rps-23

UniProt ID: Q19877
Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
Review Status: COMPLETE
📝 Provide Detailed Feedback

Gene Description

rps-23 (F28D1.7) encodes the Caenorhabditis elegans small ribosomal subunit protein uS12 (40S ribosomal protein S23), a member of the universal uS12 family. uS12 is a core protein of the cytosolic 40S subunit that sits on the subunit-interface side close to the decoding centre, and it is resolved in the cryo-EM structure of the C. elegans 80S ribosome. As a structural constituent of the ribosome it contributes to cytoplasmic mRNA translation in the cytosol, including on ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Pro62 is predicted, by similarity, to carry a hydroxyproline modification. Homozygous null mutants complete embryogenesis on maternally supplied ribosomes but arrest as L1 larvae, heterozygotes show reduced RPS-23 protein with altered mitochondrial morphology, and RNAi depletion causes sterility, all consistent with loss of general translation capacity.

Existing Annotations Review

GO Term Evidence Action Reason
GO:0002181 cytoplasmic translation
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		ACCEPT
Summary: uS12 is a structural component of the cytosolic 40S subunit and takes part in cytoplasmic translation; transferred from human RPS23.
Reason: As a core 40S protein at the decoding centre, uS12 does part of the work of translation rather than merely being required for it. The worm protein is a one-to-one ortholog of human RPS23 (eukaryote/archaea uS12 signature) and is modelled in the C. elegans 80S structure from purified cytosolic ribosomes. Null mutants arrest at L1 once maternal ribosomes are depleted, consistent with this role.
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
DR InterPro; IPR005680; Ribosomal_uS12_euk_arc.
PMID:39209556
We purified ribosomes from C. elegans via sucrose gradient fractionation.
PMID:39209556
We also modeled the ribosomal proteins, with the exceptions of those bound to the P- and L-stalks (uL10/P0, P1, P2, uL1, uL11), eL28, and RACK-1
GO:0003735 structural constituent of ribosome
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		ACCEPT
Summary: uS12 is a core protein of the small ribosomal subunit; structural constituent of ribosome is its defining molecular function.
Reason: The PAINT node PTN000182999 spans the uS12 family (bacterial S12 and eukaryotic donors) and the worm protein lies inside it. Family membership and the C. elegans 80S cryo-EM structure, in which uS12 is among the modelled proteins, support this term.
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
PMID:39209556
We also modeled the ribosomal proteins, with the exceptions of those bound to the P- and L-stalks (uL10/P0, P1, P2, uL1, uL11), eL28, and RACK-1
GO:0003735 structural constituent of ribosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 		ACCEPT
Summary: uS12 is a core protein of the small ribosomal subunit; structural constituent of ribosome is its defining molecular function.
Reason: InterPro2GO mapping from uS12 signatures is consistent with the IBA row, family membership and the C. elegans ribosome structure.
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
PMID:39209556
We also modeled the ribosomal proteins, with the exceptions of those bound to the P- and L-stalks (uL10/P0, P1, P2, uL1, uL11), eL28, and RACK-1
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 		MODIFY
Summary: Cytoplasmic location from the UniProt subcellular-location mapping; correct but less specific than cytosol.
Reason: Mature uS12 functions in cytosolic 80S ribosomes (eukaryote/archaea uS12 signature; cytosolic ribosomes purified for the C. elegans structure), so cytosol, which the gene already carries, is the supported more specific location; the complex itself is captured by cytosolic small ribosomal subunit.
Proposed replacements: cytosol
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
DR InterPro; IPR005680; Ribosomal_uS12_euk_arc.
PMID:39209556
We purified ribosomes from C. elegans via sucrose gradient fractionation.
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		MODIFY
Summary: Cytoplasmic location transferred from human RPS23; correct but less specific than cytosol.
Reason: Same claim as the IEA cytoplasm row; the mature protein acts in cytosolic ribosomes, so cytosol is the more specific supported term.
Proposed replacements: cytosol
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
DR InterPro; IPR005680; Ribosomal_uS12_euk_arc.
PMID:39209556
We purified ribosomes from C. elegans via sucrose gradient fractionation.
GO:0005791 rough endoplasmic reticulum
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Rough ER location mapped from the UniProt subcellular-location statement, itself transferred from dog RPS23 detected in ER-bound ribosomes.
Reason: 80S ribosomes engaged in co-translational targeting dock on the ER translocon, so a 40S protein is found at the rough ER as part of membrane-bound ribosomes. The claim is plausible by orthology but has no C. elegans data and reflects where a subset of ribosomes sit rather than a distinct activity of uS12, so it is kept as non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
Detected in ribosomes that are associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity).
GO:0005791 rough endoplasmic reticulum
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		KEEP AS NON CORE
Summary: Rough ER location transferred from dog RPS23 (Q6SA96), detected in ER-associated ribosomes.
Reason: Same claim as the IEA rough ER row; plausible by orthology as part of ER-bound ribosomes, non-core.
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
Detected in ribosomes that are associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity).
GO:0005829 cytosol
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 		ACCEPT
Summary: Cytosol is where the mature 40S subunit containing uS12 carries out translation.
Reason: uS12 is a cytosolic (not mitochondrial) ribosomal protein, carrying the eukaryote/archaea uS12 signature, and is modelled in cytosolic 80S ribosomes purified from C. elegans.
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
DR InterPro; IPR005680; Ribosomal_uS12_euk_arc.
PMID:39209556
We purified ribosomes from C. elegans via sucrose gradient fractionation.
GO:0005840 ribosome
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		MODIFY
Summary: Ribosome location inherited from the family-wide uS12 node; correct but general.
Reason: The family-wide node (which includes bacterial S12 and mitochondrial uS12 donors such as O15235) can only assert ribosome; the worm protein carries the eukaryote/archaea uS12 signature and is a cytosolic 40S protein, and the gene already carries cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (IBA, ISS), the more informative replacement.
Propagation Review
Root cause: TERM SCOPING PROBLEM
Failure modes: GRANULARITY MISMATCH
Sources checked:
PANTHER:PTN000182999 SUPPORTS TRANSFER
Node covers bacterial, mitochondrial and cytosolic uS12, so it is placed at the general ribosome level; the worm protein is inside it and the transfer is sound, only less specific than the eukaryotic subnode PTN000183001 already used for cytosolic small ribosomal subunit.
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
DR InterPro; IPR005680; Ribosomal_uS12_euk_arc.
PMID:39209556
We also modeled the ribosomal proteins, with the exceptions of those bound to the P- and L-stalks (uL10/P0, P1, P2, uL1, uL11), eL28, and RACK-1
GO:0005840 ribosome
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 		MODIFY
Summary: Ribosome location from the family-wide uS12 InterPro entry; correct but general.
Reason: IPR006032 covers all uS12 proteins including organellar ones; the eukaryote/archaea signature IPR005680 identifies a cytosolic 40S protein, so cytosolic small ribosomal subunit, already carried by the gene, is the more specific replacement.
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
DR InterPro; IPR005680; Ribosomal_uS12_euk_arc.
PMID:39209556
We also modeled the ribosomal proteins, with the exceptions of those bound to the P- and L-stalks (uL10/P0, P1, P2, uL1, uL11), eL28, and RACK-1
GO:0006412 translation
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		MODIFY
Summary: uS12 participates in translation as a structural ribosomal protein; the specific process is cytoplasmic translation.
Reason: Translation is correct but general. RPS-23 is a cytosolic (not mitochondrial) ribosomal protein, so the supported descendant is cytoplasmic translation, which the gene already carries (ISS).
Propagation Review
Root cause: TERM SCOPING PROBLEM
Failure modes: GRANULARITY MISMATCH
Sources checked:
PANTHER:PTN000182999 SUPPORTS TRANSFER
Family-wide uS12 node; the transfer is sound but the term is general because the node also covers bacterial and organellar uS12. For the worm cytosolic protein the specific process is cytoplasmic translation.
Proposed replacements: cytoplasmic translation
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
DR InterPro; IPR005680; Ribosomal_uS12_euk_arc.
PMID:39209556
We purified ribosomes from C. elegans via sucrose gradient fractionation.
GO:0006412 translation
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 		MODIFY
Summary: uS12 participates in translation as a structural ribosomal protein; the specific process is cytoplasmic translation.
Reason: Same claim as the IBA translation row; the cytosolic 40S protein supports the more specific cytoplasmic translation.
Proposed replacements: cytoplasmic translation
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
DR InterPro; IPR005680; Ribosomal_uS12_euk_arc.
PMID:39209556
We purified ribosomes from C. elegans via sucrose gradient fractionation.
GO:0015935 small ribosomal subunit
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 		MODIFY
Summary: Small ribosomal subunit from InterPro; correct but less specific than cytosolic small ribosomal subunit.
Reason: The eukaryote/archaea uS12 signature (IPR005680) identifies a cytosolic 40S protein; the gene already carries the more specific cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (IBA, ISS), which is the appropriate replacement.
Supporting Evidence:
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
DR InterPro; IPR005680; Ribosomal_uS12_euk_arc.
PMID:39209556
We also modeled the ribosomal proteins, with the exceptions of those bound to the P- and L-stalks (uL10/P0, P1, P2, uL1, uL11), eL28, and RACK-1
GO:0022627 cytosolic small ribosomal subunit
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 		ACCEPT
Summary: uS12 is a component of the cytosolic 40S ribosomal subunit.
Reason: PAINT node PTN000183001 covers eukaryotic cytosolic uS12; the worm protein is inside it and is modelled in the C. elegans 80S cryo-EM structure from purified cytosolic ribosomes.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:39209556
We also modeled the ribosomal proteins, with the exceptions of those bound to the P- and L-stalks (uL10/P0, P1, P2, uL1, uL11), eL28, and RACK-1
PMID:39209556
We purified ribosomes from C. elegans via sucrose gradient fractionation.
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit.
GO:0022627 cytosolic small ribosomal subunit
ISS
GO_REF:0000024 		ACCEPT
Summary: uS12 is a component of the cytosolic 40S ribosomal subunit; transferred from human RPS23.
Reason: Consistent with the IBA row, family membership and the C. elegans ribosome structure.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:39209556
We also modeled the ribosomal proteins, with the exceptions of those bound to the P- and L-stalks (uL10/P0, P1, P2, uL1, uL11), eL28, and RACK-1
PMID:39209556
We purified ribosomes from C. elegans via sucrose gradient fractionation.
file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit.

Core Functions

Structural constituent of the cytosolic 40S ribosomal subunit (uS12), located at the subunit interface near the decoding centre, contributing to cytoplasmic mRNA translation.

Molecular Function:
structural constituent of ribosome
Directly Involved In:
cytoplasmic translation
Cellular Locations:
cytosol
In Complex:
cytosolic small ribosomal subunit
Supporting Evidence:
  • file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-uniprot.txt
    Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.
  • PMID:39209556
    We also modeled the ribosomal proteins, with the exceptions of those bound to the P- and L-stalks (uL10/P0, P1, P2, uL1, uL11), eL28, and RACK-1
  • file:worm/rps-23/rps-23-deep-research-manual.md
    Core: structural constituent of ribosome (MF); part of cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (CC); cytoplasmic translation (BP).

References

Loading supporting content…

Download this section (compressed HTML)

Suggested Questions for Experts

Q: Does uS12 in C. elegans contribute to decoding accuracy as bacterial S12 and yeast uS12 do, and would point mutations at the decoding centre alter translational fidelity in vivo?

Q: Is Pro62 of C. elegans RPS-23 hydroxylated, and by which OGFOD1/Tpa1-family prolyl hydroxylase?

Q: Why are rps-23(0) arrests rescued by inx-14 or sinh-1 knockdown when large-subunit null arrests are not; does this reflect a property of 40S loss in general or of uS12 specifically?

Suggested Experiments

Experiment: Introduce decoding-centre missense alleles of rps-23 by CRISPR and measure stop-codon readthrough and misincorporation with dual-luciferase reporters to test a role in translational fidelity.

Experiment: Mass spectrometry of RPS-23 from purified C. elegans ribosomes, with and without loss of the candidate OGFOD1 ortholog, to test Pro62 hydroxylation.

Deep Research

Manual

(rps-23-deep-research-manual.md)

Loading supporting content…

Download this section (compressed HTML)

WormBase

(rps-23-deep-research-wormbase.md)
WormBase gene description for rps-23 (worm) WormBase

WormBase gene description for rps-23 (worm)

rps-23 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S23 protein; by homology, RPS-23 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-23 activity is required for germline development, vulval morphogenesis, and the overall health of the animal.

📚 Additional Documentation

Notes

(rps-23-notes.md)

Loading supporting content…

Download this section (compressed HTML)

📄 View Raw YAML

Loading supporting content…

Download this section (compressed HTML)