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Question

Gene Research for Functional Annotation

⚠️ CRITICAL: Gene/Protein Identification Context

BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.

Target Gene/Protein Identity (from UniProt):

• UniProt Accession: Q04935
• Protein Description: RecName: Full=Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX20, mitochondrial; Flags: Precursor;
• Gene Information: Name=COX20; OrderedLocusNames=YDR231C; ORFNames=YD9934.15c;
• Organism (full): Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast).
• Protein Family: Belongs to the COX20 family. .
• Key Domains: Cox20. (IPR022533); Cox20 (PF12597)

MANDATORY VERIFICATION STEPS:

1. Check if the gene symbol "COX20" matches the protein description above
2. Verify the organism is correct: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast).
3. Check if protein family/domains align with what you find in literature
4. If you find literature for a DIFFERENT gene with the same or similar symbol, STOP

If Gene Symbol is Ambiguous or You Cannot Find Relevant Literature:

DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'COX20' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information

Research Target:

Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene COX20 (gene ID: COX20, UniProt: Q04935) in yeast.

The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.

You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.

We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.

We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.

We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.

Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.

Output

Question: You are an expert researcher providing comprehensive, well-cited information.

Provide detailed information focusing on:
1. Key concepts and definitions with current understanding
2. Recent developments and latest research (prioritize 2023-2024 sources)
3. Current applications and real-world implementations
4. Expert opinions and analysis from authoritative sources
5. Relevant statistics and data from recent studies

Format as a comprehensive research report with proper citations. Include URLs and publication dates where available.
Always prioritize recent, authoritative sources and provide specific citations for all major claims.

Gene Research for Functional Annotation

⚠️ CRITICAL: Gene/Protein Identification Context

BEFORE YOU BEGIN RESEARCH: You MUST verify you are researching the CORRECT gene/protein. Gene symbols can be ambiguous, especially for less well-characterized genes from non-model organisms.

Target Gene/Protein Identity (from UniProt):

• UniProt Accession: Q04935
• Protein Description: RecName: Full=Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX20, mitochondrial; Flags: Precursor;
• Gene Information: Name=COX20; OrderedLocusNames=YDR231C; ORFNames=YD9934.15c;
• Organism (full): Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast).
• Protein Family: Belongs to the COX20 family. .
• Key Domains: Cox20. (IPR022533); Cox20 (PF12597)

MANDATORY VERIFICATION STEPS:

1. Check if the gene symbol "COX20" matches the protein description above
2. Verify the organism is correct: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) (Baker's yeast).
3. Check if protein family/domains align with what you find in literature
4. If you find literature for a DIFFERENT gene with the same or similar symbol, STOP

If Gene Symbol is Ambiguous or You Cannot Find Relevant Literature:

DO NOT PROCEED WITH RESEARCH ON A DIFFERENT GENE. Instead:
- State clearly: "The gene symbol 'COX20' is ambiguous or literature is limited for this specific protein"
- Explain what you found (e.g., "Found extensive literature on a different gene with the same symbol in a different organism")
- Describe the protein based ONLY on the UniProt information provided above
- Suggest that the protein function can be inferred from domain/family information

Research Target:

Please provide a comprehensive research report on the gene COX20 (gene ID: COX20, UniProt: Q04935) in yeast.

The research report should be a detailed narrative explaining the function, biological processes, and localization of the gene product. Citations should be given for all claims.

You should prioritize authoritative reviews and primary scientific literature when conducting research. You can supplement
this with annotations you find in gene/protein databases, but these can be outdated or inaccurate.

We are specifically interested in the primary function of the gene - for enzymes, what reaction is catalyzed, and what is the substrate specificity? For transporters, what is the substrate? For structural proteins or adapters, what is the broader structural role? For signaling molecules, what is the role in the pathway.

We are interested in where in or outside the cell the gene product carries out its function.

We are also interested in the signaling or biochemical pathways in which the gene functions. We are less interested in broad pleiotropic effects, except where these elucidate the precise role.

Include evidence where possible. We are interested in both experimental evidence as well as inference from structure, evolution, or bioinformatic analysis. Precise studies should be prioritized over high-throughput, where available.

Comprehensive Research Report: Saccharomyces cerevisiae COX20 (UniProt Q04935; YDR231C) — Functional Annotation

0) Identity verification (mandatory)

The target protein is Cox20, a mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) assembly factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S288c), encoded by COX20 / YDR231C (UniProt Q04935). Multiple yeast-focused sources explicitly describe Cox20 as an integral inner-mitochondrial membrane (IMM) protein and a Cox2-specific chaperone/assembly factor, consistent with the UniProt description and the Cox20 family architecture (two central transmembrane helices with intermembrane-space–exposed flanking regions). (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 1-2, herrmann2005biogenesisofcytochrome pages 5-7)

Importantly, there is also a human ortholog termed COX20 (FAM36A) involved in Complex IV biogenesis. While orthologous, yeast and human proteins are not functionally interchangeable in heterologous complementation, so yeast COX20/YDR231C should not be conflated with the human gene when interpreting experiments. (bourens2014humancox20cooperates pages 5-6, bourens2014humancox20cooperates pages 1-2)

1) Key concepts and definitions (current understanding)

1.1 Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) assembly and the “COX2 module”

Cytochrome c oxidase (COX; Complex IV) is assembled from mitochondrially encoded catalytic core subunits and nuclear-encoded subunits plus numerous assembly factors. Cox20 is part of the COX2 biogenesis/assembly line: it binds Cox2 (the mtDNA-encoded Complex IV catalytic core subunit 2) shortly after synthesis and membrane insertion and helps coordinate subsequent maturation steps. (herrmann2005biogenesisofcytochrome pages 5-7, guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 4-5)

1.2 What Cox20 is (molecular definition)

Yeast Cox20 is a ~205 amino acid, integral IMM protein with two centrally located transmembrane helices; hydrophilic N- and C-terminal regions are exposed to the intermembrane space (IMS). (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 1-2, herrmann2005biogenesisofcytochrome pages 5-7)

Functionally, Cox20 is best described as a substrate-specific chaperone for Cox2 that:
- interacts with pre-Cox2 and promotes its maturation,
- remains associated with mature, unassembled Cox2, and
- coordinates membrane-topogenesis (especially Cox2 C-tail export) and stability control during assembly. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 1-2)

2) Primary function of yeast Cox20 (mechanistic narrative)

Cox20’s primary function is to enable productive biogenesis of Cox2 and its incorporation into Complex IV by acting as a Cox2-directed chaperone that supports multiple steps: (i) leader peptide processing, (ii) C-terminal tail export/topogenesis (in cooperation with Cox18), and (iii) stabilization/protection of unassembled Cox2 from proteolytic turnover.

2.1 Cox20 promotes Cox2 C-tail export/topogenesis (Cox18-linked step)

A central mechanistic role is that Cox20 is required for efficient export of the Cox2 C-terminal tail across the IMM.

In the 2012 Genetics study, topology was assessed using mitoplast protease-protection assays with C-terminally epitope-tagged Cox2. These experiments support that cox20Δ blocks/impairs C-tail export: the C-terminal tag remains protected from protease in the mutant, consistent with the C-tail being retained on the matrix side rather than exported to the IMS. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 3-4)

These topology findings are reinforced by figure evidence from the same paper showing the protease-protection behavior used to infer the C-tail export defect. (elliott2012multiplerolesof media c10ff83f)

2.2 Cox20 physically associates with the Cox18 translocase in a Cox2-dependent manner

Cox18 is the dedicated machinery mediating Cox2 C-tail export. Cox20 was shown to co-immunoprecipitate with Cox18, and critically, this association is Cox2-dependent (i.e., disrupted when Cox2 synthesis/function is impaired). This supports a model in which Cox20 works within a Cox2 maturation complex that includes the Cox18 export machinery. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 3-4, elliott2013analysisofthe pages 55-62)

The co-immunoprecipitation evidence is also captured visually in figure panels from Elliott et al. 2012. (elliott2012multiplerolesof media 82d82368)

2.3 Cox20 supports Imp1-dependent processing of the Cox2 N-terminal leader peptide

Yeast Cox2 is synthesized with an N-terminal leader peptide that is processed by the IMM peptidase Imp1. Cox20 has a distinct role in promoting efficient Imp1-dependent processing of pre-Cox2 to mature Cox2. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 6-7)

The same study separated this role from C-tail export by showing that blocking leader processing does not necessarily block C-tail export, supporting that Cox20 has multiple separable functions in Cox2 maturation. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 3-4, elliott2013analysisofthe pages 55-62)

Figure panels from Elliott et al. 2012 also show immunoblot evidence for impaired pre-Cox2 processing when Cox20 is absent. (elliott2012multiplerolesof media cd748f28)

2.4 Cox20 stabilizes newly made/unassembled Cox2 and protects it from i-AAA protease–mediated turnover

In the absence of Cox20, Cox2 biogenesis intermediates are destabilized and subject to quality-control degradation. Genetic suppressor evidence indicates that impairing the i-AAA protease pathway (components Yme1, and its adaptors Mgr1/Mgr3) can partially suppress cox20Δ respiratory defects and restore Cox2 steady-state levels, supporting that a key Cox20 role is to protect unassembled Cox2 from i-AAA–mediated degradation while assembly proceeds. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 3-4, elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 6-7)

3) Subcellular localization and where Cox20 acts

Cox20 is localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane as an integral membrane protein, with functional regions exposed to the intermembrane space, where it can interact with exported domains of Cox2 and with Cox18-associated intermediates. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 1-2, herrmann2005biogenesisofcytochrome pages 5-7)

4) Pathways and interaction partners

4.1 Pathway placement: Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) assembly

Cox20 functions in the Complex IV assembly pathway, specifically in the COX2 maturation/assembly module. Reviews place COX20 as a factor that binds COX2 before and after cleavage and stabilizes COX2 in a complex competent for downstream maturation, including cooperation with metallochaperone components (discussed extensively in human systems but incorporated as module logic). (guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 4-5)

4.2 Key molecular partners supported by experiments

The yeast evidence base supports the following partner relationships:
- Cox2: Cox20 binds pre-Cox2 and remains associated with mature, unassembled Cox2 (substrate chaperone relationship). (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 1-2)
- Cox18: Cox20 co-immunoprecipitates with Cox18 in a Cox2-dependent manner, consistent with Cox20 participating in Cox18-mediated C-tail export/topogenesis. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 3-4, elliott2013analysisofthe pages 55-62)
- Imp1 (functional coupling): Cox20 is required for efficient Imp1-dependent pre-Cox2 processing. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 6-7)
- Yme1/Mgr1/Mgr3 (quality-control context): i-AAA pathway impacts Cox2 turnover and genetically suppresses cox20Δ defects, supporting Cox20’s stabilizing role. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 3-4, elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 6-7)

5) Recent developments and latest research (prioritized 2023–2024)

5.1 2024: Cox20 as a limiting factor for allotopic COX2 biogenesis (engineered gene relocation)

A 2024 Genetics study used yeast allotopic expression of COX2 (nuclear expression of a mitochondrially encoded gene) to identify limiting factors for successful Cox2 biogenesis. Overproducing Cox20 (along with Oxa1 and Pse1) improved internalization/maturation of the allotopically produced Cox2W56R precursor and improved respiratory growth. (nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 1-2, nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 6-8)

This work also illustrates practical metrics/assays used in real implementations, including oxygen-uptake measurements and BN-PAGE with in-gel Complex IV activity staining and subsequent 2D SDS-PAGE/immunoblotting to track assembly and Cox2 incorporation. (nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 6-8)

A quantitative data point available from the retrieved excerpt is that the allotopic-expression strain exhibits an approximately 20–30% decrease in oxygen uptake (relative context described in the paper) and that genetic manipulations (including Cox20 overexpression) were tested for their ability to improve respiration. (nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 6-8)

5.2 2024: Authoritative synthesis of yeast-to-human translation in COX deficiency

A 2024 review highlights that yeast has been central for identifying COX assembly genes and for functional testing of patient variants, with COX assembly requiring ~30 proteins/assembly factors overall. The review explicitly places COX20 in the COX2 module and emphasizes yeast’s utility for variant interpretation and mechanistic dissection. (guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 1-2, guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 4-5)

5.3 2023: Clinical genetics context for the conserved COX20 pathway

Although not yeast-specific, a 2023 clinical report/literature review provides an up-to-date snapshot of the medical relevance of the conserved pathway: as of that publication, 29 patients with COX20 deficiency had been reported and 10 COX20 variants had been identified. (chen2023clinicalandgenetic pages 1-2)

This clinical genetics corpus strengthens the rationale for yeast Cox20 research as a model for conserved Complex IV biogenesis mechanisms and for interpreting COX20-pathway disruptions. (guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 1-2)

6) Current applications and real-world implementations

1. Disease modeling & variant interpretation: Yeast is used to identify COX assembly factors and to test causality/pathogenicity of human variants because respiration-deficient mutants remain viable on fermentable media and show clear phenotypes under respiratory growth conditions; assays can be shared across species (e.g., COX activity assays). (guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 2-4, guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 1-2)

2. Allotopic expression as a platform for mitochondrial gene relocation: The yeast COX2 allotopic system is used to study constraints and enabling factors in relocating mitochondrial genes to the nucleus—relevant both to evolutionary questions and to potential therapeutic concepts. Cox20 is experimentally identified as one limiting factor whose increased abundance can improve engineered Cox2 biogenesis. (nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 1-2, nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 6-8)

3. Standardized experimental toolkit (commonly used in Cox20 studies):

4. Mitoplast protease-protection/topology assays for C-tail export,
5. Co-immunoprecipitation for Cox20–Cox18 association,
6. Respiratory growth assays on non-fermentable carbon sources,
7. Oxygen consumption assays,
8. Mitochondrial isolation and BN-PAGE / 2D SDS-PAGE with in-gel activity stains and immunoblotting for assembly intermediates and Complex IV activity. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 3-4, nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 6-8)

7) Expert opinions and analysis (authoritative synthesis)

A consistent expert-level interpretation across yeast primary studies and reviews is that Cox20 is not a general chaperone but rather a substrate-specific assembly chaperone for Cox2 that coordinates topogenesis, processing, and stability checkpoints to prevent accumulation of nonproductive (and potentially harmful) assembly intermediates. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 1-2, herrmann2005biogenesisofcytochrome pages 5-7)

The 2024 review further argues that functional studies in tractable models remain necessary because genotype–phenotype correlations are weak and many genes contribute to a functional COX complex; yeast is positioned as a key platform to bridge sequencing-driven discovery to mechanistic causality. (guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 1-2)

8) Statistics and data highlights (recent)

• Human COX20 deficiency case burden (2023): 29 reported patients and 10 identified COX20 mutations/variants summarized in a 2023 literature review; several patients share recurrent compound heterozygous variants. (chen2023clinicalandgenetic pages 1-2)
• Allotopic COX2 physiological defect (2024 yeast model): allotopic COX2W56R strains show ~20–30% decreased oxygen uptake (in the experimental context), and Cox20 overproduction was among interventions tested to improve respiration and Cox2 biogenesis. (nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 6-8)

9) Summary: functional annotation statement (yeast COX20/YDR231C)

COX20 (YDR231C; UniProt Q04935) encodes an integral mitochondrial inner-membrane Cox2-specific chaperone/assembly factor required for productive cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) biogenesis. Cox20 binds newly synthesized Cox2, promotes Imp1-dependent leader peptide processing, facilitates Cox18-dependent export/topogenesis of the Cox2 C-terminal tail, and stabilizes unassembled Cox2 by limiting i-AAA protease–mediated degradation, thereby enabling Cox2 maturation and incorporation into assembling Complex IV. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 1-2, elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 3-4, elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 6-7, elliott2013analysisofthe pages 55-62)

Evidence summary table

Table: This table summarizes the most relevant evidence for the function of yeast Cox20/YDR231C in Cox2 biogenesis and Complex IV assembly, while clearly separating direct yeast evidence from human ortholog context. It is useful for functional annotation because it links specific mechanistic steps to the main experiments and observed phenotypes.

Key sources (with URLs and publication dates)

• Elliott LE, Saracco SA, Fox TD. Multiple roles of the Cox20 chaperone in assembly of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome c oxidase. Genetics (Feb 2012). https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.135665 (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 1-2)
• Herrmann JM, Funes S. Biogenesis of cytochrome oxidase—sophisticated assembly lines in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Gene (Jul 2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.03.017 (herrmann2005biogenesisofcytochrome pages 5-7)
• Nieto-Panqueva F, Vázquez-Acevedo M, Hamel PP, González-Halphen D. Identification of factors limiting the allotopic production of the Cox2 subunit of yeast cytochrome c oxidase. Genetics (Apr 2024). https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae058 (nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 1-2)
• Guaragnella N et al. More than Just Bread and Wine: Using Yeast to Understand Inherited Cytochrome Oxidase Deficiencies in Humans. Int J Mol Sci (Mar 2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073814 (guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 1-2)
• Chen L, Liu Y. Clinical and genetic characteristics of children with COX20-associated mitochondrial disorder: case report and literature review. BMC Medical Genomics (Apr 2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01513-y (chen2023clinicalandgenetic pages 1-2)

References

1. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 1-2): Leah E Elliott, Scott A Saracco, and Thomas D Fox. Multiple roles of the cox20 chaperone in assembly of saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome c oxidase. Genetics, 190:559-567, Feb 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.135665, doi:10.1534/genetics.111.135665. This article has 49 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

2. (herrmann2005biogenesisofcytochrome pages 5-7): Johannes M. Herrmann and Soledad Funes. Biogenesis of cytochrome oxidase-sophisticated assembly lines in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Gene, 354:43-52, Jul 2005. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.03.017, doi:10.1016/j.gene.2005.03.017. This article has 157 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

3. (bourens2014humancox20cooperates pages 5-6): Myriam Bourens, Aren Boulet, Scot C. Leary, and Antoni Barrientos. Human cox20 cooperates with sco1 and sco2 to mature cox2 and promote the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase. Human molecular genetics, 23 11:2901-13, Jun 2014. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddu003, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu003. This article has 118 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

4. (bourens2014humancox20cooperates pages 1-2): Myriam Bourens, Aren Boulet, Scot C. Leary, and Antoni Barrientos. Human cox20 cooperates with sco1 and sco2 to mature cox2 and promote the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase. Human molecular genetics, 23 11:2901-13, Jun 2014. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddu003, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu003. This article has 118 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

5. (guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 4-5): Nicoletta Guaragnella, T. Cervelli, Bel é m Sampaio-Marques, Chenelle A. Caron-Godon, Emma Collington, Jessica L. Wolf, Genna Coletta, and D. M. Glerum. More than just bread and wine: using yeast to understand inherited cytochrome oxidase deficiencies in humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25:3814, Mar 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073814, doi:10.3390/ijms25073814. This article has 5 citations.

6. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 3-4): Leah E Elliott, Scott A Saracco, and Thomas D Fox. Multiple roles of the cox20 chaperone in assembly of saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome c oxidase. Genetics, 190:559-567, Feb 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.135665, doi:10.1534/genetics.111.135665. This article has 49 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

7. (elliott2012multiplerolesof media c10ff83f): Leah E Elliott, Scott A Saracco, and Thomas D Fox. Multiple roles of the cox20 chaperone in assembly of saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome c oxidase. Genetics, 190:559-567, Feb 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.135665, doi:10.1534/genetics.111.135665. This article has 49 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

8. (elliott2013analysisofthe pages 55-62): L Elliott. Analysis of the assembly of saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome c oxidase subunit cox2 by the oxa1 and cox18 translocases. Unknown journal, 2013.

9. (elliott2012multiplerolesof media 82d82368): Leah E Elliott, Scott A Saracco, and Thomas D Fox. Multiple roles of the cox20 chaperone in assembly of saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome c oxidase. Genetics, 190:559-567, Feb 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.135665, doi:10.1534/genetics.111.135665. This article has 49 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

10. (elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 6-7): Leah E Elliott, Scott A Saracco, and Thomas D Fox. Multiple roles of the cox20 chaperone in assembly of saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome c oxidase. Genetics, 190:559-567, Feb 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.135665, doi:10.1534/genetics.111.135665. This article has 49 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

11. (elliott2012multiplerolesof media cd748f28): Leah E Elliott, Scott A Saracco, and Thomas D Fox. Multiple roles of the cox20 chaperone in assembly of saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome c oxidase. Genetics, 190:559-567, Feb 2012. URL: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.135665, doi:10.1534/genetics.111.135665. This article has 49 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

12. (nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 1-2): Felipe Nieto-Panqueva, Miriam Vázquez-Acevedo, Patrice P Hamel, and Diego González-Halphen. Identification of factors limiting the allotopic production of the cox2 subunit of yeast cytochrome c oxidase. Genetics, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae058, doi:10.1093/genetics/iyae058. This article has 2 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

13. (nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 6-8): Felipe Nieto-Panqueva, Miriam Vázquez-Acevedo, Patrice P Hamel, and Diego González-Halphen. Identification of factors limiting the allotopic production of the cox2 subunit of yeast cytochrome c oxidase. Genetics, Apr 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae058, doi:10.1093/genetics/iyae058. This article has 2 citations and is from a domain leading peer-reviewed journal.

14. (guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 1-2): Nicoletta Guaragnella, T. Cervelli, Bel é m Sampaio-Marques, Chenelle A. Caron-Godon, Emma Collington, Jessica L. Wolf, Genna Coletta, and D. M. Glerum. More than just bread and wine: using yeast to understand inherited cytochrome oxidase deficiencies in humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25:3814, Mar 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073814, doi:10.3390/ijms25073814. This article has 5 citations.

15. (chen2023clinicalandgenetic pages 1-2): Liqing Chen and Yan Liu. Clinical and genetic characteristics of children with cox20-associated mitochondrial disorder: case report and literature review. BMC Medical Genomics, Apr 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01513-y, doi:10.1186/s12920-023-01513-y. This article has 5 citations and is from a peer-reviewed journal.

16. (guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 2-4): Nicoletta Guaragnella, T. Cervelli, Bel é m Sampaio-Marques, Chenelle A. Caron-Godon, Emma Collington, Jessica L. Wolf, Genna Coletta, and D. M. Glerum. More than just bread and wine: using yeast to understand inherited cytochrome oxidase deficiencies in humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25:3814, Mar 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073814, doi:10.3390/ijms25073814. This article has 5 citations.

Citations

1. elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 1-2
2. elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 3-4
3. elliott2012multiplerolesof pages 6-7
4. guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 4-5
5. nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 6-8
6. chen2023clinicalandgenetic pages 1-2
7. guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 1-2
8. herrmann2005biogenesisofcytochrome pages 5-7
9. nietopanqueva2024identificationoffactors pages 1-2
10. elliott2013analysisofthe pages 55-62
11. guaragnella2024morethanjust pages 2-4
12. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.135665
13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.03.017
14. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae058
15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073814
16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01513-y
17. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.135665,
18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2005.03.017,
19. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddu003,
20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073814,
21. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyae058,
22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01513-y,