circadian phenotype transferred by similarity. Far downstream/pleiotropic; non-core.
Reason: Organismal behavioral phenotype; not a core p53 function.
GO:0048512 circadian behavior
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the circadian-behavior annotation.
Reason: Organismal behavioral phenotype; not a core p53 function.
Propagation Review
Root cause: PROPAGATION BAD
Failure modes: CONTEXT OR TISSUE MISMATCH
Sources checked:
MGI:MGI:98834 Β· mouse Trp53 SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET
The mouse donor support is an IMP from the same circadian study (PMID:24051492); an organismal behavioural phenotype, not a p53 molecular role.
PR:P02340 Β· mouse Trp53 (PRO entity) SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET
PRO entity for the mouse p53 protein listed alongside the MGI donor; same PMID:24051492 evidence, so no independent support.
GO:0000981 DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISS) of the core DNA-binding transcription factor activity annotation.
Reason: Core molecular function; duplicate.
GO:0097371 MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding
IPI
PMID:23941874
Caveolin-1/PTRF upregulation constitutes a mechanism for med...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct (IPI) MDM2/MDM4-family binding evidence. Central regulatory interaction; duplicate of the IEA call.
Reason: Direct, well-established interaction central to p53 regulation.
GO:0005634 nucleus
IDA
PMID:17571083
Mutant ubiquitin found in Alzheimer's disease causes neuriti...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct (IDA) nuclear localization. Core localization for the TF function.
Reason: Core localization; direct evidence.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
Nuclear:** stabilized p53 forms tetramers in the nucleus and binds DNA response elements to regulate transcription
GO:0046677 response to antibiotic
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific xenobiotic/drug stimulus transferred by orthology. Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Specific drug stimulus; non-core.
GO:0071456 cellular response to hypoxia
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) hypoxia response. Specific stress stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific stress stimulus; non-core; duplicate.
GO:0090200 positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A mechanistic step of p53-driven intrinsic apoptosis (cytochrome c release). Supports the core pro-apoptotic role; specific/non-core as a standalone term.
Reason: Mechanistic step of intrinsic apoptosis; non-core.
GO:2001244 positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the core p53 positive-regulation-of-intrinsic-apoptosis annotation.
Reason: Core p53 apoptosis output; duplicate.
GO:0034605 cellular response to heat
IEP
PMID:11295070
Hyperthermia-induced apoptosis in two rat yolk sac tumor cel...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Hyperthermia-induced apoptosis (rat yolk sac tumor lines) linking p53 to heat stress. Specific stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific stress stimulus; non-core.
GO:0010224 response to UV-B
IEP
PMID:22559303
Kinetics of GADD45Ξ±, TP53 and CASP3 gene expression in the r...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: UV-B-induced p53/GADD45/CASP3 response in rat lens. Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
GO:0001221 transcription coregulator binding
IPI
PMID:21792911
Analysis of p53 and NF-ΞΊB signaling in modulating the cardio...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct (IPI) interaction with a transcription coregulator (NF-kB context). Supports the core transactivation function via cofactor recruitment.
Reason: Cofactor interaction supporting transactivation; ancillary to core MF.
GO:0097252 oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A highly cell-type-specific apoptotic output. Far downstream/pleiotropic; non-core.
Reason: Cell-type-specific apoptotic output; non-core.
GO:0097252 oligodendrocyte apoptotic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the oligodendrocyte apoptosis annotation.
Reason: Cell-type-specific apoptotic output; non-core; duplicate.
GO:0045893 positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53-mediated transcriptional activation. Part of the core activator function; the Pol II-specific term GO:0045944 is more informative.
Reason: Generic activation term; Pol II-specific child preferred.
GO:0016605 PML body
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) PML body localization. Specialized sub-nuclear localization; non-core.
Reason: Specialized sub-nuclear localization; non-core; duplicate.
GO:0016032 viral process
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'viral process' transferred by orthology (p53 is targeted by viral oncoproteins). Uninformative/peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Generic viral-process term; uninformative for p53's own function.
Propagation Review
Root cause: TERM SCOPING PROBLEM
Failure modes: GRANULARITY MISMATCH ROLE CONFLATION
Sources checked:
UniProtKB:P04637 Β· human TP53 SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET
The human donor evidence is an IMP (PMID:22574148) in a viral-infection setting; the generic viral-process term conflates being a viral target with a p53 function.
GO:0030971 receptor tyrosine kinase binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific protein interaction transferred by orthology. Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Specific protein interaction; non-core.
GO:0048147 negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A cell-type-specific antiproliferative output. A specific instance of p53's antiproliferative role; non-core.
Reason: Cell-type-specific antiproliferative output; non-core.
GO:0042149 cellular response to glucose starvation
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 responds to metabolic/nutrient stress (e.g. via AMPK). Specific stress stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific metabolic stress stimulus; non-core.
GO:0061629 RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the specific TF-TF binding annotation.
Reason: Specific TF-TF interaction; ancillary; duplicate.
GO:0019899 enzyme binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Generic 'enzyme binding'. Uninformative relative to specific interaction terms (e.g. MDM2, HDAC, kinases).
Reason: Generic binding term; uninformative.
Propagation Review
Root cause: TERM SCOPING PROBLEM
Failure modes: GRANULARITY MISMATCH
Sources checked:
UniProtKB:P04637 Β· human TP53 SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET
The human donor row rests on a single IPI (PMID:17805299); specific interaction terms are far more informative than this generic parent.
GO:0071466 cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic xenobiotic-stress response transferred by orthology. Specific stimulus class; non-core.
Reason: Specific stimulus class; non-core.
GO:2000379 positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 modulates ROS/redox metabolism (context-dependent, both pro- and anti-oxidant). A specific metabolic output; non-core.
Reason: Specific metabolic output; non-core.
GO:0000976 transcription cis-regulatory region binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic parent (ISO) of the specific sequence-specific cis-regulatory binding. Subsumed by GO:0000978.
Reason: Generic parent of the more specific DNA-binding term.
GO:0008104 intracellular protein localization
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Very generic process term transferred by orthology. Uninformative.
Reason: Generic/uninformative process; not a core p53 function.
Propagation Review
Root cause: TERM SCOPING PROBLEM
Failure modes: GRANULARITY MISMATCH
Sources checked:
UniProtKB:P04637 Β· human TP53 SUPPORTS SOURCE BUT NOT TARGET
The human donor evidence is an IDA (PMID:16507995) for a specific localisation event, and the GOA rows also cite isoform P04637-4; the generic parent term conveys no function.
GO:0008340 determination of adult lifespan
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: An organismal aging/longevity phenotype transferred by orthology. Far downstream/pleiotropic; non-core.
Reason: Organismal aging phenotype; non-core.
GO:0070245 positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A cell-type-specific apoptotic output (thymocytes). A classic p53-dependent apoptosis instance, but cell-type-specific; non-core.
Reason: Cell-type-specific apoptotic output; non-core.
GO:0097371 MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) MDM2/MDM4 binding. Central regulatory interaction.
Reason: Direct interaction central to p53 regulation; duplicate.
GO:0090399 replicative senescence
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific senescence subtype. p53 enforces replicative senescence; a downstream instance of the senescence program; non-core.
Reason: Specific senescence subtype; non-core.
GO:0090403 oxidative stress-induced premature senescence
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific senescence subtype induced by oxidative stress. Downstream instance of the senescence program; non-core.
Reason: Specific senescence subtype; non-core.
GO:0006983 ER overload response
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific ER-stress response transferred by orthology. Specific stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific stress response; non-core.
GO:0042981 regulation of apoptotic process
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the generic apoptosis-regulation annotation; subsumed by p53-specific terms.
Reason: Generic; p53-specific apoptosis terms preferred; duplicate.
GO:0030330 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: The DNA-damage-response signaling specifically mediated by p53. A core, p53-specific pathway term integrating DNA damage with p53 signaling.
Reason: Core, p53-specific DNA-damage signaling process.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
Core pathway role: **DNA damage response** linking genotoxic or oncogenic stress to transcriptional reprogramming
GO:0002020 protease binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific protein interaction transferred by orthology. Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Specific protein interaction; non-core.
GO:0051721 protein phosphatase 2A binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific interaction (PP2A regulating p53 phosphorylation). A regulatory interaction; non-core.
Reason: Specific regulatory interaction; non-core.
GO:0031625 ubiquitin protein ligase binding
IPI
PMID:16330492
Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of p53 protein despite phosp...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct (IPI) E3 ligase binding (acetaminophen-induced p53 degradation context). Captures the MDM2/E3-ligase interaction underlying p53 turnover; non-core.
Reason: Regulatory E3-ligase interaction; non-core.
GO:0016604 nuclear body
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic parent of PML body. p53 localizes to nuclear bodies; specialized sub-nuclear localization; non-core.
Reason: Specialized sub-nuclear localization; non-core.
GO:0007265 Ras protein signal transduction
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A signaling cross-talk transferred by orthology (oncogene-induced p53 activation). Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Peripheral signaling cross-talk; non-core.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:8389468
Physical and functional interaction between WT1 and p53 prot...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Uninformative 'protein binding'. The underlying WT1-p53 interaction is captured better by a specific TF-binding term; the same paper also supports the negative-regulation-of-transcription annotation below.
Reason: Bare protein binding is uninformative per curation guidelines.
GO:0045892 negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
IDA
PMID:8389468
Physical and functional interaction between WT1 and p53 prot...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Direct (IDA) evidence that p53 represses transcription (WT1/p53 functional interaction). Supports the core dual activator/repressor function; generic term, Pol II-specific child preferred.
Reason: Generic repression term; supports core repressor activity, Pol II-specific child preferred.
GO:0010332 response to gamma radiation
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Gamma radiation activates the p53 DNA-damage response. Specific stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
GO:0031571 mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
ACCEPT
Summary: p53 enforces the G1 DNA-damage checkpoint (via p21). A specific, mechanistically central output of the p53 DNA-damage response.
Reason: A defining, specific p53-mediated checkpoint output of the DNA-damage response.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
p53 transcriptionally activates CDKN1A/p21 and additional checkpoint mediators
GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
IDA
PMID:11278372
Stabilization and activation of p53 by the coactivator prote...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct (IDA) evidence of p53-driven Pol II transactivation (TAFII31 coactivator). Core transcriptional activator function.
Reason: Core function; direct evidence of Pol II transactivation.
GO:0051087 protein-folding chaperone binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 interacts with chaperones (e.g. HSP90/HSP70) that regulate its folding/stability. A regulatory interaction; non-core.
Reason: Specific regulatory chaperone interaction; non-core.
GO:0006979 response to oxidative stress
IEP
PMID:17600529
Oxidative stress regulates IGF1R expression in vascular smoo...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Expression-pattern evidence for p53 in oxidative-stress response (IGF1R/HDAC in VSMCs). Specific stress stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific stress stimulus; non-core.
GO:0010038 response to metal ion
IEP
PMID:17466256
Apoptosis and inhibition of gap-junctional intercellular com...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific stimulus (platinum complex). Peripheral contextual stress response; non-core.
Reason: Specific drug/metal stimulus; non-core.
GO:0031000 response to caffeine
IEP
PMID:16544096
Activation of p53 signaling initiates apoptotic death in a c...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific stimulus (caffeine, in a Parkinson's-disease cell model). Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Narrow specific stimulus; non-core.
GO:0033552 response to vitamin B3
IEP
PMID:17516866
Niacin deficiency alters p53 expression and impairs etoposid...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency alters p53 expression in rat bone marrow. A specific nutritional stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific nutritional stimulus; non-core.
GO:0043200 response to amino acid
IEP
PMID:17542038
Glutamine supplementation prevents exercise-induced neutroph...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific nutritional stimulus (glutamine). Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Specific nutritional stimulus; non-core.
GO:0002687 positive regulation of leukocyte migration
IMP
PMID:18317410
Inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-alpha reduces myocyte apoptos...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific physiological output (leukocyte transmigration in aged rat hearts, via pifithrin-alpha p53 inhibition). Far downstream/pleiotropic; non-core.
Reason: Specific tissue-level physiological output; non-core.
GO:0009410 response to xenobiotic stimulus
IEP
PMID:18336558
Effects of chronic treatment with valproate and oxcarbazepin...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific xenobiotic stimulus (valproate/oxcarbazepine). Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Specific xenobiotic stimulus; non-core.
GO:0009411 response to UV
IEP
PMID:17724205
p53 expression and apoptosis in the lens after ultraviolet r...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: UV-induced p53 expression/apoptosis in the rat lens. Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
GO:0010165 response to X-ray
IEP
PMID:17699727
A novel animal model to investigate fractionated radiotherap...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Radiotherapy-induced p53/apoptosis in a rat mucositis model. Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific DNA-damage stimulus; non-core.
GO:0032526 response to retinoic acid
IEP
PMID:17962954
Retinoic acid downregulates microRNAs to induce abnormal dev...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific stimulus (retinoic acid in a spina bifida model). Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Specific stimulus; non-core.
GO:0034097 response to cytokine
IEP
PMID:17651018
IFN-gamma promotes apoptosis of the uterus and placenta in p...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: IFN-gamma-associated apoptosis in pregnant rat uterus/placenta. Specific cytokine stimulus; non-core.
Reason: Specific cytokine stimulus; non-core.
GO:0045787 positive regulation of cell cycle
IMP
PMID:18026139
Activation of the p53-p21(Cip1) pathway is required for CDK2...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A context-specific positive cell-cycle effect (p53-p21 required for CDK2/S-phase entry in primary rat hepatocytes). p53 canonically arrests the cell cycle; this opposite-direction effect is context-specific and non-core.
Reason: Context-specific positive effect; p53's core cell-cycle role is arrest.
GO:0048662 negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
IMP
PMID:17659301
Induction of p53 by GKLF is essential for inhibition of prol...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A cell-type-specific antiproliferative output (VSMCs, via GKLF-induced p53). A specific instance of p53's antiproliferative role; non-core.
Reason: Cell-type-specific antiproliferative output; non-core.
GO:0055093 response to hyperoxia
IEP
PMID:18337831
Hyperbaric oxygen attenuates apoptosis and decreases inflamm...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific oxidative stimulus (hyperbaric oxygen/ischemic wound). Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Specific oxidative stimulus; non-core.
GO:1901423 response to benzene
IEP
PMID:18093815
Differentially expressed pro- and anti-apoptogenic genes in ...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific xenobiotic stimulus (benzene exposure, lung epithelia). Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Specific xenobiotic stimulus; non-core.
GO:0000785 chromatin
IDA
PMID:15632413
Combinatorial control of the bradykinin B2 receptor promoter...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct (IDA) chromatin localization (bradykinin B2 receptor promoter). Supports the core DNA-binding function.
Reason: Core localization for DNA-binding; direct evidence.
GO:0005667 transcription regulator complex
IDA
PMID:15632413
Combinatorial control of the bradykinin B2 receptor promoter...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct (IDA) evidence that p53 acts within a transcription regulator complex (with CREB, KLF-4, CBP on the B2R promoter). Consistent with the core TF function.
Reason: Consistent with core TF function; direct evidence.
GO:0043565 sequence-specific DNA binding
IDA
PMID:15632413
Combinatorial control of the bradykinin B2 receptor promoter...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct (IDA) evidence of p53 sequence-specific DNA binding at a target promoter. This is the core DNA-binding molecular function.
Reason: Core molecular function; direct experimental evidence of sequence-specific DNA binding.
Supporting Evidence:
file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
Central DNA-binding domain (DBD)**: mediates sequence-specific recognition of response elements
GO:0003682 chromatin binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic chromatin binding; subsumed by the specific sequence-specific and promoter-specific binding terms.
Reason: Generic; specific DNA/chromatin binding terms preferred.
GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process
IMP
PMID:16688778
Multiple apoptotic pathways induced by p53-dependent acidifi...
ACCEPT
Summary: Direct functional (IMP) evidence of p53-dependent apoptosis (benzo[a]pyrene-exposed hepatic cells). Core pro-apoptotic role.
Reason: Core pro-apoptotic role; experimentally supported.
GO:0051453 regulation of intracellular pH
IMP
PMID:16688778
Multiple apoptotic pathways induced by p53-dependent acidifi...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific output (p53-dependent acidification in the same benzo[a]pyrene study). An unusual/specific downstream effect; non-core.
Reason: Specific, unusual downstream effect; non-core.
GO:0046982 protein heterodimerization activity
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 can heterodimerize/hetero-oligomerize with family members (p63/p73) or interact with partners. A binding modality; subsumed by tetramerization for the core homo-oligomer.
Reason: Binding modality; non-core relative to homotetramerization.
GO:0016363 nuclear matrix
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A sub-nuclear localization transferred by orthology. Specialized; non-core.
Reason: Specialized sub-nuclear localization; non-core.
GO:0065003 protein-containing complex assembly
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Generic complex-assembly term (reflects tetramer/complex formation). Uninformative relative to protein tetramerization.
Reason: Generic; tetramerization is the informative term.
GO:0005515 protein binding
IPI
PMID:12464630
A nucleolar mechanism controlling cell proliferation in stem...
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Uninformative 'protein binding' (nucleolar/nucleophosmin context). Specific interaction terms preferred.
Reason: Bare protein binding is uninformative per curation guidelines.
GO:1904584 cellular response to polyamine macromolecule
IEP
PMID:11502571
Polyamine depletion stabilizes p53 resulting in inhibition o...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A specific stimulus (polyamine depletion stabilizing p53 in intestinal epithelium). Peripheral; non-core.
Reason: Specific stimulus; non-core.
GO:2000279 negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic process
IMP
PMID:11502571
Polyamine depletion stabilizes p53 resulting in inhibition o...
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis/proliferation (polyamine-depletion context). A specific instance of p53's antiproliferative/checkpoint role; non-core.
Reason: Specific antiproliferative output; non-core.
GO:0003677 DNA binding
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISS) generic DNA binding; subsumed by the specific sequence-specific DNA-binding terms.
Reason: Generic; specific DNA-binding terms preferred; duplicate.
GO:0005507 copper ion binding
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: p53 can bind metal ions (zinc is structurally required in the DBD; copper binding has been reported in vitro). Copper binding is not an established physiological function and ISS support is weak.
Reason: Copper binding is not an established p53 function (the structurally required metal is zinc); weak ISS support.
GO:0005634 nucleus
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
ACCEPT
Summary: Duplicate (ISS) nucleus localization. Core localization.
Reason: Core localization; duplicate.
GO:0005730 nucleolus
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 localizes to the nucleolus in some contexts (nucleolar stress sensing). A specialized sub-nuclear localization; non-core.
Reason: Specialized sub-nuclear localization; non-core.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISS) cytoplasm localization (secondary pool).
Reason: Secondary localization; non-core; duplicate.
GO:0005739 mitochondrion
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISS) mitochondrion localization (transcription-independent apoptosis). Secondary; non-core.
Reason: Secondary localization; non-core; duplicate.
GO:0006289 nucleotide-excision repair
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: p53 facilitates nucleotide-excision repair (e.g. via transactivation of repair genes such as DDB2/XPC). A genuine DNA-repair-supporting role downstream of its TF function; non-core.
Reason: DNA-repair-supporting role downstream of the core DNA-damage response; non-core.
GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth
ISS
GO_REF:0000024
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: A generic antigrowth term; subsumed by the specific cell-cycle-arrest/antiproliferation terms. Canonical tumor-suppressive output.
Reason: Generic; specific arrest/antiproliferation terms preferred.
GO:0006289 nucleotide-excision repair
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the NER-supporting role.
Reason: DNA-repair-supporting role; non-core; duplicate.
GO:0005507 copper ion binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) of the speculative copper-binding annotation.
Reason: Not an established p53 function (zinc is the structural metal); weak support.
Propagation Review
Root cause: SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED
Failure modes: SOURCE EVIDENCE WEAK
Sources checked:
UniProtKB:P04637 Β· human TP53 SOURCE WEAK OR INFERRED
The human donor evidence is a single in vitro metal-binding IDA (PMID:7824276); zinc, not copper, is p53's established structural metal.
GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) generic antigrowth term.
Reason: Generic; specific arrest terms preferred; duplicate.
GO:0003677 DNA binding
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) generic DNA binding; subsumed by specific terms.
Reason: Generic; specific DNA-binding terms preferred; duplicate.
GO:0005730 nucleolus
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) nucleolus localization (nucleolar stress sensing). Specialized; non-core.
Reason: Specialized sub-nuclear localization; non-core; duplicate.
GO:0006355 regulation of DNA-templated transcription
ISO
GO_REF:0000121
KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Duplicate (ISO) generic transcription-regulation term; subsumed by the specific Pol II terms.
Reason: Generic parent; non-core; duplicate.

Core Functions

p53 is a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor that recognizes p53 response elements via its central DNA-binding domain and, as a homotetramer, activates (and represses) RNA polymerase II transcription of stress-response target genes. This is the single core evolved molecular function from which all downstream p53 biology derives.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
    Tp53 encodes p53, a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor** that acts as a central stress-response node and tumor suppressor
  • file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
    Central DNA-binding domain (DBD)**: mediates sequence-specific recognition of response elements

Acting downstream of its DNA-binding/transcription-factor activity, p53 transactivates pro-apoptotic targets (PUMA, BAX, NOXA) to drive the p53-mediated intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway in response to DNA damage; a stress-stabilized cytoplasmic pool can also engage BCL-2 family proteins at mitochondria for transcription-independent apoptosis.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
    p53 activates pro-apoptotic genes including **PUMA, BAX, NOXA** and can also contribute through non-transcriptional mitochondrial mechanisms

p53 enforces the DNA-damage cell-cycle checkpoint by transactivating CDKN1A/p21, producing G1 (and G2/M) arrest; sustained activation drives cellular senescence. These antiproliferative outputs underlie p53's tumor-suppressor function.

Supporting Evidence:
  • file:rat/Tp53/Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md
    p53 transcriptionally activates CDKN1A/p21 and additional checkpoint mediators

References

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Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Which of the many tissue- and stimulus-specific p53 responses annotated by orthology (e.g. progesterone secretion, circadian behavior, outer hair cell apoptosis) reflect direct rat Tp53 functions versus transfer artifacts from other mammals?

Q: Is the reported in-vitro ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing and copper-ion-binding activity of p53 physiologically relevant in rat, or are these in-vitro artifacts that should not be annotated?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: ChIP-seq for endogenous p53 in rat cells before and after a defined genotoxic stress (e.g. doxorubicin or ionizing radiation) to define the direct rat p53 cistrome and distinguish direct transcriptional targets from indirect/pleiotropic responses.

Type: ChIP-seq

Experiment: RNA-seq of rat cells with Tp53 knockout versus wild-type under basal and DNA-damage conditions to define the rat p53-dependent transcriptional program (arrest, apoptosis, senescence) and test which annotated downstream processes are p53-dependent in rat.

Type: RNA-seq

Deep Research

Falcon

(Tp53-deep-research-falcon.md)

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πŸ“š Additional Documentation

Bioreason Rl Predictions

(Tp53-bioreason-rl-predictions.md)

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Bioreason Rl Review

(Tp53-bioreason-rl-review.md)

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πŸ“„ View Raw YAML

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