| Aspect | Key claim | Experimental system/conditions | Quantitative/statistical details | Source (author year) and DOI/URL | Evidence citation id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Function | HSP-12.6 lacks detectable canonical in vitro chaperone activity against thermally unfolded citrate synthase | Recombinant C. elegans HSP-12.6 tested in citrate synthase aggregation-prevention assays | Failed to prevent citrate synthase aggregation at 45°C; interpreted as no detectable in vitro chaperone/holdase activity in that assay | Ramsay 2012 summarizing Leroux et al. 1997a; review context consistent with Nakamoto & Vígh 2007. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-006-6321-2 | (pqac-00000010, pqac-00000013) |
| Function/structure | HSP-12.6 is structurally atypical among sHSPs, with very short terminal regions and monomeric behavior | Biophysical characterization discussed for the C. elegans 12-kDa sHSP family | Reported as monomeric by sedimentation velocity and cross-linking analyses; contrasts with many oligomeric sHSPs | Ramsay 2012; Nakamoto & Vígh 2007. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-006-6321-2 | (pqac-00000009, pqac-00000011) |
| Localization | Translational reporter indicates expression in muscle, neurons, vulva, intestine, and reproductive muscle-associated tissues | phsp-12.6::HSP-12.6::DSRED2 translational fusion in C. elegans under basal and heat-shock conditions | Expression observed in body muscle, vulval and uterine muscles, anterior/posterior axons, intestinal cells; constitutive expression also reported at 20°C | Ramsay 2012 | (pqac-00000001, pqac-00000006) |
| Localization | Reporter signal in body muscle is punctate but does not colocalize with mitochondria | phsp-12.6::HSP-12.6::DSRED2 compared with mitochondrial GFP reporter in muscle cells | No colocalization detected; authors concluded HSP-12.6 is not localized to mitochondria in muscle cells | Ramsay 2012 | (pqac-00000001) |
| Expression regulation | hsp-12.6 is a DAF-16/FOXO- and HSF-1-linked longevity/stress gene, strongly associated with dauer and reduced IIS | Genetic and transcriptomic analyses in daf-2 and daf-16 backgrounds; promoter motif analysis | Reported as highly expressed in dauer; upregulated when daf-2 activity is reduced and downregulated when daf-16 activity is reduced; upstream consensus DAF-16 and HSF-1 sites present | Ramsay 2012; background from DAF-16/HSF-1 literature summarized therein | (pqac-00000001, pqac-00000007) |
| Expression regulation | Unlike classic heat-inducible sHSPs, hsp-12.6 is often described as constitutive and not strongly stress-induced in standard assays | Western blot and reporter-based observations in C. elegans L1 larvae and adults | No significant induction reported across multiple stressors in L1 larvae; constitutive reporter expression at 20°C | Ramsay 2012 | (pqac-00000000, pqac-00000006) |
| Phenotype | hsp-12.6 contributes to daf-2 longevity; RNAi reduces the long-lived phenotype of daf-2 mutants | RNAi knockdown in daf-2(e1370) and other IIS mutant backgrounds | In daf-2(e1370) at 20°C, hsp-12.6(RNAi) reduced extended lifespan by approximately 25% | Ramsay 2012 | (pqac-00000001) |
| Phenotype | hsp-12.6 overexpression modestly extends lifespan | phsp-12.6::HSP-12.6::DSRED2 overexpression strain | Lifespan extension of about 2 days relative to controls | Ramsay 2012 | (pqac-00000003, pqac-00000007) |
| Phenotype/proteostasis | Despite weak in vitro chaperone evidence, hsp-12.6 has in vivo protective roles in proteostasis | RNAi studies in polyQ aggregation/longevity contexts | RNAi accelerates polyQ aggregation; lifespan effects are small but statistically significant in several backgrounds | Ramsay 2012 | (pqac-00000004, pqac-00000005) |
| Recent regulation (2023) | Genistein downregulates hsp-12.6 under heat stress but not oxidative stress | L4 worms treated with 200 µM genistein; qPCR under 35°C heat stress or H2O2 oxidative stress | At 35°C, hsp-12.6 mRNA decreased by 49.4% (p < 0.01); under H2O2, no significant change reported | Zhang et al. 2023, Antioxidants, published Jan 2023. DOI/URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010125 | (pqac-00000017, pqac-00000018) |
| Recent regulation (2023) | EEGE upregulates hsp-12.6 in an Aβ transgenic worm model | CL4176 C. elegans treated with ethyl acetate extract of Gastrodia elata (EEGE); RNA-seq with qPCR validation | hsp-12.6 reported upregulated with P < 0.05; exact fold-change not provided in extracted text | Shi et al. 2023, Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, published Jul 2023. DOI/URL: https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12104 | (pqac-00000016) |
| Recent omics (2024) | hsp-12.6 is among neuronal genes upregulated by daf-2/FOXO signaling in aged animals | Neuron-specific transcriptomics comparing daf-2 vs daf-16;daf-2 neurons in aged C. elegans | log2FC = 1.94; adjusted p = 7.33E-06 | Weng et al. 2024, eLife, published Jun 2024. DOI/URL: https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.95621.4 | (pqac-00000008) |


*Table: This table summarizes experimentally supported findings for C. elegans hsp-12.6, including molecular function, localization, pathway regulation, phenotypic effects, and recent 2023-2024 omics results. It highlights both classic evidence and newer quantitative studies relevant for functional annotation.*