RAB-11.1 is the main Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of the Rab11 subfamily of small GTPases (human RAB11A/RAB11B). It is a geranylgeranylated Rab that cycles between GDP- and GTP-bound states; REI-1 and REI-2 (SH3BP5 homologs) act as its guanine nucleotide exchange factors on late-Golgi membranes. Active RAB-11.1 resides on recycling endosomes and trans-Golgi membranes and controls traffic from these compartments to the plasma membrane. In oocytes it supports recycling of the yolk receptor RME-2 and of the VAB-1 MSP/Eph receptor, which influences meiotic maturation, and it transiently decorates cortical granules and is required, with the t-SNARE SYN-4, for their exocytosis after fertilization, delivering chondroitin proteoglycans to the eggshell. In the early embryo RAB-11 recycling endosomes cluster around centrosomes and the spindle and are delivered to the cleavage furrow, and RAB-11 is required for completion of cytokinesis and for normal spindle alignment. In intestinal epithelial cells RAB-11.1 marks apically enriched recycling endosomes and is required for apical exocytosis of microsporidian spore-containing compartments. It is also needed, together with RAB-5, for the vesicle trafficking that repairs the intestinal plasma membrane after attack by the pore-forming toxin Cry5B, and its knockdown makes animals hypersensitive to the toxin. Loss of function causes embryonic lethality.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000139 Golgi membrane | EXP PMID:18765566 Rab11 is required for synchronous secretion of chondroitin p... | ACCEPT | Summary: Golgi membrane localization of GFP::RAB-11 in oocytes, per UniProt citing this paper. Reason: The cached abstract does not describe the Golgi signal, but UniProt cites this paper for Golgi apparatus membrane localization in growing oocytes and the later REI-1 study confirms RAB-11 on late-Golgi membranes. Rab11 at the trans-Golgi is conserved. Deferring to the curator on an experimental row whose full text is not cached. Supporting Evidence: file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Localizes to recycling endosomes and Golgi apparatus membrane in growing oocytes PMID:26506309 REI-1 is expressed in the germline and co-localizes with RAB-11 on the late-Golgi membranes |
| GO:0000139 Golgi membrane | EXP PMID:26506309 REI-1 Is a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Regulating RAB... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAB-11 co-localizes with its GEF REI-1 on late-Golgi membranes in embryos. Reason: Direct localization, and the Golgi is where REI-1 activates RAB-11; loss of REI-1 removes RAB-11 from the late Golgi. This is a functional site of the GTPase, not just a passing location. Supporting Evidence: PMID:26506309 REI-1 is expressed in the germline and co-localizes with RAB-11 on the late-Golgi membranes PMID:26506309 The loss of REI-1 specifically impaired the targeting of RAB-11 to the late-Golgi compartment and the recycling endosomes in embryos |
| GO:0000139 Golgi membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: UniProt SubCell mapping of Golgi apparatus membrane. Reason: Consistent with the two experimental rows (PMID:18765566, PMID:26506309) on which the UniProt subcellular location is based. Supporting Evidence: file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Localizes to recycling endosomes and Golgi apparatus membrane in growing oocytes PMID:26506309 REI-1 is expressed in the germline and co-localizes with RAB-11 on the late-Golgi membranes |
| GO:0000281 mitotic cytokinesis | IMP PMID:18765566 Rab11 is required for synchronous secretion of chondroitin p... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAB-11 depletion causes cytokinesis defects in early embryos. Reason: RAB-11 is needed for completion of cytokinesis: embryos lacking RAB-11 fail the first division, and REI-1-dependent delivery of RAB-11 to the cleavage furrow is needed for timely cytokinesis. The GTPase acts in membrane delivery to the furrow, which is a component step of cytokinesis, so this is participation and not only necessity. Part of the defect may be secondary to failed eggshell/ECM secretion, as the abstract notes, but the furrow localization supports a direct role. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18765566 cytokinesis defects in early embryos are commonly observed after depletion of either rab-11 or syn-4 PMID:18385514 All embryos lacking the transgene failed cytokinesis at the first division PMID:26506309 further reduced the RAB-11 distribution to the cleavage furrow, which resulted in cytokinesis delay |
| GO:0003924 GTPase activity | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | MODIFY | Summary: Phylogenetic inference of GTPase activity from the Rab11 PAINT node. Reason: RAB-11.1 is a Rab11 subfamily GTPase with conserved P-loop and switch residues; GTP hydrolysis is the intrinsic activity that ends the Rab switch cycle. The IBA node placement is uncontroversial for a canonical Rab. No direct hydrolysis assay on the worm protein exists, but the GEF study shows a normal nucleotide cycle (GDP-form binds REI-1). The term is correct but general; it is refined to its is_a child G protein activity (GO:0003925), the informative MF for a Rab GTPase switch. Propagation Review Root cause: TERM SCOPING PROBLEM Failure modes: GRANULARITY MISMATCH Sources checked: PANTHER:PTN004663565 SUPPORTS TRANSFER The Rab node's GTPase activity transfers correctly; only the term granularity is refined. Proposed replacements: G protein activity Supporting Evidence: file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt The GDP-form preferentially binds to rei-1 and rei-2. |
| GO:0003924 GTPase activity | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | MODIFY | Summary: InterPro small GTPase domain mapping to GTPase activity. Reason: Correct; consistent with the family assignment and the IBA row. The term is correct but general; it is refined to its is_a child G protein activity (GO:0003925), the informative MF for a Rab GTPase switch. Proposed replacements: G protein activity Supporting Evidence: file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. |
| GO:0003924 GTPase activity | TAS PMID:10508579 Cell division: plant-like properties of animal cell cytokine... | MODIFY | Summary: Traceable author statement from a 1999 Curr Biol dispatch on syntaxin and cytokinesis. Reason: The cached abstract does not mention RAB-11 and the full text is not cached, so the statement cannot be checked against the source. The claim itself (Rab GTPase activity) is correct on family grounds and matches the IBA and IEA rows, so the row is kept consistent with them. The term is correct but general; it is refined to its is_a child G protein activity (GO:0003925), the informative MF for a Rab GTPase switch. Proposed replacements: G protein activity Supporting Evidence: file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form |
| GO:0005525 GTP binding | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Phylogenetic inference of GTP binding. Reason: GTP binding is intrinsic to the Rab switch; the GTP-binding residues are annotated by similarity to human RAB11A, and REI-1 acts on the GDP-bound form, implying a normal nucleotide exchange cycle. Supporting Evidence: file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt The GDP-form preferentially binds to rei-1 and rei-2. PMID:26506309 they exhibited strong GEF activity toward Rab11 in vitro |
| GO:0005525 GTP binding | IEA GO_REF:0000002 | ACCEPT | Summary: InterPro mapping to GTP binding. Reason: Correct; consistent with the family and the IBA row. Supporting Evidence: file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. |
| GO:0005525 GTP binding | TAS PMID:10508579 Cell division: plant-like properties of animal cell cytokine... | ACCEPT | Summary: Traceable author statement of GTP binding from a 1999 dispatch. Reason: Source not verifiable from the cached abstract, but the claim is correct on family grounds and matches the IBA and IEA rows. Supporting Evidence: file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form |
| GO:0005768 endosome | EXP PMID:19158384 RACK-1 directs dynactin-dependent RAB-11 endosomal recycling... | MODIFY | Summary: RAB-11-labelled endosomes recruited to the pericentrosomal region by RACK-1 and dynactin. Reason: The endosomes in this study are explicitly recycling endosomes. endosome is correct but less specific than the evidence; recycling endosome (GO:0055037), which the gene already carries by IBA and IDA, is the supported term. Proposed replacements: recycling endosome Supporting Evidence: PMID:19158384 the recruitment of RAB-11-labeled recycling endosomes to the pericentrosomal region and spindle |
| GO:0005768 endosome | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | MODIFY | Summary: UniProt SubCell mapping of Endosome. Reason: Correct but general; all experimental localization of RAB-11.1 to endosomes is to recycling endosomes. Replace with recycling endosome (GO:0055037), already on the gene. Proposed replacements: recycling endosome Supporting Evidence: PMID:18385514 RAB-11 is a small GTPase enriched in recycling endosomes. PMID:19158384 the recruitment of RAB-11-labeled recycling endosomes to the pericentrosomal region and spindle |
| GO:0005794 Golgi apparatus | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Phylogenetic inference that Rab11 orthologs act at the Golgi apparatus. Reason: Golgi apparatus is a root organelle term, kept per the organelle policy. The IBA rests on yeast Ypt31/32, fly Rab11, human RAB11A and the worm protein itself, all with trans-Golgi/TGN roles. For RAB-11.1 the claim holds: it co-localizes with REI-1 on late-Golgi membranes and its GEF acts there, and the sub-compartment is already captured by the experimental Golgi trans cisterna membrane and Golgi membrane rows. Supporting Evidence: PMID:26506309 REI-1 is expressed in the germline and co-localizes with RAB-11 on the late-Golgi membranes PMID:26506309 The loss of REI-1 specifically impaired the targeting of RAB-11 to the late-Golgi compartment and the recycling endosomes in embryos |
| GO:0005813 centrosome | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: UniProt SubCell mapping of centrosome. Reason: The underlying observation is RAB-11-positive recycling endosomes clustered around centrosomes in the early embryo, recruited by RACK-1/dynactin. That is a pericentrosomal endosome population, not RAB-11 as part of the centrosome. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18385514 The GFP signal localized to cytoplasmic puncta, around centrosomes, and at the periphery of the mitotic spindle PMID:19158384 the recruitment of RAB-11-labeled recycling endosomes to the pericentrosomal region and spindle file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-deep-research-manual.md Interpretation: centrosome/spindle signals are recycling endosomes clustered near |
| GO:0005819 spindle | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | MARK AS OVER ANNOTATED | Summary: UniProt SubCell mapping of spindle. Reason: RAB-11::GFP is seen at the periphery of the mitotic spindle on endosomal puncta that overlap with the perispindle ER. The protein is on membranes near the spindle, not a spindle component. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18385514 The GFP signal localized to cytoplasmic puncta, around centrosomes, and at the periphery of the mitotic spindle PMID:19158384 the recruitment of RAB-11-labeled recycling endosomes to the pericentrosomal region and spindle file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-deep-research-manual.md Interpretation: centrosome/spindle signals are recycling endosomes clustered near |
| GO:0005829 cytosol | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: UniProt SubCell mapping of cytosol. Reason: GFP::RAB-11 is largely cytosolic in intestinal cells, which fits the GDI-bound inactive pool of a Rab. True, but the active GTPase works on membranes. Supporting Evidence: PMID:24843160 GFP::RAB-11 is still apically enriched, is primarily cytosolic, and is excluded from pathogen tissue |
| GO:0006887 exocytosis | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Phylogenetic inference of exocytosis for Rab11 orthologs. Reason: RAB-11.1 drives several exocytic routes in the worm: cortical granule exocytosis after fertilization, fusion of apical spore-containing compartments with the intestinal plasma membrane, and recycling to the oocyte surface. Only the first has a specific GO term (already on the gene); exocytosis is the right level for the conserved family claim that spans these routes. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18765566 the small GTPase RAB-11 and the target-SNARE SYN-4 are required for cortical granule excoytosis after fertilization PMID:24843160 RAB-11 localizes to apical spores, is required for spore-containing compartments to fuse with the apical plasma membrane, and is required for spore exit |
| GO:0006898 receptor-mediated endocytosis | IMP PMID:10588660 Receptor-mediated endocytosis in the Caenorhabditis elegans ... | MODIFY | Summary: rab-11 RNAi reduces yolk uptake into oocytes and mislocalizes the yolk receptor RME-2. Reason: The authors interpret the phenotype as a receptor recycling defect, and the effect on uptake was milder than for clathrin or rab-5. RAB-11 does not perform internalization; it returns receptors from recycling endosomes to the surface, so uptake falls indirectly. The process RAB-11 does work in is endocytic recycling (GO:0032456), which is supported independently by the oocyte VAB-1 and GBF-1 studies. Proposed replacements: endocytic recycling Supporting Evidence: PMID:10588660 The Ce-rab11 (RNAi) phenotype was consistent with a role for receptor recycling in yolk endocytosis: YP170::GFP uptake was reduced, and RME-2 localization was altered. PMID:10588660 Ce-rab11 RNAi had a milder effect on endocytosis by the oocyte. PMID:23840591 RAB-11.1, which is the Rab GTPase essential for recycling from endosomes to the plasma membrane was not affected by the reduction of GBF-1 |
| GO:0009792 embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching | IMP PMID:10588660 Receptor-mediated endocytosis in the Caenorhabditis elegans ... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: RNAi of rab-11 causes embryonic lethality. Reason: Embryonic lethality reflects the combined loss of eggshell secretion, cytokinesis and spindle alignment. RAB-11 is required for embryogenesis but contributes through its cellular trafficking roles; the developmental term is kept as a downstream, non-core process. Supporting Evidence: PMID:10588660 Nevertheless, all embryos produced by Ce-rab11 (RNAi) hermaphrodites died before hatching. |
| GO:0016324 apical plasma membrane | EXP PMID:24843160 The small GTPase RAB-11 directs polarized exocytosis of the ... | MODIFY | Summary: GFP::RAB-11 is apically enriched in intestinal cells and coats spore compartments that fuse with the apical plasma membrane. Reason: The full text describes GFP::RAB-11 as "apically enriched, primarily cytosolic" and on spore-containing compartments at the apical face. It does not show RAB-11 resident in the apical plasma membrane; Rab11 compartments in C. elegans intestine are subapical recycling endosomes. apical part of cell (GO:0045177) states what the data show. Proposed replacements: apical part of cell Supporting Evidence: PMID:24843160 GFP::RAB-11 is still apically enriched, is primarily cytosolic, and is excluded from pathogen tissue PMID:24843160 RAB-11 localizes to apical spores, is required for spore-containing compartments to fuse with the apical plasma membrane, and is required for spore exit PMID:22634595 Apically enriched Rab11-positive recycling endosomes (Rab11-REs) are important for establishing and maintaining epithelial polarity. file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-deep-research-manual.md No study reviewed here shows RAB-11 resident in the apical plasma membrane itself. |
| GO:0016324 apical plasma membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | MODIFY | Summary: UniProt SubCell mapping of apical cell membrane. Reason: Mapped from the same observation (PMID:24843160) as the EXP row; apical enrichment is subapical and cytosolic, not plasma membrane residency. Same replacement. Proposed replacements: apical part of cell Supporting Evidence: PMID:24843160 GFP::RAB-11 is still apically enriched, is primarily cytosolic, and is excluded from pathogen tissue file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-deep-research-manual.md No study reviewed here shows RAB-11 resident in the apical plasma membrane itself. |
| GO:0030133 transport vesicle | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | MODIFY | Summary: UniProt SubCell "secretory vesicle" mapped to transport vesicle. Reason: The secretory vesicles on which RAB-11.1 is seen are cortical granules of the oocyte. GO transport vesicle is not an ancestor of cortical granule, so the mapping lands on the wrong branch; the supported term is cortical granule (GO:0060473), already on the gene by IDA. Proposed replacements: cortical granule Supporting Evidence: PMID:18765566 GFP::RAB-11 accumulates transiently on the cortical granules during ovulation, immediately prior to fertilization |
| GO:0030703 eggshell formation | IMP PMID:18765566 Rab11 is required for synchronous secretion of chondroitin p... | KEEP AS NON CORE | Summary: rab-11 depletion gives permeable, defective eggshells. Reason: RAB-11 contributes by driving exocytosis of cortical granules that carry chondroitin proteoglycans into the eggshell; the eggshell assembly itself is done by the secreted cargo. Kept as a downstream process of the core cortical granule exocytosis activity. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18765566 the small GTPase RAB-11 and the target-SNARE SYN-4 are required for cortical granule excoytosis after fertilization PMID:18765566 delivering essential chondroitin proteoglycans and mucin-like glycoproteins to the early embryonic extracellular matrices (ECMs) |
| GO:0055037 recycling endosome | IBA GO_REF:0000033 | ACCEPT | Summary: Phylogenetic inference that Rab11 orthologs act at recycling endosomes. Reason: Core location; supported by multiple direct localization studies in oocytes, embryos and intestine. The worm protein appears among the IBA sources because it has its own experimental annotation. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18385514 RAB-11 is a small GTPase enriched in recycling endosomes. PMID:18472420 VAB-1::GFP localization to the RAB-11-positive endocytic-recycling compartment is independent of ephrins PMID:22634595 Apically enriched Rab11-positive recycling endosomes (Rab11-REs) are important for establishing and maintaining epithelial polarity. |
| GO:0055037 recycling endosome | IDA PMID:17704769 Genome-wide analysis identifies a general requirement for po... | ACCEPT | Summary: Recycling endosome localization from the genome-wide endocytic traffic screen. Reason: The cached abstract is about CDC-42 on recycling endosomes; RAB-11 is presumably the recycling endosome marker in the full text, which is not cached. The localization is independently well supported, so the experimental row is kept. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18385514 RAB-11 is a small GTPase enriched in recycling endosomes. PMID:23840591 RAB11.1::GFP labeled recycling endosomes reached the plasma membrane normally in gbf-1(RNAi) oocytes compared to control oocytes |
| GO:0055038 recycling endosome membrane | EXP PMID:18385514 RAB-11 permissively regulates spindle alignment by modulatin... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAB-11 on recycling endosome membranes. Reason: Core location of the active GTPase; directly shown or used as the defining marker in this study, and consistent with Rab11 geranylgeranyl membrane anchoring. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18385514 RAB-11 is a small GTPase enriched in recycling endosomes. |
| GO:0055038 recycling endosome membrane | EXP PMID:18472420 Regulated trafficking of the MSP/Eph receptor during oocyte ... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAB-11 on recycling endosome membranes. Reason: Core location of the active GTPase; directly shown or used as the defining marker in this study, and consistent with Rab11 geranylgeranyl membrane anchoring. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18472420 VAB-1::GFP localization to the RAB-11-positive endocytic-recycling compartment is independent of ephrins |
| GO:0055038 recycling endosome membrane | EXP PMID:18765566 Rab11 is required for synchronous secretion of chondroitin p... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAB-11 on recycling endosome membranes. Reason: Core location of the active GTPase; directly shown or used as the defining marker in this study, and consistent with Rab11 geranylgeranyl membrane anchoring. Supporting Evidence: file:worm/rab-11.1/rab-11.1-uniprot.txt Localizes to recycling endosomes and Golgi apparatus membrane in growing oocytes |
| GO:0055038 recycling endosome membrane | EXP PMID:22634595 Caenorhabditis elegans screen reveals role of PAR-5 in RAB-1... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAB-11 on recycling endosome membranes. Reason: Core location of the active GTPase; directly shown or used as the defining marker in this study, and consistent with Rab11 geranylgeranyl membrane anchoring. Supporting Evidence: PMID:22634595 Apically enriched Rab11-positive recycling endosomes (Rab11-REs) are important for establishing and maintaining epithelial polarity. |
| GO:0055038 recycling endosome membrane | EXP PMID:26506309 REI-1 Is a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Regulating RAB... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAB-11 on recycling endosome membranes. Reason: Core location of the active GTPase; directly shown or used as the defining marker in this study, and consistent with Rab11 geranylgeranyl membrane anchoring. Supporting Evidence: PMID:26506309 The loss of REI-1 specifically impaired the targeting of RAB-11 to the late-Golgi compartment and the recycling endosomes in embryos |
| GO:0055038 recycling endosome membrane | IEA GO_REF:0000044 | ACCEPT | Summary: UniProt SubCell mapping of recycling endosome membrane. Reason: Consistent with the five experimental rows. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18385514 RAB-11 is a small GTPase enriched in recycling endosomes. |
| GO:0060471 cortical granule exocytosis | IMP PMID:18765566 Rab11 is required for synchronous secretion of chondroitin p... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAB-11 is required for cortical granule exocytosis after fertilization. Reason: A core, directly supported activity: RAB-11 accumulates on cortical granules just before fertilization and, with the t-SNARE SYN-4, is required for their exocytosis. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18765566 the small GTPase RAB-11 and the target-SNARE SYN-4 are required for cortical granule excoytosis after fertilization PMID:18765566 GFP::RAB-11 accumulates transiently on the cortical granules during ovulation, immediately prior to fertilization |
| GO:0060473 cortical granule | IDA PMID:18765566 Rab11 is required for synchronous secretion of chondroitin p... | ACCEPT | Summary: GFP::RAB-11 accumulates on cortical granules during ovulation. Reason: Direct localization on the vesicles whose exocytosis it controls. Supporting Evidence: PMID:18765566 GFP::RAB-11 accumulates transiently on the cortical granules during ovulation, immediately prior to fertilization |
| GO:0061796 obsolete membrane addition at site of mitotic cytokinesis | IMP PMID:11378383 Completion of cytokinesis in C. elegans requires a brefeldin... | MODIFY | Summary: Obsolete term (membrane addition at site of mitotic cytokinesis). Reason: GO:0061796 is obsolete (QuickGO: pre-composed term, consider exocytosis). The cached abstract of PMID:11378383 reports the brefeldin A experiments only; RAB-11 RNAi data presumably come from the full text, which is not cached. RAB-11 delivers membrane to the cleavage furrow and is required to complete cytokinesis, so the claim is retained as mitotic cytokinesis (GO:0000281), which the gene already carries by IMP. Proposed replacements: mitotic cytokinesis Supporting Evidence: PMID:18385514 All embryos lacking the transgene failed cytokinesis at the first division PMID:26506309 further reduced the RAB-11 distribution to the cleavage furrow, which resulted in cytokinesis delay |
| GO:1990676 Golgi trans cisterna membrane | IDA PMID:26506309 REI-1 Is a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Regulating RAB... | ACCEPT | Summary: RAB-11 co-localizes with REI-1 on late-Golgi (trans cisterna) membranes. Reason: Direct co-localization with its GEF on late-Golgi membranes, where REI-1 targets and presumably activates RAB-11. Supporting Evidence: PMID:26506309 REI-1 is expressed in the germline and co-localizes with RAB-11 on the late-Golgi membranes PMID:26506309 The loss of REI-1 specifically impaired the targeting of RAB-11 to the late-Golgi compartment and the recycling endosomes in embryos |
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Download this section (compressed HTML)Q: Which RAB-11.1 effectors (FIP-family, exocyst, myosin V homologs) mediate cortical granule tethering versus recycling-endosome delivery to the furrow, and are they shared?
Q: Is the spindle alignment and astral microtubule length phenotype of rab-11 RNAi a direct trafficking effect (e.g. delivery of a cortical force-generator component) or secondary to ER and polarity defects?
Q: How much of the embryonic cytokinesis failure is direct membrane delivery versus a consequence of the eggshell/ECM defect from failed cortical granule exocytosis?
Q: Do RAB-11.1 and RAB-11.2 have distinct functions, given that rab-11.2 RNAi also lowers RAB-11.1 levels?
Experiment: Separate direct cytokinesis roles from eggshell defects by depleting rab-11.1 after eggshell formation (auxin-inducible degron in permeabilized embryos) and scoring furrow membrane addition and abscission.
Experiment: Measure intrinsic and GAP-stimulated GTP hydrolysis of recombinant RAB-11.1 and test GTP-locked (Q70L) and GDP-locked (S25N) mutants for rescue of cortical granule exocytosis and RME-2 recycling.
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Download this section (compressed HTML)rab-11.1 encodes a small GTPase homologous to the Rab GTPases that function in endocytosis, membrane fusion, and vesicular trafficking events; RAB-11.1 activity is required for completion of the final stages of cytokinesis during early embryogenesis and for efficient uptake of yolk proteins during oocyte development; RAB-11.1 is also required for normal peripheral localization of nuclei in the synctial germ cell in the ovary and for regulated secretion of CAV-1-containing cortical granules following fertilization; RAB-11.1 localizes to recycling endosomes and to cortical granules.
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