CCT7 encodes the eta subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin-containing T-complex/TRiC. Cct7 is one of eight distinct CCT subunits in each ring of the hetero-oligomeric double-ring chaperonin and contributes ATP binding/hydrolysis and subunit-specific surfaces to the complex-level ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone activity. The mature TRiC/CCT complex folds actin, tubulin, and other cytosolic clients. Therefore, CCT7 should be curated as a core component of the cytosolic CCT complex rather than as a stand-alone generic unfolded protein binding factor.
| GO Term | Evidence | Action | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
|
GO:0006457
protein folding
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: IBA protein folding is consistent with CCT/TRiC chaperonin function.
Reason: CCT7 contributes to the ATP-dependent protein folding activity of the CCT complex.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16762366
Yeast CCT catalyses the folding of yeast ACT1p and human beta-actin.
file:yeast/CCT7/CCT7-deep-research-falcon.md
CCT7 encodes a TRiC/CCT subunit whose primary function is ATP-dependent folding of cytosolic client proteins.
|
|
GO:0005832
chaperonin-containing T-complex
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Phylogenetic inference is correct; Cct7 is a CCT/TRiC subunit.
Reason: Complex membership is central to CCT7 function.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15704212
Eukaryotic chaperonins, the Cct complexes, are assembled into two rings, each of...which is composed of a stoichiometric array of eight different subunits...Cct1p-Cct8p.
|
|
GO:0051082
unfolded protein binding
|
IBA
GO_REF:0000033 |
MODIFY |
Summary: The term is broadly related to chaperonin function but less precise than ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone.
Reason: CCT7 functions through the assembled ATP-dependent chaperonin complex rather than generic unfolded protein binding. The replacement annotation should use the contributes_to qualifier, as CCT7 is a subunit that contributes to complex-level ATP-dependent folding activity rather than having the activity independently.
Proposed replacements:
ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16762366
binding pre-equilibrium...followed by a faster ATP-driven processing to...native actin
|
|
GO:0000166
nucleotide binding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000043 |
MODIFY |
Summary: Nucleotide binding is true but overly broad for the CCT ATPase fold.
Reason: ATP binding is the more specific nucleotide-binding annotation already present.
Proposed replacements:
ATP binding
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/CCT7/CCT7-deep-research-falcon.md
TRiC subunits contain equatorial ATP-binding domains and undergo ATP-driven conformational cycling.
|
|
GO:0005524
ATP binding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ATP binding is consistent with the conserved CCT chaperonin ATPase domain.
Reason: ATP binding is required for the conformational cycle of CCT/TRiC.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/CCT7/CCT7-deep-research-falcon.md
ATP binding and hydrolysis drive TRiC open/closed conformational changes.
|
|
GO:0005737
cytoplasm
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000044 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Cytoplasmic localization is correct for the CCT/TRiC chaperonin.
Reason: CCT/TRiC is the eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16762366
This purified yeast CCT was used for a novel...quantitative actin-folding assay
|
|
GO:0005832
chaperonin-containing T-complex
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000117 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ARBA electronic annotation is consistent with direct complex membership evidence.
Reason: CCT7 is a core subunit of the chaperonin-containing T-complex.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15704212
Cct complexes, are assembled into two rings...Cct1p-Cct8p.
|
|
GO:0006457
protein folding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Electronic protein folding annotation is consistent with experimental CCT function.
Reason: CCT7 contributes to complex-level protein folding.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16762366
Yeast CCT catalyses the...folding of yeast ACT1p and human beta-actin
|
|
GO:0016887
ATP hydrolysis activity
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is consistent with the conserved CCT chaperonin cycle.
Reason: ATP hydrolysis drives the CCT/TRiC conformational cycle for client folding.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16762366
binding pre-equilibrium...followed by a faster ATP-driven processing to...native actin
|
|
GO:0051082
unfolded protein binding
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000120 |
MODIFY |
Summary: Broad unfolded protein binding is less precise than ATP-dependent chaperone activity.
Reason: GO:0140662 better represents the CCT/TRiC complex-level function. The replacement annotation should use the contributes_to qualifier, as CCT7 is a subunit that contributes to complex-level ATP-dependent folding activity rather than having the activity independently.
Proposed replacements:
ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16762366
binding pre-equilibrium...followed by a faster ATP-driven processing to...native actin
|
|
GO:0140662
ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
|
IEA
GO_REF:0000002 |
ACCEPT |
Summary: This is the most informative MF term for the assembled CCT/TRiC machine.
Reason: CCT7 contributes to ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone activity as a complex subunit.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16762366
The eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin CCT is an essential ATP-dependent protein folding machine.
|
|
GO:0006457
protein folding
|
IDA
PMID:16762366 Quantitative actin folding reactions using yeast CCT purifie... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Direct biochemical evidence with purified yeast CCT supports protein folding.
Reason: The purified CCT complex catalyzes actin folding in vitro.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16762366
Yeast CCT catalyses the folding of yeast ACT1p and human beta-actin with nearly identical rate constants and yields.
|
|
GO:0005737
cytoplasm
|
HDA
PMID:11914276 Subcellular localization of the yeast proteome. |
ACCEPT |
Summary: High-throughput cytoplasmic localization is consistent with CCT/TRiC biology.
Reason: CCT is a cytosolic/cytoplasmic chaperonin complex.
Supporting Evidence:
file:yeast/CCT7/CCT7-deep-research-falcon.md
Group II TRiC/CCT is classically described as cytosolic.
|
|
GO:0005832
chaperonin-containing T-complex
|
IPI
PMID:15704212 Physiological effects of unassembled chaperonin Cct subunits... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Interaction evidence supports Cct7 as part of the CCT complex.
Reason: CCT7 function depends on the assembled hetero-oligomeric chaperonin.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:15704212
Cct complexes, are assembled into two rings...Cct1p-Cct8p.
|
|
GO:0005832
chaperonin-containing T-complex
|
IDA
PMID:16762366 Quantitative actin folding reactions using yeast CCT purifie... |
ACCEPT |
Summary: Purified yeast CCT complex evidence supports complex membership.
Reason: Cct7 is one subunit of the functional yeast CCT/TRiC folding machine.
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16762366
An efficient purification...protocol for CCT from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been developed.
|
|
GO:0051082
unfolded protein binding
|
IDA
PMID:16762366 Quantitative actin folding reactions using yeast CCT purifie... |
MODIFY |
Summary: The experiment supports substrate binding during CCT-mediated folding, but the generic term is less specific.
Reason: Replace with ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone to capture the CCT complex mechanism. The replacement annotation should use the contributes_to qualifier, as CCT7 is a subunit that contributes to complex-level ATP-dependent folding activity rather than having the activity independently.
Proposed replacements:
ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
Supporting Evidence:
PMID:16762366
controlled CCT-actin folding assay are...consistent with a model where CCT and Ac(I) are in a binding pre-equilibrium...ATP-driven processing to...native actin
|
Q: Should CCT subunit annotations to GO:0051082 be replaced by GO:0140662 with contributes_to semantics for individual subunits?
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template_variables:
organism: yeast
gene_id: CCT7
gene_symbol: CCT7
uniprot_accession: P42943
protein_description: 'RecName: Full=T-complex protein 1 subunit eta; Short=TCP-1-eta;
AltName: Full=CCT-eta;'
gene_info: Name=CCT7; OrderedLocusNames=YJL111W; ORFNames=J0804;
organism_full: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast).
protein_family: Belongs to the TCP-1 chaperonin family. .
protein_domains: Chap_CCT_eta. (IPR012720); Chaperone_TCP-1. (IPR017998); Chaperonin_TCP-1_CS.
(IPR002194); Cpn60/GroEL/TCP-1. (IPR002423); GroEL-like_apical_dom_sf. (IPR027409)
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BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.
DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'CCT7' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information
Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene CCT7 (gene ID: CCT7, UniProt: P42943) in yeast.
The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.
You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.
We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.
We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.
We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.
Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.
Question: You are an expert researcher providing comprehensive, well-cited information.
Provide detailed information focusing on:
1. Key concepts and definitions with current understanding
2. Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023-2024 sources)
3. Current applications and real-world implementations
4. Expert opinions and analysis from authoritative sources
5. Relevant statistics and data from recent studies
Format as a comprehensive research report with proper citations. Include URLs and publication dates where available.
Always prioritize recent, authoritative sources and provide specific citations for all major claims.
BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.
DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'CCT7' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information
Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene CCT7 (gene ID: CCT7, UniProt: P42943) in yeast.
The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.
You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.
We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.
We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.
We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.
Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.
CCT7 encodes T-complex protein 1 subunit eta (Cct7p), one of the eight distinct subunits (CCT1–CCT8) that assemble into the eukaryotic group II chaperonin TRiC/CCT. In budding yeast, Cct7p’s primary function is ATP-dependent folding of cytosolic client proteins as part of this ~1 MDa, double-ring (16-subunit) machine. Experimental genetics demonstrate that CCT7 is essential for viability, and perturbation of its conserved ATP-binding pocket causes growth defects and proteostasis collapse (protein aggregation) and alters stress responses, consistent with impaired chaperonin activity. Recent (2023–2024) cryo-EM and biochemical studies (primarily in mammalian systems but mechanistically conserved) refine how TRiC cycles through open/closed states to fold obligate substrates (actin/tubulin) and how co-chaperones (prefoldin, PhLP2A) engage TRiC during the ATP-driven cycle, providing a modern framework for interpreting subunit contributions including CCT7.
The target in this report is yeast CCT7 (YJL111W; UniProt P42943) encoding T-complex protein 1 subunit eta, a TCP-1 chaperonin family component of TRiC/CCT. The yeast-specific experimental literature explicitly refers to CCT7 as an essential gene in S. cerevisiae and studies Cct7p as a TRiC subunit (not to be confused with human CCT7 studies, which are orthologous context only) (dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7, liu2021cryoemstudyon pages 1-4).
TRiC/CCT (TCP-1 Ring Complex / Chaperonin Containing TCP-1) is a eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin that is ATP-dependent and forms a ring-shaped, double-ring assembly. A recent review summarizes it as an ~1 MDa complex of 16 subunits arranged as two stacked rings, each ring containing eight distinct subunits (CCT1–CCT8) (que2024theroleof pages 2-4). The folding mechanism is fundamentally ATP-driven: ATP binding/hydrolysis drives conformational changes (opening/closure of the folding chamber) that encapsulate non-native substrates to limit conformational space, thereby promoting productive folding and reducing aggregation (que2024theroleof pages 2-4).
At the subunit level, TRiC subunits share a conserved chaperonin fold with three domains: equatorial (ATP-binding), intermediate, and apical (substrate-binding), which provides a structure–function rationale for why ATP-pocket mutations in Cct7p lead to proteostasis phenotypes (dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 1-4, que2024theroleof pages 2-4).
A yeast-relevant review/experimental synthesis reports a consensus TRiC ring order CCT1-4-2-5-7-8-6-3, placing CCT7 at a defined position within each ring, with evidence supporting near equal stoichiometry of the eight subunits in mature TRiC (sergeeva2019coexpressionofcct pages 1-2). This is consistent with CCT7’s role as a structural and functional component of the machine rather than a stand-alone enzyme.
Group II TRiC/CCT is classically described as cytosolic, implying that yeast Cct7p primarily functions in the cytosol as part of the TRiC complex (kabir2005physiologicaleffectsof pages 1-2). Recent broader chaperonin literature also supports potential nuclear-associated roles for TRiC/CCT (e.g., regulation of RNA polymerase II activity), but this evidence is not specific to yeast CCT7 and should be interpreted cautiously when assigning CCT7 localization/functions in budding yeast (gvozdenov2024triccctchaperoningoverns pages 33-36).
Cct7p’s primary molecular function is ATP-dependent molecular chaperone activity as part of TRiC/CCT. It does not catalyze a discrete chemical transformation; instead, it contributes to substrate binding/encapsulation and allosteric conformational cycling required for folding (que2024theroleof pages 2-4, kelly2020structuralandfunctional pages 28-35).
Because TRiC folds proteins that are difficult to fold spontaneously, its most direct pathway role is in cytosolic proteostasis, particularly folding of essential cytoskeletal proteins and other complex clients. Yeast-/TRiC-level client examples include actin and tubulin; the yeast mutant data also connect CCT activity to mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) disassembly and cell-cycle regulation through client folding/complex remodeling (liu2021cryoemstudyon pages 1-4, dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7).
Multiple sources converge on the estimate that TRiC/CCT assists folding of approximately ~10% of cytosolic proteins (often stated as “a tenth of the proteins in the cell”) (que2024theroleof pages 2-4, sergeeva2019coexpressionofcct pages 1-2). This provides a scale-of-function context for why CCT7 is essential.
A plasmid-shuffling strategy in S. cerevisiae demonstrated that CCT7 is essential: CCT7 deletant mutants do not grow on FOA plates, indicating inviability when the wild-type covering plasmid is lost (dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7). This aligns with TRiC being a core proteostasis machine required for folding essential clients.
A targeted point mutation in the conserved ATP-binding region of Cct7p (reported as G412E; mutation of the conserved GGG motif region) produced hallmark chaperonin-defect phenotypes:
Quantitative cadmium-related measures included:
* Cadmium uptake efficiency: 10.54 µg Cd/mg (mutant) vs 9.05 µg Cd/mg (WT) (dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7).
* Cadmium removal capacity: 42.75%, 46.70%, 65.17% at 16, 24, 48 h; and pH dependence (e.g., 48.97% at pH 4 vs 42.75% at pH 6) (dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7).
Mechanistically, these phenotypes are consistent with impaired ATP-driven TRiC cycling, leading to widespread client misfolding/aggregation and strong secondary effects on stress adaptation.
A yeast TRiC assembly study reported subunit-specific behaviors: when expressed individually in E. coli, CCT3/4/7/8 could not form homo-oligomeric TRiC-like rings, unlike certain other subunits. This suggests that CCT7 is not sufficient alone to build ring-like assemblies and that its productive function depends on hetero-oligomeric assembly pathways (liu2021cryoemstudyon pages 1-4). While heterologous expression is not the native context, it supports a model where subunit specialization underlies TRiC assembly and allostery.
A 2023 cryo-EM/XL-MS study (endogenous human TRiC) captured multiple substrate-engaged states across the ATPase cycle, providing quantitative mechanistic data that informs conserved TRiC principles relevant to subunits such as yeast CCT7:
Although CCT7 was not the primary contacting subunit in the reported tubulin interface summary, the study’s central insight—that TRiC folding is coordinated with ATP-driven conformational changes and specific subunit surfaces—provides a modern interpretive frame for yeast CCT7’s ATP-pocket mutation phenotypes (liu2023pathwayandmechanism pages 1-2).
Visual evidence (from this 2023 work): a cropped figure region showing TRiC architecture with labeled subunits and the folding-state pathway across the ATPase cycle is available (liu2023pathwayandmechanism media 86d3cbff, liu2023pathwayandmechanism media 483af941).
A 2024 Nature Communications study defined an ATP-driven cycle of TRiC cooperation with cochaperones prefoldin (PFD) and PhLP2A, including mechanistic steps for cofactor binding and displacement during TRiC conformational transitions (junsun2024astructuralvista pages 1-2). These findings strengthen the prevailing view that TRiC function in vivo is embedded in a multi-chaperone network, and that subunit-specific surfaces coordinate co-chaperone binding and allosteric transitions—concepts directly relevant for functional annotation of yeast subunits including CCT7 (junsun2024astructuralvista pages 1-2).
A 2024 Science paper reported that TRiC is an obligate hetero-oligomer and that variants in seven of eight subunits can impair TRiC function/assembly, causing severe neurodevelopmental phenotypes in humans (kraft2024brainmalformationsand pages 1-3). While not yeast-specific, it provides expert-level reinforcement that subunit integrity is critical and that subunits can be differentially sensitive to mutation.
A 2024 review emphasizes TRiC/CCT roles in translation-associated proteostasis, including interactions with nascent chains and broader regulatory implications for translation elongation (que2024theroleof pages 7-9). For yeast CCT7 annotation, this supports a contemporary systems-level view: TRiC is not merely a refolding machine but part of a cotranslational folding network (que2024theroleof pages 7-9).
Yeast remains a key model for dissecting TRiC function via genetics and quantitative phenotyping. The CCT7 plasmid-shuffle/point-mutation strategy illustrates how essential chaperonin subunits can be experimentally perturbed while maintaining viability, enabling mechanistic inference from growth, proteostasis, and stress phenotypes (dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7).
The CCT7 ATP-pocket mutant’s altered heavy-metal phenotypes (cadmium uptake/removal metrics) suggest that TRiC perturbations can shift stress response landscapes in ways that could be exploited or must be controlled in industrial yeast contexts (e.g., fermentation under stress), although these are likely indirect effects mediated by global proteostasis changes rather than a dedicated “cadmium pathway” role for Cct7p (dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7).
Recent structural studies explicitly note that understanding TRiC–substrate interfaces may inform therapeutic agent design targeting these interactions (liu2023pathwayandmechanism pages 1-2), and human genetics highlights clinical consequences of TRiC impairment (kraft2024brainmalformationsand pages 1-3). These are not yeast applications per se, but they contextualize why subunit-specific mechanisms (including CCT7/eta) remain an active research area.
Across reviews and structural work, an expert-consensus picture emerges:
The following table consolidates the core functional annotation for yeast CCT7 with best supporting citations.
| Aspect | Key points | Best supporting citations |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | CCT7 in this report matches the UniProt target P42943/YJL111W from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and encodes T-complex protein 1 subunit eta (Cct7p), a TCP-1 family/group II chaperonin subunit of the eukaryotic TRiC/CCT complex. | (dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 1-4, liu2021cryoemstudyon pages 1-4) |
| Complex membership | Cct7p is one of eight distinct TRiC/CCT subunits per ring; the mature complex is a ~1 MDa double ring with 16 total subunits and near-equal stoichiometry. A consensus ring order places CCT7 in the arrangement CCT1-4-2-5-7-8-6-3. | (que2024theroleof pages 2-4, sergeeva2019coexpressionofcct pages 1-2) |
| Localization | TRiC/CCT is the eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin, so yeast Cct7p is primarily expected in the cytosol as part of the folding chamber. Broader TRiC literature also supports some nuclear functions, but these are not yet well established specifically for yeast CCT7. | (kabir2005physiologicaleffectsof pages 1-2, gvozdenov2024triccctchaperoningoverns pages 33-36) |
| Mechanism | Cct7p contributes to an ATP-driven folding machine whose subunits contain equatorial ATP-binding, intermediate, and apical substrate-binding domains. TRiC cycles between open and closed states to encapsulate non-native polypeptides and promote productive folding while limiting aggregation. | (dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 1-4, que2024theroleof pages 2-4, kelly2020structuralandfunctional pages 28-35) |
| Key substrates/clients | Yeast CCT7 has not been shown to catalyze a chemical reaction; its primary function is structural/chaperone assistance in folding client proteins. At the TRiC level, canonical clients include actin and tubulin, with additional evidence for folding/assembly roles affecting regulators such as CDC20 and complexes involved in cell-cycle control. | (liu2021cryoemstudyon pages 1-4, dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7) |
| Essentiality | Yeast CCT7 is essential: plasmid-shuffle experiments showed that CCT7 deletants fail to grow on FOA, consistent with TRiC being a core proteostasis machine required for viability. | (dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7) |
| Mutant phenotypes | An ATP-pocket-region mutant of yeast Cct7p (G412E/G412D reported in the paper text) caused slower growth, about twofold larger cells, visible protein aggregation, arsenite sensitivity, and altered cadmium handling/tolerance. These phenotypes support a role for Cct7p in ATP-coupled folding and stress-responsive proteostasis. | (dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 1-4, dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7) |
| Quantitative stats | TRiC/CCT is ~1 MDa, 16-subunit, and estimated to assist folding of ~10% of cytosolic proteins. For the yeast CCT7 mutant, doubling time increased from 2.05 ± 0.2 h to 3.47 ± 0.2 h, and cadmium uptake increased from 9.05 to 10.54 µg Cd/mg. | (que2024theroleof pages 2-4, dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7) |
| Recent 2023-2024 advances | Recent cryo-EM studies resolved TRiC substrate folding along its ATPase cycle and defined co-chaperone cooperation with PhLP2A/prefoldin, sharpening models for how subunits such as CCT7 contribute to allosteric ring motions. A 2024 Science study linked defects in TRiC subunits to human developmental disease, underscoring the conserved importance of this machinery. | (liu2023pathwayandmechanism pages 1-2, junsun2024astructuralvista pages 1-2, kraft2024brainmalformationsand pages 1-3) |
Table: This table condenses the main functional-annotation points for yeast CCT7/YJL111W, including identity verification, role in the TRiC/CCT chaperonin, localization, mechanism, phenotypes, and recent advances. It is useful as a quick evidence-backed summary before reading the full narrative report.
References
(dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 4-7): Ankita Dube and M. Anaul Kabir. Chaperonin point mutation enhances cadmium endurance in saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnology Letters, 43:1735-1745, May 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03151-9, doi:10.1007/s10529-021-03151-9. This article has 2 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(liu2021cryoemstudyon pages 1-4): Caixuan Liu, Huping Wang, Mingliang Jin, Wenyu Han, Shutian Wang, Yanxing Wang, Fangfang Wang, Chun Su, Xiaoyu Hong, Qiaoyu Zhao, and Yao Cong. Cryo-em study on the homo-oligomeric ring formation of yeast tric/cct subunits reveals tric ring assembly mechanism. bioRxiv, Feb 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.24.432666, doi:10.1101/2021.02.24.432666. This article has 8 citations.
(que2024theroleof pages 2-4): Yueyue Que, Yudan Qiu, Zheyu Ding, Shanshan Zhang, Rong Wei, Jianing Xia, and Yingying Lin. The role of molecular chaperone cct/tric in translation elongation: a literature review. Heliyon, 10:e29029, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29029, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29029. This article has 12 citations.
(dube2021chaperoninpointmutation pages 1-4): Ankita Dube and M. Anaul Kabir. Chaperonin point mutation enhances cadmium endurance in saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnology Letters, 43:1735-1745, May 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-021-03151-9, doi:10.1007/s10529-021-03151-9. This article has 2 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(sergeeva2019coexpressionofcct pages 1-2): Oksana A. Sergeeva, Cameron Haase-Pettingell, and Jonathan A. King. Co-expression of cct subunits hints at tric assembly. Cell Stress and Chaperones, 24:1055-1065, Nov 2019. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-019-01028-5, doi:10.1007/s12192-019-01028-5. This article has 18 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(kabir2005physiologicaleffectsof pages 1-2): M. Anaul Kabir, Joanna Kaminska, George B. Segel, Gabor Bethlendy, Paul Lin, Flavio Della Seta, Casey Blegen, Kristine M. Swiderek, Teresa ?o??dek, Kim T. Arndt, and Fred Sherman. Physiological effects of unassembled chaperonin cct subunits in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast, 22:219-239, Feb 2005. URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/yea.1210, doi:10.1002/yea.1210. This article has 60 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(gvozdenov2024triccctchaperoningoverns pages 33-36): Zlata Gvozdenov, Audrey Yi Tyan Peng, Anusmita Biswas, Zeno Barcutean, Daniel Gestaut, Judith Frydman, Kevin Struhl, and Brian C. Freeman. Tric/cct chaperonin governs rna polymerase ii activity in the nucleus to support rna homeostasis. bioRxiv, Sep 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.26.615188, doi:10.1101/2024.09.26.615188. This article has 3 citations.
(kelly2020structuralandfunctional pages 28-35): J Kelly. Structural and functional characterisation of the group ii chaperonin cct/tric. Unknown journal, 2020.
(liu2023pathwayandmechanism pages 1-2): Caixuan Liu, Mingliang Jin, Shutian Wang, Wenyu Han, Qiaoyu Zhao, Yifan Wang, Cong Xu, Lei Diao, Yue Yin, Chao Peng, Lan Bao, Yanxing Wang, and Yao Cong. Pathway and mechanism of tubulin folding mediated by tric/cct along its atpase cycle revealed using cryo-em. Communications Biology, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04915-x, doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04915-x. This article has 28 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(liu2023pathwayandmechanism media 86d3cbff): Caixuan Liu, Mingliang Jin, Shutian Wang, Wenyu Han, Qiaoyu Zhao, Yifan Wang, Cong Xu, Lei Diao, Yue Yin, Chao Peng, Lan Bao, Yanxing Wang, and Yao Cong. Pathway and mechanism of tubulin folding mediated by tric/cct along its atpase cycle revealed using cryo-em. Communications Biology, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04915-x, doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04915-x. This article has 28 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(liu2023pathwayandmechanism media 483af941): Caixuan Liu, Mingliang Jin, Shutian Wang, Wenyu Han, Qiaoyu Zhao, Yifan Wang, Cong Xu, Lei Diao, Yue Yin, Chao Peng, Lan Bao, Yanxing Wang, and Yao Cong. Pathway and mechanism of tubulin folding mediated by tric/cct along its atpase cycle revealed using cryo-em. Communications Biology, May 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04915-x, doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04915-x. This article has 28 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.
(junsun2024astructuralvista pages 1-2): Junsun Park, Hyunmin Kim, Daniel Gestaut, Seyeon Lim, Kwadwo A. Opoku-Nsiah, Alexander Leitner, Judith Frydman, and Soung-Hun Roh. A structural vista of phosducin-like phlp2a-chaperonin tric cooperation during the atp-driven folding cycle. Nature Communications, Feb 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45242-x, doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45242-x. This article has 16 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(kraft2024brainmalformationsand pages 1-3): Florian Kraft, Piere Rodriguez-Aliaga, Weimin Yuan, Lena Franken, Kamil Zajt, Dimah Hasan, Ting-Ting Lee, Elisabetta Flex, Andreas Hentschel, A. Micheil Innes, Bixia Zheng, Dong Sun Julia Suh, Cordula Knopp, Eva Lausberg, Jeremias Krause, Xiaomeng Zhang, Pamela Trapane, Riley Carroll, Martin McClatchey, Andrew E. Fry, Lisa Wang, Sebastian Giesselmann, Hieu Hoang, Dustin Baldridge, Gary A. Silverman, Francesca Clementina Radio, Enrico Bertini, Andrea Ciolfi, Katherine A Blood, Jean-Madeleine de Sainte Agathe, Perrine Charles, Gaber Bergant, Goran Čuturilo, Borut Peterlin, Karin Diderich, Haley Streff, Laurie Robak, Renske Oegema, Ellen van Binsbergen, John Herriges, Carol J. Saunders, Andrea Maier, Stefan Wolking, Yvonne Weber, Hanns Lochmüller, Stefanie Meyer, Alberto Aleman, Kiran Polavarapu, Gael Nicolas, Alice Goldenberg, Lucie Guyant, Kathleen Pope, Katherine N. Hehmeyer, Kristin G. Monaghan, Annegret Quade, Thomas Smol, Roseline Caumes, Sarah Duerinckx, Chantal Depondt, Wim Van Paesschen, Claudine Rieubland, Claudia Poloni, Michel Guipponi, Severine Arcioni, Marije Meuwissen, Anna C. Jansen, Jessica Rosenblum, Tobias B. Haack, Miriam Bertrand, Lea Gerstner, Janine Magg, Olaf Riess, Jörg B. Schulz, Norbert Wagner, Martin Wiesmann, Joachim Weis, Thomas Eggermann, Matthias Begemann, Andreas Roos, Martin Häusler, Tim Schedl, Marco Tartaglia, Juliane Bremer, Stephen C. Pak, Judith Frydman, Miriam Elbracht, and Ingo Kurth. Brain malformations and seizures by impaired chaperonin function of tric. Science, 386 6721:516-525, Nov 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp8721, doi:10.1126/science.adp8721. This article has 21 citations and is from a highest quality peer-reviewed journal.
(que2024theroleof pages 7-9): Yueyue Que, Yudan Qiu, Zheyu Ding, Shanshan Zhang, Rong Wei, Jianing Xia, and Yingying Lin. The role of molecular chaperone cct/tric in translation elongation: a literature review. Heliyon, 10:e29029, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29029, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29029. This article has 12 citations.
id: P42943
gene_symbol: CCT7
product_type: PROTEIN
status: COMPLETE
aliases:
- YJL111W
- CCT-eta
- TCP-1-eta
taxon:
id: NCBITaxon:559292
label: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
description: >-
CCT7 encodes the eta subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin-containing
T-complex/TRiC. Cct7 is one of eight distinct CCT subunits in each ring of the
hetero-oligomeric double-ring chaperonin and contributes ATP binding/hydrolysis
and subunit-specific surfaces to the complex-level ATP-dependent protein
folding chaperone activity. The mature TRiC/CCT complex folds actin, tubulin,
and other cytosolic clients. Therefore, CCT7 should be curated as a core
component of the cytosolic CCT complex rather than as a stand-alone generic
unfolded protein binding factor.
existing_annotations:
- term:
id: GO:0006457
label: protein folding
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: IBA protein folding is consistent with CCT/TRiC chaperonin function.
action: ACCEPT
reason: CCT7 contributes to the ATP-dependent protein folding activity of the CCT complex.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16762366
supporting_text: Yeast CCT catalyses the folding of yeast ACT1p and human beta-actin.
- reference_id: file:yeast/CCT7/CCT7-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: CCT7 encodes a TRiC/CCT subunit whose primary function is ATP-dependent folding of cytosolic client proteins.
- term:
id: GO:0005832
label: chaperonin-containing T-complex
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: Phylogenetic inference is correct; Cct7 is a CCT/TRiC subunit.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Complex membership is central to CCT7 function.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15704212
supporting_text: Eukaryotic chaperonins, the Cct complexes, are assembled into two rings, each of...which is composed of a stoichiometric array of eight different subunits...Cct1p-Cct8p.
- term:
id: GO:0051082
label: unfolded protein binding
evidence_type: IBA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000033
review:
summary: The term is broadly related to chaperonin function but less precise than ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone.
action: MODIFY
reason: CCT7 functions through the assembled ATP-dependent chaperonin complex rather than generic unfolded protein binding. The replacement annotation should use the contributes_to qualifier, as CCT7 is a subunit that contributes to complex-level ATP-dependent folding activity rather than having the activity independently.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0140662
label: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16762366
supporting_text: binding pre-equilibrium...followed by a faster ATP-driven processing to...native actin
- term:
id: GO:0000166
label: nucleotide binding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000043
review:
summary: Nucleotide binding is true but overly broad for the CCT ATPase fold.
action: MODIFY
reason: ATP binding is the more specific nucleotide-binding annotation already present.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0005524
label: ATP binding
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/CCT7/CCT7-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: TRiC subunits contain equatorial ATP-binding domains and undergo ATP-driven conformational cycling.
- term:
id: GO:0005524
label: ATP binding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
review:
summary: ATP binding is consistent with the conserved CCT chaperonin ATPase domain.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ATP binding is required for the conformational cycle of CCT/TRiC.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/CCT7/CCT7-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: ATP binding and hydrolysis drive TRiC open/closed conformational changes.
- term:
id: GO:0005737
label: cytoplasm
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000044
review:
summary: Cytoplasmic localization is correct for the CCT/TRiC chaperonin.
action: ACCEPT
reason: CCT/TRiC is the eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16762366
supporting_text: This purified yeast CCT was used for a novel...quantitative actin-folding assay
- term:
id: GO:0005832
label: chaperonin-containing T-complex
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000117
review:
summary: ARBA electronic annotation is consistent with direct complex membership evidence.
action: ACCEPT
reason: CCT7 is a core subunit of the chaperonin-containing T-complex.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15704212
supporting_text: Cct complexes, are assembled into two rings...Cct1p-Cct8p.
- term:
id: GO:0006457
label: protein folding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
review:
summary: Electronic protein folding annotation is consistent with experimental CCT function.
action: ACCEPT
reason: CCT7 contributes to complex-level protein folding.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16762366
supporting_text: Yeast CCT catalyses the...folding of yeast ACT1p and human beta-actin
- term:
id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
review:
summary: ATP hydrolysis activity is consistent with the conserved CCT chaperonin cycle.
action: ACCEPT
reason: ATP hydrolysis drives the CCT/TRiC conformational cycle for client folding.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16762366
supporting_text: binding pre-equilibrium...followed by a faster ATP-driven processing to...native actin
- term:
id: GO:0051082
label: unfolded protein binding
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000120
review:
summary: Broad unfolded protein binding is less precise than ATP-dependent chaperone activity.
action: MODIFY
reason: GO:0140662 better represents the CCT/TRiC complex-level function. The replacement annotation should use the contributes_to qualifier, as CCT7 is a subunit that contributes to complex-level ATP-dependent folding activity rather than having the activity independently.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0140662
label: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16762366
supporting_text: binding pre-equilibrium...followed by a faster ATP-driven processing to...native actin
- term:
id: GO:0140662
label: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
evidence_type: IEA
original_reference_id: GO_REF:0000002
review:
summary: This is the most informative MF term for the assembled CCT/TRiC machine.
action: ACCEPT
reason: CCT7 contributes to ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone activity as a complex subunit.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16762366
supporting_text: The eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin CCT is an essential ATP-dependent protein folding machine.
- term:
id: GO:0006457
label: protein folding
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:16762366
review:
summary: Direct biochemical evidence with purified yeast CCT supports protein folding.
action: ACCEPT
reason: The purified CCT complex catalyzes actin folding in vitro.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16762366
supporting_text: Yeast CCT catalyses the folding of yeast ACT1p and human beta-actin with nearly identical rate constants and yields.
- term:
id: GO:0005737
label: cytoplasm
evidence_type: HDA
original_reference_id: PMID:11914276
review:
summary: High-throughput cytoplasmic localization is consistent with CCT/TRiC biology.
action: ACCEPT
reason: CCT is a cytosolic/cytoplasmic chaperonin complex.
supported_by:
- reference_id: file:yeast/CCT7/CCT7-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: Group II TRiC/CCT is classically described as cytosolic.
- term:
id: GO:0005832
label: chaperonin-containing T-complex
evidence_type: IPI
original_reference_id: PMID:15704212
review:
summary: Interaction evidence supports Cct7 as part of the CCT complex.
action: ACCEPT
reason: CCT7 function depends on the assembled hetero-oligomeric chaperonin.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:15704212
supporting_text: Cct complexes, are assembled into two rings...Cct1p-Cct8p.
- term:
id: GO:0005832
label: chaperonin-containing T-complex
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:16762366
review:
summary: Purified yeast CCT complex evidence supports complex membership.
action: ACCEPT
reason: Cct7 is one subunit of the functional yeast CCT/TRiC folding machine.
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16762366
supporting_text: An efficient purification...protocol for CCT from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been developed.
- term:
id: GO:0051082
label: unfolded protein binding
evidence_type: IDA
original_reference_id: PMID:16762366
review:
summary: The experiment supports substrate binding during CCT-mediated folding, but the generic term is less specific.
action: MODIFY
reason: Replace with ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone to capture the CCT complex mechanism. The replacement annotation should use the contributes_to qualifier, as CCT7 is a subunit that contributes to complex-level ATP-dependent folding activity rather than having the activity independently.
proposed_replacement_terms:
- id: GO:0140662
label: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16762366
supporting_text: controlled CCT-actin folding assay are...consistent with a model where CCT and Ac(I) are in a binding pre-equilibrium...ATP-driven processing to...native actin
references:
- id: GO_REF:0000002
title: Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000033
title: Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000043
title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot keyword mapping
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000044
title: Gene Ontology annotation based on UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Subcellular Location vocabulary mapping
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000117
title: Electronic Gene Ontology annotations created by ARBA machine learning models
findings: []
- id: GO_REF:0000120
title: Combined Automated Annotation using Multiple IEA Methods
findings: []
- id: PMID:11914276
title: Subcellular localization of the yeast proteome.
findings: []
- id: PMID:15704212
title: Physiological effects of unassembled chaperonin Cct subunits in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
findings:
- statement: CCT is an eight-subunit double-ring chaperonin
supporting_text: Cct complexes are assembled into two rings composed of Cct1p-Cct8p.
- id: PMID:16762366
title: Quantitative actin folding reactions using yeast CCT purified via an internal tag in the CCT3/gamma subunit.
findings:
- statement: Purified yeast CCT catalyzes actin folding
supporting_text: Yeast CCT catalyses folding of yeast ACT1p and human beta-actin.
- id: file:yeast/CCT7/CCT7-deep-research-falcon.md
title: Falcon deep research report for CCT7
findings:
- statement: CCT7 is a TRiC/CCT eta subunit contributing to ATP-dependent cytosolic protein folding
supporting_text: The report identifies CCT7 as a core TRiC/CCT subunit in a cytosolic ATP-dependent protein folding machine.
core_functions:
- description: >-
Eta subunit of the cytosolic TRiC/CCT chaperonin complex. Cct7 contributes
ATP hydrolysis and subunit-specific structural surfaces to the assembled
complex, which folds actin, tubulin, and other cytosolic clients through an
ATP-driven conformational cycle.
molecular_function:
id: GO:0016887
label: ATP hydrolysis activity
contributes_to_molecular_function:
id: GO:0140662
label: ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone
directly_involved_in:
- id: GO:0006457
label: protein folding
locations:
- id: GO:0005737
label: cytoplasm
in_complex:
id: GO:0005832
label: chaperonin-containing T-complex
supported_by:
- reference_id: PMID:16762366
supporting_text: The eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin CCT is an essential ATP-dependent protein...folding machine
- reference_id: PMID:15704212
supporting_text: Cct complexes, are assembled into two rings...Cct1p-Cct8p.
- reference_id: file:yeast/CCT7/CCT7-deep-research-falcon.md
supporting_text: CCT7 is one of the eight distinct subunits that assemble into the TRiC/CCT chaperonin.
proposed_new_terms: []
suggested_questions:
- question: Should CCT subunit annotations to GO:0051082 be replaced by GO:0140662 with contributes_to semantics for individual subunits?
suggested_experiments: []